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India. Khatris had probably been travelling from the Punjab since the days of
Saltanate curmudgeon Zia al-Din Barani, whose denunciation of the Hindu dominance of the Indo-Muslim economy would have been appropriate for the Mughal period as well. Khatris would have found it easy to join caravans that has traversed the Khyber and other Indo Afgan passes since ancient times.In Iran, Khatris both sold cloth and various other Indian goods in bazaars, such as Isfahan's Maidain-i Shah, and lent money to merchants in the cash starved Iranian economy. In the early eighteenth century, the Englishman Edward Pettus, who served the East India company in Isfahan, complained about Indian aggressive marketing techniques. Using Banian as a general term for all non-Muslim Indians he wrote: The bannians, the cheif Marchantes who vende Linene of India, of all sorts and prices, which this Countrye cannot bee without, except the people should goe naked...they vende most of the linene they bring to Spahan after a most base peddlinge, and unmarchante like manner...carying it up and down on their shoulders the Bazar. Later in the century Chardin criticized Indians for their moneylending and wrote stereotyped characterization of the Khatris that reminds readers of European Christian portrayals of Jews, ironic considering Chardin was a Huguenot who had taken refuge in England. He pictured the Khatris as a nefarious class of usurious moneylenders who drained Iran of its precious metals by repatriating their ill-gotten gains to India. His was an ethnic explanation for a fundamental economic imbalance between the two regions.
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pre-Independence period. As recently as 1988, a polemicist representing himself as an Oxford-trained Indian 'socio-historian' published an account of the supposed origins and heritage of north India's
Khatris. Today, as in the past, those who call themselves Khatri favour the livelihoods of the pen and the ledger. In the colonial period, however, Khatri caste associations extolled the heritage of their 'community' as one of prowess and noble service (seva), claiming that their dharmic essence was that of the arms-bearing Kshatriya and therefore quite unlike that of the commercial Agarwals and other pacific Vaishyas. These same themes were recapitulated by the author of the 1988 text: the Khatris, 'one of the most acute, energetic, and remarkable race in India', are heirs to a glorious martial past, 'pure descendants of the old Vedic Kshatriyas'. The writer even tries to exalt Khatris above Rajputs, whose blood he considers 'impure', being supposedly mixed with that of 'inferior' Kols or 'aborigines': in his view only Khatris are 'true representatives of the Aryan nobility'.<39>Footnote: 39 Puri 1988: 3, 78, 163, 166. The writer appeals to the Khatri 'race' to 'wake up' and cherish their heritage as 'followers of the Hindu Dharma Sastras' (5). Above all they should guard against 'hybridising', i.e. marrying non-Khatris (166). These views closely resemble those of pre-Independence race theorists (see Chapters 3-4). Compare Seth 1904
907:
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45:
7824:...its main adherents came from those in government service, qualified professionals such as doctors, engineers, and lawyers, business entrepreneurs, teachers in schools in the bigger cities and in the institutes of higher education, journalists...The upper castes dominated the Indian middle class. Prominent among its members were Punjabi Khatris, Kashmiri Pandits, and South Indian brahmins. Then there were the 'traditional urban-oriented professional castes such as the Nagars of Gujarat, the Chitpawans and the Ckps (Chandrasenya Kayastha Prabhus)s of Maharashtra and the Kayasthas of North India. Also included were the old elite groups that emerged during the colonial rule: the Probasi and the Bhadralok Bengalis, the Parsis, and the upper crusts of the Muslim and Christian communities. Education was a common thread that bound together with this pan Indian elite...But almost all its members spoke and wrote English and had had some education beyond school
7855:'national' elite have now expanded to include several new groups of castes, by and large of the dwija varna, which have acquired access to English education in the post Independence periodSociologically viewed, the ranks of the pan-Indian elite are drawn from several groups ousted from the regions, such as Punjabi Hindus, Kashmiri Pundits and South-Indian Brahmins. Then there are the traditional urban-oriented professional castes such as the Nagars of Gujarat, the Chitpawans and the CKPs(Chandrasenya Kayastha Prabhus) of Maharashtra and the Kayasthas of North India whose members have joined the ranks, albeit more through responding to the pull factor than being subject to the push factor.Also included amound them are the old elite groups which emerged during the colonial rule: The Probasi and the Bhadralok Bengalis, the Parsis, and the upper crusts of the Muslim and Christian communities with a pronounced secular and nationalist persuation.
3368:
one of the
Vaishya caste of Punjabi Hindus, he shows that their social status was higher than the Arora, Suds and Baniyas in the 19th century Punjab. He quotes Ibbetson who states that the Punjabi Khatris who held prominent military and civil posts were traditionally different from the Aroras, Suds or Baniyas who were rural, of low status and mostly commercial. Punjabi Khatris, on the other hand, were urban, usually prosperous and literate. Thus, the Khatris led the Vaishyas in seeking a higher social position in the flexible Varna hierarchy based on their superior achievements. Similar social mobility efforts were followed by other Hindus in Punjab McLane also describes them as a "mercantile caste who claimed to be Kshatriyas". In the 19th century, British failed to agree whether their claim of Kshatriya status should be accepted.
671:
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keeping with their new prosperity (Jordens 1978) linked with the economic advance of
British India; in the Punjab, his movement developed along the same lines among the merchant castes which felt that they could aspire all the more legitimately to the leadership of their community as the Brahmins and Kshatriyas, who had been hierarchically superior to them had been marginalized. Barrier hence explains the attraction that the Arya Samaj exercised over the merchant castes by the fact that: Dayananda's claim that caste should be determined primarily by merit not birth, opened new paths of social mobility to educated Vaishyas who were trying to achieve social status commensurate with their improving economic status.
4180:(Pg 16)Group I. Castes which follow various professions like teachers, doctors, clerks, pleaders, engineers etc:-All Brahmins,Non Brahmins: Kayastha Prabhu,Pathare Prabhu, Pathare Kshatriya, Khatri, Vaishya Vani (pg 29) Castes called Khatris are found in Gujarat Karnataka and Maharashtra. This sample represents the Marathi speaking khatris who claim to have living near the Bombay island for the last century at least. Khatris are found in other towns in the west maratha countries their hereditary profession is said to be that of silk weavers and merchants. Now they have entered into all services like clerks, teachers and higher administrative jobs and also follow professions like law and medicine.....
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own, they employed adjuncts from another caste known as Kunbis. The latter soon learnt the craft and turned into formidable competitors. Particularly, the
Khatris resented that at some time in the mid-1770s, at the very end of the period studied here, the Mughal governor had granted their Kunbi rivals the right to manufacture saris, a popular female garment. In 1742, the Khatri weavers refused to deliver cloth to the EIC to protest against the immigration of Muslim weavers; it is difficult to say whether this strike was a purely economic matter or whether religion, status and caste were an issue as well.
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Treemungalacharya was insulted by throwing cowdung at him in Pune, but he has no shame and still calls himself a
Brahmin. Similarly a (Marathi) Khatri or Koshti (weavers) who are included in Panchal at places other than Bombay, call themselves Kshatriya in Bombay and say their needles are the arrows and their thimbles are the sheaths. How surprising that those Sonars and Khatris at the hands of whom even Sudras will not take water have become Brahmins and Kshatriyas. He continues, in short day by day higher castes are disappearing and lower castes are prospering.
3125:, the migrant population were forced to live in camps under open sky. Only a meager 5% received "grossly undervalued claims against their properties in shape of very poorly cultivable land, while remaining 95% though entitled for compensation could not get any thing to sustain". This migrant population is also referred to as ‘refugee’ and ‘sharnarthi’ (शरणार्थी) in a derogatory manner by some locals. A Punjabi organisation had approached the Haryana government with a demand to ban both words and to enact a law on the lines of the
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to command as royal scribes, but they also appear in inscriptional literature represented as pious donors and great men in their own right. Originally serving medieval Hindu kings, the coming of the Muslim empires opened up new opportunities for them. In these new courtly contexts, their willingness to assimilate themselves to the
Persianate language and the culture of Muslim courts gave them a sharp advantage - although often, in the process, attracting sharp hostility from Brahman scribal rivals(O'Hanlon 2010b:563-95)
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919:
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Since these
Muslims were not allowed to have any direct connection with high caste Hindus, the finished products of Muslims were marketed by the Khatris. The Muslim weavers were good in weaving and their labour was cheap for they had to take whatever they were paid to establish themselves. Now the Khatris started focusing more on marketing. By this way, weaving from the Khatris passed into the hands of the Muslims. Gradually, the Khatris became traders.
3199:
2554:
2621:
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2537:, the Khatri, who were considered low-caste Hindus at the time, helped them. The Muslims had to depend on the Khatri weavers because the Muslims found it difficult to interact with the high-caste Hindus directly at the time. Since these new immigrant Muslims were cheap labour, the Khatris took over marketing and thus transited from weavers to traders over time. The Muslims, who learned the technique of
238:, they were mostly engaged in mercantile professions such as banking and trade. They were the dominant commercial and financial administration class of late-medieval India. Some in Punjab often belonged to hereditary agriculturalist land-holding lineages, while others were engaged in artisanal occupations such as silk production and weaving.
8543:
balanced against the Khatri origin myths...By the eighteenth century, and probably long before, they were a dominant group in the trade of the Punjab and
Afghanistan, and they had penetrated into Turkistan and also east and south into many parts of India. ...This raises the possibility that Khatris were resident in Bengal in pre-Mughal times.
6689:
balanced against the Khatri origin myths...By the eighteenth century, and probably long before, they were a dominant group in the trade of the Punjab and
Afghanistan, and they had penetrated into Turkistan and also east and south into many parts of India. ...This raises the possibility that Khatris were resident in Bengal in pre-Mughal times.
3022:, which pushed them in droves towards Delhi and its neighbourhoods. This exodus opened new opportunities for them. A combination of enterprise, articulation, and strategic closeness to the national capital— which, in itself, was becoming a major growth hub - created conditions for Khatri capital to flourish in the post-Partition period.
8511:
great varna scale of class divisions and their importance within the Hindu community. Processed of questionable and flexible status in the traditional hierarchy, literate, urban and often wealthy, in search of recognition for their achievements and pretentions, the Khatris acted as traditional innovators, leaders into new worlds
2610:". The outcome of their assertions - which included providing financial support to the Mughals and shaving their beards - was that the Khatris became still more important to the Mughal rulers as administrators at various levels, in particular because of their skills in financial management and their connections with bankers.
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3991:
8510:
Among Punjabi Hindus the Vaishyas would lead; among Vaishyas, the Khatri and his associates, the Saraswat Brahmins. The Khatris claimed with some justice and increasing insistence, the status of Rajputs, or Kshatriyas, a claim not granted by British but illustrative of their ambiguous position on the
8014:
Following Karve's classification in the Konkan, the Kayastha Prabhu, Pathare Prabhu, Pathare Kshatriya, Khatri and Vaisya Vani may be listed with the Brahmins as professional groups. The intermediate or artisan and service castes include the Sonar (goldsmiths), Kasar (coppersmiths), Shimpi (tailors),
6780:
Weavers and other artisans frequently moved to places where the prospects for international trade or state patronage were great. Khatri weavers living in Gujarat largely trace their ancestry to Champaner in the current Panch Mahals district or to Hinglaj in Sind. Community genealogists today preserve
6565:
In northern India and Rajput states, Persian assimilated Kayasths and the khatris were the leading scribal people. These communities were not Brahmans, but had early in the second millennium developed as specialised scribes and clerks. Popular literatures reviled them for the influence they were able
3529:
Everyone does what he wants, Sonars have become Brahmins, Treemungalacharya was insulted by throwing cowdung at him in Pune, but he has no shame and still calls himself a Brahmin. Similarly a Khatri or Koshti who are included in Panchal at places other than Bombay, call themselves Kshatriya in Bombay
2601:
their military service and said that they should be shopkeepers and brokers. This legend is probably fanciful: McLane notes that a more likely explanation for their revised position was that a Sikh rebellion against the Mughals in the early 1700s severely compromised the Khatri's ability to trade and
2585:
during Mughal era. However, this profession often created conflicts with the Brahmin scribes who discontinued the use of Persian and started using Marathi in the Deccan. According to McLane, them being a trading group, had spread into many parts of India, possibly long before the 1700s and to Bengal,
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specifically stereotyped and expressed disapproval of the money-lending techniques of the Khatri community. According to Dale, this racist criticism was ironic given Chardin's non-English background but adds that it was Chardin's way of giving an "ethnic explanation" to the economic disparity between
6480:
When the first caravan of Muslim weavers known as 'sat gharua' entered Banaras, there was monopoly of Khatri Hindus over the weaving industry in Banaras. The Khatri Hindus known as Pattikas or Pattakars assisted to these immigrant Muslim weavers in founding their craft both by cash and raw material.
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The Sikh Struggle in the Eighteenth Century and Its Relevance for Today, W. H. McLeod, History of Religions, Vol. 31, No. 4, Sikh Studies (May 1992), pp. 344-362, The University of Chicago Press/ quote: "Although Bachitar Natak is traditionally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, there is a strong case
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Some of them, known in sources as banians, sold goods and lent money in the Persian gulf port of Bandar 'Abbas. However, most of the 10,000 Indians whom Chardin estimated resided in Isfahan in 1670 belonged to the prominent Khatri caste group, whose members were native to the Punjab and northwestern
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in terms of scale and spread of operation. Before independence they were only regional players and their rise in phenomenal proportions was a post-independence feature. Since then, they have produced leading entities in fields of pharmaceuticals, two-wheelers, tractors, paper, tyre-making and hotels
902:
is the name given to Hindus who live in Afghanistan. They are Hindus of Khatri class and are found all over Afghanistan even amongst the wildest tribes. They are wholly occupied in trade and form numerous portion of the population of all the cities and towns, and are also to be found in the majority
544:
John Stratton Hawley and Mann clarify that although the word "Khatri" derives from the word "Kshatriya", in Punjab's context Khatri refers to a "cluster of merchant castes including Bedis, Bhallas and Sodhis". Purnima Dhavan sees the claim as originating from a conflation of the phonetically similar
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In fact, there are some castes which do not quite fit into any of the four varnas. I do not know enough about the situation in south India. But in Northern India, castes such as Khatris and Kayasths are difficult to fit into the varna system. The Khatris are par excellence traders, but they are not
8476:
Examples of continuing fascination with the Kshatriya ideal abound, as can be seen in the many post-Independence publications which exalt the doings of individual named jatis. The production of these 'community' histories has been as active an industry in the late twentieth century as it was in the
7854:
The old neocolonial upper-caste elite, with a long tradition of education in the language of the ruling elite, with a long tradition of education in the language of the ruling elite of the time -Sanskrit of Persian in the past or english today - still constitutes its core. However, the ranks of the
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Muslim community learned the art of weaving from the Pattikas khatris - a low Hindu caste at that time. It was easier to mix with low Hindu castes than higher one for muslims. The muslims who installed their own looms and learnt weaving were known as 'chira-i- Baaf' meaning 'Fine cloth weavers'. By
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Historian Kenneth W. Jones states that the Khatris of Punjab had some justification in claiming Kshatriya status from the British government. However, the fact that this claim was not granted at the time showing their ambiguous position in the varna system. Although Jones also classifies Khatris as
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Punjabi Khatris and others, together with the traditionally "urban and professional" castes, formed a part of the elite middle class immediately after independence in 1947. According to P. K. Verma, "Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite" and almost all the members
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In 1891, more than half the 9,105 male members of the movement belonged to the Khatri and Arora merchant castes. This sociological composition reflected the same socio-cultural logic as in Gujarat where Dayananda had set up the Arya samaj with the support of traders seeking a better status more in
7038:
Similarly, Zafar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat, was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of a low subdivision called Talk, originally from southern Punjab, but born in Delhi, where he rose from menial to noble status in the Delhi sultan's household. As the governor of
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In the study of the political economy of Gujarat in the second half of the eighteenth century, the author points out that castes and subcastes did not prevent inter-caste mobility. Thus, when the Khatri weavers found that they have more orders for high-quality cottons than they could fill on their
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who describes Khatris as "one of the most acute, energetic, and remarkable race in India", "pure descendants of the old Vedic Kshatriyas" and "true representatives of the Aryan nobility". Puri also tried to show the Khatris as higher than the Rajputs whose blood he considered "impure", mixed with
7059:
Khatris were an agrarian people belonging mainly to south Punjab; claiming descent from Kshatriyas of old. It is for this reason that Sikander gives a long genealogy that would link the Sultans of Gujarat with Ramachandra, in other words, with the Suryavanshis. Like most genealogies fabricated to
4744:
Three Hindu communities had particularly strong ties with Persian and Urdu, namely the Kayasths, Kashmiri Brahmins and Khatris. Two of the three - Kayasths and Khatris could claim a high status among their fellow Hindus, while the third, Kashmiri Brahmins - ranked among the highest of the Brahmin
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respectively. The latter considered themselves superior to the former and they called themselves "Brahmakshatriyas" after arriving in Gujarat. When the older Khatri community of Gujarat started prospering, they also started calling themselves "Brahmakshatriya", causing the new Khatri community to
8542:
The Khatris were a Punjabi mercantile caste who claimed to be Kshatriyas. Nineteenth-century Indians and British administrators failed to agree whether that claim should be accepted. The fact that overwhelming majority were engaged in Vaishya (mercantile), not Kshatriya (military), pursuits was
6688:
The Khatris were a Punjabi mercantile caste who claimed to be Kshatriyas. Nineteenth-century Indians and British administrators failed to agree whether that claim should be accepted. The fact that overwhelming majority were engaged in Vaishya (mercantile), not Kshatriya (military), pursuits was
3787:. He further adds that the genealogy of communities such as Khatri, Lohana and Arora is described in the composition of Hiṃgulā Purāṇ that brings them all into one mytho-historic narrative. He also notes that common mythologies found among Khatris and Lohanas. Some members, around 10-15% of the
4423:
In the past members of such castes such as Khatris served as shopkeepers, moneylenders, traders and teachers. Their reputation for mastering knowledge sometimes extended to the spiritual realm: Guru Nanak and the other nine founding gurus of the sikh tradition were Khatris, member of the Bedi
8095:
In the past members of such castes such as Khatris served as shopkeepers, moneylenders, traders and teachers. Their reputation for mastering knowledge sometimes extended to the spiritual realm:Guru Nanak and the other nine founding gurus of the sikh tradition were Khatris, member of the Bedi
6596:
Anyone who wished to enter the large Mughal bureaucracy as an accountant or a scribe had to be well qualified in Persian, since all papers and imperial orders (firmans) were written in that language. The elders of the Hindu castes such as Kayasths and Khatris, who were professional scribes,
3530:
and say their needles are the arrows and their thimbles are the sheaths. How surprising that those Sonars and Khatris at the hands of whom even Shudras will not take water have become Brahmins and Kshatriyas. In short day by day higher castes are disappearing and lower castes are prospering.
