584:
in the ensuing squabble, Wanthong is condemned to death. The story then expanded as other episodes were assembled using these leading characters. The whole second half of the standard version shows signs of being an extension which repeats themes and episodes from the first half. Certain episodes are known to have been newly written and incorporated in the nineteenth century. Some episodes are known to be modeled on true events. The arrival of an embassy from
Lanchang, for example, is based on the reception of an embassy from
99:
473:
446:(Buddhist monastery) and her bedroom. Khun Chang is also smitten by Phim. He competes for her using his wealth and status. He offers to give her mother Phim's weight in gold. After Phlai Kaeo and Phim are married, Khun Chang maneuvers the king to send Phlai Kaeo on military service, and then claims he is dead. When Phlai Kaeo returns victorious, Khun Chang plots to have him banished from Ayutthaya for negligence on government service.
1137:
408:
185:
653:
1149:
416:
583:
developed over decades or centuries by storytellers absorbing and embellishing several local tales and true stories. Prince
Damrong surmised that the original version was much shorter and simpler: Khun Phaen woos and marries Wanthong but then goes to war; Khun Chang seizes her; Khun Phaen returns and
457:
Khun Chang, furious with the elopement, tries to frame Khun Phaen on the ground of treason. He tells the king that Khun Phaen is mounting a rebellion. The king sends an army which Khun Phaen defeats, killing two of its officers. A warrant is issued for his arrest. When
Wanthong becomes pregnant, Khun
394:
This standard edition is around 20,000 lines divided into 43 chapters. The main story ends in chapter 36, but a further seven chapters were included because the episodes were well-known and popular. Performers and authors had already developed many more episodes which extended the story down through
160:
The KCKP epic existed for a long time as an orally transmitted poem among Thai troubadours. The poem was first written down and published in printed form in 1872, and a standard edition first published in 1917–1918. Like many works with origins in popular entertainment, it is fast-moving and replete
453:
When Khun Phaen's second wife, Laothong, is taken into the palace by the king, Khun Phaen regrets abandoning
Wanthong. He breaks into Khun Chang's house at the dead of night and takes Wanthong away. At first she is reluctant to leave her comfortable life, but the passion rekindles, and they flee to
203:
is an old folk story in the Thai language. It originated as a folk entertainment some time around 1600 A.D., developed by storytellers who recited episodes for local audiences, and passed on the story by word-of-mouth. By the eighteenth century, such performances had become the most popular form of
1245:
as the country's national literature, probably because of the work's appeal to mass entertainment and its lack of courtly refinement that
Ayutthaya's royal audience valued. In addition, despite the work's focus on common protagonists, feminists and political correctness movements of the 1970s have
835:
Khun Phaen is also schooled in mantras or formulas with supernatural power. They are used for such purposes as stunning enemies, transforming his body into other forms, opening locks and chains, putting everyone else to sleep, and converting sheaves of grass into invulnerable spirit warriors. Khun
152:
Chang (rich but ugly) compete for the lovely
Wanthong from childhood for over fifty years. Their stories transpire amid the larger backdrop of national events, including two wars, several abductions, a suspected revolt, an idyllic sojourn in the forest, two court cases, trial by ordeal, jail, and
511:
Khun Chang gets drunk at Phra Wai's wedding, and the old rivalry returns. Phra Wai abducts
Wanthong from Khun Chang's house, prompting Khun Chang to petition the king for redress. At the subsequent trial, the king demands that Wanthong decide between Khun Chang and Khun Phaen. She cannot, and is
609:
is the great exception. The major characters are drawn from the minor provincial gentry. The authors build an atmosphere of realism by cramming the narrative with anthropological detail on dress, marriages, funerals, temple ceremonies, feasts (including menus and recipes), court cases, trial by
808:
The same purpose is served by carrying amulets made from natural materials which have some unusual property which seems contrary to nature. A good example is mercury – a metal which has the unusual property of behaving like a fluid. Other examples include cat's eye, a semi-precious stone which
165:, the story is universally known. Children learn passages at school, and the poem is a source of songs, popular aphorisms, and everyday metaphors. A standard edition of KCKP, as published by the National Library, is 1085-pages long. A complete English prose translation of KCKP was published by
839:
Finally, Khun Phaen has a corps of spirits which he looks after. They defend him against enemy spirits, act as spies, and transport him at speed. In a famous passage, Khun Phaen acquires an especially powerful spirit from the still-born foetus of his own son. This spirit is known as a
427:. Khun Phaen is handsome and intelligent, but poor because the king has executed his father and seized their property. He enters the monkhood as a novice to get educated, excelling at military skills and love magic. Khun Chang is ugly and dim-witted, but rich and well-connected at the
1157:
1208:, an old Thai house has been erected on the site of the jail where Khun Phaen was incarcerated in the poem. The house has been renamed “Khum Khun Phaen” and is a major tourist attraction. A similar house, attributed to Khun Phaen, has recently been erected in Wat Khae in
644:, but here the geography is much less certain. The place names are correct, but temples are located in the wrong town, routes between places make no geographical sense, and other mistakes indicate that the authors had only a hazy idea of the northern region.
