Basra - Knowledge

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little of a slope for the water flow to carry salt deposits away. This required the clearing of salty topsoil by the Zanj slaves in order to keep the fields from becoming too saline to grow crops. After Basra was sacked in by Zanj rebels in the late 800s and then by the Qarmatians in the early 900s, there was no financial incentive to invest in restoring the irrigation system, and the infrastructure was almost completely abandoned. Finally, in the late 900s, the city of Basra was entirely relocated, with the old site being abandoned and a new one developing on the banks of the Shatt al-Arab, where it has remained ever since.

734:." Nevertheless, Basra overcame these natural disadvantages and rapidly grew into the second-largest city in Iraq, if not the entire Islamic world. Its role as a military encampment meant that the soldiers had to be fed, and since those soldiers were receiving government salaries, they had money to spend. Thus, both the government and private entrepreneurs invested heavily in developing a vast agricultural infrastructure in the Basra region. These investments were made with the expectation of a profitable return, indicating the value of the Basra food market. Although 2387: 2720: 123: 2553: 105: 213: 1347:, then commander of U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf, acknowledged that it was possible that "a missile may have been errant." While such casualty numbers pale in comparison to later events, the bombing occurred one day after Arab foreign ministers, meeting in Egypt, refused to condemn four days of air strikes against Iraq in December 1998. This was described by Iraqi information minister Human Abdel-Khaliq as giving U.S.-led forces "an Arab green card" to continue their involvement in the conflict. 2822: 180: 1232: 2858: 1279: 141: 629: 2874: 2492: 2472: 5017: 2664: 1082: 2482: 2842: 1256: 286: 1527: 94: 130: 3658:

government commenced challenging the "no fly zones" unilaterally imposed on the country by the United States, following the 1991 Persian Gulf war. During the month of January 1999, there were more than 100 incursions by Iraqi aircraft and 20 instances of Iraqi surface-to-air missiles being filed. The January bombing of Basra occurred in the context of retaliatory attacks by the United States.

220: 187: 544:. The city was also affected, as a result of the Gulf War, the 1991 uprisings and the 1999 uprisings. Basra was the first city to be occupied by the coalition forces, during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Since the end of the war, Basra's prosperity has gathered numerous population. Today Basra's majority is of Arab Shi'ite Muslims, with Sunni Muslims and Christians as minority. 743:, while the rest had become desert. This system consists of a regular pattern of two-meter-high ridges in straight lines, separated by old canal beds. The ridges are extremely saline, with salt deposits up to 20 centimeters thick, and are completely barren. The former canal beds are less salty and can support a small population of salt-resistant plants. 1472:

Khalaf was appointed Police Chief by the central government with the task of taking on the militias. He was outspoken against the targeting of women by the militias. Talking to the BBC, he said that his determination to tackle the militia had led to almost daily assassination attempts. This was taken as sign that he was serious in opposing the militias.

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irrigation and other agricultural use. These canals were once used to transport goods and people throughout the city, but during the last two decades, pollution and a continuous drop in water levels have made river navigation impossible in the canals. Basra is roughly 110 km (68 mi) from the Persian Gulf. The city is located along the

3031:). They often acted as Safavid proxies and were led by a Safavid governor. They participated in campaigns against the Arabs of southern Iraq and Basra. Matthee notes that even though they were nominal Safavid subjects, they had a broad scope of autonomy, and their territory served as a buffer between the Ottomans and the Iranians. 4462: 2525:. Corniche al-Basra is a street which runs on the shore of the Shatt al-Arab; it goes from the Lion of Babylon Square to the Four Palaces. Basra International Hotel (formally known as Basra Sheraton Hotel) is located on the Corniche street. The first five star hotel in the city, it is notable for its 2443:

live in the city, whose headquarters was in the area formerly called Suk esh-Sheikh. Basra is home to second highest concentration of the Mandaean community, after Baghdad. As of recent estimates 350 Mandaean families are found in the city. Dair al-Yahya is one of the most important Mandaean temples,

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as his suzerain who in turn confirmed him as governor of Basra. The Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire exercised a great deal of independence, and they even often raised their own troops. Though Basra had submitted to the Ottomans, the Ottoman hold over Basra was tenuous at the time. This changed a

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visited Basra in the 14th century, noting it "was renowned throughout the whole world, spacious in area and elegant in its courts, remarkable for its numerous fruit-gardens and its choice fruits, since it is the meeting place of the two seas, the salt and the fresh." Ibn Battuta also noted that Basra

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The British transferred control of Basra province to the Iraqi authorities in 2007, four-and-a-half years after the invasion. A BBC survey of local residents found that 86% thought the presence of British forces since 2003 had had an overall negative effect on the province. Major-General Abdul Jalil

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pleaded to the caliph Umar that, whereas other Muslim settlers were established in well-watered areas with extensive farmland, the people of Basra had only "reedy salt marsh which never dries up and where pasture never grows, bounded on the east by brackish water and on the west by waterless desert.

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An all-time high temperature was recorded on 22 July 2016, when daytime readings soared to 53.9 °C (129.0 °F), which is the highest temperature that has ever been recorded in Iraq. This is one of the hottest temperatures ever measured on the planet. The following night, the night time low

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ruler, Basra and the Moshasha became part of the Safavid Empire. This was the first time Basra had come under Safavid suzerainty. In 1524, following Ismail I's death, the local ruling dynasty of Basra, the Al-Mughamis, resumed effective control over the city. Twelve years later, in 1536, during the

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These air strikes, by British and USAF warplanes and U.S. cruise missiles, were said to be in response to a release of a report by UN weapons inspectors stating that, as of 1998, the government of Iraq was obstructing their inspection work. Following the four days of bombing in December, the Iraqi

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His proper name and position description appears to be in error, in that he appears to have held a more junior role at the time. Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur was Iraqi Information Minister between 1997 and 2001. The Iraqi Information Minister between 1991 and 1996 was Hamid Yusuf Hammadi. See

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on the southeastern coast of Basra Governorate, which is considered a national project for Iraq, is expected to strengthen Iraq's geopolitical position by giving the country the largest port in the Middle East and one of the largest in the world. Furthermore, Iraq is planning to establish a large

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Sayyed Ali al-Musawi Mosque, also known as the Mosque of the Children of Amer, is located in the city centre, on Al-Gazear Street, and it was built for Shia Imami's leader Sayyed Ali al-Moussawi, whose followers lived in Iraq and neighbouring countries. The Fun City of Basra, which is now called

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than inland locations due to its location near the coast. During the summer months, from June to August, Basra is consistently one of the hottest cities on the planet, with temperatures regularly exceeding 50 °C (122 °F) in July and August. In winter Basra experiences mild and somewhat

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took Basra in 1529. In 1550, the local Kingdom of Basra and tribal rulers trusted the Portuguese against the Ottomans, from then on the Portuguese threatened to invoke an invasion and conquest of Basra several times. From 1595 the Portuguese acted as military protectors of Basra, and in 1624 the

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slaves from Africa were put to work on these construction projects, most of the labor was done by free men working for wages. Governors sometimes directly supervised these projects, but usually they simply assigned the land while most of the financing was done by private investors. The result of

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Basra is known as "Iraq's economic and industrial capital". The strategic location made the city, had transformed the city an important hub of trade and commerce. Basra's economy is largely dependent on the oil and heavy industry. In the early 1970s, Basra was chosen as a nodal point for Iraq's

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calculated that 45 million tons of earth were moved in total, and with his extremely high estimate of one man moving two tons of soil per day, this would have taken a decade of strenuous work by 25,000 men. Ultimately, Basra's irrigation canals were unsustainable, because they were built at too

559:. Basra is home to numerous tourist spots including mosques, palaces, churches, synagogues, parks and beaches. It has transformed itself into a modern bustling metropolis, with a port and airport. In recent years, the city has attracted a large number of investments, increasing its prosperity. 1459:

infiltration into the Iraqi Police. When the police attempted to pull the soldiers out of their car, they opened fire on the officers, killing two. The SAS soldiers attempted to escape before being beaten and arrested by the police, who took them to the Al Jameat Police Station. British forces

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Basra is located in the Arabian Peninsula on the Shatt-Al-Arab waterway, downstream of which is the Persian Gulf. The Shatt-Al-Arab and Basra waterways define the eastern and western borders of Basra, respectively. The city is penetrated by a complex network of canals and streams, vital for

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Basra Land, is one of the oldest theme-park entertainment cities in the south of the country, and the largest involving a large number of games giants. It was damaged during the war, and has been rebuilt. Akhora Park is one of the city's older parks. It is located on al-Basra Street.

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of Basra in repelling a Persian invasion. The Portuguese were granted a share of the customs revenue and freedom from tolls. From about 1625 until 1668, Basra and the Delta marshlands were in the hands of local chieftains independent of the Ottoman administration at Baghdad.

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these investments was a massive irrigation system covering some 57,000 hectares between the Shatt al-Arab and the now-dry western channel of the Tigris. This system was first reported in 962, when just 8,000 hectares of it remained in use, for the cultivation of

1464:, storming the police station and transporting them to a safe location. A civilian crowd gathered around the rescue force during the incident and attacked it; three British soldiers were injured and two members of the crowd were purportedly killed. The British 490:. Basra is consistently one of the hottest cities in Iraq, with summer temperatures regularly exceeding 50 °C (122 °F). The hottest recorded temperature in Basra is 53.9°C. A major industrial center of Iraq, the majority of the city's population are 2544:) is one of the main bazaars in the city. It is called the Indian Market, since it had Indian vendors working there at the beginning of the last century. Hanna-Sheikh Bazaar is an old market; it was established by the powerful and famous Hanna-Sheikh family. 1571:

moist conditions with average high temperatures around 20 °C (68 °F). On some winter nights, minimum temperatures are below 0 °C (32 °F). High humidity – sometimes exceeding 90% – is common due to the proximity to the marshy Persian Gulf.