3351:‘inferior’ Kolis or ‘aborigines’. She considers his views to represent those of "pre-Independence race theorists". Bayly further describes the Khatris as a "caste title of north Indians with military and scribal traditions". Hardip Singh Syan says Khatris considered themselves to be of pure
6659:
Writing in the 1760s in the Deccan districts of the Mughal empire, he was witness to the rise there of the Brahmin Peshwas who took over the Mughal Bureaucracy and promoted Marathi in place of Persian, displacing the North Indian Persian-literate Hindu scribes of the Kāyastha and Khatri
8872:
The cynical remarks of the Brahmin point out that there was a general tendency of the castes to elevate themselves in the social strata, no doubt taking advantage of the British policy of neutrality towards castes. Thus he says: Everyone does what he wants, Sonars have become Brahmins,
7475:
A large number of specialized artisan and craftsmen castes lived almost entirely in towns, as for example Soni(goldsmith), Kansara(brazier), chudgar(bangle-maker), chhipa(dyer, printer), bhavsar(weaver, dyer, printer), khatri(cotton weaver), salvi(silk weaver), kadiya(brick layer)..and
9058:
The Sikh community grew rapidly in the sixteenth century. Nanak's earliest followers had been fellow Khatris engaged in petty trade, shopkeeping, or lower level civil service in the Lodi or Mughal bureaucracies. But as the movement grew, it experienced a significant influx of Jat
2694:
to Islam between 9th and 13th centuries. Later, they aligned themselves to the teachings of Guru Nanak, himself a Khatri and converted to Sikhism. Hence, Khatris of Afghanistan are in no way of "Indian origin" but are components of the original population of the region.
3384:
cast doubts on it. McLane opines that the confusion was caused since Khatris pursued mercantile occupations and not military ones. However, he adds that this Vaishya occupation fact was balanced by their origin myths, the "possible" derivation of the word Khatri from
4780:
Hindus—Kayasthas (of the accountant and scribe caste) and Khatris (of the trading and scribe caste of the Panjab) in particular—joined madrasahs in large numbers to acquire training in Persian language and literature, which now promised good careers in imperial
780:
Chattri ko poot ho, Baman ko naheen kayee tap aavat ha jo karon; Ar aur janjaar jito greh ko tohe tyaag, kahan chit taan mai dharon, Ab reejh ke deh vahey humko jo-oo, hau binti kar jor karoon ; Jab aao ki audh nidaan bane, att hi ran main tab jujh
7537:
In the last place, 'silk weaving carried on to a large extent.' the products 'much valued for the fastness of the dye', with Khatri dyers working at 'pits on the banks of the dry river Rukmavati where water is said to give specially clear and lasting
2520:
while talking about the castes, he observed "The second highest caste (after Brahmins in the caste system) is the Chhatri which is also known as Khattri. The Chhatri caste's purpose is to protect the oppressed from the aggression of the oppressors".
8045:
In Maharashtra, the Khatri have different subgroups, such as Brahmo Khatri, Gujarathi Khatri, Kapur Khatri, Sahashtrarjun Khatri, Surthi Khatri, Somvanshiya Khatri, and Maratha Khatri which are territorial and endogamous. They are weavers by
793:. All other complications of life are meaningless for me, and I set my heart on the path of righteousness. I humbly beseech thee God Almighty that when the time comes for me to fulfill my Dharma, may I die with honour in the field of battle.
3544:
The vast majority of Khatris are Hindu. Many Hindu Khatris made their first newborn a Sikh. Daughters were married into both Hindu and Sikh families according to the Khatri sub-hierarchy rules. Hindu-Sikh intermarriages among Khatris and
564:, Greek historians have mentioned that Alexander faced stiffed resistance from Indian army of "Kathiyo" warriors. Sastri further adds that "even in present day modern-India, a group of martial caste members called Khati (Khatri) exist in
3430:
explains the attraction of these trading castes to the Arya Samaj as a means of social mobility associated with their prosperity during the British rule. He cites N. G. Barrier to show that the philosophy of the Arya Samaj founder,
3425:
and Khatri merchant castes. In Punjab, the Kshatriya castes who were ritually higher than the Aroras and Khatris had been disempowered and thus the Brahmins who had lost their patrons had to turn to these non-Kshatriya castes.
5266:
Khatri (khatri) "merchant-caste." Although the name derives from Sanskrit kshatriya, which designates the warrior or ruling castes, khatri in Punjabi usage refers to a cluster of merchant castes including Bedis, Bhallas and
2699:
says "I do not know the exact limits of Khatri occupation to the West, but certainly in all Eastern Afghanistan they seem to be just as much part of the community as they are in the Punjab. They find their way into Central
821:, there is another sort of gentiles whom they call Catry, the town is properly their country and from thence they spread all over the Indies." According to Dr. Madhu Tyagi, Thevenot is referring to Hindu Khatri caste here.
4586:
The traditional and present - day occupation of the Khatri is silk and cotton weaving, colouring, dyeing of threads and making jari and garlands. Some of them are engaged in other occupations like business and government
5325:
It is reasonable to presume at the moment on the basis of the cumulative evidence adduced above that the Kathioi, Khatriaioi and the Khatriyas appear to be synonymous- all representing the Kshatriyas-Khatriyas-Khatris."
3345:
states that the Khatris had scribal traditions and despite that Khatri caste organisations in the British Raj era tried to portray their caste as Kshatriyas. Similar caste glorifying ideas were written by the historian
3311:
varna, many others do not. According to some historians, even though they participated in mercantile or other occupationally diverse professions such as Agriculture, they were originally Kshatriyas. In Indian historian
1703:
which translated to House of 2.5, 4, 12 and 52 respectively. They formed the majority of Khatris and were deemed superior. This was followed by Sareen Khatris who formed a minority. Another sub-group of Khatris include
520:
comments that in Punjabi language, Kshatriya is pronounced as Khatri. As per Dr. GS Mansukhani and RC Dogra, "Khatri appears to be unquestionably a Prakritised form of Sanskrit word Kshatriya." According to philologist
3763:, a historian of Sikhism, "traditionally the Aroras, though a relatively high caste were inferior to the Khatris, but the difference has now progressively narrowed. Khatri-Arora marriages are not unknown nowadays."
3663:
consider only themselves as Sikhs and consider Khatris as "bhapas". In Nicola Mooney's opinion, Jat Sikhs consider Arora Sikhs as "Hindu Punjabis" which reserves Sikhism for the Jats alone, denying even the fully
3899:
A History of Panjabi Literature (1100-1932): A Brief Study of Reactions Between Panjabi Life and Letters Based Largely on Important MSS & Rare and Select Representative Published Works, with a New Supplement
2707:
ca. 19th century, paint on paper A military procession of Hari Singh Nalwa (1791–1837), one of the greatest generals of the Sikh Empire. The military procession depicted is led by two horsemen carrying battle
7506:
In the 1840's a large number of weavers, mostly belonging to the kanbi and the Khatri castes and also the Muslim weavers, increasingly purchased machine made imported yarn to weave them into superior textila
6900:
The latter sultanate was founded by a former Tughluq governor, perhaps from a family of Punjabi Khatri converts, who took the title Muzaffar Shah in the early fifteenth century but reigned for only a short
6500:
and by Pattikas khatris withdrew from the scene and it was replaced by muslim community" When muslim community came to Varanasi after conquering Varanasi they settled at Alaipura and other muslim localities
5148:
Nanak was probably of a khatri jati, traditionally tradesmen and government officials in the Punjab, though the name Khatri is from the word Kshatriya. The nine Sikh gurus who came after him were certainly
515:
also agree that Khatri is derived from Kshatriya. Despite the etymology, Hardy says that Khatri is "a mercantile class" and Desai says the Khatris were "traditionally tradesmen and government officials".
7601:
Block printing is done with a resist substance by both Muslims and Hindus of the Khatri caste, and block printers can still be found in many villages. The background fabric for this work is normally red
6304:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. Volume 1: (26, 86, 496, 122, 124, 162, 316, 325, 454, 477 491, 2340), Volume 2: (1, 11, 32, 100, 127, 269, 288, 299, 567, 600), Volume 3: (168, 271, 277, 572).
592:
The Khatris played an important role in India's trans-regional trade during the period, being described by Levi as among the "most important merchant communities of early modern India." Levi writes: "
3414:, which on the one hand rises above the Hindu caste paradigm and on the other hand seeks to portray the Khatri gurus as a group of warrior-defenders of their faith, just as with the Kshatriya varna.
3327:
of Khatris and accept gifts only from them. Jürgen Schaflechner cites the historian Rowe who states that such Saraswat Brahmins who were considered a low caste, formed a symbiotic relationship with
3316:'s opinion, certain castes like Khatris and Kayasthas "do not quite fit" in the Hindu Varna system. According to him, Khatris are neither Vaishyas nor Kshatriyas but are "par excellence traders".
3126:
3696:
is credited with origin from the Khatris but was divided in belief to its descent according to the 1883 book "Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province".
3010:
ceremony called "reetan" or "goadbharai" is carried out amongst Khatris and Aroras. During the event, gifts are showered to the pregnant mother from family and friends among other traditions.
2655:
due to receiving excessive orders who soon became strong competitors to the Khatris much to their chagrin. In the mid-1770s, the Mughal governor granted the Kunbi rivals rights to manufacture
2602:
forced them to take sides. Those who were primarily dependent on the Mughals went to significant lengths to assert that allegiance in the face of accusations that they were in fact favouring "
3185:
and working as merchants although they had entered other professions later. Khatris in modern Maharashtra are divided into endogamous subgroups, such as the Brahmo Khatris and Kapur Khatris.
3181:
Khatris as one of the "professional/advanced castes" as they were doctors, engineers, clerks, lawyers, teachers, etc. during independence. She states that their traditional professions were
2651:, writes that, in 1742 Gujarat, the Khatris had protested the immigration of Muslim weavers by refusing to deliver cloth to the East India Company. In another case Khatris taught weaving to
3659:
to express opprobrium towards Sikhs of these castes. Until recently it was never used in polite company or print, but today the word is used quite openly" According to Birinder Pal Singh,
3339:, etc. who were trying to raise their varna status - which in turn would benefit the Saraswats as well. For this purpose, certain religious texts were written during the British Raj era
3025:
Damodaran adds that the land Khatris originally belonged to had very little industry and rail infrastructure until the 20th century and hence were not comparable to merchant groups like
6781:
the memory of how Khatri families fanned out through towns in central and southern Gujarat during the late sixteenth century, a period of rapid expansion in the region's foreign trade.
277:
onwards and found ready employment in the Imperial Services, specifically in the departments of accountancy (siyaq), draftsmanship (insha) and offices of the revenue minister (diwan).
7940:
9469:
3129:
with similar penalties. The community has a high literacy rate and are not dependent on money-lending and shopkeeping. They are engaged as doctors, engineers, administrators etc.
2674:, a member of the Tank caste of Punjabi Khatris according to the contemporary historian Shiekh Sikander or Rajputs. He started as a menial but rose to the level of a noble in the
3485:, former press secretary to the President of India, says that there were two groups of Khatris in Gujarat, that arrived right after the Mughal invasion and during the reign of
7868:
3521:
Khatris or Koshti to elevate themselves from ritually low status to Kshatriya by taking advantage of the British neutrality towards castes. She quotes a translation from a
2565:(1657–1955) was a Khatri dynasty, which gained a high social position for Khatris in the region resulting in greater migration of Khatris from North to Bengal. When Guru
906:
5378:
Note also the fierce Kathaíoi "tribe" (i.e. Kaṭha Brahmins) who live in the same area as the Salva (and Mahāvr̥ṣa) at the time of Alexander, see Arrian, Anabasis 5.22).
3625:
joined the faith. Khatris and Brahmins opposed "the demand that the Sikhs set aside the distinctive customs of their castes and families, including the older rituals."
3589:
hymns was a common practice and reverence was paid to the dead ancestors. They are both vegetarian and non-vegetarian depending on their affiliations with the sects of
756:
6627:
Kayastha and Khatri caste members acted as scribes (monshi) throughout the Mughal dynasty, and in so doing occupied positions in revenue collection, and record keeping
8886:
2195:
11461:
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2400:
2191:
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1776:
6437:
2455:
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2211:
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2071:
1902:
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During the British colonial era, they also served as lawyers and engaged in administrative jobs in the colonial bureaucracy. Some of them served in the
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2486:
2404:
2361:
2345:
2329:
2301:
2267:
2255:
2239:
2147:
2119:
2111:
2087:
2067:
2055:
1986:
1966:
1926:
1878:
44:
8787:
Early Chauhān dynasties: a study of Chauhān political history, Chauhān political institutions, and life in the Chauhān dominions, from 800 to 1316 A.D
6924:
Similarly, Zaffar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of low subdivision called Tank.
5556:
The Cosmic Drama: Bichitra Natak, Author Gobind Singh, Publisher Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy of the U.S.A., 1989
2946:
because the water was supposed to have special properties to give steadfast colours. These products were often exported to east Africa. In Dhamadka,
2459:
2451:
2443:
2377:
2207:
2167:
2155:
2103:
2051:
1958:
1946:
1922:
1886:
3002:, during Khatri weddings, a ritual is carried out to test the Khatri groom's strength. The groom is supposed to slice the thick branch or stem of a
7568:
Block printing cloth, the traditional occupation of Khatri men, has been practiced in Dhamadka since the time of its foundation some 400 years ago.
2439:
2393:
2321:
2317:
2127:
1918:
1910:
1814:
645:'s, Khatris sold cloth and various items and also practised money-lending. Dale believes that Khatris had possibly been travelling from Punjab via
9125:
5911:
5131:
4630:
9455:
6042:
2313:
2115:
1950:
5020:
4507:
942:
Population Concentration of Khatris & Aroras by region (Note: The numbers are expected to be more since many Hindus boycotted the Census)
12591:
5582:
2581:
describes the Khatris of Punjab as a "scribe and trading caste". They occupied positions in revenue collection and record keeping and learnt
6180:"Report of Haryana Backward Classes Commission - 2012 | Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department, Government of Haryana"
11318:
2902:
would become part of the Hyderabadi nobility and occupy the post of Prime Minister of Hyderabad. Notable individuals of the family include
6842:
With the Muslim invasion the hereditary art fell on bad times, as the khatri community of weavers scattered far and wide in search of work
5772:
5104:
3974:
3947:
2569:
visited Bengal in 1666, he was welcomed by the local Khatris, thereby supporting earlier waves of migration of Khatris to Bengal as well.
6096:
4308:
12965:
11454:
8913:
5886:
3832:
of Himachal Pradesh call themselves Khatris. There is a popular saying among them "Ujreya Lahore te baseya Bharmaur" meaning that when
2083:
626:. As per Stephen Dale, the children born out of Indo-Turkic alliance were in sufficient number to form an Agrizhan suburb in the city.
261:. During the medieval period, with the rise of Persian as an elite vernacular due to Islamic rule, some of the traditional high status
5975:
5850:
3273:
However, most scholars do not agree with the Khatris' claims to Kshatriya varna. They consider castes in north India, like Khatri and
9407:
8163:
Agarwal, khatri, and bania usually denote people of merchant-trader background of middling clean-caste status, often of vaishya varna
6597:
encouraged their children to learn Persian; and Hindu writers in Persian increased greatly in numbers through the eighteenth century.
