Kinetic art - Knowledge

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not have features that are too definite. They need to have shapes and compositions that are almost unclear, and from there the viewer can believe that the figures themselves are moving in that confined space. He wanted paintings, sculptures, and even the flat works of mid-19th-century artists to show how figures could impart on the viewer that there was great movement contained in a certain space. As a philosopher, Gleizes also studied the concept of artistic movement and how that appealed to the viewer. Gleizes updated his studies and publications through the 1930s, just as kinetic art was becoming popular.

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through good modeling and movement". In 1881, when Rodin first sculpted and produced his own works of art, he rejected his earlier notions. Sculpting put Rodin into a predicament that he felt no philosopher nor anyone could ever solve; how can artists impart movement and dramatic motions from works so solid as sculptures? After this conundrum occurred to him, he published new articles that didn't attack men such as Manet, Monet, and Degas intentionally, but propagated his own theories that Impressionism is not about communicating movement but presenting it in static form.

1121: 1138: 763:, Tatlin's friend and peer who insisted his work was complete, continued the study of suspended mobiles and created what he deemed to be "non-objectivism". This style was a study less focused on mobiles than on canvas paintings and objects that were immovable. It focuses on juxtaposing objects of different materials and textures as a way to spark new ideas in the mind of the viewer. By creating discontinuity with the work, the viewer assumed that the figure was moving off the canvas or the medium to which it was restricted. One of his canvas works titled 417: 519: 472: 457: 1183: 1201: 498:(1868) interprets forms of definite movement and gives them multidimensional movement beyond the flatness of the canvas. He positions the orchestra directly in the viewer's space, while the dancers completely fill the background. Degas is alluding to the Impressionist style of combining movement, but almost redefines it in a way that was seldom seen in the late 1800s. In the 1870s, Degas continues this trend through his love of one-shot motion horse races in such works as 748: 6141: 5508: 1077: 1054: 549:(1877–1878), proves to many art historians that Monet was redefining the style of the Impressionist era. Impressionism initially was defined by isolating color, light, and movement. In the late 1870s, Monet had pioneered a style that combined all three, while maintaining a focus on the popular subjects of the Impressionist era. Artists were often so struck by Monet's wispy brushstrokes that it was more than movement in his paintings, but a 340: 66: 25: 128: 435:(1862). The figures' contours coincide with their gestures as a way to suggest depth in relation to one another and in relation to the setting. Manet also accentuates the lack of equilibrium in this work to project to the viewer that he or she is on the edge of a moment that is seconds away from passing. The blurred, hazy sense of color and shadow in this work similarly place the viewer in a fleeting moment. 875:(1946) is a series of cubic figures that are also electrically powered. When he first showed these figures at fairs and art exhibitions, he invited people up to the cubic shapes to press the switch and start the color and light show. Virtual movement is a style of kinetic art that can be associated with mobiles, but from this style of movement there are two more specific distinctions of kinetic art. 784: 272:

motors, machines, or electrically powered systems. Both apparent and virtual movement are styles of kinetic art that only recently have been argued as styles of op art. The amount of overlap between kinetic and op art is not significant enough for artists and art historians to consider merging the two styles under one umbrella term, but there are distinctions that have yet to be made.

444:. The light, color, and composition are the same, but he adds a new structure to the background figures. The woman bending in the background is not completely scaled as if she were far away from the figures in the foreground. The lack of spacing is Manet's method of creating snapshot, near-invasive movement similar to his blurring of the foreground objects in 607:

the psychological, artistic uses of movement in conjunction with the mentality that arises when considering movement. Gleizes asserted repeatedly in his publications that human creation implies the total renunciation of external sensation. That to him is what made art mobile when to many, including Rodin, it was rigidly and unflinchingly immobile.

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casually in other frames. The impressionist and overall artistic community were very impressed with this series, but were also shocked when they realized he based this series on actual photographs. Degas was not fazed by the criticisms of his integration of photography, and it actually inspired Monet to rely on similar technology.

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Max Bill's sculptures were only the beginning of the style of movement that kinetic explored. Tatlin, Rodchenko, and Calder especially took the stationary sculptures of the early 20th century and gave them the slightest freedom of motion. These three artists began with testing unpredictable movement,

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This style evolved into his drip technique. Pollock repeatedly took buckets of paint and paintbrushes and flicked them around until the canvas was covered with squiggly lines and jagged strokes. In the next phase of his work, Pollock tested his style with uncommon materials. He painted his first work

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gave him a renowned reputation in any artistic discussion. This reputation is what allowed him to act with considerable influence when supporting the plastic style or the rhythmic movement of art in the 1910s and 1920s. Gleizes published a theory on movement, which further articulated his theories on

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By the 1940s, new styles of mobiles, as well as many types of sculpture and paintings, incorporated the control of the spectator. Artists such as Calder, Tatlin, and Rodchenko produced more art through the 1960s, but they were also competing against other artists who appealed to different audiences.

