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118:. Rising numbers of teenagers are selling organs in Iran amid the country’s worst ever economic crisis as young donors' healthy organs fetch high prices for desperate families. As poverty has become more widespread in Iran over the past few years, advertisements to sell and donate other body organs are also more commen.Desperate Iranians have been going to fellow Islamic countries such as Iraq to sell their kidneys, and others are being led by middlemen to travel to the United Arab Emirates and Turkey to sell other body parts.
62:, claim that after financial incentives were introduced into the kidney market, Iran eliminated their transplant waiting list by 1999. However, a closer examination reveals that many Iranians afflicted with end-stage renal disease don't receive a diagnosis and aren't referred for dialysis, so therefore would never be eligible for a transplant. Ahad Ghods, from the Hashemi Nejad Kidney Hospital in Iran, claimed "This is the main reason that the renal transplant waiting list was eliminated quickly and successfully in Iran."
81:, regulates the trade of organs with the support of the government. The organizations match donors to recipients, arranging for tests to ensure compatibility. In order to prevent corruption or inequality “neither the transplant center nor transplant physicians are involved in identifying potential vendors” The amounts paid to the donor vary in Iran; however, the average figures are between $ 2,000 to $ 4,000 for a kidney donation. In contrast, a compatible kidney sold on the global
142:
rather than living donors. The practice is sponsored and regulated by the government, through the Saudi Center for Organ
Transplantation (SCOT). The organization is also responsible for the standards of care, public and formal education, regulations, and monitoring of all types of organ transplants.
97:
Government officials acknowledge that people sell their kidneys because they need money. Money needed to cover living expenses, support children and to cover debts. Trading in kidneys preys on the weakest and most desperate segments of
Iranian society faced with ever inceasing hardships. The trade is
57:
The first kidney transplantation in the Middle
Eastern region was conducted in 1967 in Iran. It was not until the mid-1980s that these operations became commonplace. Iran allows kidney donations from both cadavers and compensated donors. Before the April 2000 law passed by parliament justifying the
575:
48:
A study has shown motivations for donating are purely financial in 43% of cases and mainly financial with a minor altruistic component in another 40%. Of the donors 76% agreed that kidney sale should be banned and if there was another chance they would prefer to beg (39%) or obtain a loan from
49:
usurers (60%) instead of vending a kidney. The goals of vending were achieved not at all by 75% of donors. However another study has been more positive, with 86.5% of donors reporting "complete satisfaction" prior to discharge, and only 1.5% reporting regret.
44:
According to an article in
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, the model has avoided many problems associated with organ trade but all models used in other developing countries have failed to slow down the worsening of transplant queues.
572:
36:
is legal and regulated by the government. In any given year, it is estimated that 1400 Iranians sell one of their kidneys to a recipient who was previously unknown to them. Iran currently is the only country in the world that allows the sale of one's
88:
One payment option is the official contract, which gives the donor the US$ 1,219 (in 2001), and is paid immediately after the surgery. The kidney recipient may also negotiated with the donor by providing additional money or other benefits.
58:
procurement of organs from those deemed clinically brain-dead, donor-compensated transplants represented over 99 percent of cases. It is now estimated that 13 percent of donations come from cadavers. Market proponents, such as the
791:
765:
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allowing the practice of organ transplants. However; as this decree allows donation to help save the life of another, it disallows acts of commerce, trade, or compensation in donations.
70:
The model is organised through voluntary worker organizations. The receivers and the government pay for the donors. Charity organizations help those who cannot pay themselves.
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769:
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697:"Iranians are putting their livers, corneas, and testicles up for sale on Telegram to pay off debts amid rocketing inflation and poverty"
41:
for compensation (typically a payment); consequently, the country does not have either a waiting list or a shortage of available organs.
597:
435:
833:
242:
219:
74:
107:
353:
460:
Hippen, Benjamin E. (2008). "Organ Sales and Moral
Travails: Lessons from the Living Kidney Vendor Program in Iran".
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828:
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Because of the limited number of cadaver candidates, there are not enough donations to satisfy demand.
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103:
620:"'Kidney for sale': Iran has a legal market for the organs, but the system doesn't always work"
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38:
469:
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In 1996, Islamic religious scholars from the Muslim Law
Council of Great Britain issued a
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A sign in Iran saying "I am donating my kidney, Blood type A+" with a telephone number in
8:
211:
509:
484:
377:"Compensated living kidney donation in Iran: donor's attitude and short-term follow-up"
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416:"Cadaveric kidney transplantation in Iran: behind the Middle Eastern countries?"
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Heidary Rouchi, Alireza; Mahdavi-Mazdeh, Mitra; Zamyadi, Mahnaz (January 2009).