6221:
The Indian Economic and Social History Review: The merchant gurus: Sikhism and the development of the medieval Khatri merchant family
2091:
8287:
12318:
9872:
8722:
2275:
2187:
7491:
Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective: With Special Reference to Shroffs of Gujarat, 17th to 19th Centuries
6612:
The World Imagined: Collective Beliefs and Political Order in the Sinocentric, Islamic and Southeast Asian International Societies
5162:
2690:, Afghan Hindus and Sikhs descend from the members of the country's indigenous Khatri population who resisted the conversion from
608:, was informed that Khatris were still highly involved in northwest India's trade and that they maintained communities throughout
316:, the commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army, was an Uppal Khatri and responsible for most of the Sikh conquests up until the
12960:
9296:
3304:, Khatri, and Bania usually denote people of merchant-trader background of middling clean-caste status, often of Vaishya varna".
2199:
6383:
3443:
Dayananda's claim that caste should be determined primarily by merit not birth, opened new paths of social mobility to educated
2717:
The Khatris took on a prominent role in the emerging Sikh milieu of post-Mughal Punjab. According to the Khalsa Durbar Records,
10400:
9222:
6977:
These men, a certain Saharan and his brother Sadhu, were, mostly likely peasants or pastoralists, non-Muslim Tank Rajputs from
3791:
began working for the local rulers and hence achieved a higher status than Khatris and Lohanas. These people came to known as "
2659:. This licence was later revoked in 1800 due to pressure from the British, after a deal was struck between the Khatris and the
6991:
6947:
the Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of their ancestors having once been Hindu 'Tanks', a branch of Khatris.
6907:
3408:
Khatris, their Kshatriya claim reflects a contradictory attitude towards the traditional Hindu caste system. It is evident in
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3255:
875:. In the NWFP, the Aroras which are considered a sub-caste of Khatris by some scholars were concentrated in the districts of
8556:
8314:
5636:
5188:
7970:
7696:
4090:"No reciprocation? Wife-givers and wife-takers and the bartan of the samskara among the Khatris of Mandi, Himachal Pradesh"
3121:
During 1947, Punjabis who migrated to Haryana during Partition were mostly Khatris or Aroras. As per a survey conducted by
2678:
family and became the Governor of Gujrat. After Timur attacked the city, people fled to Gujarat and it became independent.
670:
8260:
7753:
7374:
5490:
3018:
Harish Damodaran says the rise of Khatri industrialists in post-1947 India was a consequence initially of the cataclysmic
894:
They were also found in Afghanistan at a population of 300,000 in 1880. According to an 1800s colonial source referred by
12970:
12311:
6518:
The history of Burdwan Raj seems to mark the beginning of Khatri migration or its efflorescence of the Khatris in Bengal.
6272:
5960:
Census of India, 1901. Imperial Tables Part: I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province
4374:
171:
8987:
4457:
For the role of the khatri caste as village moneylender, shopkeeper and grain-dealer in pre-Independence Punjab, see ...
3105:'s population increased by 1.1 million in the period 1941–1951. This growth of 106% largely resulted from the influx of
2791:(1750-1814) became one of the most distinguished leaders of the Khalsa Army. He was the commander in chief of armies in
2597:. The order was made out of sympathy for the widows but when the Khatri community leaders refused to obey it, Aurangzeb
11428:
9252:
8809:
6620:
5696:
4954:
4863:
7039:
Gujarat he became independent from Delhi after Timur devastated the city an immense number of people fled to Gujarat..
6245:
5668:
5365:
2934:, during the colonial rule, Khatris contributed greatly to the weaving industry there. They as well as the Muslim and
10393:
9279:
9195:
9051:
8940:
8762:
8610:
8469:
8341:
7894:
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7001:
6970:
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5259:
4773:
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4552:
4450:
4328:
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4055:
3238:
8583:
8368:
3277:
to be merchant castes who claim higher status based on the educational and economic progress they made in the past.
6930:
6113:
5799:
2838:
community, the Khatris gained considerably from the expansion of the Mughal empire, although both groups supported
2828:
378:
9326:
6356:
4631:"The Political Economy of Textiles in Western India: Weavers, Merchants and the transition to a Colonial Economy"
4261:
3373:
2696:
374:
9380:
3490:
panic and adopt the name "Nayar Brahmakshatriyas" for themselves. In addition, another community - the Gujarati
8432:
8119:
7330:
6179:
5825:
4047:
Tracing the Boundaries Between Hindi and Urdu: Lost and Added in Translation Between 20th Century Short Stories
2645:(Sindh) and the community genealogists believe that the migration happened during the late sixteenth' century.
8289:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]
7669:
7445:
43 percent of the looms were owned by the main Hindu weaving castes, Khatri(silk) and Salis/padmasalis(cotton)
2594:
2223:
11484:
7401:
7073:
3251:
2613:
Khatri standards of literacy and caste status were such during the early years of Sikhism that, according to
8203:
5338:
3783:
were absorbed into Lohanas when they arrived in Sindh during the 18th century from cities in Punjab such as
8395:
5232:
3149:. Khatris of Himachal Pradesh are numerically most important commercial classes are mostly concentrated in
3122:
9447:
3467:
caste of low ritual status but they could be a mixed caste born of Kshatriya fathers and Brahmin mothers.
3779:
were close to the Khatris and intermarried with them. Jürgen Schaflechner mentions that many Khatris and
6410:
4793:
6028:
Census of India, 1931. Vol. IV: Baluchistan. Part I: Report and Part II: Imperial and Provincial Tables
5609:
3802:
Upendra Thakur mentions that there is a strong connection between the Khatris, Aroras, Lohanas and the
3313:
3220:
3209:
2907:
1670:
among other regions after the partition where they make up 9% and 8.0% of the population respectively.
8668:
7972:
Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh: With Trade-routes and Trading Communities
6145:
5053:
4018:
3897:
2990:. Banking, trading and business were considered "traditional occupations of the Khatri in Rajasthan".
2942:, the silk products were highly valued and the Khatri dyers would work in the pits on the bank of the
12955:
11833:
9709:
6129:
4072:
3146:
2722:
2598:
2530:
887:. The Aroras spoke Jatki language which is the 9th century version of Saraiki (Multani) according to
884:
489:
6581:
Islamic Civilization in South Asia:A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent
6229:
5473:
4300:
2633:
Historian Douglas E. Hanes states that the Khatri weavers in Gujarat trace their ancestry to either
844:
language. Highest percentage concentration of Khatris (excluding Aroras) were in Potohar regions of
440:. This change is not only accepted in Prakrit, but in all Indian vernaculars derived by it, such as
12950:
7723:
6064:
Census of India, 1921. Vol. XIV: North-West frontier provinces: Part I: Reports and Part II: Tables
3878:
Khatris claimed to live near the Bombay island from at least the mid-1800s and would speak Marathi.
3854:
7236:
7145:
6464:
3109:
migrants among other reasons. These were members of the Hindu and Sikh Khatri/Arora castes of the
2823:
ruler of Multan led a Sikh rebellion against British suzerainty over Multan after the fall of the
12940:
10513:
9441:
9239:
7780:
6765:
Small Town Capitalism in Western India:Artisans, Merchants and the making of the Informal Economy
6205:
4201:
605:
508:
355:
54:
5801:
Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier
3355:
descent and thus superior to the Rajputs, who like them claim the Kshatriya status of the Hindu
933:
12975:
12945:
12060:
12035:
11813:
10845:
10825:
10480:
9151:
9099:
8233:
8015:
Teli (oil pressers), Khosti (weavers), Bhajvsar (dyers), Nhavi (barbers), Parit (washermen) ...
7522:
Transregional Trade and Traders: Situating Gujarat in the Indian Ocean from Early Times to 1900
7224:
7135:
6224:
4153:
4136:
3039:
2804:
2589:
According to a 17th-century legend, Khatris continued their military service until the time of
2466:
1850:
359:
354:
in 1947, Khatris migrated enmasse to India from the regions that comprise modern-day Pakistan.
333:
9041:
9014:
8459:
8146:
7837:
7551:
7520:
7489:
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Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India
6705:
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State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab
6883:
6763:
6737:
6546:
6465:"Trade, Textile and other Industrial Activities: A Study of Banaras region in Medieval India"
5283:
4440:
4404:
512:
203:
9269:
8493:
7008:
Zafar Khan, a son of Rajput convert to Islam was appointed as governor of Gujarat in 1391AD.
5912:"Census of India, 1931, Vol. XV North-West Frontier Province Part I- Report Part II- Tables"
3840:
was inhabited. Some Khatris clans are known to have settled there during Aurangzeb's reign.
3141:, also known as "Bohras" were traders and had the second largest Hindu population after the
12864:
12200:
10576:
9409:
Gaddi Land in Chamba: Its History, Art & Culture: New Light on the Early Wooden Temples
4320:
3510:
3495:
3427:
3043:
3031:
3006:(Prosopis cineraria) in one blow using a sword. During the pregnancy period of a female, a
824:
The last caste-based census was conducted by the British in 1931 which regarded Khatri and
646:
6163:
Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XV Part B, Sialkot District (Statistical Tables) - 1936
3828:. Gaddi is an amalgamation of various groups such as Khatris, Rajputs, Brahmins etc. Most
3747:
The Arora is a community that Levi describes as a sub-caste of Khatris. They originate in
3447:
who were trying to achieve social status commensurate with their improving economic status
2890:
In Punjab, they were moneylenders, shopkeepers and grain-dealers among other professions.
545:
words khatri and kshatriya, but refers to Khatris as a "trading caste" of the Sikh Gurus.
8:
12275:
9673:
6879:
3648:
3558:
3432:
3377:
2816:
2638:
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895:
522:
370:
344:
257:
script used by Khatri traders; the invention of the script is traditionally ascribed to
235:
7647:. Vol. 2 H–M. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. pp. 1722, 1728–1729.
4687:
The silk trade between Bengal and Gujarat was a domain of Khatri merchants, for example.
4193:
4155:
Muslim communities in Gujarat: preliminary studies their history and social organization
4089:
3296:
Varna. According to Yang, their position in the Varna system should be "just below" the
937:
Map depicting the most numerous community by district according to Census of India 1931.
814:
12814:
12470:
12270:
11470:
11339:
11258:
11198:
10855:
9298:
The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama
8846:
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7052:
6036:
5014:
4501:
4288:
4117:
3655:, referring to the Khatris and Aroras says "The term is typically used dismissively by
3636:
3475:, agriculture and service are traditional occupations of the Khatris in Rajasthan. The
3106:
3019:
3003:
2951:
2850:
2800:
2788:
2737:
district that would later on join Maharaja Ranjit Singh's kingdom. In the Sikh Empire,
2734:
2660:
2593:, when their mass death during the emperor's Deccan Campaign caused him to order their
2353:
872:
833:
641:(Iran) in 1670, belonged to the Khatri caste of Punjab and north-west India. In Iran's
561:
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321:
274:
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7869:"Ban the word 'refugee' in Haryana: Punjabis urge Manohar Lal Khattar | Gurgaon News"
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tribes mentioned by the Greeks in West Punjab are the Khatris of India. According to
517:
441:
107:
4241:
4121:
3795:" while the ones who continued with their merchant professions came to be known as "
3631:(pronounced as Pahpa) is a term used in a derogatory sense to denote Sikhs who left
425:
agree that the terms "khatri" and "kshatriya" are synonymous. The Sanskrit conjunct
12834:
12829:
12693:
12662:
12480:
12444:
12404:
11535:
11203:
11071:
10695:
10490:
10475:
10295:
10285:
10149:
10144:
10134:
9961:
9817:
9762:
9747:
9605:
9562:
9539:
7232:
7141:
7106:
7099:
Mandair, Arvind-Pal S.; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (16 December 2013).
4641:
4316:
4249:
4209:
4205:
4101:
3799:". The Amils then started to recruit members from the general Khatris and Lohanas.
3632:
3522:
3394:
3356:
3320:
3259:
3142:
3079:
3051:
2792:
2746:
2738:
2663:, in which the Khatris would weave only for the EIC until certain quotas were met.
2582:
2517:
2427:
2381:
2373:
2235:
2139:
2131:
2004:
1970:
1788:
1768:
722:
689:
493:
453:
390:
313:
305:
266:
250:
175:
97:
85:
27:
8724:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
8461:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
4442:
Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates
3216:
688:, but possibly not so, the Bedi sub-caste of the Khatris derives its lineage from
12672:
12280:
12205:
12195:
12155:
12143:
11934:
11828:
11595:
11590:
11489:
11328:
11278:
11273:
11263:
11213:
10895:
10787:
10528:
10508:
10485:
10470:
10450:
10445:
10416:
10255:
10071:
9877:
9767:
9597:
9353:
9178:
8970:
8915:
Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity Among Jat Sikhs
8865:
8637:
8235:
Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity Among Jat Sikhs
8028:
7997:
7584:
7347:
7197:
7170:
6960:
6326:
6299:
6247:
Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition
5716:
5446:
5416:
5084:
4836:
4727:
4700:
4600:
4569:
4338:
4173:
3921:
3849:
3644:
3503:
3381:
3158:
3154:
2943:
2899:
2726:
2675:
2671:
2648:
2494:
2478:
2463:
2447:
2416:
2251:
2243:
2163:
2159:
2059:
2000:
1978:
1934:
1906:
1874:
1858:
1830:
888:
857:
845:
841:
707:
650:
497:
131:
119:
115:
9328:
Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan
8697:
Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan
8585:
What's Happening to India?: Punjab, Ethnic Conflict, and the Test for Federalism
8424:
The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920
8313:
Kamala Elizabeth Nayar; Harold Coward (13 June 2012). Kelli I. Stajduhar (ed.).
8111:
The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920
7698:
Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices
4224:
Khatri: A predominantly merchant and trading community that originated from the
3169:
Anthropologist Karve, based on the post-Independence research of castes by a in
2954:
was the traditional occupation of the Khatri men since the seventeenth century.
12910:
12849:
12839:
12809:
12576:
12475:
12424:
12358:
12215:
12175:
11995:
11939:
11919:
11914:
11712:
11494:
11298:
11228:
11170:
11135:
10967:
10945:
10732:
10606:
10571:
10374:
10212:
10174:
10116:
10091:
10011:
9892:
9822:
9812:
9782:
9074:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799
8178:
Questioning the Secular State: The Worldwide Resurgence of Religion in Politics
7282:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799
5887:"Census of India, 1931, Vol. VIII-Part II Bombay Presidency Statistical Tables"
5285:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799
4942:
4729:
One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth Century North India
4225:
4105:
3685:
3677:
3518:
3347:
3292:, were included in the list of "Bania" along with Agarwals and Rastogis of the
3285:
3178:
3150:
2999:
2947:
2903:
2839:
2796:
2703:
2349:
2297:
2259:
2171:
2151:
2135:
1990:
1938:
1834:
1752:
880:
876:
680:
569:
553:
418:
386:
325:
207:
111:
6134:. The Calcutta Central Press Co., Calcutta. 1883–1884. pp. vi (Table IX).
5039:
Remnants of the Sikh Empire: Historical Sikh Monuments in India & Pakistan
4493:
3617:
All the ten Sikh Gurus were from various Khatri clans. The early followers of
492:
with the Prakrit rule and Hindi usage. The same is also testified by scholars
12934:
12874:
12703:
12667:
12636:
12160:
11904:
11864:
11777:
11657:
11585:
11392:
11369:
11268:
11248:
11218:
11178:
11165:
11110:
11090:
10885:
10810:
10792:
10782:
10685:
10654:
10465:
10435:
10339:
10006:
9691:
9653:
8842:
4113:
3665:
3586:
3369:
3035:
3026:
2866:
2777:. He was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh Empire to beyond the
2687:
2578:
2498:
1962:
1733:
1659:
761:
620:
local women in Astrakhan and the children from these marriages were known as
293:
262:
191:
6856:
Eighteenth Century Gujarat: The Dynamics of Its Political Economy, 1750-1800
5320:
5237:. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. p. 189.
4908:
3389:
their large physical stature, the superior status accorded to them by other
417:", according to the Śabdasāgara Lexicon by Shyamasundara Dasa. According to
12844:
12769:
12744:
12713:
12566:
12535:
12520:
12414:
12373:
12185:
12098:
12000:
11985:
11929:
11894:
11747:
11631:
11530:
11520:
11193:
11188:
11085:
11002:
10900:
10850:
10815:
10710:
10639:
10551:
10533:
10364:
10207:
10081:
10046:
10026:
9928:
9648:
9529:
9482:
9478:
9477:
7942:
A Long Dream of Home: The persecution, exile and exodus of Kashmiri Pandits
7580:
7100:
7054:
The rise of Muslim power in Gujarat; a history of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442
4473:
3859:
3818:
3780:
3772:
3760:
3652:
3091:
3047:
2963:
2922:. The Khatris specialised in silk, while the Padmasalis in cotton weaving.
2785:. At the time of his death, the western boundary of the empire was Jamrud.
2718:
2614:
2566:
2012:
685:
654:
634:
630:
593:
504:
382:
8370:
Fighting Words: Religion, Violence, and the Interpretation of Sacred Texts
8026:
7549:
7110:
6962:
In Praise of Kings Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat
5337:
Dr S. Srikanta Sastri, English Translation by S. Naganath (28 July 2021).
4567:
3094:
communities could read and write English and were educated beyond school.