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Gleizes first stressed the necessity for rhythm in art. To him, rhythm meant the visually pleasant coinciding of figures in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. Figures should be spaced mathematically, or systematically so that they appeared to interact with one another. Figures should also

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Edgar Degas is believed to be the intellectual extension of Manet, but more radical for the impressionist community. Degas' subjects are the epitome of the impressionist era; he finds great inspiration in images of ballet dancers and horse races. His "modern subjects" never obscured his objective of

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Regardless of the obvious similarities, Calder's style of mobiles created two types that are now referred to as the standard in kinetic art. There are object-mobiles and suspended mobiles. Object mobiles on supports come in a wide range of shapes and sizes and can move in any way. Suspended mobiles

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of the 20th century created an easy transition into the style of kinetic art. All artists now explored subject matter that would not have been socially acceptable to depict artistically. Artists went beyond solely painting landscapes or historical events, and felt the need to delve into the mundane

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Apparent movement is a term ascribed to kinetic art that evolved only in the 1950s. Art historians believed that any type of kinetic art that was mobile independent of the viewer has apparent movement. This style includes works that range from Pollock's drip technique all the way to Tatlin's first

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Although there is very little distinction between the styles of mobiles in kinetic art, there is one distinction that can be made. Mobiles are no longer considered mobiles when the spectator has control over their movement. This is one of the features of virtual movement. When the piece only moves

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Degas and Monet's style was very similar in one way: both of them based their artistic interpretation on a direct "retinal impression" to create the feeling of variation and movement in their art. The subjects or images that were the foundation of their paintings came from an objective view of the

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There is also a portion of kinetic art that includes virtual movement, or rather movement perceived from only certain angles or sections of the work. This term also clashes frequently with the term "apparent movement", which many people use when referring to an artwork whose movement is created by

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Despite the fact that Calder did not divulge most of the methods he used when creating his work, he admitted that he used mathematical relationships to make them. He only said that he created a balanced mobile by using direct variation proportions of weight and distance. Calder's formulas changed

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became an almost complete disciple of the kinetic movement in the 1930s. He believed that kinetic art should be executed from a purely mathematical perspective. To him, using mathematics principles and understandings were one of the few ways that you could create objective movement. This theory

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is an artist who many believe to have defined firmly and exactly the style of mobiles in kinetic art. Over years of studying his works, many critics allege that Calder was influenced by a wide variety of sources. Some claim that Chinese windbells were objects that closely resembled the shape and

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at first was very impressed by Monet's 'vibrating works' and Degas' unique understanding of spatial relationships. As an artist and an author of art reviews, Rodin published multiple works supporting this style. He claimed that Monet and Degas' work created the illusion "that art captures life

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that his attempt at creating dynamic art came to fruition. This work is part of a series of horse races and polo matches wherein the figures are well integrated into the landscape. The horses and their owners are depicted as if caught in a moment of intense deliberation, and then trotting away

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and from there he tried his first "splashes" to destroy the unity of the material itself. He believed wholeheartedly that he was liberating the materials and structure of art from their forced confinements, and that is how he arrived at the moving or kinetic art that always existed.

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in the 1950s. Pollock had an unfettered desire to animate every aspect of his paintings. Pollock repeatedly said to himself, "I am in every painting". He used tools that most painters would never use, such as sticks, trowels, and knives. He thought of the shapes he created as being

222: 838:(1966). In this piece, Calder allows the cat's head and its tail to be subject to random motion, but its body is stationary. Calder did not start the trend in suspended mobiles, but he was the artist that became recognized for his apparent originality in mobile construction. 404:. Even though they each took unique approaches to incorporating movement in their works, they did so with the intention of being a realist. In the same period, Auguste Rodin was an artist whose early works spoke in support of the developing kinetic movement in art. However, 738:

Tatlin never felt that his art was an object or a product that needed a clear beginning or a clear end. He felt above anything that his work was an evolving process. Many artists whom he befriended considered the mobile truly complete in 1936, but he disagreed vehemently.

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It can be argued, based on their similar shape and stance, that Calder's earliest object mobiles have very little to do with kinetic art or moving art. By the 1960s, most art critics believed that Calder had perfected the style of object mobiles in such creations as the

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When Calder first heard of these claims, he immediately admonished his critics. "I have never been and never will be a product of anything more than myself. My art is my own, why bother stating something about my art that isn’t true?" One of Calder's first mobiles,

845:(1933), is different from many other contemporary mobiles simply because of the shapes of the two objects. Most mobile artists such as Rodchenko and Tatlin would never have thought to use such shapes because they didn't seem malleable or even remotely aerodynamic. 1268: 623:

created many of his famous works, the United States was already at the forefront of the kinetic and popular art movements. The novel styles and methods he used to create his most famous pieces earned him the spot in the 1950s as the unchallenged leader of

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applied to every artwork he created and how he created it. Bronze, marble, copper, and brass were four of the materials he used in his sculptures. He also enjoyed tricking the viewer's eye when he or she first approached one of his sculptures. In his

1098: 709:. The term mobile wasn't coined until Rodchenko's time, but is very applicable to Tatlin's work. His mobile is a series of suspended reliefs that only need a wall or a pedestal, and it would forever stay suspended. This early mobile, 251:

that extend the viewer's perspective of the artwork and incorporate multidimensional movement are the earliest examples of kinetic art. More pertinently speaking, kinetic art is a term that today most often refers to three-dimensional

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world. As with Degas, many art historians consider that to be the subconscious effect photography had in that period of time. His 1860s works reflected many of the signs of movement that are visible in Degas' and Manet's work.

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is a wood mobile that hangs from any ceiling by a string and rotates naturally. This mobile sculpture has concentric circles that exist in several planes, but the entire sculpture only rotates horizontally and vertically.