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The
Charity Association for the Support of Kidney Patients (CASKP) and the
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290:
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726:"The Iranian transplant programme: comment from an Islamic perspective"
534:"Iranian Model of Paid and Regulated Living-Unrelated Kidney Donation"
274:"Iranian model of paid and regulated living-unrelated kidney donation"
374:
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115:
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not limited to kidneys but encompasses the advertising and sale of
318:"Iranian kidney donors: motivations and relations with recipients"
127:
111:
671:"Children As Young As 16 In Iran Sell Kidneys Amid Poverty"
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In Saudi Arabia, transplants are performed using medicinal
33:
218:. The Economist Newspaper Limited 2011. 16 November 2006.
249:. American Association of Kidney Patients. Archived from
93:
Motivation for selling of kidneys in the
Islamic Republic
646:"Iranians Selling Their Organs Abroad Due To Poverty"
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309:
32:The practice of selling one's kidney for profit in
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453:
815:
306:
133:
243:"A New Outlook on Compensated Kidney Donations"
85:can cost in excess of $ 160,000 in some cases.
16:Legal and government-regulated practice in Iran
768:. UK Transplant. February 2005. Archived from
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794:. NHS Blood and Transplant. Archived from
582:, The Wall Street Journal, 8 January 2010.
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594:"Black Market Kidneys, $ 160,000 a Pop"
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75:Charity Foundation for Special Diseases
816:
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240:
189:from the original on 13 November 2013
356:from the original on 22 January 2022
222:from the original on 25 October 2017
177:Sarvestani, Nima (31 October 2006).
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272:Ghods AJ, Savaj S (November 2006).
13:
600:from the original on 23 April 2011
381:Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases
14:
850:
592:Martinez, Edecio (27 July 2009).
438:from the original on 3 March 2016
179:"Iran's desperate kidney traders"
834:Organ transplantation by country
334:10.1097/00005392-200102000-00008
121:
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724:Al-Khader AA (February 2002).
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134:Similar Middle-eastern models
77:(CFSD), under control of the
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52:
241:Schall, John A. (May 2008).
7:
501:10.1136/bmj.39141.493148.94
462:Cato Policy Analysis Series
316:Zargooshi, J. (2001–2002).
212:"Psst, wanna buy a kidney?"
146:
10:
855:
792:"Islam and Organ Donation"
414:Einollahi B (April 2008).
730:Nephrol. Dial. Transplant
483:Griffin A (March 2007).
695:Nelken-Zitser, Joshua.
322:The Journal of Urology
29:
578:11 April 2014 at the
538:Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
278:Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
24:
743:10.1093/ndt/17.2.213
551:10.2215/CJN.00700206
291:10.2215/CJN.00700206
253:on 27 September 2011
485:"Kidneys On Demand"
829:Healthcare in Iran
675:Iran International
650:Iran International
153:Healthcare in Iran
79:Ministry of Health
30:
626:. 15 October 2017
624:Los Angeles Times
495:(7592): 502–505.
420:Iran J Kidney Dis
216:Organ transplants
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766:"Organ Donation"
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772:on 23 July 2011
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798:on 7 June 2011
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544:(6): 1136–45.
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328:(2): 386–392.
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284:(6): 1136–45.
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800:. Retrieved
796:the original
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774:. Retrieved
770:the original
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736:(2): 213–5.
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704:. Retrieved
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596:. CBS News.
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440:. Retrieved
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387:(1): 34–39.
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83:black-market
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839:Organ trade
706:4 September
680:4 September
655:4 September
630:4 September
426:(2): 55–6.
158:Organ trade
108:bone marrow
818:Categories
183:This World
164:References
66:Regulation
53:Background
393:1735-8582
360:26 August
342:0022-5347
752:11812868
598:Archived
576:Archived
560:17699338
519:17347232
436:Archived
432:19377209
401:19377257
354:Archived
350:11176379
300:17699338
247:RENALIFE
220:Archived
187:Archived
147:See also
140:cadavers
802:14 June
776:14 June
604:12 June
510:1819484
470:1263380
464:(614).
442:14 June
257:14 June
226:12 June
193:12 June
185:. BBC.
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391:
348:
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298:
114:, and
104:cornea
39:kidney
128:fatwa
112:sperm
100:liver
804:2011
778:2011
748:PMID
708:2024
682:2024
657:2024
632:2024
606:2011
556:PMID
515:PMID
466:SSRN
444:2011
428:PMID
397:PMID
389:ISSN
362:2022
346:PMID
338:ISSN
296:PMID
259:2011
228:2011
195:2011
116:ovum
34:Iran
738:doi
546:doi
505:PMC
497:doi
493:334
489:BMJ
330:doi
326:165
286:doi
820::
746:.
734:17
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673:.
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513:.
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452:^
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336:.
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308:^
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203:^
181:.
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197:.
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