836:(NWFP), which is now known as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The Khatris spoke
12889:
12754:
12631:
12571:
12253:
11980:
11889:
11869:
11752:
11697:
11672:
11580:
11575:
11555:
11407:
11359:
11313:
11308:
11253:
11233:
11080:
11055:
11007:
10940:
10772:
10715:
10601:
10518:
10275:
10235:
9827:
9663:
9577:
9572:
9534:
8148:
Veins of Devotion: Blood Donation and Religious Experience in North India
7782:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
7755:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
7725:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
6436:
Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan; Hindustan), Jahangir (Emperor of (1999).
6274:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
5641:. Horizon Books (A Division of Ignited Minds Edutech P Ltd). p. 18.
5310:
3705:
3606:
3590:
3574:
3514:
3482:
3342:
3254:
states that Khatri made different Varna claims at different times in the
3174:
3110:
3067:
3007:
2824:
2782:
2778:
2562:
2032:
1974:
1942:
829:
609:
565:
317:
301:
231:
187:
149:
8850:
8826:
6885:
Across the Green Sea: Histories from the Western Indian Ocean, 1440-1640
6796:
The Ottoman and Mughal Empires: Social History in the Early Modern World
6385:
Human Rights Among Indian Populations: Knowledge, Awareness and Practice
4838:
Emperor of the Five Rivers: The Life and Times of Maharajah Ranjit Singh
4794:"e-Book: English - General Hari Singh Nalwa by Autar Singh Sindhu; Pure"
2877:
918:
674:
1849 photograph of Bikram Singh Bedi, a direct descendant of Guru Nanak.
12784:
12759:
12734:
12698:
12550:
12363:
12235:
11662:
11570:
11565:
11323:
11238:
11115:
11105:
10875:
10728:
10705:
10644:
10561:
9852:
9729:
9582:
9554:
8081:
Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action
5748:
Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory
5247:
4409:
Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action
3803:
3709:
3618:
3598:
3582:
3554:
3418:
3281:
2835:
2742:
2553:
1954:
849:
289:
285:
258:
219:
8064:. University of California Press-Berkeley and Los Angeles. p. 97.
6094:
12905:
12879:
12749:
12230:
12070:
12045:
12040:
11798:
11412:
11303:
11150:
10616:
10182:
10101:
10021:
9757:
9623:
3825:
3725:
3602:
3460:
3308:
3263:
3083:
2971:
2911:
2634:
2590:
2020:
1854:
1705:
1683:
737:
613:
597:
437:
422:
12303:
6325:
Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016).
5340:
Indian Culture: A Compendium of Indian History, Culture and Heritage
4171:
684:, traditionally said to be the autobiography of the last Sikh Guru,
12859:
12824:
12789:
12708:
12611:
12515:
12505:
12180:
12148:
12123:
12118:
11808:
11616:
11283:
11183:
11160:
11145:
11120:
11040:
11035:
11027:
10890:
10865:
10596:
10455:
10334:
10202:
10192:
10061:
10051:
10041:
9996:
9941:
9887:
9832:
9772:
9668:
9490:
8316:
Religious Understandings of a Good Death in Hospice Palliative Care
8312:
7915:"Cradle of Castes in Kashmir (From Medieval Period to Present Day)"
6978:
6150:. Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore. 1893–1894. p. 295.
6077:
5977:
Punjab District Gazetteers: Attock District Part A. With Maps, 1907
5547:
to be made for regarding it as the work of one of his followers..."
3837:
3796:
3693:
3660:
3656:
3594:
3550:
3476:
3444:
3390:
3274:
3063:
3055:
2846:
2820:
2770:
2691:
2603:
2534:
2513:
1890:
1842:
1780:
1741:
1679:
853:
698:
449:
410:
270:
246:
227:
145:
89:
66:
12657:
10385:
7553:
Post-Disaster Reconstruction and Change: Communities' Perspectives
6084:. Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore. pp. x (table IX).
507:
and Louis Fenech, Khatri is a Punjabi form of the word Kshatriya.
12869:
12764:
12641:
12586:
12530:
12500:
12495:
12465:
12409:
12220:
12170:
12165:
12108:
12088:
12065:
12005:
11965:
11909:
11874:
11782:
11737:
11722:
11692:
11540:
11504:
11439:
11125:
11095:
11012:
10997:
10987:
10926:
10860:
10830:
10756:
10724:
10658:
10556:
10425:
10303:
10187:
10031:
9976:
9936:
9807:
9683:
9633:
9587:
9498:
8655:
classified amongst vaishyas. Nor are they part of the Kshatriyas.
7057:. Internet Archive. New York, Asia Pub. House. pp. 137–138.
6982:
5366:"Early Sanskritization Origins and Development of the Kuru State"
3689:
3681:
3570:
3468:
3436:
3398:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3301:
3293:
3267:
3182:
3138:
3071:
3059:
2931:
2766:
2754:
2652:
2642:
2538:
2490:
2420:
2389:
2247:
2123:
2107:
2079:
1898:
1838:
1800:
1667:
868:
828:
as a different caste. During 1931, Khatris were prominent in the
786:
772:
749:
741:
718:
638:
622:
581:
430:
281:
183:
179:
70:
20:
7550:
Jennifer E. Duyne Barenstein; Esther Leemann (29 October 2012).
2620:
2533:
in Benaras. When the first caravan of Muslim weavers arrived in
729:ਖਤ੍ਰੀ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਸੂਦ ਵੈਸ ਉਪਦੇਸੁ ਚਹੁ ਵਰਨਾ ਕਉ ਸਾਝਾ ॥ (SGGS, ang 747)
456:. Certain Sanskrit words have very close counterparts, such as:
234:. The Khatris claim they are warriors who took to trade. In the
12915:
12884:
12854:
12819:
12774:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12581:
12525:
12434:
12419:
12399:
12368:
12353:
12348:
12287:
12225:
12210:
12190:
12113:
12055:
12050:
11975:
11970:
11944:
11899:
11884:
11879:
11838:
11823:
11762:
11732:
11727:
11717:
11707:
11702:
11667:
11647:
11621:
11550:
11499:
11397:
11374:
11348:
11130:
11100:
11050:
11045:
11022:
11017:
10977:
10972:
10950:
10935:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10880:
10870:
10840:
10835:
10820:
10761:
10700:
10690:
10649:
10621:
10611:
10591:
10586:
10546:
10541:
10523:
10369:
10354:
10349:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10245:
10230:
10222:
10154:
10139:
10111:
10086:
10076:
10066:
10036:
10016:
10001:
9991:
9986:
9971:
9966:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9910:
9902:
9842:
9837:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9752:
9737:
9719:
9701:
9658:
9643:
9638:
9628:
9524:
9506:
9436:
8491:
6081:
Gazetteers of Dera Ghazi Khan District: Revised Edition 1893-97
4762:"The culture and politics of Persian in pre-colonial Hindustan"
4233:
3833:
3829:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3748:
3721:
3717:
3581:
symbols such as snakes and trees used to be common among them.
3562:
3307:
While some historians agree with the claim of Khatris to be of
3170:
3075:
2987:
2967:
2939:
2858:
2854:
2842:
in his campaign for Sikh self-government in the Punjab plains.
2812:
2808:
2774:
2762:
2758:
2474:
2435:
2397:
2365:
2333:
2325:
2279:
2271:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2183:
2143:
2095:
2008:
1930:
1914:
1894:
1866:
1826:
1792:
1784:
1772:
1756:
1729:
911:
899:
864:
837:
818:
790:
745:
642:
617:
601:
337:
329:
254:
242:
215:
159:
123:
93:
81:
7518:
6932:
Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
6118:. Calcutta, Superintendent of Government Printing. p. 32.
5980:. Lahore, Civil and Military Gazetteers Press. pp. 96–97.
5315:. New Delhi: M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 9–11.
4891:
Where are you from?: Middle-class migrants in the modern world
2831:. He was arrested after the Siege of Multan and put to death.
537:", meaning "a caste of Hindu weavers", derives from Sanskrit "
12779:
12739:
12688:
12601:
12596:
12540:
12510:
12490:
12485:
12439:
12429:
12292:
12263:
12103:
12093:
12015:
12010:
11990:
11949:
11924:
11818:
11767:
11742:
11687:
11677:
11626:
11560:
11545:
11402:
11293:
11243:
11223:
11208:
11155:
11140:
11060:
10992:
10982:
10962:
10720:
10662:
10566:
10359:
10344:
10329:
10324:
10308:
10240:
10164:
10159:
10126:
10121:
10106:
10056:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9847:
9742:
9714:
9544:
9516:
9486:
8057:
5826:"Census of India, 1931, Vol. IV Baluchistan Parts I & II"
4817:
Singh, Gulcharan (October 1976), "General Hari Singh Nalwa",
4766:
Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia
4229:
3821:
3815:
3792:
3752:
3640:
3628:
3578:
3566:
3546:
3486:
3472:
3422:
3405:
3352:
3297:
3289:
3102:
2975:
2935:
2918:
were the leading "Hindu weaving castes" who owned 43% of the
2750:
2482:
2470:
2369:
2357:
2305:
2293:
2283:
2263:
2203:
2099:
2063:
2043:
2028:
2024:
1818:
1796:
1737:
1694:
1663:
926:
922:
825:
703:
480:
is also seen, in the context of Hindi. Hence the change from
406:
363:
309:
297:
296:
was a Bhalla Khatri. The fourth through tenth gurus were all
223:
211:
167:
163:
141:
103:
9271:
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland
8975:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 67–72, 149–150.
7376:
Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasths of Hyderabad
6328:
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland
5448:
The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550-1900
5418:
The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550–1900
4178:. Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune.
3113:. Many moved to the city for better economic opportunities.
12729:
12606:
12394:
11859:
11772:
11682:
11652:
11525:
10957:
10751:
10666:
10460:
10280:
10197:
9981:
9882:
9777:
9567:
4598:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4077:. Vol. 16. the University of Michigan. pp. 56–58.
3923:
The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and its Trade 1550-1900
3756:
3525:
publication that gave a Brahminic opinion of this attempt:
3491:
2983:
2979:
2919:
2656:
2016:
1870:
1822:
1678:
Historically, Khatris were divided into various hierarchal
693:
659:
445:
127:
6111:
3896:
Dīwānā, Mohana Siṅgha Ubarāi; Uberoi, Mohan Singh (1971).
3759:
and the community comprises both Hindus and Sikhs. As per
2721:'s army was composed of majorly Jats followed by Khatris.
12389:
12081:
8939:
Hertel, Bradley R.; Humes, Cynthia Ann (1 January 1993).
6011:
Census of India, 1931. Vol. XVII: Punjab. Part II: Tables
5519:
The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
4893:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 222.
3622:
2910:
who would serve as Prime Minister of the State twice. In
2408:
1982:
9197:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
8670:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
8639:
Social Change and Development in Medieval Indian History
8609:
Pechilis, Karen; Singh, Pashaura; Raj, Selva J. (2013).
8286:
Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (21 September 2010).
7403:
The Last Nizam: The Life and Times of Mir Osman Ali Khan
6412:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
5611:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
4997:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "Champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
4514:
3806:
who all recruit the Saraswat Brahmins as their priests.
3728:
trooper riding out of the royal camp armed with a sword
8262:
The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations
7543:
6439:
The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India
5638:
THEORY OF INDIAN DIASPORA: DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL MIGRATION
4023:. Vol. 4. Oxford University. Press. p. 3285.
3902:. Sadasiva Prakashan; selling agents, Bharat Prakashan.
3704:
Khatris are mentioned in a popular Punjabi literature "
3054:
respectively. They have also co-founded companies like
2529:
According to scholars, the Khatri Hindus dominated the
8495:
Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab
7995:
5773:"Blame caste for Pakistan's violent streak, not faith"
4865:
Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab
4530:
Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime
3948:"Blame caste for Pakistan's violent streak, not faith"
3732:— Waris Shah (Translated by Charles Frederick Usborne)
2729:, an independent 18th century Sikh sovereign state in
817:
visited India during the 1600s where he commented "At
389:
have won India's highest wartime gallantry award, the
9382:
Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi folk music
9183:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 149–150.
8027:
K. S. Singh; Anthropological Survey of India (1998).
7519:
Edward A. Alpers; Chhaya Goswami (12 February 2019).
7430:
Traditional Industry in the Economy of Colonial India
6638:
6544:
6060:
6024:
5336:
4568:
K. S. Singh; Anthropological Survey of India (1998).
3451:
3219:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
2670:(1407–1523) was a medieval Muslim dynasty founded by
8750:
8528:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
8020:
7939:
Gigoo, Siddhartha; Sharma, Varad (18 October 2016).
6707:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
6674:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
6532:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
6160:
5973:
5234:
A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages
4947:
Removing Peoples: Forced Removal in the Modern World
3755:
region. The name is derived from their native place
3699:
3258:
before Independence. In 1911, they did not make any
12898:
8693:
8558:
Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement
8487:
8485:
7839:
At Home with Democracy: A Theory of Indian Politics
7512:
7098:
6492:
6442:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.
5673:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 19–20.
5254:. State University of New York Press. p. 179.
4340:
Caravans: Punjabi Khatri Merchants on the Silk Road
3517:, Brahmins showed resentment in the attempt by the
733:
Khatri brahman sud vais updesu cahu varna ku sanjha
304:, many Khatris formed the military vanguard of the
273:took readily to learning Persian from the times of
9247:. Translated by Usborne, Charles Frederick. Rupa.
8942:Living Banaras: Hindu Religion in Cultural Context
8074:
6435:
6361:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 84, 266.
6324:
5472:Datar, Dr. Kiran (April 1986). Ganda Singh (ed.).
5248:John Stratton Hawley; Gurinder Singh Mann (1993).
5190:Dalit Chintan ka Vikas Abhishapt Chintan se Itihas
4592:
4402:
4043:
253:language deriving from a standardised form of the
9077:. Oxford University Press. pp. 42, 47, 184.
8863:
8746:
8744:
8687:
8521:
8519:
8343:Religion and Identity in the South Asian Diaspora
8238:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 152–153.
7426:
7325:. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 122–123.
6358:Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set
6301:Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set
6025:Census of India, 1931, Gul Muhammad Khan (1934).
5718:Guardians of the North-West Frontier: The Pathans
5089:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 7–8.
4398:
4396:
3766:
3145:. Many of these Khatris had to face the brunt of
2938:weavers purchased imported yarn in the 1840s. In
2815:, after helping conquer the region while his son
587:
245:and traders during the medieval period, with the
12932:
9039:
8608:
8498:. University of California Press. pp. 4–5.
8482:
8464:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 328–329.
8140:
8138:
6768:. Cambridge University Press. 2012. p. 31.
6710:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 132–133.
6007:
5522:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 190–191.
5103:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (11 June 2014).
4755:
4753:
4167:
4165:
3990:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (11 June 2014).
3976:The Siraiki Language: Its Growth and Development
3836:was deserted (possibly by the Muslim invasion),
3824:that resides in the mountainous terrains of the
3643:caste. Bhapa translates to elder brother in the
702:). Similarly, according to the same legend, the
633:states that most of the 10,000 (as estimated by
616:". According to Kiran Datar, they often married
604:during the late 17th century and, in the 1830s,
7836:D.L. Sheth (2018). Peter Ronald deSouza (ed.).
7674:. University of California Press. p. 136.
7346:Patel, Alka; Leonard, Karen (7 December 2011).
7013:
6632:
5581:Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (22 February 2011).
5515:
5204:Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, Gobind Singh (1995).
5203:
4868:. University of California Press. p. 176.
4768:. University of California Press. p. 163.
4561:
4172:Irawati Karve; Vishnu Mahadeo Dandekar (1951).
3435:, was responsible for the aspirations of these
3132:
8741:
8635:
8516:
8373:. University of California Press. p. 18.
8181:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 261.
7805:
7612:
7285:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3, 30–31.
6792:
6643:. In Milad Milani; Vassilios Adrahtas (eds.).
6608:
6551:Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora
6529:
6511:
6331:. Oxford University Press. pp. 111, 501.
6115:Imperial Gazetteer of India: Kashmir and Jammu
5873:"Census of India, Part 2, Volume XVII, Punjab"
5751:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 43–45.
5492:Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600-1750
5475:The Punjab Past and Present - Volume 20 Part 1
4941:
4668:
4393:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4141:. Haryana Gazetteers Organization. p. 42.
3771:According to Claude Markovits, castes such as
3421:in the late 19th century Punjab came from the
3376:were leaning towards accepting this claim but
556:mentions that the modern descendants of these
12319:
11455:
10401:
9463:
8888:The Sikh Next Door: An Identity in Transition
8629:
8420:
8340:Rai, Rajesh; Sankaran, Chitra (5 July 2017).
8285:
8259:Clarke, Peter B.; Beyer, Peter (7 May 2009).
8144:
8135:
8107:
7487:
7460:The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now
7231:, Oxford University Press, pp. 216–234,
6602:
6549:. In Joya Chatterji; David Washbrook (eds.).
6538:
6497:. Gandhian Institute of Studies. p. 18.
6218:
6147:Gazetteers of the Rawalpindi District 1893-94
4862:Jones, Kenneth W.; Jones, Kenneth W. (1976).