449:
Phim (now
Wanthong) resists Khun Chang's advance. But when Phlai Kaeo (now Khun Phaen) returns from war with another wife, they have a jealous quarrel. Wanthong goes to live with Khun Chang, enjoying his devotion and the comforts afforded by his wealth.
625:, and the locations are easily identifiable today, including temples and cross-country routes. Several places mentioned in the text appear on some early nineteenth century maps which were recently discovered in the royal palace in Bangkok.
676:). This phrase refers to beliefs in supernatural powers which exist within human beings and other natural objects, and which can be activated through taught skills. These beliefs stem from the esoteric school of
144:" was a junior feudal title given for male commoners. The story recounts the adventurous and amorous struggles of the three main protagonists. Much of their relationship can be described as a love triangle.
1092:(Art and Culture). The book includes a copy of two manuscript versions of chapter 17, which Sujit secured from the National Archives under the Freedom of Information Act. These manuscripts reveal what
461:
Khun Phaen nevertheless angers the king by asking for the release of
Laothong. He is jailed, and festers in prison for around twelve years. Khun Chang abducts Wanthong and they again live together in
747:. To have power, these diagrams have to be drawn by an adept under strict rules (such as reciting formulas continuously, completing the drawing in one sitting), and activated by reciting a formula.
821:), a metal-like substance believed to become malleable under the heat of a candle's flame. These items can be strung on cords and worn around various parts of the body, or inserted under the skin.
387:. He selected what he believed were the best versions of each episode, and added some link passages. He deleted some passages which he considered obscene, and some which depended on
1125:. In it, Khun Phaen is imprisoned, and must escape by getting past nine sentries guarding him. The initial placement of the blocks is slightly different to the conventional layout.
399:
decreed that these were not good enough as either narrative or poetry to deserve publication. Around fifty of these later chapters have since been published in various collections.
354:
and other forms of entertainment. Little is known of him except for an internal reference in the poem. For over half the 43 chapters in the standard version, the author is unknown.
1212:. This temple also has an old tamarind tree which is legendarily associated with a passage in the poem in which Khun Phaen is taught how to transform tamarind leaves into wasps.
458:
Phaen decides to leave the forest and give himself up. At the court trial scene, the charges of rebellion are disproved. Khun Phaen is acquitted and Khun Chang is heavily fined.
1299:(linguist): "I have often thought that if all other information on traditional Thai culture were to be lost, the whole complex could be reconstructed from this marvellous text."
512:
dumb-struck. The king orders her execution. Phra Wai pleads successfully with the king for a reprieve, but the order arrives fractionally too late to avoid her execution.
363:
329:
1485:
1678:• The Story of Khun Chang Khun Phan, by H.H. Prince Prem Purachatra (Prem Chaya); edited by Montri Umavijani, illustrations by Hem Vejakorn, 1995. ISBN 9740055826.
773:) tied round the head, arm, or chest; imprinted on a belt, perhaps made from human skin; imprinted on paper or cloth which is then rolled and plaited into a ring (
1438:
1286:
1099:
231:, parts of the royal chronicles and a few other works were also rendered in this form on royal commission, but all but a few fragments have since disappeared.
955:, a Sanskrit word meaning knowledge, especially pre-vedic texts. These words position the command of these powers as an ancient and sacred form of learning.
1308:
In 2010 the first complete translation into
English has been done. Before that there was no full translation into any European language. Prem Chaya (Prince
1128:
In 2021, the Thai Channel One31 aired a modern adaptation of the story in a series called "Wanthong". The series can be watched in its entirety on YouTube.
576:
which might be dated shortly before 1600. The third chapter has a date based on a 120-year calendar which can be resolved as 1549/50, 1669/70, or 1789/90.
423:
Khun Chang, Phlai Kaeo (who later is given the title Khun Phaen), and Nang Phim Philalai (who later changes her name to Wanthong) are childhood friends in
1631:. 3 vols, Bangkok, Wachirayan Library, 1917–1918. Reprinted by Khurusapha. Includes Prince Damrong's preface on the history and background of the story.
1316:(1955, 1959), but completed only two of the three planned volumes. J. Kasem Sibunruang compiled an abridged version in French, with some commentary, as
1273:(social commentator, activist): “This immortal story is number one in Thai literature, and cedes nothing to the major literary works of other nations."
719:, where they probably originated, such diagrams are composed mostly of geometric shapes with symbolic meanings arranged in symmetrical patterns (the
465:. Wanthong gives birth to Phlai Ngam, her son with Khun Phaen. When Phlai Ngam is eight, Khun Chang tries to kill him. Phlai Ngam escapes to live in
1776:
824:
Before going into battle or any other undertaking entailing risk, Khun Phaen decks himself with several of these items. He also consults various
541:, The testimony of the inhabitants of the old capital). The memoir mentions the name of Khun Phaen in an account of a military campaign against
1768:
1052:
There have been at least seven re-tellings of the story in modern Thai prose. The first, and most complete of these, was by Premseri in 1964.