491:, he capitalizes on the classic impressionist nudes but expands on the overall concept. He places them in a flat landscape and gives them dramatic gestures, and for him this pointed to a new theme of "youth in movement". 408:'s later criticisms of the movement indirectly challenged the abilities of Manet, Degas, and Monet, claiming that it is impossible to exactly capture a moment in time and give it the vitality that is seen in real life. 678:

and from there tried to control the movement of their figures with technological enhancements. The term "mobile" comes from the ability to modify how gravity and other atmospheric conditions affect the artist's work.

326:, 1919–20) was the first of its kind in the 20th century. From the 1920s until the 1960s, the style of kinetic art was reshaped by a number of other artists who experimented with mobiles and new forms of sculpture. 888:" to refer to optical illusions and all optically stimulating art that was on canvas or stationary. This phrase often clashes with certain aspects of kinetic art that include mobiles that are generally stationary. 984:

was a collective group of opto-kinetic artists. According to its 1963 manifesto, GRAV appealed to the direct participation of the public with an influence on its behavior, notably through the use of interactive

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promoted in their "Yellow manifesto" some new kinetic expressions based on optical and luminous phenomenon as well as painting illusionism. The expression "kinetic art" in this modern form first appeared at the

713:(1915) is judged as an incomplete work. It was a rhythm, much similar to the rhythmic styles of Pollock, that relied on the mathematical interlocking of planes that created a work freely suspended in air. 862:

developed a number of the first features of virtual movement in their art, kinetic art faced heavy criticism. This criticism lingered for years until the 1960s, when kinetic art was in a dormant period.

1242: 1312: 400:, 1954) took significant innovations and changes in compositional style. Édouard Manet, Edgar Degas, and Claude Monet were the three artists of the 19th century that initiated those changes in the 830:

were first made with colored glass and small wooden objects that hung on long threads. Object mobiles were a part of Calder's emerging style of mobiles that were originally stationary sculptures.

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art. For instance, kinetic-influenced mosaic pieces often use clear distinctions between bright and dark tiles, with three-dimensional shape, to create apparent shadows and movement.

669:(1935–1936) he created a mobile sculpture that generally appears to have perfect symmetry, but once the viewer glances at it from a different angle, there are aspects of asymmetry. 602:

Gleizes was considered the ideal philosopher of the late 19th century and early 20th century arts in Europe, and more specifically France. His theories and treatises from 1912 on

545:. The landscape almost engulfs the whole canvas and has enough motion emanating from its inexact brushstrokes that the figures are a part of the motion. This painting along with 1028:

Neo-kinetic art has been popular in China where you can find interactive kinetic sculptures in many public places, including Wuhu International Sculpture Park and in Beijing.

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painters all sought to create art that was more lifelike than their contemporaries. Degas’ dancer and racehorse portraits are examples of what he believed to be "photographic

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have a single string attached to a wall or a structure that keeps it in the air. The two works have a crinkled feature that vibrates when air passes through it.

969: 1018: 318:, one of the two artists attributed to naming this style, wrote frequently about his work as examples of "kinetic rhythm". He felt that his moving sculpture 3975: 1627: 912:

in 1960, and found its major developments in the 1960s. In most European countries, it generally included the form of optical art that mainly makes use of

268:). The moving parts are generally powered by wind, a motor or the observer. Kinetic art encompasses a wide variety of overlapping techniques and styles. 682:

under certain circumstances that are not natural, or when the spectator controls the movement even slightly, the figure operates under virtual movement.

767:(1915) embodies that desire to place items and shapes of different textures and materials together to create an image that drew in the viewer's focus. 2937: 1218: 2446: 977: 4852: 431:

It is almost impossible to ascribe Manet's work to any one era or style of art. One of his works that is truly on the brink of a new style is

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However, by the 1920s and 1930s, Rodchenko found a way to incorporate his theories of non-objectivism in mobile study. His 1920 piece

1053: 5127: 3662: 3096: 1120: 4065: 3147: 2863: 2113: 1993: 1911: 5955: 5544: 2707: 2147: 1137: 1025:. The exhibition inaugurates a "year of kinetic art" at the Museum, featuring special programming related to the artform. 949: 3445: 3428: 2829: 2439: 541: 527: 4414: 2774: 1200: 1076: 4482: 3333: 1112: 818:(1938) was the work that "proved" to many art historians that Man Ray had an obvious influence on Calder's style. Both 396:

The strides made by artists to "lift the figures and scenery off the page and prove undeniably that art is not rigid" (

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has a curated collection of artworks including large-scale kinetic installations by international artists ART+COM and

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from any medium that contains movement perceivable by the viewer or that depends on motion for its effects. Canvas

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who originally experimented with accentuating the movement of human figures on canvas. This triumvirate of

38: 6195: 6180: 4872: 4573: 3239: 2418: 4526: 2421:– Largest International Kinetic Art Organisation (Kinetic Art film and book library, KAO Museum planned) 1730: 5169: 4785: 4608: 3982: 3596: 3572: 3125: 3084: 2797: 2191:"The Development of Public Art and its Future Passive, Active and Interactive Past, Present and Future" 1332: 149: 138: 3520: 719:

or the project for the 'Monument to the Third International' (1919–20), was a design for a monumental

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felt as if they had found new inspiration to discover oddities that became the focus of kinetic art.

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By the early 1900s, certain artists grew closer and closer to ascribing their art to dynamic motion.

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Vasarely created many works that were considered to be interactive in the 1940s. One of his works

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is considered by many artists and art historians to be the first person to ever complete a

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with every new mobile he made, so other artists could never precisely imitate the work.