4759:
4750:
4662:
4239:
4162:
3966:
785:I am the son of a Chhatri (Khatri), not of a
529:", meaning "warrior", derives from Sanskrit "
9324:
8857:
7989:
7866:
7579:
7433:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 93–.
7420:
7345:
6878:
6577:
6095:Government of North-West Frontier Province.
6078:Diack, A H (Punjab Government) (1893–1897).
5686:
5251:Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America
5102:
4532:. Oxford University Press. pp. 41, 154.
4074:The India Magazine of Her People and Culture
4070:
3989:
3895:
2834:Purnima Dhawan described that together with
852:. In NWFP, the Khatris were found mainly in
721:, Khatri is mentioned as one among the four
9331:. Oxford University Press. pp. 73–74.
8938:
8918:. University of Toronto Press. p. 12.
8727:. Cambridge University Press. p. 385.
8700:. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–60.
8530:. Cambridge University Press. p. 131.
8457:
8339:
8258:
7938:
7573:
7481:
7305:
7023:Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries
6935:. Cambridge University Press. p. 120.
6909:Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries
6676:. Cambridge University Press. p. 131.
6615:. Cambridge University Press. p. 200.
6571:
6495:Banaras Brocades: Structure and Functioning
6462:
6041:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5288:. Oxford University Press. pp. 36–37.
4628:
4357:
3262:claim, while in 1921 they made a claimed a
2914:, around the mid-20th century, Khatris and
12326:
12312:
11462:
11448:
10408:
10394:
9470:
9456:
9301:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47.
8985:
8612:South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today
8492:Kenneth W. Jones; Kenneth W.Jones (1976).
8205:Religious Movements in South Asia 600-1800
8174:
7835:
7450:
6817:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6547:"Scribal migrations in early modern India"
6534:. Cambridge University Press. p. 132.
5394:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 43.
5277:
5275:
5207:Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture
5160:
5019:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4861:
4506:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4175:Anthropometric Measurements of Mahārāṣhṭra
4134:
4016:
2686:According to historians Roger Ballard and
2586:possibly even before the Mughals arrived.
369:Khatris have played an active role in the
9294:
8964:
8962:
8554:
8151:. Rutgers University Press. p. 203.
8033:. Oxford University Press. p. 1728.
7964:
7962:
7778:
7751:
7721:
7456:
7237:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.003.0014
7172:The Campaigns of General Hari Singh Nalwa
7146:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199756551.001.0001
7044:
6965:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
6888:. University of Texas Press. p. 60.
6823:
6641:"The limits of Islamic civility in India"
6486:
6270:
6228:
6014:. Government of Punjab. pp. 283–292.
5956:
5804:. Stanford University Press. p. 48.
5550:
5489:Dale, Stephen Frederic (15 August 2002).
5051:
4926:. India: M.N Publishers and Distributors.
4574:. Oxford University Press. p. 1730.
4527:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4379:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 21, 86, 115.
3621:were Khatris but later a large number of
3239:Learn how and when to remove this message
9320:
9318:
9153:Sikhs in the Deccan and North-East India
8208:. Oxford University Press. p. 321.
8201:
7892:
7616:The Economic History of India, 1857–2010
7078:. SAGE Publications India. p. 199.
7060:glorify royalty, it is obviously a fake.
6699:
6697:
6131:Gazetteer of the Jhelam District 1883-84
5740:
5738:
5691:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 67.
5193:(in Hindi). Vani Prakashan. p. 243.
5161:Hardy; Hardy, Thomas (7 December 1972).
5098:
5096:
5078:
5076:
5074:
4949:. Oxford University Press. p. 324.
4937:
4935:
4933:
3266:status but later in 1931 they claimed a
3215:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2993:
2962:In the early 19th century, the Khatris,
2876:
2869:, but independent from the Mughal rule.
2702:
2619:
2552:
932:
917:
905:
755:
669:
637:) Indian merchants and money-lenders in
373:since 1947, with many heading it as the
9274:. Oxford University Press. p. 78.
9150:Singh, Birinder Pal (12 January 2018).
8581:
8453:
8451:
8077:"The social significance of Radhasoami"
7747:
7745:
7619:. Oxford University Press. p. 44.
7427:Tirthankar Roy; Roy (4 November 1999).
7372:
6989:
6958:
6928:
6724:
6523:
6456:
6174:
6172:
5710:
5708:
5682:
5680:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5440:
5438:
5272:
5210:. Vikas Publishing House. p. 264.
5136:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 539–540.
4732:. Oxford University Press. p. 10.
4405:"The social significance of Radhasoami"
4198:The Last Great Plague of Colonial India
2872:
2745:, became the Commander-in-chief of the
12933:
9378:
9351:
9070:
9043:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765
9012:
8959:
8911:
8781:
8754:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
8642:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 43.
8525:
8414:
8366:
8231:
8227:
8225:
8058:Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas (1967).
7968:
7959:
7912:
7779:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
7752:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
7722:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
7667:
7494:. Academic Foundation. pp. 176–.
7278:
7225:"Constitutional Reforms and the Sikhs"
7195:
7168:
7133:
7051:Misra, S. C. (Satish Chandra) (1963).
6799:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 254.
6703:
6671:
6388:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 121.
6350:
6348:
6271:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
6056:
6054:
6052:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5952:
5797:
5714:
5687:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W.H (2014).
5363:
5281:
5230:
5036:
5032:
5030:
4834:
4698:
4599:John Gillow; Nicholas Barnard (2008).
4542:
4475:India in the Persianate age, 1000-1765
4429:
4372:
4259:
4191:
3979:. Dderawar Publications. pp. 6–7.
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3891:
3889:
3737:
2845:In the 1830s, Khatris were working as
1759:) is also added which forms this unit
241:Khatris of Punjab, specifically, were
12333:
12307:
11443:
10389:
9451:
9405:
9315:
9193:
9149:
9123:
9097:
8885:Singh, Manpreet J. (31 August 2020).
8884:
8824:
8799:
8720:
8666:
8555:Farhadian, Charles E. (9 June 2015).
8393:
8075:Mark Juergensmayer (1 January 1995).
7639:
7223:Singh, Khushwant (18 November 2004),
7222:
7071:
7050:
6853:
6694:
6645:Islam, Civility and Political Culture
6505:
6408:
6381:
6354:
6297:
6243:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5735:
5634:
5607:
5580:
5471:
5129:
5093:
5071:
4994:
4969:
4930:
4471:
4467:
4465:
4403:Mark Juergensmayer (1 January 1995).
4306:
4151:
4087:
3972:
3439:castes from Punjab to higher status:
340:after wrestling it from the Afghans.
292:was a Trehan Khatri. The third guru,
9267:
9237:
9220:
9176:
9170:
9124:Kumar, Dharminder (3 January 2016).
8968:
8831:India International Centre Quarterly
8448:
8232:Mooney, Nicola (17 September 2011).
7742:
7694:
7613:Tirthankar Roy (10 September 2020).
7589:. British Museum Press. p. 11.
7399:
7320:
7314:
7134:Dhavan, Purnima (22 November 2011).
7102:Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity
7019:
6905:
6735:
6516:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors.
6197:
6169:
5870:
5851:"Report, Part 1 Volume XVII, Punjab"
5791:
5744:
5705:
5677:
5666:
5655:
5488:
5444:
5435:
5414:
5389:
5308:
5082:
4921:
4725:
4617:KHATRI A caste of professional dyers
4605:. Thames & Hudson. p. 222.
4336:
4321:10.1093/acref/9780191831874.001.0001
3919:
3417:Majority of the male members of the
3192:
3013:
2541:from them, soon came to be known as
1673:
910:Photograph of a Hindu Khatri man of
760:Photograph of a Hindu Khatri man of
558:Kathaiois, Khathrois & Khatriaoi
324:commanded the Sikh Army against the
265:literate elite such as the Khatris,
10415:
9180:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
8992:. Cosmo Publications. p. 124.
8986:Nayar, V. G.; Nayar, M. G. (2001).
8972:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
8870:. Popular Book Depot. p. 191.
8789:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 279.
8400:. Infobase Publishing. p. 22.
8394:Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (2004).
8222:
7893:Lawrence, Sir Walter Roper (1895).
6647:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 121.
6514:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
6345:
6112:Walter Lawrence, J.L. Kaye (1909).
6049:
5984:
5670:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
5614:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 329.
5509:
5408:
5370:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
5312:The Khatris, a socio-cultural study
5086:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
5027:
4924:The Khatris, a socio cultural study
4915:
4888:
4545:Oxford Handbook of the Mughal World
4138:Haryana District Gazetteers: Ambala
3906:
3886:
3534:
3401:, to accept cooked food from them.
2557:Mehtab Chand of Burdwan, c. 1860-65
2507:
808:
13:
11469:
11429:Genetic studies on Gujarati people
9295:Markovits, Claude (22 June 2000).
9224:The Adventures of Hir & Ranjha
9200:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 98.
8673:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 97.
8427:. University of California Press.
8114:. University of California Press.
7867:Manvir Saini (25 September 2018).
7586:Embroidery from India and Pakistan
7349:Indo-Muslim Cultures in Transition
7196:Kapūra, Prithīpāla Siṅgha (1993).
7169:Naīara, Gurabacana Siṅgha (1995).
6981:in northwestern India (modern-day
6415:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 21.
5929:
5635:Tyagi, Dr Madhu (1 January 2017).
4726:King, Christopher Rolland (1999).
4462:
3509:Historian Vijaya Gupchup from the
3498:in India began to call themselves
3452:Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra
3393:as well as the willingness of the
1653:
574:Sanskritization of the Kuru State"
541:", meaning "carver, distributor".
288:, a Bedi Khatri. The second guru,
14:
12987:
12966:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan
9429:
8912:Mooney, Nicola (1 January 2011).
8721:Bayly, Susan (22 February 2001).
8367:Renard, John (31 December 2012).
6742:. I. B. Tauris. pp. 35, 39.
6203:
5798:Hanifi, Shah (11 February 2011).
4974:. India: Readomania. p. 24.
4835:Sheikh, Mohamed (17 March 2017).
4646:10.1163/ej.9789004176539.i-490.71
4254:10.1163/2589-2118_beso_com_031682
4192:Sarkar, Natasha (19 April 2024),
4094:Contributions to Indian Sociology
3700:Literature and in popular culture
3671:
2741:(1791–1837) an Uppal Khatri from
9435:
9412:. Indus Publishing. p. 29.
9399:
9372:
9345:
9288:
9261:
9231:
9214:
9194:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
9187:
9143:
9117:
9091:
9064:
9033:
9006:
8979:
8932:
8905:
8878:
8867:Bombay: Social Change, 1813-1857
8818:
8793:
8775:
8714:
8667:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
8660:
8602:
8575:
8548:
8387:
8360:
8333:
8306:
8279:
8252:
8195:
8168:
8101:
8068:
8051:
7975:. Indus Publishing. p. 64.
7932:
7906:
7886:
7860:
7829:
7799:
7772:
7715:
7688:
7661:
7633:
7606:
7393:
7366:
7339:
7299:
7272:
7259:
7216:
7199:Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa
7189:
7162:
7127:
7092:
7065:
6952:
6872:
6847:
6786:
6756:
6665:
6409:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
6244:Singh, Pashaura (10 July 2006).
5689:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
5608:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
5106:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
5052:Dasa, Syamasundara (1965–1975).
4528:Oldenburg, Veena Talwar (2002).
4343:. Portfolio Penguin. p. 4.
3993:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
3872:
3539:
3479:is appreciably high among them.
3197:
2970:were the main trading castes in
2881:Maharaja Kishen Pershad, c. 1915
789:and I will live according to my
665:
548:
362:are predominantly of Khatri and
308:and its administrative class as
43:
9241:The Adventure of Hir and Ranjha
8582:Jeffrey, Robin (27 July 2016).
7996:Gordon Townsend Bowles (1977).
7463:. Routledge. pp. 126–127.
7373:Leonard, Karen Isaksen (1994).
6929:Kapadia, Aparna (16 May 2018).
6830:. Notion Press. pp. 147–.
6429:
6402:
6375:
6318:
6291:
6264:
6237:
6212:
6154:
6138:
6122:
6105:
6098:Hazara District Gazetteers 1907
6088:
6071:
6018:
5967:
5904:
5879:
5864:
5843:
5818:
5765:
5628:
5601:
5574:
5540:
5482:
5465:
5383:
5357:
5330:
5302:
5241:
5224:
5197:
5181:
5154:
5123:
5045:
4988:
4963:
4882:
4855:
4828:
4811:
4786:
4719:
4705:. Scarecrow Press. p. 82.
4692:
4622:
4536:
4472:Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2019).
4185:
4145:
4128:
3612:
3300:varnas. Jacob Copeman writes "
3188:
2749:. He led the Sikh conquests of
2606:followers of the rebel leader,
863:Arora-Khatris were centered in
834:North-Western Frontier Province
803:
222:that is predominantly found in
12961:Social groups of Punjab, India
9358:. Sindhi Academy. p. 61.
9098:Singh, Pukhraj (31 May 2014).
9019:. Hemkunt Press. p. 125.
8989:Sociology of Religion in India
8757:. Primus Books. pp. 98–.
8079:. In David N. Lorenzen (ed.).
7913:Sheikh, Tariq (January 2019).
7701:. Trentham Books. p. 71.
7072:Singh, Rishi (23 April 2015).
6639:Prashant Keshavmurthy (2020).
6067:. pp. Part 2: Table XIII.
6061:Lehna Singh, R B Bhai (1922).
5495:. Cambridge University Press.
4889:Raj, Dhooleka Sarhadi (2003).
4699:McLeod, W. H. (24 July 2009).
4675:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 164–.
4478:. UK. pp. 349, 347, 381.
4407:. In David N. Lorenzen (ed.).
4373:McLeod, W. H. (24 July 2009).
4246:Encyclopedia of Sikhism Online
4210:10.1093/9780191986406.003.0012
4158:. Asia Pub. House. p. 97.
4152:Misra, Satish Chandra (1964).
4081:
4064:
4037:
4010:
3983:
3940:
3767:Lohana, Bhatia, and Bhanushali
3684:Khatris are commonly known as
3635:of modern-day Pakistan during
3585:upon the flame while reciting
3164:
2712:
2681:
706:sub-caste claims descent from
588:Trans-regional trading history
533:", whereas the Gujarati word "
347:after being raised as Sikhs.
1:
11485:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
9385:. APH Publishing. p. 9.
9325:Schaflechner, Jürgen (2018).
9227:. Lion Art Press. p. 41.
9046:. Penguin. pp. 168–169.
8751:Christophe Jaffrelot (2010).
8061:Social Change in Modern India
7812:. Penguin Books. p. 28.
7809:The Great Indian Middle class
7457:A.M. Shah (6 December 2012).
7310:. Sujata Sarkar. p. 210.
6858:. Brill. pp. 26–28, 31.
6553:. Routledge. pp. 97–98.
6355:Hanks, Patrick (8 May 2003).
6298:Hanks, Patrick (8 May 2003).
6161:Government of Punjab (1936).
5974:Government of Punjab (1909).
5231:Turner, Ralph Lilley (1985).
4629:Subramaniam, Lakshmi (2009).
3865:
3639:, specifically of Khatri and
3549:were common in the cities of
3123:Maharishi Dayanand University
472:(ikha). The substituition of
8694:Jürgen Schaflechner (2018).
7556:. CRC Press. pp. 286–.
7525:. OUP India. pp. 176–.
7306:Nirad Baran, Sarkar (1999).
6493:Badri Prasad Pandey (1981).
5445:Levi, Scott Cameron (2002).
5415:Levi, Scott Cameron (2002).
5167:. CUP Archive. p. 279.
5164:The Muslims of British India
5109:. Rowman & Littlefield.
5037:Bansal, Bobby Singh (2015).
4945:; B. Haake, Claudia (2009).
4764:. In Sheldon Pollock (ed.).
4337:Levi, Scott Cameron (2016).
4313:A Dictionary of Sikh Studies
3996:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3920:Levi, Scott Cameron (2002).
3133:Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh
3097:
2957:
2925:
2898:A Peshkari Khatri family in
2893:
1708:which had split up from the
396:
7:
9126:"The Sardar Joke Is On You"
9016:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism
8804:. OUP India. p. 1728.
8319:. SUNY Press. p. 214.
8202:Lorenzen, David N. (2005).
7140:. Oxford University Press.
6827:Woven Wonders of the Deccan
6736:Syan, Hardip Singh (2013).
6250:. Oxford University Press.
5871:Khan, Ahmad Hassan (1933).
4638:How India Clothed the World
4315:. Oxford University Press.
4044:Christine Everaert (1996).
3843:
3362:
2885:
2290:Others (including Sareens)
717:, the primary scripture of
436:(ख), as per the grammarian
249:script used in writing the
10:
12992:
12971:Social groups of Rajasthan
12342:Hindu and Jain communities
12082:Immigrant Jain communities
8864:Vijaya V. Gupchup (1993).
8615:. Routledge. p. 239.
8346:. Routledge. p. 104.
8292:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2013.
8175:Westerlund, David (1996).
8083:. SUNY Press. p. 86.
7671:Punjabi Century, 1857-1947
7137:When Sparrows Became Hawks
6584:. Routledge. p. 142.