1584:
1215:
1189:
At several locations featured in the story there are now shrines with images of the characters. Such locations include Cockfight Hill in old
727:). In the Thai tradition, these diagrams also include numbers in sequences with supernatural meaning, pictures of gods and powerful animals (
1321:
1055:
Three other works tell the story with the addition of annotations and explanations of old words and forgotten customs. The study by Suphon
991:
There have been five film versions, beginning with a silent film in two parts by Bamrung Naewphanit in 1936. The most recent film version,
345:
1549:
1818:
Textor, Robert B. 1960. An inventory of non-Buddhist supernatural objects in a central Thai village. PhD thesis, Cornell University.
1283:
and still read it today. It's the literary work which best reflects the life of the Thai. In simple words, the voice of the people."
1252:
opened his study of the poem with the remark: “At present there are some knowledgeable people who have expressed the opinion that
1460:
373:
The standard modern edition appeared in three volumes in 1917–1918, published by the Wachirayan Library, and edited by its head,
370:. Another printed version was issued in 1889 by the Wat Ko Press. Five episodes composed by Khru Jaeng were printed around 1890.
1167:
is the source of many sayings in modern Thai, and several songs. The name Khun Phaen is shorthand for a great lover (similar to
1002:
A first TV version appeared as a single episode in 1955. A 1970 version, recounting the exploits of Khun Phaen as governor of
1410:
1175:). It is also the name of a famous amulet, reputed to bring success in love, and the slang for a large "chopper" motorcycle.
1490:
828:
which indicate whether the time and the direction of travel is auspicious. These oracles include casting various forms of
140:. The work's entire length is over 20,000 couplets. Khun Chang and Khun Phaen are the leading male characters, where "
1728:(Khun Chang Khun Phaen: series of immortal Thai literature in prose versions). Bangkok Ruamsat (11th printing, 2003).
1701:(The application of western modern literary criticism to Thai literature). MA dissertation, Chulalongkorn University.
1524:
340:, may also have contributed to the writing. Several other chapters were compiled later, probably during the reign of
1648:
Grayson, James H. (2012). "Book Review: The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen: Siam's Great Folk Epic of Love and War".
1637:. 40 vols, Rattanakosin , Wat Ko, 1890. Complete copy in William Gedney collection, University of Michigan library.
260:
Beginning in the eighteenth century, prominent episodes from the story were written down. After the foundation of
1519:. Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia. Vol. 46. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. pp. 17–42.
1023:
from 1932 to 1950. The latest among many book-length cartoon versions was compiled by Sukrit Boonthong in 2005.
605:
Most major works of old Thai literature are about gods and royalty, and take place in the court or the heavens.
1609:
may be defined for the purpose of this paper as story-telling by the recitation of rhymics previously composed.
1186:, towns which figure prominently in the poem, the major streets have been named after characters in the story.
1256:
is an immoral book and a bad example which should be burnt or destroyed, so no one may read it from now on.”
1246:
criticized the story for celebrating Khun Phaen as a promiscuous lover, and making Wanthong a tragic victim.
531:. His evidence was a memoir believed to have been taken down from Thai prisoners in Burma after the fall of
316:. None of these works are signed, but certain chapters and part-chapters are conventionally attributed to
1899:
1592:
1557:
1345:
857:
In the poem, the command of these powers is described using several combinations of the following words:
264:
in 1782, the new royal court made efforts to retrieve all kinds of texts which had survived the sack of
549:
itself, and could well have developed from the folktale, rather than vice versa. The campaign against
1450:
This section depends on research by Narongsak Sonjai, referenced in the External links section below.
537:
161:
with heroism, romance, sex, violence, folk comedy, magic, horror, and passages of lyrical beauty. In
1873:
1266:
as a great story and as a unique repository of old Thai culture. Other prominent defenders include:
272:
were transcribed from earlier texts, or adapted from recitations by storytellers. No manuscripts of
1359:
in 1963 which compares one episode in the standard text with a version he recorded in performance.
1289:(national poet): “Every Thai person over 30 should read at least four or five books, starting with
832:, looking for shapes in the clouds, and examining which nostril the breath is passing most easily.
1833:
Studien zur Literatur der Thai: Texte und Interpretationen von und zu Sunthon Phu und seinem Kreis
1804:, told in English by Prem Chaya with illustrations by Hem Vejakorn. 2 vols, Bangkok: Chatra Books.
1330:
Studien zur Literatur der Thai: Texte und Interpretationen von und zu Sunthon Phu und seinem Kreis
1034:. In 1917, BAT Co Ltd issues a series of 100 cigarette cards featuring characters from the story.