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that move naturally or are machine operated (see e. g. videos on this page of works of

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height of his earliest mobiles. Other art historians argue that the 1920s mobiles of

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building that was never built. It was planned to be erected in Petrograd (now

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and the extreme to interpret new styles. With the support of artists such as

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By 1875, Monet's touch becomes very swift in his new series, beginning with

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Modern Plastic Art, Elements of Reality, Volume and Disintegration

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In 1863, Manet extended his study of movement on flat canvas with

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it shows 1, 2 or 3 pips and its colour changes - sand and paint,

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mobile. By the 1960s, other art historians developed the phrase "

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Selz, Peter; Chattopadhyay, Collette; Ghirado, Diane (2009).

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1956, Painted sheet metal and metal rods, a signature work –

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Theories of Modern Art: A Source Book by Artists and Critics

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Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation

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Leaper, Laura E. (2010-02-24), "Kinetic art in America",

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showing a fish, which changes if the onlooker moves,

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Please help to ensure that disputed statements are 1857: 1855: 1277:, if the onlooker passes this ‘chameleon-painting’ 2390: 2310: 2268: 2226: 2083: 1963: 924:, as well as art based on movement represented by 731:of 1917, as the headquarters and monument of the 697:Russian artist and founder-member of the Russian 6162: 1852: 329: 2008: 878: 1644: 5538: 2440: 1340: 569:20th century surrealism and early kinetic art 866: 685:Kinetic art principles have also influenced 463:, 1877–1880, oil on canvas, by Edgar Degas, 2369: 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 5545: 5531: 2447: 2433: 2122: 1872:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t2085921 2224: 2206: 1847:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t046632 1821: 384:Learn how and when to remove this message 217:, Rickey is considered a kinetic sculptor 186:Learn how and when to remove this message 168:Learn how and when to remove this message 110:Learn how and when to remove this message 2229:The Birth of Contemporary Art: 1946-1968 2188: 2140: 2081: 1979: 1977: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 782: 746: 672: 517: 470: 455: 415: 220: 197: 144:Relevant discussion may be found on the 16:Genre of artworks that contains movement 2388: 2374:. Hatje Cantz Verlag GmbH & Co KG. 1935: 1933: 1931: 841:One of his earliest suspended mobiles, 489:Jeunes Spartiates s'exerçant à la lutte 487:creating moving art. In his 1860 piece 6163: 5128:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art 2350: 2158: 2100: 2049: 2026:"Kinetic Mosaics: The Art of Movement" 2023: 1983: 1861: 1836: 1791:Origins and Development of Kinetic Art 1788: 1731:Barrier-grid animation § Kinegram 899:gallery in Paris, Victor Vasarely and 742: 5526: 3148:Art of the late 16th century in Milan 2428: 2331: 2317:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2308: 2247: 1974: 1948: 1939: 1898: 1837:Popper, Frank (2003), "Kinetic art", 1773: 494:One of his most revolutionary works, 5956:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius 2266: 2090:. with comments by Alexander Calder. 1928: 1803: 992: 711:Contre-Reliefs Libérés Dans L'espace 648:with aluminum paint in 1947, titled 333: 121: 59: 18: 2189:Gschwend, Ralfonso (22 July 2015). 852: 778: 528:The Studio Boat (Le Bateau-atelier) 207:Four Squares in Square Arrangement, 13: 4483:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism 3334:Neoclassical architecture in Milan 2292:Fletcher Benton: The Kinetic Years 2275:. University of California Press. 2218: 1961: 1906:. London, New York: Studio-Vista. 1883: 692: 614: 14: 6207: 4557:American Figurative Expressionism 2893:International Gothic art in Italy 2412: 2082:Mulas, Ugo; Arnason, H. Harvard. 1113:Temple Israel, Memphis, Tennessee 1045: 597: 34:This article has multiple issues. 6140: 6139: 5507: 5506: 4066:Neue Künstlervereinigung München 2152:Site Internet du Centre Pompidou 2009:Giedion-Welcker, Carola (1937). 1966:Kinetic Art: Theory and Practice 1311: 1289: 1267: 1241: 1217: 1199: 1181: 1160: 1136: 1119: 1097: 1075: 1052: 954:Groupe de Recherche d’Art Visuel 765:Dance, an Objectless Composition 753:Dance. An Objectless Composition 667:Construction with Suspended Cube 556: 411: 338: 126: 64: 23: 5982:, Easter Islands (1250–1500 CE) 4988:Tunisian collaborative painting 4461:International Typographic Style 2313:Op-Tricks: Creating Kinetic Art 2182: 2094: 2075: 2043: 2017: 2002: 1988:. Watson-Guptill Publications. 628:, his work was associated with 513: 42:or discuss these issues on the 6118:Genghis Khan Equestrian Statue 6031:Liberty Enlightening the World 4741:The Caribbean Artists Movement 2419:Kinetic Art Organization (KAO) 2108:. Cambridge University Press. 1892: 1877: 1830: 1797: 542:Le Bâteau-Atelier sur la Seine 451: 1: 5552: 3097:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance 2024:Menhem, Chantal (June 2016). 1767: 330:Origins and early development 5927:Winged Victory of Samothrace 5212:Modern European ink painting 4584:Bay Area Figurative Movement 2355:. Antique Collector's Club. 2250:The Technique of Kinetic Art 1942:The Nature and Art of Motion 1804:Lijn, Liliane (2018-06-11). 