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and thus lacked access to maritime trade and, more importantly, to fresh water. Additionally, neither historical texts nor archaeological finds indicate that there was much of an agricultural hinterland in the area before Basra was founded.

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received Basra as a fief. In 1126, Zengi suppressed a revolt and in 1129, Dabis looted the Basra state treasury. A 1200 map "on the eve of the Mongol invasions" shows the Abbasid Caliphate as ruling lower Iraq and, presumably, Basra.

2593:) has its headquarters in the city. Basra has emerged as an important commercial and industrial center for the country, as the city is home to a large number of manufacturing industries ranging from petrochemical to water treatment. 2432:, many Christians have returned to their homeland in the Nineveh plains. In 2018 there are about a few thousand Christians in Basra. The Armenian Church in Basra, dates from 1736 but has been rebuilt three times. The portrait of the 2677:

is the main deep-water port with 22 platforms, some of which are dedicated to specific goods (such as sulphur, seeds, lubricant oil, etc.) The other five ports are smaller in scale and more narrowly specialized. The city also has

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decade later; in 1546, following a tribal struggle involving the Moshasha and the local ruler of Zakiya (near Basra), the Ottomans sent a force to Basra. This resulted in tighter (but still, nominal) Ottoman control over Basra.

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Contemporary authors recorded how the Zanj slaves were put to work clearing the fields of salty topsoil and putting them into piles; the result was the ridges that remain today. This represents an enormous amount of work:

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adds: "If the first two reveal that Basra was still predominantly an Arab town, the existence of an Iranian quarter clearly reveals the legacy of long centuries of intimate contact between Basra and the Iranian plateau."

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against the lack of clean drinking water and electrical power in the city during the height of summer in 2018. Some protesters stormed the Iranian consulate in the city. In 2023, the city hosted the long scheduled

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following the 2003 invasion. Workers in Basra's oil industry have been involved in extensive organization and labour conflict. They held a two-day strike in August 2003, and formed the nucleus of the independent

551:, Basra is known as the country's economic capital. It has emerged as an important commercial and industrial center for the country, as the city is home to a large number of manufacturing industries ranging from 2506:

is the first mosque in Islam outside the Arabian peninsula. Sinbad Island is located in the centre of Shatt Al-Arab, near the Miinaalmakl, and extends above the Bridge Khaled and is a tourist landmark. The

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were recorded in the Ottoman census as early as 1911, and a small number of them live in Basra. However, a significant number of the modern community are refugees fleeing persecution from ISIS in the

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initially denied carrying out the operation, which was criticised by Iraqi officials, before subsequently admitting it and claiming the two soldiers would have been executed if they were not rescued.

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in the direction of Kuwait was a Sunni majority town, but the burgeoning population of Basra has spilled over into Zubair, turning it into an extension of Basra with a slight Shia majority as well.

1220:) subsequently modernized Basra's harbor, which due to the increased commercial activity in the area became one of the most important ports in the Persian Gulf, developing new mercantile links with 698:

reorganised the Persian frontier, installed ʿAbdullah ibn Amir as Basra's governor, and put the military's southern wing under Basra's control. Ibn Amir led his forces to their final victory over

3987: 663:, which was destroyed by the Arabs. The name Al-Basrah, which in Arabic means "the over watching" or "the seeing everything," was given to it because of its role as a military base against the 2521:

is the largest sport city in the Middle East, located on the Shatt al-Basra. Palm tree forests are largely located on the shores of Shatt-al Arab waterway, especially in the nearby village of

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reconquered Basra in 691, and Basra remained loyal to his governor al-Hajjaj during Ibn Ashʿath's mutiny (699–702). However, Basra did support the rebellion of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab against

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was appointed Caliph. Ali first installed Uthman ibn Hanif as Basra's governor, who was followed by ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAbbas. These men held the city for Ali until the latter's death in 661.

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in 1932. Basra was point of conflict between Iraq and Iran over the Shatt al-Arab. In the 1970s, the city experienced an economic boom. Basra was targeted by the Iranian Forces during the

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There are four formal presidential palaces in Basra, built by Saddam Hussein. One of them has been converted into a museum. The Latin Church is located on 14 July Street. Indian Market (

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Basra designed by the Portuguese at the end of the 16th century, according to the representation of the "Lyvro de plantaforma of the fortresses of India" codex of São julião da Barra

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reported "about 4000 Jews and perhaps 6000 Christians" living in Basra Vilayet, but no Turks other than Ottoman officials. In 1884 the Ottomans responded to local pressure from the

768:'s death in 683. The Sufyanids' first governor was Umayyad ʿAbdullah, a renowned military leader, commanding fealty and financial demands from Karballah, but poor governor. In 664, 4263: 2459:. During the 1930s, the Jews constituted 9.8% of the total population. However, most of them fled after a series of persecution, which began in 1941 and lasted till 1951. Between 1320:

erected 99 memorial statues to Iraqi military officers killed during the war along the bank of the Shatt-al-Arab river, all pointing their fingers towards Iran. After the 1991

2647:, and livestock. For a long time, Basra was known for the superior quality of its dates. Basra was known in the 1960s for its sugar market, a fact that figured heavily in the 2600:

industry, which includes the Southern Fertilizer Company and The State Company for Petrochemical Industries (SCPI). The Southern Fertilizer Company produces ammonia solution,

1490:. In April 2008, following the failure to disarm militant groups, both Major-General Abdul Jalil Khalaf and General Mohan Furaiji were removed from their positions in Basra. 4289: 1343:

against Basra on 25 January 1999. The airstrikes resulted in missiles landing in the al-Jumhuriya neighborhood of Basra, killed 11 Iraqi civilians and wounding 59. General

2932:, Ahmad and Abu flee to the city from Bagdad. Ahmad falls in love with the sultan's beautiful daughter, who is also desired by his enemy, and former Grand Vizier, Jaffar. 2301:

Basra Metropolitan Region comprises three towns—Basra city proper, Al-ʿAshar, and Al-Maʿqil—and several villages. In Basra the vast majority of the population are ethnic

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led to mass executions by the Iraqi government in and around Basra. Subsequently, the Iraqi government deliberately neglected the city, and much commerce was diverted to

1509:, after concerns over preparations and security. Iraq was also due to host the 2013 tournament, but that was moved to Bahrain. At least 10 demonstrators died as they 2515:. There is also a statue of Sayab, one of the statues in Basra done by the artist and sculptor Nada' Kadhum, located on al-Basrah Corniche; it was unveiled in 1972. 2463:, fewer than 300 Jews remained in the city. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, most of them emigrated to abroad. The Tweig Synagogue in Basra, is currently abandoned. 6378: 1328:

erupted in Basra. The widespread revolt was against the Iraqi government who violently put down the rebellion, with much death and destruction inflicted on Basra.

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and surrounding areas during this time. Political groups centered in Basra were reported to have close links with political parties already in power in the

776:, often called "ibn Abihi" ("son of his own father"), who became infamous for his draconian rules regarding public order. On Ziyad's death in 673, his son 513:, from 1697 to 1701. Basra came under Portuguese control, from 1526 to 1668. The city remained under the administration of the Ottoman Empire, as part of 6276: 3200:

Arce, Ignacio (1 January 2008). "Umayyad Building Techniques and the Merging of Roman-Byzantine and Partho-Sassanian Traditions: Continuity and Change".

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population is small and dropping in their percentage as more Iraqi Shias move into Basra for various job or welfare opportunities. The satellite town of

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amid fears of an uprising. ʿUbayd Allah amassed an army of thousands of soldiers and fought Husayn's army of approximately 70 in a place called

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according to Floor (2008), a certain Shaykh Afrasiyab (the local ruler of Basra, not to be mistaken with the later Afrasiyab of Basra) came to

2511:, at the union of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was completed in 2017. Sayab's House Ruins is the site of the most famous home of the poet 6143: 5735: 5662: 3625: 2360:. The Zanj are an African Muslim ethnic group living in Iraq and are a mix of African peoples taken from the coast of the area of modern-day 748: 3581: 1027:

The Arab Al-Mughamis tribe established control over Basra in the early fifteenth century, however, they quickly fell under influence of the

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was founded in 1964. By 1977, the population had risen to a peak population of some 1.5 million. The population declined during the

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Basra's infrastructure was planned. Why Basra was chosen as a site for the new city remains unclear. The original site lay 15km from the

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a few kilometers south of the present city still marks the original site which was a military site. While defeating the forces of the

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development. A number of projects were launched during this period, such as oil refineries and chemical plants. In April 2017, the

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temperature was 38.8 °C (101.8 °F), which was one of the highest minimum temperatures on any given day, only outshone by

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near Kufa. ʿUbayd Allah's army was victorious; Husayn and his followers were killed and their heads were sent to Yazid as proof.