1481:
1807:
Simmonds, E. H. S. 1963. “Thai narrative poetry: palace and provincial texts of an episode from
1110:. The thesis became famous, both as a landmark in Thai literary criticism, and as an early Thai
1904:
699:
is another method). The power can also be transferred to objects, especially diagrams known as
337:
333:
317:
313:
302:
208:. The storytellers recounted the story in stylized recitation, using two small sticks of wood (
1863:
785:); inscribed on a soft metal such as tin which is coiled round a cord and worn as an amulet (
301:. Performance of these episodes were popular in the court and among the aristocracy. In the
1759:
1742:(Poetic treasure: Khun Chang Khun Phaen). Bangkok. (Republished as cremation volume, 1975).
1687:
1363:
1362:
Khun Chang Khun Phaen has been completely translated into English by husband-and-wife team
1088:
166:
1222:, has erected a model of Khun Chang's house, and commissioned a series of murals from the
283:
It became conventional to render these written versions in the then-popular poetic meter,
8:
1894:
309:, dancing was also added and more than one performer might share the task of recitation.
1868:
1786:
Bidyalankarana, Prince. 1941. “Sebha recitation and the story of khun chang khun phan.”
1515:(1997). "Problems in Translating Traditional Thai Poetry". In Hudak, Thomas John (ed.).
1067:(Sanga Kanchanakphan) and Phleuang na Nakhon wrote a series of articles in the magazine
1763:
1704:
Kanchanakphan (Khun Wichitmatra) and Nai Tamra na Muang Tai (Pleuang na Nakhon). 1961.
1665:
1367:
882:
227:. For at least a century, only episodes from this work were known by this term. In the
170:
149:
145:
141:
836:
Phaen also uses love formulas to captivate women, and to allay the wrath of the king.
383:
manuscripts and a few other fragments. The earliest of the manuscripts dated from the
244:
thought that sepha meant a jail and that the genre was developed by convicts in jail.
1669:
1530:
1520:
1512:
1406:
1296:
976:
558:
532:
481:
428:
277:
265:
154:
1428:
This section and the next draw on Prince Damrong’s account of the poem’s background.
757:
in Thai) diagrams can be carried on the body in various ways: tattooed on the skin (
1657:
1205:
1064:
1060:
1046:
1006:, extended over 500 episodes. Thai Channel 3 aired a serial version under the name
951:
902:
802:
622:
589:
573:
504:
princess and a great haul of booty. Khun Phaen now gains status as the governor of
366:, printed the first book version in 1872, probably using a manuscript belonging to
240:
is disputed. There is a musical form of the same name, but this seems unconnected.
1714:(The testimony of the inhabitants of the old capital). 2001. Bangkok: Chotmaihet.
1086:
published a similar work which originated as a series of articles in the magazine
102:
Khun Phaen and Wanthong flee to the forest. Mural from sala on Khao Phra, U Thong.
1661:
1309:
1270:
1037:
There have been several adaptations into novels, beginning with Malai Chuphinit,
996:
691:
The methods to activate these latent powers include meditation and recitation of
527:
story was based on true events which took place around 1500 in the reign of King
367:
341:
321:
137:
496:, and successfully petitions for Khun Phaen's release. They capture the King of
419:
Old Thai house erected on site of Ayutthaya jail, and called Khun Phaen's House.
1276:
1168:
1083:
685:
528:
245:
214:) to give rhythm and emphasis. The performances typically lasted a full night.
1699:
Kan nam wannakhadi wichan phaen mai baep tawan tok ma chai kap wannakhadi thai
284:
1888:
1821:
1340:
1259:
1249:
1141:
1103:
1072:
942:
926:
910:
890:
874:
862:
847:
810:
786:
774:
762:
704:
665:
442:). Sparks fly. They have a passionate affair, with him shuttling between the
439:
290:
241:
133:
124:
112:
1795:
La femme, le heros et le vilain. Poeme populaire thai. Khun Chang, Khun Phen
1694:(Miscellaneous traditions). Bangkok: Social Science Association of Thailand.
1534:
1318:
La femme, le heros et le vilain. Poeme populaire thai. Khun Chang, Khun Phen
980:. In the twentieth century, episodes were adapted into the poetical form of
805:, is to give invulnerability or protection against various forms of threat.
472:
98:
1325:
1198:
1190:
1031:
1003:
970:
In the nineteenth century, various episodes were adapted into drama plays (
744:
657:
618:
505:
466:
388:
325:
1355:
and give a summary of the plot. E. H. S. Simmonds published an aritlce in
1769:
The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen: Siam's Great Folk Epic of Love and War
1241:
In the past, Thailand's literary establishment did not incline to accept
842:
129:
1726:
Khun Chang Khun Phaen: chut wannakhadi amata khong thai samnuan roi kaeo
761:- สักยันต์); imprinted on a shirt or inner shirt; imprinted on a scarf (
1874:
Article on the first complete translation into English in Bangkok Post.
1854:
1219:
1209:
1179:
1160:
Shrine to Nang Buakhli on stalactite in cave at Ban Tham, Kanchanaburi.