891:In 1955, for the exhibition 879:Apparent movement and op art 793:Montreal Museum of Fine Arts 642:"beautiful, erratic objects" 7: 4873:Artificial intelligence art 2372:Tatlin: Art for a New World 2267:Selz, Peter Howard (1984). 2225:Terraroli, Valerio (2008). 1866:, Oxford University Press, 1841:, Oxford University Press, 1793:. New York Graphic Society. 1723: 1645:Selected kinetic op artists 735:(the Third International). 656: 364:the claims made and adding 90:the claims made and adding 10: 6212: 4786:Post-painterly abstraction 4609:Situationist International 3983:Pennsylvania Impressionism 2370:Bott Casper, Gian (2012). 2336:. Crown Publishing Group. 1341:Selected kinetic sculptors 1224:Turpin + Crawford Studio, 505:It wasn't until 1884 with 480:The Orchestra at the Opera 6135: 5890: 5819: 5733: 5702: 5656: 5560: 5502: 5306: 5071: 4881: 4661: 4453: 4437: 4369:California Scene Painting 4248:California Scene Painting 4204:Figurative Constructivism 4116: 3921: 3700: 3689: 3519: 3456: 3349: 3265: 3255:Poussinists and Rubenists 3156: 2960: 2693: 2493: 2484: 2471: 2397:. Yale University Press. 2309:Marks, Mickey K. (1972). 1984:Roukes, Nicholas (1974). 867:Materials and electricity 5467:Prehistoric European art 5116:Contemporary African art 4599:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai 4527:Generación de la Ruptura 4154:Universal Constructivism 3946:California Impressionism 3901:American Barbizon school 2389:Toynton, Evelyn (2012). 1986:Plastics for Kinetic Art 1324:Archimedean Excogitation 1191:, Sheba Medical Center, 5603:Environmental sculpture 5568:Architectural sculpture 5294:Walking Artists Network 4631:Letterist International 4471:Washington Color School 3385:Arts in the Philippines 2134:Encyclopedia Britannica 1335:, Boston, United States 441:Le déjeuner sur l'herbe 5405:Illuminated manuscript 5053:The Designers Republic 5003:Neue Slowenische Kunst 4926:Pattern and Decoration 4826:Institutional critique 4466:Abstract expressionism 3446:Latin American Baroque 3402:Colonial Asian Baroque 2332:Diehl, Gaston (1991). 2294:. Hudson Hills Press. 2233:. Rizzoli Publishing. 1940:Kepes, Gyorgy (1965). 1789:Popper, Frank (1968). 1438:Gerhard von Graevenitz 1329:rolling ball sculpture 1064:The Twister Star Huge, 997:In November 2013, the 795: 756: 532: 496:L’Orchestre de l’Opéra 483: 468: 428: 402:Impressionist movement 237: 218: 6010:Kamagaya Great Buddha 5734:Traditional materials 5703:Elements in sculpture 5043:Artist-run initiative 5018:Young British Artists 4983:New European Painting 4919:Moscow Conceptualists 4841:Feminist art movement 4619:Ukrainian underground 4594:Gutai Art Association 3993:Ten American Painters 3497:Western influence in 2474:List of art movements 2351:Milner, John (2009). 2252:. David and Charles. 1623:Panayiotis Vassilakis 1255:its shadow shows the 948:. From 1961 to 1968, 906:Museum für Gestaltung 858:When artists such as 786: 750: 673:Mobiles and sculpture 521: 474: 459: 419: 303:with vivid, cadenced 224: 209:1969, terrace of the 201: 6095:The Motherland Calls 5944:(c. 200 BCE – 70 CE) 5941:Laocoön and His Sons 5930:(c. 2nd century BCE) 5898:Great Sphinx of Giza 4853:Saqqakhaneh movement 4746:Chicano art movement 4614:Soviet Nonconformist 4420:Boston Expressionism 4403:Abstraction-Création 4221:Arbeitsrat für Kunst 4214:Cologne Progressives 3934:Art Nouveau in Milan 3737:Anglo-Japanese style 3713:National romanticism 3143:Fontainebleau School 3053:Northern Renaissance 2888:International Gothic 2248:Tovey, John (1971). 1677:Youri Messen-Jaschin 1503:Viacheslav Koleichuk 1453:Rafael Lozano-Hemmer 1209:, Sun Writer, 1986, 1109:Wings to the Heavens 1015:Rafael Lozano-Hemmer 970:Horacio Garcia Rossi 772:Hanging Construction 751:Alexander Rodchenko 729:Bolshevik Revolution 721:kinetic architecture 320:Kinetic Construction 256:and figures such as 230:Kinetic Construction 211:New National Gallery 137:factual accuracy is 6087:Christ the Redeemer 6079:Shrine of Democracy 6033:, Statue of Liberty 5657:Styles of sculpture 5388:Hierarchy of genres 4953:Saint Soleil School 4889:Post-conceptual art 4858:The Stars Art Group 4736:Black Arts Movement 4699:Neo-Dada Organizers 4500:Lyrical abstraction 4233:Australian tonalism 3906:California Tonalism 3578:Hudson River School 3381:Colonial Asian art 3121:English Renaissance 3070:Ghent–Bruges school 3058:Early Netherlandish 2970:Italian Renaissance 2883:Gothic art in Milan 2208:10.3390/arts4030093 2166:"5000 Moving Parts" 2059:Thames & Hudson 1823:10.3390/arts7020021 1128:The Bucket Fountain 1019:John Douglas Powers 761:Alexander Rodchenko 743:Alexander Rodchenko 500:Voiture aux Courses 6196:Visual arts genres 6181:Types of sculpture 6063:Jules Verne's tomb 5962:Buddhas of Bamiyan 5920:Colossus of Rhodes 5904:Abu Simbel temples 5900:(c. 2558–2532 BCE) 5891:Notable sculptures 5561:Types of sculpture 5430:Landscape painting 5038:New Leipzig School 4978:Neo-conceptual art 4726:Art & Language 4721:Capitalist realism 4643:Florida Highwaymen 4579:Hard-edge painting 4393:Streamline Moderne 4354:Harlem Renaissance 4197:Novecento Italiano 4025:Deutscher Werkbund 3852:Post-Impressionism 3414:Latin American art 3218:Guild of Romanists 3080:German Renaissance 3075:Northern Mannerism 1761:Sound installation 1741:Lumino kinetic art 1712:Jean-Pierre Yvaral 1628:Willem van Weeghel 1618:Marc van den Broek 1548:László Moholy-Nagy 1383:Gregorio Vardanega 1207:Marc van den Broek 1083:Jesús Raphael Soto 938:Gregorio Vardanega 796: 787:Alexander Calder, 757: 551:striking vibration 533: 484: 469: 446:Le Ballet Espagnol 433:Le Ballet Espagnol 429: 425:Le Ballet Espagnol 349:possibly contains 238: 219: 75:possibly contains 6158: 6157: 6048:The Golden Virgin 6040:The Gates of Hell 5974:Konark Sun Temple 5970:(c. 1194–1250 CE) 5968:Chartes Cathedral 5618:Kinetic sculpture 5520: 5519: 5302: 5301: 5158:Corporate Memphis 5111:Classical Realism 5081:Amazonian pop art 4973:Appropriation art 4941:Neo-expressionism 4811:Environmental art 4716:Nouvelle tendance 4433: 4432: 4381:Socialist realism 4238:Dresden Secession 3857:Neo-Impressionism 