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We have no cultivation or stock farming to provide us with our livelihood or food, which comes to us as through the throat of an

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In March through to May 2003, the outskirts of Basra were the scene of some of the heaviest fighting in the beginning of the

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Madelung, Wilferd. "Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr and the Mahdi" in the Journal of Near Eastern Studies 40. 1981. pp. 291–305.

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The city of Basra was once well known for its agriculture, but that has since altered due to rising temperatures, increased

1371:(GUOE) in June 2004. The union held a one-day strike in July 2005, and publicly opposes plans for privatizing the industry. 1465: 3044:

in 1504 to pledge his allegiance to Ismail I. Ismail I in turn confirmed him in his possessions and position as governor (

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living in the eastern side of the city, they are mainly merchants. In addition to the Arabs, there is also a community of

1432:. January 2005 elections saw several radical politicians gain office, supported by religious parties. American journalist 1397:, captured the city on 6 April 2003. This city was the first stop for the United States and the United Kingdom during the 988:

sacked Baghdad and ended Abbasid rule. By some accounts, Basra capitulated to the Mongols to avoid a massacre. The Mamluk

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means "the overwatcher," which may have been an allusion to the city's origin as an Arab military base against the

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Shipping, logistics and transport are also major industries in Basra. Basra is home to all of Iraq's six ports;

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Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit

3139: 3091: 1267:(1939–1945), Basra was an important port through which flowed much of the equipment and supplies sent to the 952:

Buyid dynasty. He was the first Seljuk ruler to style himself Sultan and Protector of the Abbasid Caliphate.

4264:"Basra, cradle of Islamic culture. An analysis of the urban area that was the early home of Islamic Studies" 1358:. These alleged abuses are to feature amongst the charges against the former regime to be considered by the 517:, which was populated mainly by Shi'ite Muslims and flourished as a commercial and trade center. During the 3113: 2812: 1405: 1394: 324: 5965: 4622: 936: 6373: 2963: 2916: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2679: 2667: 2456: 2429: 2417: 1567: 1332: 979: 891:

by the agricultural slaves of the lowlands affected the area. In 871, the Zanj sacked Basra. In 923, the

506: 4290:"Christians in Basra, Iraq, extend invitation to those who emigrated: 'Come home to peace and security'" 2694:

Basra is Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of

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The city was founded at the beginning of the Islamic era in 636 and began as a garrison encampment for

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from the Ottomans, occupying the city on 22 November 1914. British officials and engineers (including

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The city was built in 636. It played an important role as a regional hub of trade and commerce in the

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Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri

2943:," the character Lee Keegan crash lands his plane in the streets of Basra during the opening chapter. 2763: 2625: 1591:. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Basra was −4.7 °C (23.5 °F) on 22 January 1964. 179: 4873: 6312: 6111: 5751: 2743: 2621: 1413: 1074: 406: 4668: 3632: 3573: 1475:

In March 2008, the Iraqi Army launched a major offensive, code-named Charge of the White Knights (

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consisted of three-quarters: the Hudayl quarter, the Banu Haram quarter, and the Iranian quarter (

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The city has had many names throughout history, Basrah being the most common. In Arabic, the word

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Basra was, for a long time, a flourishing commercial and cultural center. It was captured by the

1005: 833: 522: 3949:"Two Middle East locations hit 129 degrees, hottest ever in Eastern Hemisphere, maybe the world" 3165: 5701: 5237: 5099: 4778: 4549: 3508: 3317: 3244:"The Feeding of the five Hundred Thousand: Cities and Agriculture in Early Islamic Mesopotamia" 2936: 2613: 2586: 2556: 2508: 2495: 1484: 1384: 1380: 1325: 1272: 1213: 1200:

Turkish prisoners passing along the bank of Ashar Creek, nearing Whiteley's Bridge, Basra 1917.

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and was the scene of repeated attempts at resistance. From 1697 to 1701, Basra was once again

856:. During the time of the Abbasids, Basra became an intellectual center and home to the elite 6249: 6129: 5890: 5837: 5625: 5383: 5290: 5270: 3860: 2512: 1515: 1494: 1461: 1398: 1359: 1040: 777: 675: 398: 4192: 3707: 6036: 5880: 5847: 5784: 5766: 5731: 5094: 4971: 4923: 3904: 3882: 3816: 3794: 2978: 2648: 2377: 1440: 1290: 996:

map (1300–1405) shows Basra as being under Mongol control. In 1290 fighting erupted at the

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were the Buyid rulers of Basra during the 970s, 980s and 990s. Sanad al-Dawla al-Habashi (

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Matthee, Rudi (2006a). "Between Arabs, Turks and Iranians: The Town of Basra, 1600-1700".

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Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra

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emerging after a collapse of civilization, and becomes in effect the capital of the world.

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Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge University Press, 2005

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briefly occupied Basra after a long siege in 1775–9. The Zands attempted at introducing

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ruled Baghdad and most of Iraq. Abu al Qasim al-Baridis, who still controlled Basra and

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in Basra. The two soldiers were part of an SAS operation investigating allegations of

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In 639, Umar established this encampment as a city with five districts, and appointed

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Finally, Ibn al-Zubayr appointed his own brother Mus'ab. In 686, the revolutionary

671: 4705: 4701: 4640: 122: 104: 6292: 6189: 6086: 6056: 5930: 5755: 5678: 5668: 5469: 5436: 5197: 5164: 4981: 4847: 3732: 3170: 3046: 2793: 2290: 1487: 1186: 1156: 1061: 919: 830:. In 687, Musʿab defeated al-Mukhtar with the help of Kufans who Mukhtar exiled. 800: 789: 664: 652: 641: 556: 533: 439: 334: 4576:"PM lays Foundation Stone for next phase of Grand Faw Port | Iraq Business News" 2552: 1089:

in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th century. Main cities, ports and routes.

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Basra is in a fertile agricultural region, with major products including rice,

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out of Basra. The assault was planned by General Mohan Furaiji and approved by

1433: 1310: 1244: 1209: 1141: 1137: 1103: 888: 810:

Ibn al-Harith spent his year in office trying to put down Nafi' ibn al-Azraq's

785: 579: 526: 46: 4753: 3361: 3260: 3243: 3213: 1289:

The population of Basra was 101,535 in 1947, and reached 219,167 in 1957. The

1035:, successively. The Al-Mughamis' control of Basra had become nominal by 1436; 674:

as its first governor. The city was built in a circular plan according to the

6342: 6096: 5973: 5827: 5503: 5406: 5241: 5114: 4931: 4729: 4384: 3221: 2983: 2940: 2834: 2821: 2799: 2775: 2683: 2597: 2485: 2349: 1998: 1588: 1566:), like the rest of the surrounding region, though it receives slightly more 1536: 1344: 1123: 1098: 989: 903: 769: 714: 699: 552: 514: 483: 263: 250: 35: 4742:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

4550:"Iraq to sign $ 2.625 billion Grand Faw port contract with S.Korea's Daewoo" 4069: 3649:

Paul Koring (26 January 1999). "USAF air strikes kill 11, injure 59: Iraq".

6316: 6302: 6253: 6133: 6100: 6030: 5987: 5586: 5473: 5274: 4961: 3023:

found mainly on the edges of the marshes alongside the Safavid province of

2787: 2652: 2644: 2640: 2407: 1584: 1540: 1506: 1448: 1268: 1264: 1152: 1119: 1028: 997: 930: 722: 487: 3980:"Think you're hot? Spare a thought for Kuwait, as mercury hits record 54C" 3927:"Unrest intensifies in Iraq as Iranian consulate and oil facility stormed" 1231: 992:

map (1250–1382) shows Basra as being under their area of control, and the

826:

led an insurrection at Kufa, and put an end to ʿUbaydullah ibn Ziyad near

659:

erected his camp on the site of an old Persian military settlement called

6286: 6153: 6040: 5997: 5884: 5851: 5788: 5629: 5533: 5129: 4790: 3746: 3357: 3003: 2958: 2920: 2908: 2781: 2739: 2433: 2342: 1278: 1221: 1205: 1020: 1011: 985: 945: 884: 518: 4761: 4348: 4042:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Basra" 1501:, a newly built multi-use sports complex. The tournament was shifted to 140: 6326: 6243: 6223: 6123: 6080: 5609: 5493: 5387: 5304: 5221: 5060: 4995: 3020: 2968: 2866: 2857: 2704: 2526: 2425: 2353: 1480: 1282: 1032: 892: 823: 811: 780:

became governor. In 680, Yazid I ordered ʿUbayd Allah to keep order in

628: 4696:

Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam. Routledge. 2nd ed, 2000

3604:"Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants" 458:) is a port city in southern Iraq. It is the capital of the eponymous 5954: 5924: 5357: 5337: 5284: 5251: 5231: 5169: 5139: 5134: 5005: 4965: 2449: 2440: 2411: 2310: 1452: 1340: 1225: 993: 849: 761: 740: 679: 590: 548: 491: 389: 2491: 2471: 1097:

under the command of António Tenreiro crossed from Aleppo to Basra.