614:
462:
435:
424:
379:
312:
Several chapters were written down by members of the literary salon of
1708:(Telling the story of Khun Chang Khun Phaen). (Reprint, Amarin, 2002).
613:
In addition, the geography is real. Most of the action takes place in
438:. She meets Phlai Kaeo when putting food in his almsbowl at Songkran (
157:
condemns Wanthong to death for failing to choose between the two men.
1019:
829:
629:
501:
489:
56:
1136:
1172:
1111:
1010:(Wanthong's natal name) in 1985, and Thai Channel 5 aired a serial
736:
681:
677:
637:
562:
508:. Phlai Ngam is appointed Phra Wai, an officer in the royal pages.
205:
184:
162:
74:
1864:
Article on adaptations of the story by Narongsak Sonjai (in Thai).
1140:
Shrine to Khun Phaen and his father Khun Krai, including a golden
652:
1735:(Khun Chang Khun Phaen, much fun). Bangkok: Sinlapa Watthanatham.
1721:(Khun Chang Khun Phaen, a new reading). (Reprinted, Dokya, 2000).
1497:
1194:
1193:(images of Khun Phaen and his father Khun Krai), the old town of
1183:
1156:
1118:
1093:
825:
720:
633:
545:. However, this memoir is just as much a text of oral history as
520:
407:
396:
384:
374:
306:
261:
228:
1845:
1238:. Most children have to memorize and recite extracts at school.
469:
with his grandmother who teaches him from Khun Phaen's library.
415:
391:
and other material which he felt were no longer comprehensible.
1571:
This paper touches the fringe of the subject of Siamese poetry.
1056:
918:
794:
750:
724:
700:
692:
305:, the performance was often enhanced by adding music. From the
1461:"Mathematics Enrichment :: Khun Phaen Escapes to Freedom"
1881:
Informational Website and Showroom for Pra Khun Phaen Amulets
1351:
1148:
1059:
was published in two volumes in 1960, and republished in her
934:
732:
716:
641:
585:
550:
542:
497:
493:
485:
350:
297:), especially the variant with eight-syllable lines known as
236:
223:
898:
740:
728:
696:
210:
1749:(Texts of lore). 6 vols. Bangkok: Utsahakam kan phim, n.d.
963:
While the poetic sepha has become the standard version of
1541:
664:
As a novice, Phlai Kaeo is schooled in the "inner ways" (
443:
1585:"Sebha Recitation and the Story of Khun Chang Khun Phan"
1384:
1382:
1349:
in 1926 and 1941 which explain the metrical form of the
628:
In the later part of the tale there is an expedition to
1878:
1550:"The pastime of rhyme-making and singing in rural Siam"
1071:
over 1954–57, collected together in book form in 1961.
1017:
A cartoon version, drawn by Sawat Jukarop, appeared in
411:
Model of Khun Chang's house at Wat Palelai, Suphanburi.
1828:, ed. Manas Chitkasem and Andrew Turton. London: SOAS.
1576:
1777:
The pastime of rhyme-making and singing in rural Siam
1379:
967:, the story has been rendered into many other forms.
1026:
Several famous artists have illustrated scenes from
252:, indicating some original association with ritual.
1517:
William J. Gedney's Thai and Indic Literary Studies
739:), and formulas or abbreviated formulas written in
610:ordeal, house building, travel, and entertainment.
1824:. 1991. "Invulnerability and local knowledge." In
557:seems to be modeled on events which appear in the
1800:Prem Chaya (Prince Prem Purachatra). 1955, 1959.
1547:
1400:
632:which clearly follows one of the routes taken by
488:quarrel over a beautiful daughter of the King of
1886:
1879:Pra Khun Phaen Classic Thai Masterpiece Amulets
1596:. JSS Vol. 33.1b (digital). Siam Society: image
1561:. JSS Vol. 20.2c (digital). Siam Society: image
1869:Article on History about Khun Phaen (in Thai).
809:resembles an animal's eye, and “fluid metal” (
454:an idyllic but frugal sojourn in the forest.
1753:
1117:A Thai variation of the sliding block puzzle
797:. The main purpose of these various forms of
476:Nang Phim, Wat Pa Lelai, Suphanburi, Thailand
1492:วันทอง | EP.1 (FULL EP) | 1 มี.ค. 64 | one31
255:
640:. There are also two military campaigns to
492:, Phlai Ngam volunteers to lead an army to
395:three generations of Khun Phaen's lineage.
1797:. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
1401:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2010).
36:
1424:
1422:
1102:wrote an MA dissertation in 1970 using a
248:argued a connection to the Sanskrit word
1788:Journal of the Thailand Research Society
1262:is one among many enthusiasts who value
1155:
1147:
1135:
651:
471:
414:
406:
368:Somdet Chaophraya Borommaha Sisuriyawong
183:
136:and is one of the most notable works in
97:
1647:
1548:Bidyalankarana, H.H. Prince (1926–27).