3820:Decadent movement 3791:Heidelberg School 3685: 3684: 3583:American luminism 3568:Düsseldorf School 3563:Shoreham Ancients 3553:Nazarene movement 3543:Danish Golden Age 3424:Indochristian art 3102:Antwerp Mannerism 2991:Pittura infamante 2985:Florentine School 2980:Proto-Renaissance 2353:Rodchenko: Design 2115:978-0-521-58717-4 1995:978-0-8230-4029-2 1962:Malina, Frank J. 1913:978-0-289-36969-2 1864:Oxford Art Online 1839:Oxford Art Online 1593:Jesús Rafael Soto 1578:Barton Rubenstein 1498:Frederick Kiesler 1448:Ralfonso Gschwend 1333:Museum of Science 1168:Nicolas Schoeffer 1040:Christian Moeller 1003:5000 Moving Parts 993:Contemporary work 966:Francisco Sobrino 958:François Morellet 934:Jesús Rafael Soto 920:, represented by 914:optical illusions 843:McCausland Mobile 547:Gare Saint-Lazare 507:Chevaux de Course 394: 393: 386: 351:original research 196: 195: 188: 178: 177: 170: 120: 119: 112: 77:original research 57: 6203: 6191:Contemporary art 6186:Motion (physics) 6143: 6142: 6103:Fallen Astronaut 5820:Modern materials 5684:Modern sculpture 5613:Installation art 5547: 5540: 5533: 5524: 5523: 5510: 5509: 5494:Western painting 5440:Modern sculpture 5398:History painting 5101:Art intervention 4894:Installation art 4711:Nouveau réalisme 4451: 4450: 4425:Leningrad School 4317:Mexican muralism 4290:Grosvenor School 4030:American Realism 4013:Der Blaue Reiter 3971:Berlin Secession 3966:Vienna Secession 3961:Munich Secession 3879:Pont-Aven School 3698: 3697: 3548:Troubadour style 3526:(c. 1770 – 1862) 3493:Qing handicrafts 3459:Western elements 3390:Letras y figuras 3363:African-American 3358:African diaspora 3329:Directoire style 3240:Heptanese school 3223:Dutch Golden Age 3208:Stroganov School 3201:Lutheran Baroque 3196:Louis XIII style 3169:Baroque in Milan 3031:Bolognese School 3026:High Renaissance 3009:Forlivese School 3004:Ferrarese School 2727:Migration Period 2491: 2490: 2449: 2442: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2408: 2396: 2385: 2366: 2347: 2328: 2316: 2305: 2286: 2274: 2263: 2244: 2232: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2106:Alexander Calder 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2021: 2015: 2014: 2013:. H. Girsberger. 2006: 2000: 1999: 1981: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1959: 1946: 1945: 1937: 1926: 1925: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1786: 1687:Abraham Palatnik 1667:Carlos Cruz-Díez 1662:Marina Apollonio 1583:Nicolas Schöffer 1403:Carlos Cruz-Diez 1378:Alexander Calder 1315: 1293: 1271: 1245: 1221: 1203: 1185: 1164: 1140: 1131:, Wellington, NZ 1123: 1101: 1079: 1056: 946:Nicolas Schöffer 930:Carlos Cruz-Diez 853:Virtual movement 799:Alexander Calder 779:Alexander Calder 707:mobile sculpture 637:Harold Rosenberg 626:kinetic painters 586:artists such as 575:surrealist style 389: 382: 378: 375: 369: 366:inline citations 342: 341: 334: 279:artists such as 191: 184: 173: 166: 162: 159: 153: 150:reliably sourced 130: 129: 122: 115: 108: 104: 101: 95: 92:inline citations 68: 67: 60: 49: 27: 26: 19: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6131: 6125:Statue of Unity 6077:Mount Rushmore 6070:Abraham Lincoln 6023:Lion of Belfort 6016:Nelson's Column 5934:Terracotta Army 5886: 5815: 5729: 5698: 5652: 5556: 5551: 5521: 5516: 5498: 5415:Interactive art 5298: 5272:SoFlo Superflat 5197:Kitsch movement 5121:Africanfuturism 5073: 5067: 4946:Transavantgarde 4877: 4831:Light and Space 4816:Performance art 4796:Psychedelic art 4679:Nueva Presencia 4669:Otra Figuración 4657: 4589:Les Plasticiens 4574:New York School 4552:Action painting 4537:Metcalf Chateau 4446: 4441: 4429: 4349:Cercle et Carré 4285:New Objectivity 4192:Return to order 4134:School of Paris 4112: 3956:School of Paris 3917: 3803:Arts and Crafts 3708:Neo-romanticism 3693: 3681: 3677:Etching revival 3629:Barbizon school 3573:Pre-Raphaelites 3525: 3522: 3515: 3458: 3452: 3345: 3319:Louis XVI style 3261: 3250:Louis XIV style 3213:Animal painting 3174:Flemish Baroque 3152: 3063:World landscape 3014:Venetian School 2956: 2943:Majorcan school 2910:Novgorod School 2900:Lucchese School 2872:Opus Anglicanum 2864:Norman-Sicilian 2808:Italo-Byzantine 2708:Early Christian 2689: 2673:Pompeian Styles 2486: 2480: 2467: 2453: 2415: 2405: 2393:Jackson Pollock 2382: 2363: 2344: 2325: 2302: 2283: 2260: 2241: 2221: 2219:Further reading 2216: 2187: 2183: 2174: 2172: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2148:"Art cinétique" 2146: 2145: 2141: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2116: 2102:Marter, Joan M. 2099: 2095: 2080: 2076: 2069: 2061:. p. 820. 2048: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2022: 2018: 2007: 2003: 1996: 1982: 1975: 1960: 1949: 1944:. G. Braziller. 1938: 1929: 1914: 1897: 1893: 1884:Popper, Frank. 1882: 1878: 1860: 1853: 1835: 1831: 1802: 1798: 1787: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1726: 1721: 1707:Victor Vasarely 1697:Eusebio Sempere 1657:Getulio Alviani 1647: 1642: 1588:Eusebio Sempere 1553:Alejandro Otero 1468:Irma Hünerfauth 1363:Fletcher Benton 1343: 1336: 1316: 1307: 1294: 1285: 1272: 1263: 1257:Male Life Cycle 1253:Sculpture-Morph 1246: 1237: 1222: 1213: 1204: 1195: 1186: 1177: 1165: 1156: 1141: 1132: 1124: 1115: 1102: 1093: 1080: 1071: 1057: 1048: 995: 881: 869: 860:Victor Vasarely 855: 781: 759:Russian artist 745: 703:Vladimir Tatlin 695: 693:Vladimir Tatlin 675: 659: 630:Action painting 621:Jackson Pollock 617: 615:Jackson Pollock 600: 588:Jackson Pollock 571: 559: 516: 454: 414: 390: 379: 373: 370: 355: 343: 339: 332: 215:Berlin, Germany 192: 181: 180: 179: 174: 163: 157: 154: 143: 135:This article's 131: 127: 116: 105: 99: 96: 81: 69: 65: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6209: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6121: 6115: 6111:Mother Ukraine 6107: 6099: 6091: 6083: 6074: 6066: 6060: 6052: 6044: 6036: 6027: 6019: 6013: 6007: 5999: 5991: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5945: 5937: 5931: 5923: 5917: 5907: 5901: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5715:Negative