501:. Historically, Basra is one of the ports, from which the fictional 6193: 5944: 5904: 5894: 5725: 5523: 5367: 5070: 4945: 3410: 3408: 3406: 2895: 2846: 2695: 2674: 2663: 2609: 2605: 2530: 2306: 1390: 1355: 1321: 1182: 1094: 1081: 1070: 1050: 876: 865: 864:. Several outstanding intellectuals of the age were Basrans; Arab 837: 792: 529:, under the rule of Faisal I and influenced by the United KIngdom. 4166:"From palm trees to homes: Iraqi agricultural land lost to desert" 4070:"Climate: Basra – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table" 2655:

1 AC 350. Fishing was an important business before the oil boom.

2481: 6070: 6050: 5808: 5619: 5566: 5562: 5420: 5347: 5144: 4955: 4783:

Encyclopaedia Iranica (Vol. XIII, Fasc. 5 and Vol. XIII, Fasc. 6)

3513:

Encyclopaedia Iranica (Vol. XIII, Fasc. 5 and Vol. XIII, Fasc. 6)

2939:"Operation Motherland," the second book in the post-apocalyptic " 2826: 2399: 1544: 1526: 1255: 1174:

Basrans. The shortness of the Zand rule rendered this untenable.

1168: 868: 843: 804: 765: 731: 623: 594: 521:, the British forces captured Basra and incorporated it into the 510: 467: 93: 3403: 818:. In 685, Ibn al-Zubayr, requiring a practical ruler, appointed 129: 6296: 6090: 6060: 5934: 5715: 5682: 5672: 5440: 5211: 5050: 4985: 3041: 2882: 2873: 2636: 2529:

style exterior design. The hotel was heavily looted during the

1576: 1502: 1317: 949: 695: 691: 394: 50: 34:"Basrah" redirects here. For the village in eastern Yemen, see 4481: 6213: 6163: 5914: 5861: 5652: 5556: 5483: 5450: 5430: 5377: 5149: 3489: 2900: 2878: 2830: 2632: 2596:

Substantial economic activity in Basra is centred around the

2403: 2361: 2302: 1460:

subsequently identified the location of the two soldiers and

1429: 1425: 1243:

and a further 40,000 with no known grave are commemorated at

1160: 1106: 933:, was governor of Basra and built a library of 15,000 books. 907: 827: 471: 42: 4819: 4598:"PM Kadhimi lays foundation stone of Basra's Grand Faw port" 3626:"National Intelligence Survey. Iraq. Section 41, Population" 3529: 2730:

The city is home to the largest sports stadium in Iraq, the

2406:

Shiism. It is known as the "Cradle of Islamic Culture." The

910:, were defeated and their lands taken by the Buyids in 947. 5977: 5831: 5410: 4935: 4914: 4048: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3007: 2862: 2850: 2841: 2601: 2395: 2365: 2357: 1580: 1302: 1171: 1164: 1045: 1039:

control of Basra from 1436 to 1508 was in the hands of the

955:

The Great Friday Mosque was constructed in Basra. In 1122,

880: 796: 781: 735: 703: 644: 637: 420: 291: 4320:"Ethnic Mandaeans Killed In Iraqi Jewelry Store Robberies" 6306: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 2452:, who also reverred by the Jews, Christians and Muslims. 2364:

as slaves in the 900s. They now number around 200,000 in

2258: 973: 707: 4909: 3420: 1185:

of the south by detaching the southern districts of the

4489:"Iraqi parliament recognizes Basra as economic capital" 4015:. Iraqi Meteorological Department. 1970. Archived from 3442: 3440: 593:. Others have argued that the name is derived from the 4791:

Les cadis d'Iraq et l'Etat abbasside (132/750-334/945)

4700:

Longrigg, Steven Helmsley; Lang, Katherine H. (2015).

3769:"British smash jail walls to free 2 arrested soldiers" 3452: 3391: 3372: 2772:, a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. 4524:"Iraq's Al Faw port to become largest in Middle East" 3087:"In the 'Venice of the East,' a history of diversity" 4633: 3437: 3019:

The Moshasha were a tribal confederation of radical

1239:

The graves of around 5,000 men from WW1 both are at

453: 4798:

Into The Red Zone: A Journey into the Soul of Iraq

4510:"After restructuring, South Oil Company is renamed" 3631:. Central Intelligence Agency. 1960. Archived from 1374: 4863:Muhammad and the Spread of Islam by Sanderson Beck 3574:"Iraqi Army's Assault on Militias in Basra Stalls" 3050:) of Basra. Thus, Floor's stance differs slightly. 2919:," where the "Modern State" is at the centre of a 2750:is among the elite Arab teams that compete at the 1073:ruler of Basra, Rashid ibn Mughamis, acknowledged 4835:Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit 4702:"Basra from the Mongol conquest to modern period" 3540:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 489. 1305:and was the site of many fierce battles, such as 6340: 2575:, estimated to be more 115 billion barrels (18.3 1408:ripped through the city, killing 74 people. The 1235:The Gate to the British War Cemetery Basra 2024. 1043:. In the latter year, during the reign of King ( 948:was the leader of the Seljuks, who expelled the 682:from 639 to 642, and was ordered by Umar to aid 6379:Populated places established in the 7th century 4049:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3352: 3350: 2806: 970:was born in Basra on or between 1131 and 1135. 686:, then fighting Iran from a new, more easterly 3942: 3940: 2766:, known as Rabia of Basra, early Muslim mystic 2608:gas, while the SCPI focus on such products as 2568:recognized Basra as Iraq's economic capital. 2439:One of the largest communities of pre-Islamic 2436:in the church was brought from India in 1882. 2402:Shiism progressively being overwhelmed by the 1539:waterway, 55 kilometers (34 mi) from the 844:Abbasid Caliphate and its Golden Age: 750–1258 624:Foundation by the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) 482:, the city is situated along the banks of the 4895: 4463:"العراق يخطط لإنشاء قاعدة عسكرية بحرية كبيرة" 4140:"BASRAH INT. AIRPORT – Weather data by month" 3297:Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World 3114:"Basra, Iraq Metro Area Population 1950-2024" 2444:located in Basra. The temple is dedicated to 2273:for rainy days and sunshine Ogimet Meteomanz 755: 4699: 4427:https://presidency.iq/EN/Details.aspx?id=922 3431: 3347: 3291: 3289: 2313:tribes. The tribes located in Basra include 4287: 3937: 3648: 2341:tribes (descendants of Muhammad) and other 2280: 1113: 4902: 4888: 4793:. Institut Français du Proche-Orient, 2009 4779:"IRAQ iv. RELATIONS IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD" 4092:"Basra Climate and Weather Averages, Iraq" 3971: 3509:"IRAQ iv. RELATIONS IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD" 3084: 3735:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. 3524: 3522: 3470: 3286: 3259: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 1140:in 1668. It was fought over by Turks and 640:tribesmen constituting the armies of the 4841:Iraq Image – Basra Satellite Observation 4776: 4739: 3612:Statistical Office of the United Nations 3458: 3414: 3397: 3385: 3366:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8 3328: 3137: 2718: 2662: 2551: 2490: 2480: 2470: 2385: 1525: 1412:, under British command, was engaged in 1393:in 2003. The British forces, led by the 1277: 1254: 1250: 1230: 1195: 1127: 1080: 935: 795:. 'Ubayd Allah took over the control of 627: 614: 566: 4010:"Iraqi Meteorological Department, 1970" 3946: 3506: 3241: 2784:, English cricketer, 1981 born in Basra 2738:. The city is also home to sports team 929:–977), the brother of the Emir of Iraq 601:, meaning "place of huts, settlement." 478:at the north-easternmost extent of the 14: 6341: 4233: 3977: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3567: 3519: 3487: 3356: 3228: 2907:The city of Basra has a major role in 2533:, and it has been renovated recently. 1543:and 545 kilometers (339 mi) from 974:Mongol rule and thereafter: 1258–1500s 4883: 4674: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4343: 4341: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4258: 4256: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4163: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3584:from the original on 11 December 2008 3571: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3446: 3002:The Al-Mughamis were a branch of the 2734:, which hosts several matches of the 2455:The city was also home to one of the 860:, the rival and sister school of the 788:'s popularity as the grandson of the 4830:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. 4669:Bibliography of the history of Basra 3990:from the original on 23 October 2016 3199: 1410:Multi-National Division (South-East) 4679:. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. 4234:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 3488:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 3138:Abdullah, Thabit (1 January 2001). 3062:List of Iraqi Information Ministers 1598:Climate data for Basra (1991-2020) 1547:, Iraq's capital and largest city. 1447:(SAS) soldiers were stopped by the 1285:of the old part of Basra city, 1954 443: 24: 6369:7th-century establishments in Asia 5015: 4495: 4431: 4366: 4338: 4307: 4253: 4236:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 4210: 4180: 3795:"UK troops return Basra to Iraqis" 3747:"UK soldiers 'freed from militia'" 3663: 3544: 3490:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2589:. The Basra Oil Company (formerly 721:Indeed, in an anecdote related by 706:. In 656, Uthman was murdered and 532:It became part of the independent 466:city in Iraq overall, behind only 352:50−75 km (21 sq mi) 25: 6390: 4868:The Textual History of the Qur'an 4812: 3959:from the original on 23 July 2016 3839:"Basra militants targeting women" 3817:"Basra residents blame UK troops" 2757: 2752:Arab Club Basketball Championship 2682:, with service into Baghdad with 632:The ‘Ashshār creek in Basrah Town 4708:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 3905:"Basra security leaders removed" 3883:"Uncertainty follows Basra exit" 3477:. University Press. p. 236. 3085:Sam Dagher (18 September 2007). 2872: 2856: 2840: 2820: 2428:. But ever since the victory of 1493:Basra was scheduled to host the 1424:, despite opposition from Iraqi 1375:Post-Saddam period: 2003–present 1067:Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555 848:In the late 740s, Basra fell to 360:181 km (70 sq mi) 284: 218: 211: 185: 178: 146: 139: 128: 121: 110: 103: 92: 4722:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23813 4662: 4615: 4590: 4568: 4542: 4516: 4455: 4420: 4402: 4324:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4288:SyriacPress (26 January 2024). 4281: 4157: 4132: 4106: 4084: 4062: 4034: 4002: 3947:Samenow, Jason (22 July 2016). 3919: 3897: 3875: 3853: 3831: 3809: 3787: 3761: 3739: 3725: 3642: 3618: 3596: 3500: 3481: 3464: 3333:. London: Picador. p. 60. 3322: 3311: 3302: 3053: 3034: 3013: 3006:who inhabited the area between 2996: 2698:. However, construction of the 2296: 1055: 820:Umar ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ma'mar 694:. In 650, the Rashidun Caliph 678:. Abu Musa led the conquest of 619:Ashar Creek and bazaar, c. 1915 4716:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 4623:"Basrah International Stadium" 3978:Tapper, James (23 July 2016). 3572:Glanz, James (27 March 2008). 3277: 3268: 3193: 3180: 3158: 3131: 3106: 3078: 2954:List of largest cities of Iraq 1369:General Union of Oil Employees 902:From 945 to 1055, the Iranian 13: 1: 4114:"40689: Basrah-Hussen (Iraq)" 3092:The Christian Science Monitor 3071: 2888: 2509:Muhhmad Baquir Al-Sadr Bridge 2430:Iraq against the ISIS in 2017 1561:Köppen climate classification 1339:fighter jets carried out two 923: 572: 219: 199:Location of Basra within Iraq 186: 4389:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 3885:. BBC News. 15 December 2007 3863:. BBC News. 17 December 2007 3841:. BBC News. 15 November 2007 3819:. BBC News. 14 December 2007 3797:. BBC News. 16 December 2007 2807:Twin towns and sister cities 2658: 2466: 2390:The Armenian Church in Basra 1521: 1462:carried out a rescue mission 895:, an extremist Muslim sect, 676:Partho-Sasanian architecture 655:there, the Muslim commander 562: 7: 4874:Codex of Abu Musa al-Ashari 4641:"Twin-cities of Azerbaijan" 4630:. Retrieved 8 October 2021. 3331:The Travels of Ibn Battutah 3186:See Mohammadi Malayeri, M. 2964:Basra International Airport 2947: 2917:The Shape of Things to Come 2736:Iraq national football team 2732:Basra International Stadium 2724:Basra International Stadium 2668:Basra International Airport 2651:remoteness of damages case 2371: 1857:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1717:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1333:Iraqi no-fly zones conflict 984:In 1258, the Mongols under 980:Safavid occupation of Basra 454: 10: 6395: 5013: 4666: 4528:Global Construction Review 2689: 2547: 2375: 2268: 2256: 1597: 1550: 1518:where the Iraqi team won. 1439:On 19 September 2005, two 1378: 1117: 977: 756:Umayyad Caliphate: 661–750 608: 604: 40: 33: 26: 6354:District capitals of Iraq 6263: 6110: 6017: 5966:al-Qādisiyyah Governorate 5964: 5871: 5818: 5765: 5742:al-Mejar Al-Kabi District 5692: 5639: 5596: 5543: 5460: 5397: 5324: 5261: 5178: 5080: 5027: 4922: 4754:10.1017/S0041977X06000036 4675:Floor, Willem M. (2008). 3907:. BBC News. 16 April 2008 3608:Demographic Yearbook 1955 3471:Livermore, H. V. (1947). 3261:10.1017/S0021088900000152 3214:10.1163/22134522-90000099 3154:– via Google Books. 2714: 2626:high-density polyethylene 2457:oldest Jewish communities 2209: 2162: 2114: 2070: 1996: 1926: 1856: 1786: 1716: 1646: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1006:Guelph and the Ghibelline 415: 405: 388: 377: 372: 364: 356: 345: 340: 330: 320: 315: 307: 297: 279: 244: 172: 168: 160: 85: 76: 63: 6112:Sulaymaniyah Governorate 4785:. pp. 556–560, 561. 3749:. BBC. 20 September 2005 3515:. pp. 556–560, 561. 3432:Longrigg & Lang 2015 3417:, pp. 556–560, 561. 