1388:
1041:(The Hero) in 1932. The most famous is
688:and other parts of the Buddhist world.
515:
1887:
1681:
1511:
1419:
1343:wrote two articles on the poem in the
1229:
1772:. 2 vols, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
1582:
1441:, Thep Sarikabut, Textor, and Turton.
1234:Almost every Thai knows the story of
1152:Shrine to Nang Simala at Old Phichit.
1045:written by the major thriller author
377:. Damrong compiled from four sets of
123:
1719:Khun Chang Khun Phaen: chabap an mai
1324:translated the famous chapter 24 by
176:
1835:. Hamburg and Bangkok: Duang Kamol.
1075:also wrote a series of articles in
680:, and are found as a substratum in
268:fifteen years earlier. Episodes of
13:
1802:The Story of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1740:Sombat kawi: Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1314:The Story of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1144:, at Cockfight Hill, Kanchanaburi.
1106:approach to analyze aggression in
638:war against Vientiane in 1827–1828
595:
153:treachery. Ultimately the King of
132:which originated from a legend of
38:ขุนช้างขุนแผน ฉบับหอสมุดพระวชิรญาณ
14:
1916:
1850:The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1839:
1403:The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1131:
885:, similar to the suffix, -ology;
1706:Lao rueang Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1226:story around its main cloister.
434:By age 15, Phim is the belle of
1826:Thai Constructions of Knowledge
1775:Bidyalankarana, Prince. 1926. "
1733:Khun Chang Khun Phaen saensanuk
1641:
1437:This section draws on works by
1405:. Silkworm Books. p. 960.
1197:(Nang Simala), and Ban Tham in
1079:, collected as a book in 1989.
974:), dance dramas, comedies, and
647:
328:. Another member of the salon,
1505:
1474:
1453:
1444:
1431:
1394:
1335:There are very few studies on
1332:. Hamburg and Bangkok (1985).
1328:word-for-word into German, in
1303:
1279:(novelist, essayist): “I like
984:, and the folk performance of
958:
357:
125:[kʰǔntɕʰáːŋkʰǔnpʰɛ̌ːn]
1:
1848:. Blog by the translators of
1697:Cholthira Satyawadhna. 1970.
1617:
1339:in western languages. Prince
221:created a new genre known as
148:Phaen (dashing but poor) and
1662:10.1080/0015587X.2012.683564
1622:
1096:had excised in his editing.
322:King Rama III (r. 1824–1851)
7:
1793:Kasem Sibunruang, J. 1960.
1781:Journal of the Siam Society
1629:Sepha Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1593:Journal of the Siam Society
1583:Bidya, H.H. Prince (1941).
1558:Journal of the Siam Society
1346:Journal of the Siam Society
402:
10:
1921:
1754:Works in Western languages
1312:) began a précis version,
937:, a verse or formula; and
600:
565:chronicles for the 1560s.
375:Prince Damrong Rachanubhab
1712:Khamhaikan chao krung kao
946:
930:
914:
894:
878:
866:
851:
814:
790:
778:
766:
708:
669:
572:mentions a gift from the
538:Khamhaikan chao krung kao
294:
256:Development as literature
116:
88:
80:
70:
62:
52:
44:
32:
24:
1373:
695:or formulas (elsewhere,
385:Fourth Reign (1851–1868)
330:Prince Mahasak Phonlasep
314:King Rama II (1809–1824)
307:Fourth Reign (1851–1868)
303:Second Reign (1809–1824)
234:The origin of this word
229:Fourth Reign (1851–1868)
1859:poetic meter (in Thai).
1688:Anuman Rajadhon, Phraya
568:The opening chapter of
334:King Rama I (1782–1809)
276:have survived from the
66:1917 (1st standard ed.)
1731:Sujit Wongthet. 2002.
1161:
1153:
1145:
661:
553:in the latter part of
500:, and return with the
477:
420:
412:
197:
188:Modern performance of
103:
37:
20:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1846:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1809:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1738:Suphon Bunnag. 1960.
1717:Kukrit Pramoj. 1989.
1635:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1439:Phaya Anuman Rajadhon
1337:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1291:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1287:Naowarat Phongphaibun
1281:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1264:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1254:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1243:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1236:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1224:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1165:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1159:
1151:
1139:
1123:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1108:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1100:Cholthira Satyawadhna
965:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
921:, a Buddhist prayer;
869:), taught knowledge;
655:
607:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
581:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
570:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
555:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
547:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
525:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
475:
418:
410:
362:A former missionary,
324:, and the great poet
274:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
270:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
219:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
201:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
187:
108:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
101:
1855:Introduction to the
1747:Phra khamphi phrawet
1089:Sinlapa Watthanatham
516:Origins of the story
1831:Wenk, Klaus. 1985.
1764:Phongpaichit, Pasuk
1682:Other works in Thai
1230:Contemporary status
854:), a golden child.
217:The performance of
33:Original title
21:
1900:Epic poems in Thai
1513:Gedney, William J.