6545:Rosalind O'Hanlon (2014).
5133:State and Society in India
4411:. SUNY Press. p. 86.
4106:10.1177/006996679603000105
3496:Other Backward Class (OBC)
3147:1990 Kashmiri Hindu Exodus
3116:
2628:
2524:
771:, said the following in a
352:Partition of British India
25:
18:
12802:
12722:
12681:
12650:
12559:
12458:
12382:
12341:
12246:
12136:
12028:
11958:
11852:
11791:
11640:
11604:
11513:
11477:
11421:
11383:
11357:
11337:
11069:
10924:
10801:
10770:
10742:
10676:
10630:
10499:
10423:
10317:
10294:
10221:
10173:
9919:
9901:
9728:
9700:
9682:
9614:
9596:
9553:
9515:
9497:
9040:Richard M. Eaton (2019).
8891:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
8002:. Scribner. p. 173.
7945:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
6996:. S. Chand. p. 245.
6993:History of Medieval India
6854:Nadri, Ghulam A. (2009).
6472:Journal of Indian Studies
6463:Parvez Alam (July 2017).
6008:Khan Ahmad Hasan (1931).
5587:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4970:Singh, Inderjeet (2019).
4841:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4445:. Routledge. p. 96.
4088:Hesse, Klaus (May 1996).
3855:Roman Catholic Kshatriyas
3716:Heer's beauty slays rich
2781:, up to the mouth of the
2723:Sardar Gulab Singh Khatri
2572:
2548:
2545:or 'fine cloth weavers'.
1701:bunjayee or bavanjah ghar
1215:Punjab (East & West)
798:Translated by Vanit Nalwa
752:all have the same mandate
710:, the other son of Rama.
696:(according to Hindu epic
280:In the 15th century, the
155:
137:
76:
62:
42:
37:
12383:Agricultural communities
11514:Agricultural communities
10678:Agricultural communities
9406:Hāṇḍā, Omacanda (2005).
9379:Sharma, Manorma (1998).
9352:Thakur, Upendra (1997).
9177:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
9156:. Taylor & Francis.
9071:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
8969:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
8588:. Springer. p. 52.
8526:McLane, John R. (2002).
7668:Tandon, Prakash (1968).
7400:Bawa, Basant K. (1992).
7279:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
7267:Britain's Forgotten Wars
6959:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
6704:McLane, John R. (2002).
6672:McLane, John R. (2002).
6206:"A tale of three cities"
5667:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
5584:Sikhism: An Introduction
5516:Stephen F. Dale (2009).
5364:Witzel, Michael (1995).
5309:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
5282:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
5083:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
4922:Puri, Baij Nath (1998).
4547:. Oxford Library Press.
4543:Dhawan, Purnima (2020).
4307:Singh, Pashaura (2019).
3809:
3742:
2624:A Gujarati Khatri weaver
1682:sections. This includes
1124:Dir, Chitral & Swat
662:and India at that time.
572:, writing in his paper "
19:Not to be confused with
12651:Genealogist communities
9100:"Bluestar Baby Boomers"
8802:India's Communities A-G
8636:Satish Chandra (2008).
7969:Minhas, Poonam (1998).
7806:Pavan K. Varma (2007).
6793:Suraiya Faroqh (2019).
6609:Hendrik Spruyt (2020).
6530:John R. McLane (1993).
6512:Baij Nath Puri (1988).
5745:Oonk, Gijsbert (2007).
5392:Global Indian diasporas
5390:Oonk, Gijsbert (2007).
4972:Afghan Hindus and Sikhs
4672:Arabian Seas, 1700-1763
4669:R. J. Barendse (2009).
4202:Oxford University Press
3676:According to Historian
3597:respectively. Sects of
2819:, (1814-1851) the last
2807:served as governors of
1767:Including the above 4,
1751:Including the above 3,
51:Kitab-i Tasrih al-Aqvam
12459:Mercantile communities
11814:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
11605:Mercantile communities
10846:Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya
10826:Gurjar Kshatriya Kadia
10632:Mercantile communities
10481:Sidhra-Rudhra Brahmins
9268:Hans, Patrick (2016).
9013:Singha, H. S. (2000).
8421:Anand A. Yang (1989).
8145:Jacob Copeman (2009).
8108:Anand A. Yang (1989).
7842:. Palgrave Macmillan.
7488:Makrand Mehta (1991).
7323:The Coins of the Sikhs
7229:A History of the Sikhs
7175:. Punjabi University.
7026:. BRILL. p. 143.
6912:. BRILL. p. 143.
6382:Gupta, Shilpy (2009).
5715:Singer, André (1982).
5451:. Brill. p. 108.
4760:Muzzafar Alam (2003).
4240:H. Singh Syan (2017).
4200:(1 ed.), Oxford:
4050:. BRILL. p. 259.
3926:. Brill. p. 107.
3735:
3647:dialect spoken around
3532:
3449:
2952:"block printing cloth"
2904:Maharaja Kishen Prasad
2882:
2849:in the districts like
2805:Diwan Sawan Mal Chopra
2709:
2625:
2595:widows to be remarried
2558:
938:
930:
915:
871:regions of Punjab and
801:
765:
754:
675:
312:of all the provinces.
12156:Maharashtrian Muslims
11612:Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
9221:Shāh, Vāris̲ (1966).
8825:Malik, Ashok (2010).
7896:The Valley of Kashmir
7321:Hans, Herrli (2004).
7111:10.4324/9781315028583
6578:Burjor Avari (2013).
6223:. Sage. p. 312.
5130:Desai, A. R. (1975).
4995:Nalwa, Vanit (2009).
4702:The A to Z of Sikhism
4376:The A to Z of Sikhism
4260:Bowker, John (2003).
4071:A. H. Advani (1995).
3973:Wagha, Ahsan (1990).
3714:
3527:
3459:described Khatris of
3441:
3284:, the Khatris in the
2994:Culture and lifestyle
2880:
2799:Wazir Fateh Khan and
2719:Maharaja Ranjit Singh
2706:
2639:Panch Mahals District
2623:
2617:, they dominated it.
2556:
2516:in his autobiography
1662:, Khatris arrived in
936:
921:
909:
777:
759:
727:
673:
518:Dr. Dharamvir Bharati
429:(क्ष) turns into the
206:originating from the
12899:Musician communities
12865:Shaikhs of Rajasthan
10744:Pastoral communities
9444:at Wikimedia Commons
9238:Shah, Waris (2003).
8458:Susan Bayly (2001).
7695:Rait, S. K. (2005).
7379:. Orient BlackSwan.
7265:Hernon, Ian (2002).
7202:. ABS Publications.
7020:Wink, André (1990).
6990:Mahajan, VD (2007).
6906:Wink, André (2003).
6880:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay
4242:"Khatrīs and Aroṛās"
4204:, pp. 219–222,
4020:People of India: A–G
3511:University of Mumbai
3502:Malik calls this as
3428:Christophe Jaffrelot
3208:factual accuracy is
3044:Ballarpur Industries
2873:British Colonial Era
525:, the Punjabi word "
452:as well as Farsi or
332:while those such as
300:Khatris. During the
26:For other uses, see
12560:Artisan communities
12276:Bombay East Indians
11959:Nomadic communities
11641:Artisan communities
10803:Artisan communities
10501:Warrior communities
8800:Singh, K.S (1998).
8030:India's Communities
7902:. pp. 296–302.
7645:India's Communities
7641:Singh, Kumar Suresh
7269:. Sutton Publishing
6219:Hardip Singh Syan.
5779:. 25 September 2016
5777:Times of India Blog
5721:. Time-Life Books.
5054:"Hindi sabdasagara"
4571:India's Communities
4135:Kiran Prem (1970).
4017:K.S. Singh (1998).
3954:. 25 September 2016
3738:Related communities
3724:, like a murderous
3720:and Khatris in the
3609:are also followed.
3433:Dayananda Saraswati
3030:with the groups of
2817:Diwan Mulraj Chopra
2803:Other Khatris like
2672:Zafar Khan Muzaffar
943:
903:of large villages."
612:and as far away as
596:locates Khatris in
562:S. Sasikanta Sastri
523:Ralph Lilley Turner
379:Admiral of the Navy
371:Indian Armed Forces
345:British Indian army
236:Indian subcontinent
49:Khatri nobleman in
16:Caste in South Asia
12803:Muslim communities
12723:Tribal communities
12682:Priest communities
12471:Khandelwal Vaishya
12271:Marathi Christians
12201:Muslim Chhaparband
12137:Muslim communities
11853:Tribal communities
11792:Priest communities
11279:Shaikhs of Gujarat
11259:Pathans of Gujarat
11072:Muslim communities
10927:Tribal communities
10841:Kumhar (Prajapati)
8783:Sharma, Dasharatha
8561:. Baker Academic.
7999:The People of Asia
7873:The Times of India
7785:. Hachette India.
7758:. Hachette India.
7728:. Hachette India.
6824:Moin Qazi (2014).
6277:. Hachette India.
6184:haryanascbc.gov.in
5957:Rose, H A (1902).
4439:Tom Brass (2016).
2883:
2801:Dost Mohammad Khan
2789:Dewan Mokham Chand
2710:
2661:East India Company
2626:
2559:
1498:Muzzafargarh dist
1432:Mianwali district
1410:Lyallpur district
970:Amritsar district
953:Total % pop.
941:
939:
931:
916:
766:
676:
653:(around 1300 AD).
12928:
12927:
12924:
12923:
12798:
12797:
12335:Rajasthani people
12301:
12300:
12259:Marathi Buddhists
12247:Other communities
12132:
12131:
12024:
12023:
11478:Hindu Communities
11437:
11436:
11385:Other communities
11289:Sayyid of Gujarat
10441:Audichya Brahmins
10383:
10382:
9710:Gurjara-Pratihara
9440:Media related to
9419:978-81-7387-174-0
9392:978-81-7024-912-2
9365:978-81-87096-02-3
9338:978-0-19-085052-4
9308:978-1-139-43127-9
9207:978-81-7304-785-5
9163:978-1-351-20105-6
9084:978-0-19987-717-1
9026:978-81-7010-301-1
8999:978-81-7755-151-8
8952:978-0-7914-1331-9
8925:978-0-8020-9257-1
8898:978-93-89165-58-6
8734:978-0-521-79842-6
8707:978-0-19-085052-4
8680:978-81-7304-785-5
8649:978-81-241-1386-8
8622:978-0-415-44851-2
8595:978-1-349-23410-3
8568:978-1-4412-4650-9
8537:978-0-521-52654-8
8505:978-0-520-02920-0
8407:978-1-4381-1779-9
8380:978-0-520-95408-3
8353:978-1-351-55159-5
8326:978-1-4384-4275-4
8299:978-1-59884-204-3
8272:978-1-135-21099-1
8245:978-1-4426-6268-1
8215:978-0-19-567876-5
8188:978-1-85065-241-0
8158:978-0-8135-4449-6
8090:978-0-7914-2025-6
8040:978-0-19-563354-2
8009:978-0-684-15625-5
7982:978-81-7387-080-4
7952:978-93-86250-25-4
7792:978-93-5195-280-0
7765:978-93-5195-280-0
7735:978-93-5195-280-0
7708:978-1-85856-353-4
7681:978-0-520-01253-0
7654:978-0-19-563354-2
7626:978-0-19-099203-3
7596:978-0-7141-2744-6
7563:978-1-4398-8817-9
7532:978-0-19-909613-8
7501:978-81-7188-017-1
7470:978-1-136-19770-3
7440:978-0-521-65012-0
7413:978-0-670-83997-1
7386:978-81-250-0032-7
7359:978-90-04-21887-1
7292:978-0-19987-717-1
7246:978-0-19-567309-8
7209:978-81-7072-056-0
7182:978-81-7380-141-9
7155:978-0-19-975655-1
7120:978-1-136-84627-4
7085:978-93-5150-504-4
7033:978-90-04-13561-1
6942:978-1-107-15331-8
6919:978-90-04-13561-1
6895:978-1-4773-2879-8
6865:978-90-04-17202-9
6837:978-93-83808-62-5
6749:978-1-78076-250-0
6717:978-0-521-52654-8
6683:978-0-521-52654-8
6449:978-0-19-512718-8
6422:978-81-7304-785-5
6395:978-81-212-1015-7
6368:978-0-19-508137-4
6338:978-0-19-252747-9
6311:978-0-19-508137-4
6284:978-93-5195-280-0
6257:978-0-19-908780-8
6165:. pp. 57–64.
5811:978-0-8047-7411-6
5758:978-90-5356-035-8
5728:978-0-7054-0702-1
5648:978-93-86369-37-6
5621:978-81-7304-785-5
5594:978-0-85773-549-2
5570:978-0-89389-116-9
5502:978-0-521-52597-8
5458:978-90-04-12320-5
5428:978-90-04-12320-5
5421:. Leiden: BRILL.
5401:978-90-5356-035-8
5350:978-1-63806-511-1
5295:978-0-19987-717-1
5217:978-0-7069-8368-5
5174:978-0-521-09783-3
5143:978-81-7154-013-6
5116:978-1-4422-3601-1
5058:dsal.uchicago.edu
5041:. Hay House, Inc.
5006:978-81-7304-785-5
4981:978-93-858543-8-5
4900:978-0-520-92867-1
4875:978-0-520-02920-0
4848:978-1-78673-095-4
4739:978-0-19-565112-6
4712:978-0-8108-6344-6
4682:978-0-7656-3364-4
4612:978-0-500-51432-0
4581:978-0-19-563354-2
4485:978-0-520-97423-4
4418:978-0-7914-2025-6
4386:978-0-8108-6344-6
4350:978-0-14-342616-5
4219:978-0-19-198640-6
4030:978-0-19563-354-2
4003:978-1-4422-3601-1
3933:978-90-04-12320-5
3457:Dasharatha Sharma
3411:Guru Granth Sahib
3395:Saraswat Brahmins
3321:Saraswat Brahmins
3249:
3248:
3241:
3014:Post-Independence
2668:Gujarat Sultanate
2505:
2504:
1674:Clan organisation
1651:
1650:
1630:Sialkot district
1608:Sheikhupura dist
1586:Shahpur district
1564:Rawalpindi dist.
1520:Patiala district
1281:Himachal Pradesh
1168:Gujranwala dist.
1014:Bahawalpur dist.
813:French traveller
769:Guru Gobind Singh
715:Guru Granth Sahib
649:since the era of
503:As per historian
409:, comes from the
320:. Others such as
267:Kashmiri Brahmins
197:
196:
172:Jammu and Kashmir
12983:
12956:Sikh communities
12896:
12895:
12835:Hussaini Brahmin
12830:Ghanchi (Muslim)
12694:Guru (community)
12663:Jaga (Rajasthan)
12481:Nema (community)
12450:Natrayat Charans
12445:Natrayat Rajputs
12405:Anjana Chaudhari
12380:
12379:
12328:
12321:
12314:
12305:
12304:
12079:
12078:
12029:Jain communities
11511:
11510:
11464:
11457:
11450:
11441:
11440:
11340:Jain communities
10696:Anjana Chaudhari
10491:Tapodhan Brahmin
10486:Sompura Brahmins
10476:Shrimali Brahmin
10471:Sachora Brahmins
10456:Khedaval Brahmin
10410:
10403:
10396:
10387:
10386:
9616:Scheduled Castes
9563:Yaduvanshi Ahirs
9472:
9465:
9458:
9449:
9448:
9439:
9424:
9423:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9376:
9370:
9369:
9349:
9343:
9342:
9322:
9313:
9312:
9292:
9286:
9285:
9265:
9259:
9258:
9246:
9235:
9229:
9228:
9218:
9212:
9211:
9191:
9185:
9184:
9174:
9168:
9167:
9147:
9141:
9140:
9138:
9136:
9121:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9110:
9095:
9089:
9088:
9068:
9062:
9061:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9010:
9004:
9003:
8983:
8977:
8976:
8966:
8957:
8956:
8936:
8930:
8929:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8882:
8876:
8875:
8861:
8855:
8854:
8822:
8816:
8815:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8779:
8773:
8772:
8748:
8739:
8738:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8691:
8685:
8684:
8664:
8658:
8657:
8633:
8627:
8626:
8606:
8600:
8599:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8523:
8514:
8513:
8489:
8480:
8479:
8455:
8446:
8445:
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5480:
5479:
5469:
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5462:
5442:
5433:
5432:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5343:. Notion Press.
5334:
5328:
5327:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5279:
5270:
5269:
5245:
5239:
5238:
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5185:
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4992:
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4790:
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4280:
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3963:
3961:
3959:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3917:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3879:
3876:
3668:Arora as Sikhs.
3575:Vishnu's avatars
3535:Religious groups
3494:, considered an
3244:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:reliably sourced
3201:
3200:
3193:
3080:Sun Microsystems
2793:Battle of Attock
2747:Sikh Khalsa Army
2739:Hari Singh Nalwa
2727:Dallewallia Misl
2531:weaving industry
2508:Medieval history
1715:
1714:
1696:barah ghar/bahri
1476:Multan district
1454:Montgomery dist
1388:Lahore district
1366:Jhelum district
1322:Jalandhar dist.
1278:Kangra district
1234:Hazara district
1212:Gurdaspur dist.