space 5712: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5679:Jain sculpture 5676: 5671: 5666: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5638:Soft sculpture 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5445:Late modernism 5442: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5393:Genre painting 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5343: 5341:Ballets Russes 5338: 5333: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5324:Asemic writing 5316: 5314:History of art 5310: 5308: 5307:Related topics 5304: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5242:Relational art 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5165:Hypermodernism 5162: 5161: 5160: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4911: 4906: 4904:Postminimalism 4901: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4781:Generative art 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4751:Conceptual art 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4648:Cybernetic art 4645: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4636:Ultra-Lettrist 4633: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4565: 4564: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4510:Arte Informale 4507: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4463: 4457: 4455: 4448: 4447:(1945–present) 4435: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4376:Heroic realism 4373: 4372: 4371: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4310:Latin American 4307: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4280:Group of Seven 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4250: 4245: 4243:Social realism 4240: 4235: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4226:November Group 4218: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4189: 4184: 4183: 4182: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4149:Latin American 4144:Constructivism 4141: 4139:Crystal Cubism 4136: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4068: 4063: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3849: 3844: 3842:Volcano School 3839: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3800: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3704: 3702: 3695: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3666: 3665: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3631: 3621: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3604: 3599: 3597:Norwich School 3594: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3538:Fairy painting 3529: 3527: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3462: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3429:Chilote School 3421: 3419:Casta painting 3411: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3395:Tipos del País 3392: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3365: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3283:Louis XV style 3280: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3176: 3171: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3118: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3085:Cologne School 3077: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3006: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2987: 2982: 2966: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2938:Italian school 2929: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2920:Sienese School 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2875: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2856: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2839: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2830:Pre-Romanesque 2827: 2822: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2766: 2761: 2759:Donor portrait 2756: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2699: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2668:Julio-Claudian 2665: 2660: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2617:Greco-Buddhist 2609: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2557:Protogeometric 2554: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2517: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2499: 2497: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2437: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2414: 2413:External links 2411: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2386: 2380: 2367: 2361: 2348: 2342: 2329: 2323: 2306: 2300: 2287: 2281: 2264: 2258: 2245: 2239: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2181: 2157: 2139: 2121: 2114: 2093: 2074: 2067: 2055:History of Art 2042: 2016: 2001: 1994: 1973: 1947: 1927: 1912: 1891: 1876: 1851: 1829: 1796: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1719: 1717:Romano Rizzato 1714: 1709: 1704: 1702:Grazia Varisco 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1672:Ronald Mallory 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1640: 1638:Ludwig Wilding 1635: 1633:Lyman Whitaker 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1598:Mark di Suvero 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1558:Robert Perless 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1513:Gilles Larrain 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1458:Chuck Hoberman 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1408:Marcel Duchamp 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1353:Uli Aschenborn 1350: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1317: 1310: 1308: 1297:Uli Aschenborn 1295: 1288: 1286: 1275:Uli Aschenborn 1273: 1266: 1264: 1249:Uli Aschenborn 1247: 1240: 1238: 1223: 1216: 1214: 1205: 1198: 1196: 1187: 1180: 1178: 1166: 1159: 1157: 1142: 1135: 1133: 1125: 1118: 1116: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1081: 1074: 1072: 1060:Lyman Whitaker 1058: 1051: 1047: 1046:Selected works 1044: 1032:Changi Airport 994: 991: 880: 877: 873:Gordes/Cristal 868: 865: 854: 851: 780: 777: 744: 741: 725:St. Petersburg 717:Tatlin's Tower 699:Constructivism 694: 691: 674: 671: 658: 655: 616: 613: 599: 598:Albert Gleizes 596: 