3202:Late Antique Archaeology 2989: 2744:Al-Minaa Olympic Stadium 2680:an international airport 2622:low-density polyethylene 2573:4th largest oil reserves 2476:Ali Bin Abi Talib mosque 2281:Effect of climate change 1479:), aimed at forcing the 1414:foreign internal defense 1326:rebellion against Saddam 1179:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1114:Ottoman and British rule 1102:Portuguese assisted the 1075:Suleiman the Magnificent 1000:port of Basra among the 578:, by Dutch cartographer 67: 41:Not to be confused with 5311:Suq al-Shuyukh District 5188:Abu Al-Khaseeb District 4827:Encyclopædia Britannica 4777:Matthee, Rudi (2006b). 4410:"Maeg – Building ideas" 3773:San Francisco Chronicle 3655:. Toronto. p. A8. 3537:Encyclopædia Britannica 2746:as its home venue. Its 2686:—the national airline. 2448:, the chief prophet in 1364:Iraq Interim Government 1337:United States Air Force 1259:Model of Basra Dockyard 858:Basra School of Grammar 834:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 523:Mandate for Mesopotamia 5702:Ali Al-Gharbi District 5238:Shatt Al-Arab District 5021: 4876:, Arthur Jeffery, 1936 4870:, Arthur Jeffery, 1946 4714:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4120:. OGIMET. 19 June 2022 3507:Matthee, Rudi (2006). 3329:Battutah, Ibn (2002). 3318:Buscarello de Ghizolfi 3242:Kennedy, Hugh (2011). 2941:Afterblight Chronicles 2727: 2670: 2614:vinyl chloride monomer 2587:Al Basrah Oil Terminal 2560: 2557:Al Basrah Oil Terminal 2499: 2496:Muhhmad Baquir Al-Sadr 2488: 2478: 2391: 1531: 1385:Battle of Basra (2008) 1381:Battle of Basra (2003) 1286: 1273:Allies of World War II 1260: 1236: 1201: 1133: 1090: 1060:1501–1524), the first 941: 897:invaded and devastated 862:Kufa School of Grammar 778:ʿUbayd Allah ibn Ziyad 633: 620: 582: 486:that empties into the 474:. Located near the he 29:Basra (disambiguation) 6313:al-Nu'maniya District 6250:Sulaymaniyah District 6130:Darbandikhan District 5891:al-Hamdaniya District 5838:al-Manathera District 5752:Qal'at Saleh District 5626:Ain Al-Tamur District 5384:al-Miqdadiya District 5271:al-Chibayish District 5019: 4853:2003 Basra map (NIMA) 4846:19 April 2009 at the 3474:A History of Portugal 2722: 2666: 2571:Iraq has the world's 2555: 2513:Badr Shakir al-Sayyab 2494: 2484: 2474: 2389: 1529: 1516:25th Arabian Gulf Cup 1495:22nd Arabian Gulf Cup 1406:series of bomb blasts 1360:Iraq Special Tribunal 1352:second revolt in 1999 1281: 1258: 1251:Modern era: 1921–2003 1234: 1199: 1146:under Safavid control 1131: 1084: 978:Further information: 939: 631: 618: 570: 368:5 m (16 ft) 264:30.51500°N 47.81000°E 235:Show map of Near East 6273:Al-Aziziyah District 5848:al-Meshkhab District 5785:al-Rumaitha District 5767:Muthanna Governorate 5732:al-Maimouna District 5095:al-Istiqlal District 3274:(Madelung p. 303–04) 3166:Encyclopædia Iranica 2979:University of Basrah 2649:English contract law 2612:, caustic/chlorine, 2378:Christianity in Iraq 1647:Record high °C (°F) 1485:Iraqi Prime Minister 1404:On 21 April 2004, a 1395:7th Armoured Brigade 1291:University of Basrah 1132:Iraqi girls, c. 1917 774:Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan 684:Uthman ibn Abi al-As 492:Shi'ite Muslim Arabs 27:For other uses, see 6323:al-Suwaira District 6240:Sharbazher District 6120:Chamchamal District 6077:al-Shirqat District 6019:Saladin Governorate 6004:al-Shamiya District 5873:Nineveh Governorate 5775:al-Khidhir District 5606:al-Hindiya District 5598:Karbala Governorate 5545:Halabja Governorate 5490:Koy Sinjaq District 5301:al-Shatrah District 5263:Dhi Qar Governorate 5218:al-Midaina District 5100:al-Mada'in District 5090:Abu Ghraib District 5082:Baghdad Governorate 5067:al-Musayab District 5057:al-Mahawil District 4530:. 21 September 2021 4445:Basra Urban Profile 4326:. 23 September 2009 3953:The Washington Post 3933:. 8 September 2018. 3861:"Basra: The Legacy" 3775:. 20 September 2005 3638:on 23 January 2017. 3368:. pp. 851–855. 3175:Columbia University 2929:The Thief of Bagdad 2764:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 2748:basketball division 2504:Old Mosque of Basra 2398:city, with the old 2071:Average rainy days 1927:Record low °C (°F) 1787:Daily mean °C (°F) 1466:Ministry of Defence 1445:Special Air Service 1218:Sir George Buchanan 1189:and creating a new 968:Rashid-ad-Din-Sinan 672:Abu Musa al-Ash'ari 525:, and subsequently 260: / 18:Khor Al Zubair Port 6374:636 establishments 6230:Sharazoor District 6220:Saidsadiq District 5805:al-Samawa District 5795:al-Salman District 5694:Maysan Governorate 5641:Kirkuk Governorate 5354:al Khalis District 5334:Balad Ruz District 5326:Diyala Governorate 5291:al-Rifa'i District 5281:Nasiriyah District 5248:al-Zubair District 5120:al-Tarmia District 5105:Mahmudiya District 5037:Hashimiya District 5022: 4917:and their capitals 4796:Vincent, Stephen. 4789:Tillier, Mathieu. 4704:. In Fleet, Kate; 4628:gpsmartstadium.com 4556:. 23 December 2020 4164:Al-Rubaie, Azhar. 4072:. Climate-Data.org 3652:The Globe and Mail 3578:The New York Times 3308:Penny Encyclopedia 2974:Basra reed warbler 2728: 2671: 2618:polyvinyl chloride 2561: 2500: 2489: 2479: 2392: 2356:peoples, known as 1532: 1287: 1261: 1241:Basra War Cemetery 1237: 1202: 1134: 1091: 942: 772:replaced him with 661:Vaheštābād Ardašīr 634: 621: 583: 505:journeyed. It was 499:Islamic Golden Age 357: • Metro 331: • Mayor 269:30.51500; 47.81000 163:Venice of the East 58:Metropolis in Iraq 6336: 6335: 6265:Wasit Governorate 6200:Qaradagh District 5984:Diwaniya District 5951:Tel Kaif District 5941:Tel Afar District 5881:al-Ba'aj District 5820:Najaf Governorate 5722:al-Kahla District 5520:Shaqlawa District 5510:Mergasor District 5462:Erbil Governorate 5399:Duhok Governorate 5364:Khanaqin District 5228:al-Qurna District 5180:Basra Governorate 5047:Al-Hilla District 5029:Babil Governorate 5002:ar-Rutba District 4972:al-Qa'im District 4942:Fallujah District 4924:Anbar Governorate 4240:iranicaonline.org 4022:on 22 August 2020 3494:iranicaonline.org 2937:Scott K. Andrews' 2926:In the 1940 film 2790:, female activist 2778:, poet from Basra 2591:South Oil Company 2519:Basra Sports City 2394:Basra is a major 2277: 2276: 2117:relative humidity 1499:Basra Sports City 1418:Basra Governorate 1307:Operation Ramadan 957:Imad ad-Din Zengi 854:Abbasid Caliphate 840:during the 720s. 784:as a reaction to 764:held Basra until 727:al-Ahnaf ibn Qays 657:Utbah ibn Ghazwan 611:Timeline of Basra 571:View of Basra in 542:War of the cities 540:, as part of the 503:Sinbad the Sailor 480:Arabian Peninsula 462:, as well as the 460:Basra Governorate 452: 433: 432: 321: • Type 232:Basra (Near East) 16:(Redirected from 6386: 6180:Penjwen District 6067:Samarra District 6047:al-Daur District 5921:Shekhan District 5746:Al-Mejar Al-Kabi 5616:Kerbala District 5573:Khurmal District 5563:Halabja District 5500:Makhmur District 5417:Amadiya District 5344:Ba'quba District 4952:Haditha District 4904: 4897: 4890: 4881: 4880: 4831: 4823: 4786: 4773: 4733: 4690: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4637: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4506: 4493: 4492: 4491:. 27 April 2017. 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4440: 4429: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4381: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4345: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4316: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4260: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4231: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4189: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4094:. Weather2Travel 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4046: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4021: 4014: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3733:"Steven Vincent" 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3704: 3661: 3660: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3630: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3569: 3542: 3541: 3533: 3526: 3517: 3516: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3435: 3429: 3418: 3412: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3370: 3369: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3326: 3320: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3300: 3293: 3284: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3239: 3226: 3225: 3197: 3191: 3184: 3178: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3082: 3065: 3057: 3051: 3038: 3032: 3017: 3011: 3000: 2877: 2876: 2861: 2860: 2845: 2844: 2825: 2824: 2581: 2580: 2566:Iraqi Parliament 2446:John the Baptist 2263:Climate-Data.org 1595: 1594: 1555:Basra has a hot 1477:Saulat al-Fursan 1422:Iraqi government 1399:invasion of Iraq 1191:vilayet of Basra 1059: 1057: 1017:mahallat al-Ajam 994:Mongol Dominions 928: 925: 577: 574: 476:Iran–Iraq border 457: 447: 445: 429: 426: 424: 422: 290: 288: 287: 275: 274: 272: 271: 270: 265: 261: 258: 257: 256: 253: 236: 222: 221: 215: 203: 202:Show map of Iraq 189: 188: 182: 150: 143: 132: 125: 114: 107: 96: 61: 60: 21: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6339: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6293:al-Hai District 6259: 6190:Pshdar District 6106: 6087:Tikrit District 6057:Dujail District 6013: 5960: 5931:Sinjar District 5867: 5814: 5761: 5688: 5679:Kirkuk District 5669:Hawija District 5635: 5592: 5583:Sirwan District 5539: 5470:Choman District 5456: 5437:Simele District 5393: 5320: 5257: 5208:al-Faw District 5198:Basrah District 5174: 5124: 5076: 5023: 5011: 4982:Ramadi District 4918: 4908: 4848:Wayback Machine 4818: 4815: 4710:Rowson, Everett 4687: 4671: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4645:Azerbaijans.com 4639: 4638: 4634: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4578:. 14 April 2021 4574: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4512:. 5 April 2017. 