1190:Gujrat district
944:
940:
885:Dera Ismail Khan
809:Before partition
799:
494:R. G. Bhandarkar
391:Param Vir Chakra
334:Sawan Mal Chopra
314:Hari Singh Nalwa
176:Himachal Pradesh
47:
35:
34:
28:Khatri (surname)
12991:
12990:
12986:
12985:
12984:
12982:
12981:
12980:
12951:Merchant castes
12931:
12930:
12929:
12920:
12894:
12794:
12718:
12677:
12646:
12555:
12454:
12378:
12337:
12332:
12302:
12297:
12281:Koli Christians
12242:
12206:Muslim Raj Gond
12181:Deccani Muslims
12144:Konkani Muslims
12128:
12077:
12020:
11954:
11848:
11787:
11636:
11600:
11509:
11490:Marathi Brahmin
11473:
11468:
11438:
11433:
11417:
11379:
11353:
11333:
11304:Sulaymani Bohra
11274:Sandhai Muslims
11264:Salaat (Muslim)
11065:
10920:
10896:Salaat (Muslim)
10797:
10766:
10738:
10672:
10626:
10495:
10451:Girnara Brahmin
10446:Bardai Brahmins
10419:
10417:Gujarati people
10414:
10384:
10379:
10313:
10290:
10217:
10169:
9915:
9897:
9724:
9696:
9678:
9610:
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6296:
6292:
6285:
6269:
6265:
6258:
6242:
6238:
6230:10.1.1.885.9901
6217:
6213:
6204:Kumar, Sanjay.
6202:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6178:
6177:
6170:
6159:
6155:
6144:
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6139:
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5796:
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5771:
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5759:
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5713:
5706:
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5678:
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5656:
5649:
5633:
5629:
5622:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5579:
5575:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5541:
5530:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5487:
5483:
5470:
5466:
5459:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5388:
5384:
5362:
5358:
5351:
5335:
5331:
5307:
5303:
5296:
5280:
5273:
5262:
5246:
5242:
5229:
5225:
5218:
5202:
5198:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5175:
5159:
5155:
5144:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5101:
5094:
5081:
5072:
5062:
5060:
5050:
5046:
5035:
5028:
5012:
5011:
5007:
4993:
4989:
4982:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4943:Bessel, Richard
4940:
4931:
4920:
4916:
4901:
4887:
4883:
4876:
4860:
4856:
4849:
4833:
4829:
4819:The Sikh Review
4816:
4812:
4802:
4800:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4776:
4758:
4751:
4740:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4697:
4693:
4683:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4613:
4602:Indian Textiles
4597:
4593:
4582:
4566:
4562:
4555:
4541:
4537:
4526:
4515:
4499:
4498:
4486:
4470:
4463:
4453:
4437:
4430:
4419:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4371:
4358:
4351:
4335:
4331:
4305:
4296:
4295:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4258:
4238:
4220:
4190:
4186:
4170:
4163:
4150:
4146:
4133:
4129:
4086:
4082:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4004:
3988:
3984:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3918:
3907:
3894:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3850:List of Khatris
3846:
3812:
3769:
3745:
3740:
3702:
3674:
3615:
3557:. They worship
3542:
3537:
3513:states that in
3504:Sanskritization
3454:
3404:In the case of
3365:
3331:castes such as
3256:Census of India
3245:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3214:
3206:This section's
3202:
3198:
3191:
3167:
3135:
3119:
3100:
3076:IndiGo Airlines
3016:
2996:
2960:
2944:river Rukmavati
2928:
2900:Hyderabad State
2896:
2888:
2875:
2829:Anglo-Sikh Wars
2795:which defeated
2715:
2697:George Campbell
2684:
2649:Suraiya Faroqhi
2631:
2575:
2551:
2527:
2510:
1755:(also known as
1676:
1656:
1654:After partition
1542:Peshawar dist.
1344:Jhang district
1300:Kohat district
1256:Jammu Province
1146:Ferozpur dist.
811:
806:
800:
797:
668:
651:Ziauddin Barani
590:
551:
498:Shapurji Edalji
399:
381:. Some such as
284:was founded by
101:
98:Multani/Saraiki
58:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12989:
12979:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12953:
12948:
12943:
12941:Punjabi tribes
12926:
12925:
12922:
12921:
12919:
12918:
12913:
12911:Langha (tribe)
12908:
12902:
12900:
12893:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12850:Muslim Rangrez
12847:
12842:
12840:Khadem (caste)
12837:
12832:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12810:Muslim Rajputs
12806:
12804:
12800:
12799:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12737:
12732:
12726:
12724:
12720:
12719:
12717:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12685:
12683:
12679:
12678:
12676:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12660:
12654:
12652:
12648:
12647:
12645:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12624:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12579:
12577:Kalwar (caste)
12574:
12569:
12563:
12561:
12557:
12556:
12554:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12476:Mathur Vaishya
12473:
12468:
12462:
12460:
12456:
12455:
12453:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12425:Kachhi (caste)
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12386:
12384:
12377:
12376:
12371:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12345:
12343:
12339:
12338:
12331:
12330:
12323:
12316:
12308:
12299:
12298:
12296:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12284:
12283:
12278:
12268:
12267:
12266:
12256:
12250:
12248:
12244:
12243:
12241:
12240:
12239:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12153:
12152:
12151:
12140:
12138:
12134:
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9430:External links
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9355:Sindhi Culture
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8945:. SUNY Press.
8931:
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8837:(1): 142–147.
8827:"Caste Census"
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8811:978-0195633542
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7643:, ed. (1998).
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6031:. p. 164.
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5830:Indian Culture
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4100:(1): 109–140.
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3587:Vidhyavasini's
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3252:M. N. Srinivas
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681:Bichitra Natak
667:
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570:Michael Witzel
554:Baij Nath Puri
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407:Hindi Language
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387:Arun Khetarpal
326:Durrani Empire
226:, but also in
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12946:Indian castes
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12875:Sindhi-Sipahi
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12570:
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12565:
12564:
12562:
12558:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12463:
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12457:
12451:
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12441:
12438:
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12433:
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12428:
12426:
12423:
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12418:
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12413:
12411:
12408:
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12401:
12398:
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12393:
12391:
12388:
12387:
12385:
12381:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12359:Ravana Rajput
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12346:
12344:
12340:
12336:
12329:
12324:
12322:
12317:
12315:
12310:
12309:
12306:
12294:
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12289:
12286:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
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12272:
12269:
12265:
12262:
12261:
12260:
12257:
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12251:
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12245:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
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12189:
12187:
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12179:
12177:
12174:
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12169:
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12159:
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12147:
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12142:
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12139:
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12125:
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12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12086:
12084:
12080:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12038:
12037:
12036:Marathi Jains
12034:
12033:
12031:
12027:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11963:
11961:
11957:
11951:
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11938:
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11933:
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11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
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11883:
11881:
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11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
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11857:
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11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11796:
11794:
11790:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11778:Twashta Kasar
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11678:Dhobi (Parit)
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11645:
11643:
11639:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
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11615:
11613:
11610:
11609:
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11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
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11582:
11579:
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11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
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11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11518:
11516:
11512:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
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11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11482:
11480:
11476:
11472:
11465:
11460:
11458:
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11446:
11445:
11442:
11430:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11390:
11388:
11386:
11382:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11367:
11365:
11363:
11361:
11356:
11350:
11347:
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11344:
11342:
11341:
11336:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
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11270:
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11262:
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11245:
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11219:Multani Lohar
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
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11190:
11187:
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11182:
11180:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
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11159:
11157:
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11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11111:Dawoodi Bohra
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11078:
11076:
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11073:
11068:
11062:
11059:
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11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
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10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10929:
10928:
10923:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10886:Sompura Salat
10884:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10871:Gurjar Suthar
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10829:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10811:Bhambi Khalpa
10809:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10780:
10778:
10776:
10774:
10769:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10747:
10745:
10741:
10734:
10730:
10726:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10686:Aboti Brahmin
10684:
10683:
10681:
10679:
10675:
10668:
10664:
10660:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
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10629:
10623:
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10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
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10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
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10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
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10502:
10498:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10466:Nagar Brahmin
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10436:Aboti Brahmin
10434:
10433:
10431:
10429:
10427:
10422:
10418:
10411:
10406:
10404:
10399:
10397:
10392:
10391:
10388:
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10371:
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10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
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10320:
10316:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10301:
10299:
10297:
10293:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
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10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
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10224:
10220:
10214:
10211:
10209:
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10201:
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10028:
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10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
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9900:
9894:
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9703:
9699:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9687:
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9675:
9672:
9670:
9669:Ramdasia Sikh
9667:
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9508:
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9502:
9500:
9496:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9483:social groups
9480:
9479:Ethnic groups
9473:
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9281:9780192527479
9277:
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9131:
9130:Mumbai Mirror
9127:
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8764:9789380607047
8760:
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8467:
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8268:
8265:. Routledge.
8264:
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7503:
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7477:
7476:Darji(tailor)
7472:
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7309:
7308:Bardhaman Raj
7302:
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7122:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7105:. Routledge.
7104:
7103:
7095:
7087:
7081:
7077:
7076:
7068:
7061:
7056:
7055:
7047:
7040:
7035:
7029:
7025:
7024:
7016:
7009:
7005:
7003:9788121903646
6999:
6995:
6994:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6974:
6972:9781107153318
6968:
6964:
6963:
6955:
6948:
6944:
6938:
6934:
6933:
6925:
6921:
6915:
6911:
6910:
6902:
6897:
6891:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6867:
6861:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6829:
6828:
6820:
6813:
6808:
6806:9781788318730
6802:
6798:
6797:
6789:
6782:
6777:
6775:9780521193337
6771:
6767:
6766:
6759:
6751:
6745:
6741:
6740:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6719:
6713:
6709:
6708:
6700:
6698:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6675:
6668:
6661:
6656:
6654:9783030567613
6650:
6646:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6605:
6598:
6593:
6591:9780415580618
6587:
6583:
6582:
6574:
6567:
6562:
6560:9781136018329
6556:
6552:
6548:
6541:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6477:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6432:
6424:
6418:
6414:
6413:
6405:
6397:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6378:
6370:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6351:
6349:
6340:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6321:
6313:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6294:
6286:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6267:
6259:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6240:
6231:
6226:
6222:
6215:
6207:
6200:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6173:
6164:
6157:
6149:
6148:
6141:
6133:
6132:
6125:
6117:
6116:
6108:
6101:. p. 70.
6100:
6099:
6091:
6083:
6082:
6074:
6066:
6065:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6044:
6038:
6030:
6029:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5970:
5962:
5961:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5892:
5888:
5882:
5874:
5867:
5859:
5852:
5846:
5831:
5827:
5821:
5813:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5794:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5760:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5741:
5739:
5730:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5711:
5709:
5700:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5681:
5672:
5671:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5650:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5631:
5623:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5604:
5596:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5577:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5562:0-89389-116-9
5559:
5553:
5543:
5536:
5531:
5529:9781316184394
5525:
5521:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5485:
5478:. p. 85.
5477:
5476:
5468:
5460:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5441:
5439:
5430:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5411:
5403:
5397:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5333:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5278:
5276:
5268:
5263:
5261:9780791414255
5257:
5253:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5235:
5227:
5219:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5176:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5157:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5126:
5118:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5099:
5097:
5088:
5087:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5059:
5055:
5048:
5040:
5033:
5031:
5022:
5016:
5008:
5002:
4998:
4991:
4983:
4977:
4973:
4966:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4906:
4902:
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4892:
4885:
4877:
4871:
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4844:
4840:
4839:
4831:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4782:
4777:
4775:9780520228214
4771:
4767:
4763:
4756:
4754:
4746:
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4735:
4731:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4695:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4655:9789004176539
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4554:9780190222659
4550:
4546:
4539:
4531:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4509:
4503:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4468:
4466:
4458:
4454:
4452:9781317827351
4448:
4444:
4443:
4435:
4433:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4397:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4332:
4330:9780191831874
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4302:
4290:
4275:
4273:9780191727221
4269:
4265:
4264:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4235:
4232:areas in the
4231:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4168:
4166:
4157:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4057:9789004177314
4053:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3708:" written by
3707:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3577:. Worship of
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3540:Hindu Khatris
3531:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:literacy rate
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3280:According to
3278:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3240:
3232:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:, classified
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2998:According to
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2879:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2688:Harjot Oberoi
2679:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2579:Muzaffar Alam
2570:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1726:House of 2.5
1725:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
992:Attock dist.
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
935:
929:clan, Lahore.
928:
924:
920:
913:
908:
904:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
794:
792:
788:
783:
782:
776:
774:
770:
763:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:
730:
726:
724:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
692:, the son of
691:
687:
683:
682:
678:According to
672:
666:Sikh theology
663:
661:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
549:Early history
546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:(lakha), and
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Chief of Army
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
356:Hindu Afghans
353:
348:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Guru Amar Das
291:
287:
283:
282:Sikh religion
278:
276:
275:Sikandar Lodi
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
193:
192:Uttar Pradesh
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
65:
61:
56:
55:James Skinner
52:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
12845:Muslim Gaddi
12770:Sansi people
12745:Bhil Gametia
12567:Soni (caste)
12545:
12536:Vijayvargiya
12521:Shrimal Jain
12415:Dangi people
12099:Jaiswal Jain
12001:Phase Pardhi
11834:Kudaldeshkar
11632:Vaishya Vani
11384:
11358:
11338:
11249:Patani Bohra
11194:Meta Qureshi
11070:
10925:
10816:Bhambi Rohit
10802:
10771:
10743:
10711:Kathi people
10677:
10631:
10534:Kathi Darbar
10500:
10461:Modh Brahmin
10424:
10096:
9920:
9649:Mazhabi Sikh
9408:
9401:
9381:
9374:
9354:
9347:
9327:
9297:
9290:
9270:
9263:
9240:
9233:
9223:
9216:
9196:
9189:
9179:
9172:
9152:
9145:
9133:. Retrieved
9129:
9119:
9107:. Retrieved
9104:Newslaundary
9103:
9093:
9073:
9066:
9059:cultivators.
9057:
9042:
9035:
9015:
9008:
8988:
8981:
8971:
8941:
8934:
8914:
8907:
8887:
8880:
8871:
8866:
8859:
8834:
8830:
8820:
8801:
8795:
8786:
8777:
8768:
8753:
8723:
8716:
8696:
8689:
8669:
8662:
8653:
8638:
8631:
8611:
8604:
8584:
8577:
8557:
8550:
8541:
8527:
8509:
8494:
8475:
8460:
8440:22 September
8438:. Retrieved
8423:
8416:
8396:
8389:
8369:
8362:
8342:
8335:
8315:
8308:
8288:
8281:
8261:
8254:
8234:
8204:
8197:
8177:
8170:
8162:
8147:
8127:22 September
8125:. Retrieved
8110:
8103:
8094:
8080:
8070:
8060:
8053:
8044:
8029:
8022:
8013:
7998:
7991:
7971:
7941:
7934:
7922:. Retrieved
7919:ResearchGate
7918:
7908:
7895:
7888:
7878:17 September
7876:. Retrieved
7872:
7862:
7853:
7838:
7831:
7823:
7808:
7801:
7781:
7774:
7754:
7724:
7717:
7697:
7690:
7670:
7663:
7644:
7635:
7615:
7608:
7600:
7585:
7581:Sheila Paine
7575:
7567:
7552:
7545:
7536:
7521:
7514:
7505:
7490:
7483:
7474:
7459:
7452:
7444:
7429:
7422:
7402:
7395:
7375:
7368:
7348:
7341:
7322:
7316:
7307:
7301:
7281:
7274:
7266:
7261:
7250:, retrieved
7228:
7218:
7198:
7191:
7171:
7164:
7136:
7129:
7101:
7094:
7074:
7067:
7058:
7053:
7046:
7037:
7022:
7015:
7007:
6992:
6976:
6961:
6954:
6946:
6931:
6923:
6908:
6899:
6884:
6874:
6855:
6849:
6841:
6826:
6819:
6810:
6795:
6788:
6779:
6764:
6758:
6738:
6706:
6687:
6673:
6667:
6658:
6644:
6634:
6626:
6611:
6604:
6595:
6580:
6573:
6564:
6550:
6540:
6531:
6525:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6498:
6494:
6488:
6479:
6478:(1): 49–56.