1368:Pasuk Phongpaichit
1162:
1154:
1146:
995:, was directed by
662:
636:armies during the
523:believed that the
480:When the kings of
478:
421:
413:
198:
171:Pasuk Phongpaichit
104:
19:
1463:. nrich.maths.org
1412:978-9-7495-1195-4
1297:William J. Gedney
803:Khom inscriptions
348:, a performer of
204:entertainment in
96:
95:
71:Publication place
1912:
1745:Thep Sarikabut,
1724:Premseri. 1964.
1692:Prapheni bet set
1673:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1201:(Nang Buakhli).
1065:Khun Wichitmatra
1061:cremation volume
1047:Por Intharapalit
1028:Khun Chang Phaen
948:
932:
916:
896:
880:
868:
853:
816:
792:
780:
768:
710:
671:
574:Emperor of China
296:
127:
122:
118:
40:
22:
18:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1885:
1884:
1842:
1756:
1684:
1644:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1527:
1510:
1506:
1489:
1486:Wayback Machine
1479:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1380:
1376:
1310:Prem Purachatra
1306:
1271:Sulak Sivaraksa
1232:
1134:
1121:is named after
997:Thanit Jitnukul
961:
650:
603:
598:
596:Characteristics
518:
405:
360:
258:
182:
138:Thai literature
120:
81:Media type
17:
12:
11:
5:
1918:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1852:
1841:
1840:External links
1838:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1822:Turton, Andrew
1819:
1816:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1773:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1575:
1540:
1525:
1504:
1473:
1452:
1443:
1430:
1418:
1411:
1393:
1391:, p. 239.
1377:
1375:
1372:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1284:
1277:Rong Wongsawan
1274:
1231:
1228:
1133:
1132:In modern life
1130:
1094:Prince Damrong
1084:Sujit Wongthet
1008:Phim Phlilalai
960:
957:
686:Southeast Asia
649:
646:
602:
599:
597:
594:
529:Ramathibodi II
521:Prince Damrong
517:
514:
404:
401:
359:
356:
336:and cousin of
257:
254:
246:Sujit Wongthet
181:
175:
130:Thai epic poem
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
34:
30:
29:
26:
16:Thai epic poem
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1917:
1906:
1905:Thai folklore
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:(eds). 2010.
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1610:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1526:9780891480808
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:Bidyalongkorn
1338:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:Kukrit Pramoj
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:Kukrit Pramoj
1247:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1142:fighting cock
1138:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:Kukrit Pramoj
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1030:, especially
1029:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
978:
973:
968:
966:
956:
954:
953:
944:
940:
936:
928:
924:
920:
912:
908:
904:
900:
892:
888:
884:
876:
872:
864:
860:
855:
849:
845:
844:
837:
833:
831:
827:
822:
820:
812:
806:
804:
801:designs with
800:
796:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
659:
654:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
608:
593:
591:
587:
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
513:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
474:
470:
468:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
445:
441:
440:Thai New Year
437:
432:
430:
426:
417:
409:
400:
398:
392:
390:
389:topical jokes
386:
382:
381:
376:
371:
369:
365:
355:
353:
352:
347:
343:
342:King Rama III
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:, the future
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
292:
288:
287:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
253:
251:
247:
243:
242:Kukrit Pramoj
239:
238:
232:
230:
226:
225:
220:
215:
213:
212:
207:
202:
195:
191:
186:
180:
174:
172:
168:
164:
158:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:Thai folklore
131:
126:
117:ขุนช้างขุนแผน
114:
110:
109:
100:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
1856:
1849:
1832:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1767:
1760:Baker, Chris
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1677:
1653:
1649:
1642:English Text
1634:
1628:
1606:
1605:
1598:. Retrieved
1591:
1578:
1570:
1563:. Retrieved
1556:
1543:
1516:
1507:
1496:
1491:
1482:Ghostarchive
1480:Archived at
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1455:
1446:
1433:
1402:
1396:
1389:Grayson 2012
1361:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1326:Sunthorn Phu
1317:
1313:
1307:
1290:
1280:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1223:
1214:
1203:
1199:Kanchanaburi
1191:Kanchanaburi
1188:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:Hem Vejakorn
1027:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1004:Kanchanaburi
1001:
992:
990:
985:
981:
975:
971:
969:
964:
962:
950:
938:
922:
906:
905:scriptures;
886:
870:
858:
856:
841:
838:
834:
823:
818:
807:
798:
782:
770:
758:
754:
749:
712:
690:
673:
663:
648:Supernatural
627:
619:Kanchanaburi
612:
606:
604:
580:
579:Most likely
578:
569:
567:
554:
546:
536:
524:
519:
510:
506:Kanchanaburi
479:
467:Kanchanaburi
460:
456:
452:
448:
433:
422:
393:
378:
372:
364:Samuel Smith
361:
349:
338:King Rama II
326:Sunthorn Phu
318:King Rama II
311:
298:
285:
282:
273:
269:
259:
249:
235:
233:
222:
218:
216:
209:
200:
199:
193:
189:
178:
177:Origins and
159:
128:) is a long
107:
106:
105:
1364:Chris Baker
1304:Translation
1216:Wat Palelai
1039:Chai Chatri
986:phleng choi
959:Adaptations
903:Brahminical
843:Gumarn Tong
783:waen phirot
684:throughout
656:Khun Phaen
358:Publication
332:, a son of
167:Chris Baker
1895:1872 poems
1889:Categories
1813:Asia Major
1656:(2): 239.