4508: 4507: 4496: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4432: 4425: 4421: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4382: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4353:bhaktikalpa.com 4347: 4346: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4318: 4317: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4286: 4282: 4272: 4270: 4262: 4261: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4232: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4197:Britannica Kids 4191: 4190: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3945: 3938: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3712:Britannica Kids 3706: 3705: 3664: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3570: 3545: 3528: 3527: 3520: 3505: 3501: 3486: 3482: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3438: 3430: 3421: 3413: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3373: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3240: 3229: 3198: 3194: 3188:Dil-i Iranshahr 3185: 3181: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3120: 3118:macrotrends.net 3112: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3068: 3058: 3054: 3039: 3035: 3018: 3014: 3004:Banu'l-Muntafiq 3001: 2997: 2992: 2950: 2891: 2871: 2855: 2839: 2819: 2809: 2794:Farid Allawerdi 2760: 2717: 2692: 2661: 2578: 2576: 2550: 2469: 2384: 2374: 2348:There are also 2299: 2291:desertification 2283: 2278: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1553: 1524: 1488:Nouri al-Maliki 1387: 1379:Main articles: 1377: 1331:As part of the 1316:After the war, 1309:(1982) and the 1253: 1187:Baghdad vilayet 1167:on a basically 1157:Karim Khan Zand 1126: 1116: 1054: 982: 976: 944:The Oghuz Turk 926: 920:Samsam al-Dawla 846: 801:Muslim ibn Aqil 790:Islamic prophet 758: 702:, the Sassanid 665:Sassanid Empire 653:Sassanid Empire 642:Rashidun Caliph 626: 613: 607: 575: 565: 557:water treatment 534:Kingdom of Iraq 419: 335:Asaad Al Eidani 285: 283: 268: 266: 262: 259: 254: 251: 249: 247: 246: 240: 239: 238: 237: 234: 233: 230: 229: 228: 227: 223: 206: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 195: 194: 190: 164: 161:Nickname: 156: 155: 154: 153: 152: 151: 144: 135: 134: 133: 126: 117: 116: 115: 108: 99: 98: 97: 81: 72: 69: 66: 59: 54: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6392: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6364:Cities in Iraq 6361: 6356: 6351: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6310: 6300: 6290: 6283:Badra District 6280: 6269: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6247: 6237: 6227: 6217: 6210:Ranya District 6207: 6197: 6187: 6177: 6170:Mawat District 6167: 6160:Kifri District 6157: 6150:Kalar District 6147: 6140:Dokan District 6137: 6127: 6116: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6094: 6084: 6074: 6064: 6054: 6044: 6037:Balad District 6034: 6027:Baiji District 6023: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6001: 5994:Hamza District 5991: 5981: 5970: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5948: 5938: 5928: 5918: 5911:Mosul District 5908: 5901:Hatra District 5898: 5888: 5877: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5858:Najaf District 5855: 5845: 5835: 5824: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5802: 5792: 5782: 5771: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5749: 5739: 5729: 5719: 5712:Amara District 5709: 5698: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5676: 5666: 5659:Dibis District 5656: 5649:Daquq District 5645: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5623: 5613: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5580: 5570: 5560: 5553:Byara District 5549: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5530:Soran District 5527: 5517: 5507: 5497: 5487: 5480:Erbil District 5477: 5466: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5447:Zakho District 5444: 5434: 5427:Duhok District 5424: 5414: 5403: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5381: 5374:Kifri District 5371: 5361: 5351: 5341: 5330: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5315:Suq Al-Shoyokh 5308: 5298: 5288: 5278: 5267: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5245: 5235: 5225: 5215: 5205: 5195: 5192:Abu Al-Khaseeb 5184: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5064: 5054: 5044: 5033: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5009: 4999: 4992:Rawah District 4989: 4979: 4969: 4959: 4949: 4939: 4928: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4907: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4860: 4858:Boomtown Basra 4855: 4850: 4838: 4832: 4814: 4813:External links 4811: 4810: 4809: 4794: 4787: 4774: 4737: 4734: 4706:Krämer, Gudrun 4697: 4694: 4691: 4686:978-1933823232 4685: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4632: 4614: 4589: 4567: 4541: 4515: 4494: 4480: 4454: 4430: 4419: 4401: 4365: 4337: 4306: 4280: 4252: 4209: 4179: 4156: 4131: 4105: 4083: 4061: 4033: 4001: 3970: 3936: 3918: 3896: 3874: 3852: 3830: 3808: 3786: 3760: 3738: 3724: 3662: 3641: 3617: 3595: 3543: 3518: 3499: 3480: 3463: 3451: 3449:, p. 165. 3436: 3419: 3402: 3390: 3371: 3346: 3339: 3321: 3310: 3301: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3227: 3208:(1): 494–495. 3192: 3179: 3157: 3150: 3144:. SUNY Press. 3130: 3105: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3052: 3033: 3012: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2933: 2924: 2913:future history 2905: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2885: 2869: 2853: 2837: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2770:Ibn al-Haytham 2767: 2759: 2758:Notable people 2756: 2716: 2713: 2700:Grand Faw Port 2691: 2688: 2660: 2657: 2549: 2546: 2468: 2465: 2422:Nineveh Plains 2382:Iraqi Shi'ites 2373: 2370: 2339:Ruba'ah Sayyid 2327:Al-bo Mohammed 2298: 2295: 2287:water salinity 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2271:Weather2Travel 2266: 2265: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2212:sunshine hours 2207: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2165:sunshine hours 2160: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 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al-Haytham 845: 842: 786:Husayn ibn Ali 757: 754: 625: 622: 606: 603: 580:Isaak de Graaf 564: 561: 527:Mandatory Iraq 431: 430: 417: 413: 412: 409: 403: 402: 392: 386: 385: 382: 375: 374: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 350: 343: 342: 338: 337: 332: 328: 327: 322: 318: 317: 313: 312: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 294: 281: 277: 276: 242: 241: 231: 225: 224: 217: 216: 210: 209: 208: 207: 198: 192: 191: 184: 183: 177: 176: 175: 174: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165: 162: 158: 157: 145: 138: 137: 136: 127: 120: 119: 118: 109: 102: 101: 100: 91: 90: 89: 88: 87: 86: 83: 82: 77: 74: 73: 70: 64: 57: 47:Busra al-Harir 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6391: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6262: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6098: 6097:Tooz District 6095: 6092: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6009: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5974:Afak District 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5828:Kufa District 5826: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5706:Ali Al-Gharbi 5703: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5407:Akre District 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5242:Shatt al-Arab 5239: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5115:Taji District 5113: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5041:Al Hashimiyah 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4932:Anah District 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4905: 4900: 4898: 4893: 4891: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4822: 4821:"Basra" 4817: 4816: 4807: 4806:1-890626-57-0 4803: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4629: 4624: 4618: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4577: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4490: 4484: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4447: 4446: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4428: 4423: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4167: 4160: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4093: 4087: 4071: 4065: 4050: 4043: 4037: 4018: 4011: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3906: 3900: 3884: 3878: 3862: 3856: 3840: 3834: 3818: 3812: 3796: 3790: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3748: 3742: 3734: 3728: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3659: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3634: 3627: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3539: 3538: 3532: 3531:"Basra" 3525: 3523: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3476: 3475: 3467: 3461:, p. 53. 3460: 3459:Matthee 2006a 3455: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3416: 3415:Matthee 2006b 3411: 3409: 3407: 3400:, p. 55. 3399: 3398:Matthee 2006a 3394: 3388:, p. 57. 3387: 3386:Matthee 2006a 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3340:9780330418799 3336: 3332: 3325: 3319: 3314: 3305: 3298: 3292: 3290: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3161: 3153: 3151:9780791448083 3147: 3143: 3142: 3134: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3077: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3027:(present-day 3026: 3022: 3016: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2984:Umm Qasr Port 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2835:United States 2832: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2801: 2800:Hussein Jabur 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2776:Saadi Youssef 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2712: 2710: 2709:Faw peninsula 2706: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2684:Iraqi Airways 2681: 2676: 2669: 2665: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2598:petrochemical 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2523:Abu Al-Khasib 2520: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2486:Shatt Al-Arab 2483: 2477: 2473: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2426:northern Iraq 2424:, Mosul, and 2423: 2419: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2272: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163:Mean monthly 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1999:precipitation 1995: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1589:United States 1586: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1568:precipitation 1565: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1537:Shatt al-Arab 1528: 1519: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1386: 1382: 