6475:
6471:
6458:
6438:
6431:
6411:
6404:
6384:
6377:
6357:
6327:
6320:
6300:
6293:
6273:
6266:
6246:
6239:
6220:
6214:
6199:
6187:. Retrieved
6183:
6162:
6156:
6146:
6140:
6130:
6124:
6114:
6107:
6097:
6090:
6080:
6073:
6063:
6027:
6020:
6010:
5976:
5969:
5959:
5919:. Retrieved
5915:
5906:
5894:. Retrieved
5890:
5881:
5866:
5858:Census India
5857:
5845:
5833:. Retrieved
5829:
5820:
5800:
5793:
5783:17 September
5781:. Retrieved
5776:
5767:
5747:
5717:
5688:
5669:
5637:
5630:
5610:
5603:
5583:
5576:
5552:
5542:
5533:
5518:
5511:
5491:
5484:
5474:
5467:
5447:
5417:
5410:
5391:
5385:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5339:
5332:
5324:
5311:
5304:
5284:
5265:
5250:
5243:
5233:
5226:
5206:
5199:
5189:
5183:
5163:
5156:
5147:
5132:
5125:
5105:
5085:
5061:. Retrieved
5057:
5047:
5038:
4996:
4990:
4971:
4965:
4946:
4923:
4917:
4890:
4884:
4864:
4857:
4837:
4830:
4825:(274): 36–54
4822:
4818:
4813:
4801:. Retrieved
4797:
4788:
4779:
4765:
4743:
4728:
4721:
4701:
4694:
4686:
4671:
4664:
4637:
4624:
4616:
4601:
4594:
4585:
4570:
4563:
4544:
4538:
4529:
4474:
4456:
4441:
4422:
4408:
4375:
4339:
4312:
4277:. Retrieved
4262:
4245:
4223:
4197:
4187:
4179:
4174:
4154:
4147:
4137:
4130:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4066:
4046:
4039:
4019:
4012:
3992:
3985:
3975:
3968:
3958:17 September
3956:. Retrieved
3951:
3942:
3922:
3898:
3874:
3860:Caste system
3813:
3801:
3770:
3761:W. H. McLeod
3746:
3715:
3703:
3675:
3627:
3616:
3613:Sikh Khatris
3559:Hinglaj Mata
3543:
3528:
3508:
3499:
3481:
3464:
3455:
3442:
3416:
3409:
3403:
3386:
3366:
3357:varna system
3341:
3318:
3306:
3288:district of
3279:
3272:
3250:
3235:
3226:
3207:
3189:Varna status
3183:silk weaving
3168:
3136:
3120:
3101:
3092:upper castes
3088:
3048:Apollo Tyres
3024:
3017:
2997:
2961:
2929:
2897:
2889:
2844:
2833:
2787:
2725:founded the
2716:
2685:
2665:
2647:
2632:
2615:W. H. McLeod
2612:
2588:
2576:
2567:Tegh Bahadur
2560:
2543:Chira-i-Baaf
2542:
2528:
2518:Jahangirnama
2511:
1809:
1808:House of 52
1764:House of 12
1709:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1657:
1058:Bannu dist.
1039:Balochistan
1036:Balochistan
914:c. 1859-1869
893:
862:
823:
812:
804:Demographics
784:
779:
778:
767:
764:c. 1868-1872
736:
732:
731:
728:
712:
697:
686:Gobind Singh
679:
677:
635:Jean Chardin
631:Stephen Dale
628:
621:
594:Stephen Dale
591:
577:
573:
557:
552:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
505:W. H. McLeod
502:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
433:
426:
423:philologists
414:
402:
400:
383:Vikram Batra
368:
360:Sikh Afghans
349:
342:
322:Mokham Chand
279:
240:
199:
198:
69:(majority),
50:
32:
12890:Hela Mehtar
12592:Rajput Mali
12572:Gadia Lohar
12254:Bene Israel
11981:Gav-Paradhi
11673:Chhaparband
11581:Mahyavanshi
11576:Panchkalshi
11556:Koli people
11408:Mahyavanshi
11362:communities
11360:Zoroastrian
11309:Sunni Bohra
11254:Patni Jamat
11081:Alavi Bohra
10775:communities
10773:Genealogist
10519:Dabhi Kolis
10428:communities
10236:Mair Rajput
9578:Hindu Ghosi
8046:profession.
5063:19 November
4803:24 November
4798:apnaorg.com
4640:: 253–280.
3819:shepherding
3814:Gaddi is a
3804:Bhanushalis
3706:Heer Ranjha
3688:in Punjab.
3591:Vaishnavism
3563:Chandi Mata
3515:Maharashtra
3483:Ashok Malik
3463:as a mixed
3343:Susan Bayly
3175:Maharashtra
3165:Maharashtra
3137:Khatris of
3111:West Punjab
3008:baby shower
2825:Sikh Empire
2783:Khyber Pass
2779:Indus River
2713:Sikh Empire
2682:Afghanistan
2563:Burdwan Raj
2561:In Bengal,
2401:, Kharbanda
2196:Mehndiratta
2027:(Sawhney),
1810:(Bunjahis)
1748:House of 4
1721:Clan names
1658:Apart from
896:Shah Hanifi
830:West Punjab
610:Afghanistan
606:Elphinstone
580:were Kaṭha
576:states the
566:North-India
513:A. R. Desai
509:Peter Hardy
350:During the
318:Khyber pass
306:Khalsa Army
302:Sikh Empire
263:upper-caste
232:Afghanistan
188:Maharashtra
150:Afghanistan
84:variety of
57:(1778–1841)
12935:Categories
12785:Van Baoria
12760:Rath tribe
12735:Bhil Meena
12699:Rajpurohit
12551:Maheshwari
12364:Rajpurohit
12236:Tadvi Bhil
11708:Kanjarbhat
11663:Chaukalshi
11566:Leva Patil
11324:Vora Patel
11319:Turk Jamat
11116:Halaypotra
11106:Chundrigar
11032:Patanwadia
10876:Sai Suthar
10706:Bhanushali
10645:Bhanushali
9853:Sial tribe
8434:0520057112
8121:0520057112
7406:. Viking.
7332:8121511321
5921:7 November
5896:7 November
5835:7 November
4494:1088599361
4194:"Glossary"
3866:References
3710:Waris Shah
3678:B. N. Puri
3649:Rawalpindi
3619:Guru Nanak
3607:Radhasoami
3599:Arya Samaj
3583:Meditation
3579:totemistic
3555:Rawalpindi
3419:Arya Samaj
3387:Kshatriya,
3298:twice-born
3068:IndiaToday
3004:Jandi Tree
2916:Padmasalis
2743:Gujranwala
2599:terminated
2577:Historian
2493:, Trehan,
1997:Khukrains
1680:endogamous
850:Rawalpindi
738:Kshatriyas
629:Historian
490:consonance
419:B. N. Puri
290:Guru Angad
286:Guru Nanak
259:Guru Angad
220:South Asia
218:region of
12906:Manganiar
12880:Singiwala
12750:Bhil Mama
12231:Saiqalgar
12071:Upajjhaya
12046:Chaturtha
12041:Bagherwal
11986:Nath Jogi
11804:Deshastha
11799:Chitpavan
11758:Padmasali
11413:Thathagar
11204:Molesalam
11151:Khaskheli
10514:Chudasama
10102:Sabharwal
10022:Khukhrain
9758:Chaudhary
9624:Ad-Dharmi
9606:Khandowya
9135:25 August
9109:25 August
8843:0376-9771
8096:subcaste.
7924:24 August
7352:. BRILL.
6225:CiteSeerX
6189:29 August
6037:cite book
5376:(4): 22.
5015:cite book
4999:. India.
4502:cite book
4424:subcaste.
4299:ignored (
4289:cite book
4248:. Brill.
4114:0069-9667
3826:Himalayas
3797:Bhaibands
3726:Kizilbash
3692:tribe of
3661:Jat Sikhs
3637:Partition
3603:Nirankari
3465:pratiloma
3461:Rajasthan
3399:chaplains
3309:Kshatriya
3264:Kshatriya
3217:talk page
3127:SC/ST Act
3107:Partition
3098:Delhi NCR
3090:of these
3084:Max Group
3020:Partition
2972:Rajasthan
2958:Rajasthan
2912:Hyderabad
2894:Hyderabad
2851:Bardhaman
2847:governors
2735:Jalandhar
2708:standards
2635:Champaner
2591:Aurangzeb
2458:, Ratra,
2192:Manchanda
2176:Khetarpal
2021:Sabharwal
1855:Chaudhary
1803:is added
1710:bunjayees
1706:Khukhrain
1691:char ghar
614:Astrakhan
598:Astrakhan
578:Kathaiois
482:kshatriya
476:(ऋ) from
464:(khama),
460:(kheta),
450:Gurumukhi
438:Vararuchi
415:kshatriya
405:, in the
401:The word
397:Etymology
271:Kayasthas
247:Gurumukhi
214:areas of
77:Languages
63:Religions
12860:Hiranbaz
12825:Churigar
12790:Pateliya
12709:Brahmins
12612:Thathera
12516:Sarawagi
12506:Baranwal
12466:Agrawal
12149:Nawayath
12124:Shrimali
12119:Sarawagi
12061:Panchama
11875:Binjhwar
11844:Saraswat
11809:Devrukhe
11668:Chambhar
11536:Bhandari
11422:See also
11284:Shaikhda
11184:Mansoori
11161:Machiyar
11121:Hingorja
11041:Rathodia
11036:Pateliya
11028:Padharia
10866:Sikligar
10597:Sarvaiya
10529:Karadiya
10335:Bakarwal
10296:Tarkhans
10193:Chhibber
10062:Mehrotra
10052:Malhotra
10042:Mahendru
9997:Kandhari
9942:Bhandari
9888:Warraich
9833:Randhawa
9773:Dhankhar
9674:Ravidasi
9598:Chauhans
9491:Punjabis
8851:23006464
8785:(1975).
7583:(2001).
6979:Thanesar
6882:(2024).
5321:61616699
4909:56034872
4781:service.
4309:"Khatrī"
4279:29 April
4122:53703281
3844:See also
3838:Bharmour
3694:Pashtuns
3666:baptised
3651:region.
3645:Potohari
3595:Shaktism
3551:Peshawar
3500:Khatris.
3445:Vaishyas
3397:, their
3391:Punjabis
3382:Ibbetson
3374:Campbell
3370:Nesfield
3325:purohits
3323:are the
3275:Kayastha
3270:status.
3229:May 2022
3210:disputed
3056:Snapdeal
3040:Mahindra
2863:Peshawar
2771:Peshawar
2731:Ludhiana
2692:Buddhism
2604:Jat Sikh
2514:Jahangir
2512:Emperor
2432:Nijhawan
2413:Majithia
2354:Dhariwal
2342:Chhatwal
2338:Chatrath
2248:Sachdeva
2232:Pasricha
2084:Chhapola
2048:Allawadi
1965:, Soni,
1891:Kandhari
1851:Chhachhi
1843:Bhandari
1801:Wadhawan
1781:Mehrotra
1777:Mahindra
1742:Malhotra
889:Ibbetson
854:Peshawer
842:Potohari
815:Thevenot
796:—
750:Vaishyas
742:Brahmins
699:Ramayana
647:caravans
582:Brahmins
531:kṣatriya
442:Gujarati
411:Sanskrit
366:origin.
228:Pakistan
146:Pakistan
108:Gujarati
90:Potohari
67:Hinduism
12870:Silawat
12765:Saharia
12673:Motisar
12642:Meghwal
12587:Pinjara
12531:Veerwal
12501:Banjara
12496:Gawaria
12410:Bishnoi
12400:Gurjar
12221:Pinjara
12196:Multani
12171:Bhishti
12166:Baghban
12109:Paliwal
12089:Agrawal
12066:Saitwal
12056:Kamboja
12006:Ramoshi
11996:Kaikadi
11966:Banjara
11920:Katkari
11910:Halpati
11829:Karhade
11733:Kumbhar
11723:Kolhati
11591:Maratha
11586:Mangela
11541:Dhangar
11505:Shamedi
11329:Vyapari
11214:Multani
11179:Mandali
11166:Makrani
11126:Hingora
11096:Bhadala
11013:Meghwal
10998:Halpati
10988:Garasia
10861:Panchal
10831:Kansara
10788:Motisar
10757:Bharwad
10725:Patidar
10659:Agarwal
10607:Solanki
10557:Jinkara
10509:Chauhan
10426:Brahmin
10304:Panesar
10256:Chauhan
10251:Rathore
10223:Rajputs
10188:Bhimwal
10032:Khullar
10012:Khattar
9977:Gambhir
9937:Bhambri
9921:Khatris
9808:Khokhar
9702:Gurjars
9684:Gakhars
9634:Bazigar
9629:Balmiki
9588:Ranghar
9583:Aharwar
9499:Agrawal
9489:of the
8397:Sikhism
7538:colors'
7252:31 July
6983:Haryana
6660:castes.
5149:Khatris
4745:castes.
3816:nomadic
3781:Bhatias
3690:Khattak
3571:Hanuman
3523:Marathi
3519:Marathi
3473:trading
3469:Banking
3437:Vaishya
3337:Lohanas
3333:Khatris
3329:Vaishya
3302:Agarwal
3294:Vaishya
3268:Vaishya
3179:Marathi
3143:Pandits
3139:Kashmir
3117:Haryana
3064:YesBank
3060:Hotmail
3032:Ranbaxy
2968:Lohanas
2964:Bhatias
2932:Gujarat
2926:Gujarat
2827:in the
2821:Punjabi
2767:Kashmir
2755:Sialkot
2643:Hinglaj
2629:Gujarat
2583:Persian
2539:weaving
2535:Benaras
2525:Benares
2501:(Whig)
2491:Thakkar
2467:, Sarna
2456:Qanungo
2424:Nagrath
2390:Kaushal
2386:Kashyap
2310:Badhwar
2260:Sardana
2212:Miglani
2180:Khurana
2172:Khattar
2124:Gambhir
2108:Dhingra
2092:Chandna
2080:Chhimba
2076:Chhabra
2072:Bhutani
2040:Aroras
1903:Kochhar
1899:Khullar
1883:Jhanjhi
1863:Dhoopar
1847:Chandok
1839:Bhambri
1668:Haryana
1642:02.00%
1639:02.01%
1636:04.01%
1620:03.32%
1617:02.18%
1614:05.50%
1598:08.06%
1595:03.02%
1592:11.08%
1576:02.30%
1573:07.71%
1570:10.01%
1554:02.08%
1551:02.26%
1548:04.34%
1532:00.15%
1529:01.14%
1526:01.29%
1510:09.22%
1507:00.45%
1504:09.67%
1488:12.52%
1485:01.53%
1482:14.05%
1466:10.82%
1463:01.09%
1460:11.91%
1444:10.96%
1441:02.24%
1438:13.20%
1422:05.68%
1419:01.82%
1416:07.50%
1400:02.91%
1397:05.10%
1394:08.01%
1378:02.50%
1375:07.27%
1372:09.77%
1356:10.72%
1353:04.34%
1350:15.06%
1334:00.10%
1331:02.78%
1328:02.88%
1312:03.57%
1309:01.50%
1306:05.07%
1290:00.02%
1287:00.85%
1284:00.87%
1268:00.00%
1265:03.01%
1262:03.01%
1246:00.68%
1243:02.29%
1240:02.97%
1224:00.15%
1221:01.83%
1218:01.98%
1202:03.84%
1199:02.46%
1196:06.30%
1180:05.55%
1177:04.46%
1174:10.01%
1158:02.46%
1155:01.11%
1152:03.57%
1136:04.01%
1133:16.32%
1130:20.33%
1114:09.14%
1111:00.72%
1108:09.86%
1092:09.22%
1089:00.79%
1086:10.01%
1070:07.30%
1067:00.50%
1064:07.83%
1048:01.90%
1045:00.03%
1042:01.93%
1026:06.86%
1023:00.50%
1020:07.36%
1004:02.58%
1001:07.32%
998:09.90%
982:02.17%
979:03.30%
976:05.47%
956:Khatri
947:Region
869:Derajat
787:Brahmin
781:maroon.
746:Shudras
719:Sikhism
655:Chardin
639:Isfahan
623:Agrijan
539:kṣattr̥
527:khattrī
458:kshetra
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243:scribes
184:Gujarat
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102:Minor:
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80:Major:
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21:Chhetri
12916:Mirasi
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10318:Others
10286:Wattoo
10271:Jamwal
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10155:Vadera
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10112:Sehgal
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10077:Narula
10067:Nagpal
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9972:Duggal
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9962:Chopra
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9911:Labana
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9838:Sandhu
9828:Ranjha
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9768:Chohan
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9720:Baisla
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9639:Chamar
9540:Kardar
9525:Rayeen
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9507:Bansal
9487:tribes
9442:Khatri
9416:
9389:
9362:
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4000:
3930:
3834:Lahore
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2763:Multan
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2700:Asia."
2653:Kunbis
2573:Punjab
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2487:Takiar
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2068:Baweja
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9568:Ahirs
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8847:JSTOR
7900:(PDF)
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6468:(PDF)
5854:(PDF)
4634:(PDF)
4230:Majha
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4118:S2CID
3822:tribe
3810:Gaddi
3793:Amils
3753:Sindh
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3641:Arora
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3423:Arora
3353:Vedic
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2920:looms
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2608:Banda
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2013:Kohli
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1979:Uppal
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1623:1931
1601:1901
1579:1891
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1513:1931
1491:1901
1469:1901
1447:1931
1425:1931
1403:1931
1381:1881
1359:1931
1337:1901
1315:1921
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1271:1901
1249:1901
1227:1901
1205:1901
1183:1931
1161:1901
1139:1901
1117:1901
1095:1891
1073:1921
1051:1931
1029:1931
1007:1901
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962:Year
927:Sodhi
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877:Bannu
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704:Sodhi
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470:iksha
364:Arora
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11521:Agri
11239:Node
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10752:Ahir
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10281:Raja
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10213:Vaid
10198:Datt
10183:Bali
10131:Soni
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