1618:References
1467:2013-04-18
1357:Asia Major
1322:Klaus Wenk
1220:Suphanburi
1210:Suphanburi
1180:Suphanburi
1114:treatise.
1069:Withayasan
1043:Khun Phaen
1012:Khun Phaen
993:Khun Phaen
779:แหวน พิรอด
642:Chiang Mai
615:Suphanburi
551:Chiang Mai
543:Chiang Mai
498:Chiang Mai
494:Chiang Mai
486:Chiang Mai
463:Suphanburi
436:Suphanburi
425:Suphanburi
380:samut thai
346:Khru Jaeng
192:, showing
121:pronounced
1670:216644963
1623:Thai text
1600:August 8,
1565:August 6,
1370:in 2010.
1206:Ayutthaya
1077:Siam Rath
1063:in 1975.
1049:in 1972.
1020:Siam Rath
1014:in 1998.
999:in 2002.
830:horoscope
674:thang nai
630:Vientiane
623:Ayutthaya
592:in 1791.
590:Ayutthaya
559:Ayutthaya
535:in 1767 (
533:Ayutthaya
502:Vientiane
490:Vientiane
482:Ayutthaya
429:Ayutthaya
299:klon paet
278:Ayutthaya
266:Ayutthaya
173:in 2010.
155:Ayutthaya
63:Published
57:Epic poem
1815:, 10, 2.
1690:. 1965.
1650:Folklore
1535:38725901
1484:and the
1320:(1960).
1173:Casanova
1112:feminist
1104:Freudian
1082:In 2002
949:), from
933:), from
897:), from
881:), from
871:witthaya
852:กุมารทอง
815:เหล็กไหล
767:ประเจียด
753:(called
737:elephant
709:เลขยันต์
682:Buddhism
678:Buddhism
563:Lan Xang
403:Synopsis
163:Thailand
75:Thailand
45:Language
1783:, 20.2.
1498:YouTube
1195:Phichit
1184:Phichit
1119:Klotski
826:oracles
819:lek lai
771:prajiat
759:sak yan
721:mandala
713:lek yan
693:mantras
634:Bangkok
601:Realism
431:court.
397:Damrong
262:Bangkok
28:unknown
1762:, and
1668:
1533:
1523:
1409:
1057:Bunnag
972:lakhon
919:mantra
901:, the
795:takrut
791:ตะกรุด
751:Yantra
725:yantra
715:). In
701:yantra
658:amulet
621:, and
25:Author
1790:, 33.
1666:S2CID
1607:Sebha
1588:(PDF)
1553:(PDF)
1374:Notes
1352:sepha
1169:Romeo
982:nirat
977:likay
952:agama
939:akhom
935:gatha
923:katha
915:มนตร์
883:vidya
879:วิทยา
859:wicha
745:Khmer
733:tiger
723:is a
717:India
670:ทางใน
586:Tavoy
351:sepha
344:, by
280:era.
237:sepha
224:sepha
190:sepha
179:sepha
89:Pages
84:Print
53:Genre
1857:klon
1602:2014
1567:2014
1531:OCLC
1521:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1366:and
1182:and
947:อาคม
943:Thai
931:คาถา
927:Thai
911:Thai
899:veda
891:Thai
875:Thai
867:วิชา
863:Thai
848:Thai
811:Thai
787:Thai
775:Thai
763:Thai
741:Pali
729:lion
705:Thai
697:yoga
666:Thai
561:and
484:and
295:กลอน
291:Thai
286:klon
250:sewa
211:krap
206:Siam
194:krap
169:and
150:Khun
146:Khun
142:Khun
113:Thai
92:1085
48:Thai
1811:.”
1779:."
1658:doi
1654:123
1204:In
1178:In
1171:or
917:),
907:mon
895:เวท
887:wet
799:yan
755:yan
743:or
588:at
444:wat
1891::
1664:.
1652:.
1604:.
1590:.
1569:.
1555:.
1529:.
1495:.
1488::
1421:^
1381:^
1293:.”
1218:,
988:.
945::
929::
913::
893::
877::
865::
850::
817:,
813::
793:,
789::
781:,
777::
769:,
765::
735:,
731:,
711:,
707::
672:,
668::
617:,
293::
119:,
115::
1674:.
1672:.
1660::
1537:.
1501:.
1470:.
1415:.
941:(
925:(
909:(
889:(
873:(
861:(
846:(
703:(
660:.
289:(
196:.
111:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