1372: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1345:Anthony Zinni 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295:Iran–Iraq War 1292: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1257: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177:In 1911, the 1175: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1130: 1125: 1124:Basra Vilayet 1121: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1100: 1099:Nuno da Cunha 1096: 1093:In 1523, the 1088: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 990:Bahri dynasty 987: 981: 971: 969: 966: 961: 958: 953: 951: 947: 938: 934: 932: 921: 917: 914:and his sons 913: 912:Adud al-Dawla 909: 905: 904:Buyid dynasty 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 873:Arab literary 870: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 841: 839: 835: 831: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 798: 794: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 753: 750: 744: 742: 737: 733: 728: 724: 719: 716: 715:Shatt al-Arab 711: 709: 705: 704:King of Kings 701: 700:Yazdegerd III 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 643: 639: 630: 617: 612: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 581: 569: 560: 558: 554: 553:petrochemical 550: 545: 543: 539: 538:Iran–Iraq War 535: 530: 528: 524: 520: 516: 515:Basra vilayet 512: 508: 504: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 484:Shatt al-Arab 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 464:third largest 461: 456: 450: 441: 437: 428: 418: 414: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 393: 391: 387: 383: 381: 378: • 376: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 349: 346: • 344: 339: 336: 333: 329: 326: 325:Mayor–council 323: 319: 314: 310: 306: 303: 300: 296: 293: 282: 278: 273: 245:Coordinates: 243: 214: 181: 171: 167: 159: 149: 142: 131: 124: 113: 106: 95: 84: 80: 75: 62: 56: 52: 48: 44: 37: 36:Basrah, Yemen 30: 19: 6317:Al-Nu'maniya 6303:Kut District 6254:Sulaymaniyah 6134:Darbandikhan 6101:Tuz Khurmatu 5988:Al Diwaniyah 5842:Al-Manathera 5756:Qal'at Saleh 5388:Al-Miqdadiya 5275:Al-Chibayish 5201: 5020:Flag of Iraq 4962:Hit District 4825: 4797: 4782: 4748:(1): 53–78. 4745: 4741: 4713: 4676: 4663:Bibliography 4648:. Retrieved 4644: 4635: 4627: 4617: 4605:. Retrieved 4601: 4592: 4580:. Retrieved 4570: 4558:. Retrieved 4553: 4544: 4532:. Retrieved 4527: 4518: 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4467:الشرق الأوسط 4466: 4457: 4444: 4422: 4413: 4404: 4394:29 September 4392:. Retrieved 4388: 4358:29 September 4356:. Retrieved 4352: 4330:29 September 4328:. Retrieved 4323: 4299:29 September 4297:. Retrieved 4293: 4283: 4273:29 September 4271:. Retrieved 4267: 4245:29 September 4243:. Retrieved 4239: 4202:29 September 4200:. Retrieved 4196: 4170:. Retrieved 4168:. Al Jazeera 4159: 4147:. Retrieved 4143: 4134: 4122:. Retrieved 4117: 4108: 4096:. Retrieved 4086: 4074:. Retrieved 4064: 4052:. Retrieved 4036: 4024:. Retrieved 4017:the original 4004: 3992:. Retrieved 3984:The Guardian 3983: 3973: 3961:. Retrieved 3952: 3930: 3921: 3909:. Retrieved 3899: 3887:. Retrieved 3877: 3865:. Retrieved 3855: 3843:. Retrieved 3833: 3821:. Retrieved 3811: 3799:. Retrieved 3789: 3777:. Retrieved 3772: 3763: 3751:. Retrieved 3741: 3727: 3717:29 September 3715:. Retrieved 3711: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3633:the original 3620: 3610:. New York: 3607: 3598: 3586:. Retrieved 3577: 3535: 3512: 3502: 3493: 3483: 3473: 3466: 3454: 3393: 3365: 3358:Donner, F.M. 3330: 3324: 3313: 3304: 3299:, Vol.2, 17. 3296: 3295:Andre Wink, 3283:(Brock p.66) 3279: 3270: 3251: 3247: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3187: 3182: 3171:E. Yarshater 3164: 3160: 3140: 3133: 3121:. Retrieved 3117: 3108: 3096:. Retrieved 3090: 3080: 3055: 3045: 3036: 3015: 2998: 2927: 2899: 2810: 2802:, footballer 2788:Reham Yacoub 2742:, that uses 2729: 2693: 2672: 2653:The Heron II 2641:pearl millet 2630: 2595: 2582: 2570: 2562: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2517: 2501: 2461:1968 to 2003 2454: 2438: 2416: 2408:Sunni Muslim 2393: 2347: 2300: 2297:Demographics 2284: 2270: 2262: 2001:mm (inches) 1585:Death Valley 1573: 1563: 1554: 1541:Persian Gulf 1533: 1507:Saudi Arabia 1492: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1449:Iraqi Police 1438: 1416:missions in 1403: 1388: 1349: 1330: 1315: 1288: 1269:Soviet Union 1265:World War II 1262: 1238: 1203: 1178: 1176: 1153:Zand dynasty 1150: 1135: 1120:Basra Eyalet 1092: 1044: 1036: 1029:Kara Koyunlu 1026: 1016: 1010: 998:Persian Gulf 983: 962: 954: 943: 931:Izz al-Dawla 901: 847: 832: 814:uprising in 809: 759: 745: 723:al-Baladhuri 720: 712: 687: 669: 660: 635: 598: 586: 584: 547:Iraq's main 546: 531: 496: 488:Persian Gulf 435: 434: 55: 6277:Al-Aziziyah 6008:Al-Shamiya 5852:Al-Meshkhab 5789:Al-Rumaitha 5736:Al-Maimouna 5630:Ayn al-Tamr 5130:New Baghdad 4607:19 December 4582:19 December 4560:19 December 4534:19 December 4473:19 December 4469:(in Arabic) 4294:SyriacPress 4026:17 November 3254:: 177–199. 2959:Afro Iraqis 2921:world state 2909:H. G. Wells 2782:Sean Polley 2434:Virgin Mary 2350:Feyli Kurds 2343:Marsh Arabs 2210:Mean daily 1206:World War I 1021:Fred Donner 1012:Ibn Battuta 986:Hulegu Khan 946:Tughril Beg 885:Rabia Basri 749:H.S. Nelson 576: 1695 519:World War I 298:Governorate 267: / 6343:Categories 6327:Al-Suwaira 6244:Sharbazher 6224:Said Sadiq 6124:Chamchamal 6081:Al-Shirqat 5779:Al-Khidhir 5610:Al-Hindiya 5494:Koy Sanjaq 5305:Al-Shatrah 5222:Al-Midaina 5061:Al-Mahawil 4667:See also: 4118:ogimet.com 3994:22 October 3447:Floor 2008 3072:References 3010:and Basra. 2969:Dua Kumayl 2889:In fiction 2867:Azerbaijan 2796:, composer 2705:naval base 2633:maize corn 2527:Shanasheel 2376:See also: 2354:Afro-Iraqi 2319:Al-shwelat 2315:Bani Malik 2269:Source 2: 2257:Source 1: 1481:Mahdi Army 1441:undercover 1341:airstrikes 1283:Shanasheel 1118:See also: 1095:Portuguese 1087:Portuguese 1033:Ak Koyunlu 1008:factions. 927: 921 893:Qarmatians 879:, and the 824:al-Mukhtar 770:Mu'awiya I 741:date palms 609:See also: 444:ٱلْبَصْرَة 380:Metropolis 373:Population 348:Metropolis 316:Government 255:47°48′36″E 252:30°30′54″N 79:Metropolis 68:ٱلْبَصْرَة 5955:Tel Keppe 5925:Ain Sifni 5799:Al-Salman 5358:Al Khalis 5338:Balad Ruz 5295:Al-Rifa'i 5285:Nasiriyah 5252:Al-Zubair 5232:Al-Qurnah 5170:Sadr City 5160:Al Rashid 5140:Kadhimiya 5135:Adhamiyah 5109:Mahmudiya 5006:Ar-Rutbah 4911:Districts 4770:159935186 4730:1873-9830 4602:rudaw.net 4144:meteomanz 4098:22 August 4076:22 August 3911:1 January 3889:1 January 3867:1 January 3845:1 January 3823:1 January 3801:1 January 3222:1570-6893 3098:2 January 3029:Khuzestan 3025:Arabestan 2811:Basra is 2659:Transport 2643:, wheat, 2467:Cityscape 2450:Mandaeism 2441:Mandaeans 2418:Assyrians 2412:Az Zubayr 2311:Qahtanite 1522:Geography 1511:protested 1457:insurgent 1453:roadblock 1271:by other 1226:East Asia 1085:Purple – 850:as-Saffah 816:Khuzestan 812:Kharijite 762:Sufyanids 680:Khuzestan 591:Sassanids 563:Etymology 549:port city 455:al-Baṣrah 449:romanized 411:(+964) 40 407:Area code 390:Time zone 384:1,485,000 365:Elevation 6204:Qaradagh 6194:Qaladiza 5945:Tal Afar 5905:Al-Hadar 5895:Qaraqosh 5885:Al-Ba'aj 5726:Al-Kahla 5524:Shaqlawa 5514:Mergasor 5368:Khanaqin 5071:Musayyib 4976:Al-Qa'im 4946:Fallujah 4844:Archived 4762:20181989 4712:(eds.). 4650:9 August 4414:Maeg SpA 4054:2 August 3988:Archived 3957:Archived 3779:17 March 3753:17 March 3588:27 March 3582:Archived 3360:(1988). 3021:Shi'ites 2948:See also 2911:'s 1933 2896:Voltaire 2847:Nishapur 2740:Al-Minaa 2696:Umm Qasr 2675:Umm Qasr 2610:ethylene 2606:nitrogen 2531:Iraq War 2372:Religion 2345:tribes. 2335:Al-Ubadi 2307:Adnanite 2115:Average 1997:Average 1827:(101.3) 1822:(102.0) 1762:(109.9) 1757:(117.0) 1752:(116.6) 1747:(113.0) 1742:(104.5) 1712:(129.0) 1702:(103.5) 1697:(116.2) 1692:(123.3) 1687:(126.0) 1682:(129.0) 1677:(124.9) 1672:(122.0) 1667:(110.3) 1662:(108.7) 1657:(102.2) 1443:British 1428:and the 1391:Iraq War 1356:Umm Qasr 1322:Gulf War 1313:(1987). 1163:form of 1142:Persians 1051:Ismail I 1041:Moshasha 1037:de facto 965:Assassin 877:al-Jahiz 866:polymath 838:Yazid II 793:Muhammad 599:basratha 507:occupied 6234:Zarayan 6184:Penjwen 6071:Samarra 6051:Ad-Dawr 5809:Samawah 5620:Karbala 5577:Khurmal 5567:Halabja 5504:Makhmur 5421:Amadiya 5348:Baqubah 5155:Mansour 5145:Karrada 5126:Baghdad 4956:Haditha 4554:Reuters 4385:"Basra" 4268:Pluriel 4193:"Basra" 4149:28 June 4124:20 June 3963:23 July 3931:Reuters 3708:"Basra" 3362:"BASRA" 2827:Houston 2813:twinned 2726:in 2013 2707:in the 2690:Seaport 2620:(PVC), 2616:(VCM), 2548:Economy 2542:Amogaiz 2400:Akhbari 2331:Al-Badr 2323:Suwa'id 2309:or the 2305:of the 2066:(5.15) 2061:(0.99) 2056:(0.75) 2051:(0.26) 2026:(0.16) 2021:(0.50) 2016:(0.73) 2011:(0.70) 2006:(1.06) 1992:(23.5) 1987:(27.3) 1982:(33.8) 1977:(43.0) 1972:(55.6) 1967:(68.0) 1962:(72.0) 1957:(64.8) 1952:(46.8) 1947:(37.0) 1942:(35.4) 1937:(24.8) 1932:(23.5) 1922:(68.1) 1917:(49.3) 1912:(57.9) 1907:(71.1) 1902:(79.3) 1897:(85.8) 1892:(87.3) 1887:(84.4) 1882:(79.2) 1877:(68.2) 1872:(57.7) 1867:(50.2) 1862:(46.9) 1852:(80.2) 1847:(57.9) 1842:(68.0) 1837:(83.8) 1832:(94.5) 1817:(99.3) 1812:(91.9) 1807:(79.9) 1802:(68.4) 1797:(59.9) 1792:(55.4) 1782:(93.2) 1777:(68.9) 1772:(80.6) 1767:(99.0) 1737:(92.1) 1732:(80.2) 1727:(71.1) 1722:(65.7) 1707:(86.0) 1652:(93.2) 1551:Climate 1545:Baghdad 1299:shelled 1263:During 1212:forces 1210:British 1204:During 1169:Akhbari 1104:Ottoman 1071:Bedouin 1062:Safavid 1058: 1002:Genoese 899:Basra. 883:mystic 852:of the 805:Karbala 766:Yazid I 732:ostrich 605:History 595:Aramaic 511:Safavid 509:by the 468:Baghdad 451:: 416:Website 308:Founded 280:Country 6297:Al-Hay 6091:Tikrit 6061:Dujail 5935:Sinjar 5716:Amarah 5683:Kirkuk 5673:Hawija 5587:Sirwan 5474:Choman 5441:Simele 5212:al-Faw 5165:Rusafa 5051:Hillah 4986:Ramadi 4804: 4768: 4760: 4728: 4683: 4349:"Home" 4172:27 May 3337: 3220: 3177:, p851 3148: 3123:5 June 3042:Shiraz 2883:Jordan 2815:with: 2715:Sports 2637:barley 2624:, and 2498:Bridge 2289:, and 2205:3,084 1603:Month 1577:Khasab 1503:Riyadh 1426:Sunnis 1318:Saddam 1183:Shi'as 1165:Shiism 1155:under 1069:, the 950:Shiite 887:. 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