580:Albert Gleizes 570: 567: 558: 555: 515: 512: 453: 450: 413: 410: 392: 391: 346: 344: 337: 331: 328: 266:Uli Aschenborn 232:, also titled 194: 193: 176: 175: 134: 132: 125: 118: 117: 72: 70: 63: 58: 32: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6208: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6003:Veiled Christ 6000: 5997: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5952:(130–100 BCE) 5951: 5950: 5949:Venus de Milo 5946: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5936:(246–210 BCE) 5935: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5910:Elgin Marbles 5908: 5906:(c. 1264 BCE) 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5593:Gas sculpture 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5536: 5534: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5513: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5378:Fantastic art 5376: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5346:Christian art 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5247:Skeuomorphism 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207:Massurrealism 5205: 5203: 5202:Lightpainting 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5186: 5185:Post-Internet 5183: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5058:Grunge design 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5013:Retrofuturism 5011: 5009: 5008:Scratch video 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4993:Memphis Group 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4968:Telematic art 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4958:Guerrilla art 4956: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4909:Endurance art 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4569:New media art 4567: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4547:Nanyang Style 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4478:Visionary art 4476: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4344:Scuola Romana 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4270:Anthropophagy 4268: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4254: 4253:Functionalism 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4173:Neoplasticism 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4076:Cubo-Futurism 4074: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4035:Ashcan School 4033: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4004: 4003:Expressionism 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3988:Mir iskusstva 3986: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3774:Boston School 3772: 3770: 3769:Hoosier Group 3767: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3759:Impressionism 3757: 3755: 3754:Peredvizhniki 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3744:Beuron School 3742: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3658:Munich School 3656: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3457:Art borrowing 3455: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3407:Company style 3405: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3307:Neoclassicism 3305: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3133:Cretan School 3131: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3090:Danube school 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2567:Orientalizing 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2552:Sub-Mycenaean 2550: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2466:art movements 2465: 2461: 2457: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2406: 2404:9780300192506 2400: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2383: 2381:9783775733632 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2362:9781851495917 2358: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2343:9780517508008 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2324:9780397312177 2320: 2315: 2314: 2307: 2303: 2301:9781555952952 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2282:9780520052567 2278: 2273: 2272: 2265: 2261: 2259:9780713425185 2255: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2240:9788861301948 2236: 2231: 2230: 2223: 2222: 2209: 2204: 2201:(3): 93–100. 2200: 2196: 2192: 2185: 2171: 2167: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2117: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2088: 2087: 2078: 2070: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2031: 2027: 2020: 2012: 2005: 1997: 1991: 1987: 1980: 1978: 1968: 1967: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1943: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1887: 1880: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1833: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1792: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1772: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1736:Gas sculpture 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1692:Bridget Riley 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1613:Wen-Ying Tsai 1611: 1609: 1608:Jean Tinguely 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1568:George Rickey 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1533:Sal Maccarone 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1518:Julio Le Parc 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1428:Arthur Ganson 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1418:Rowland Emett 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1398:Angela Conner 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1358:David Ascalon 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1319:George Rhoads 1314: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1163: 1158: 1155: 1154:Angela Conner 1151: 1147: 1146: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:David Ascalon 1100: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 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4177: 4124:Sosaku-hanga 4098:Productivism 4088:Metaphysical 4058: 4047:Proto-Cubism 3951:Secessionism 3913:Costumbrismo 3798:Aestheticism 3749:Hague School 3729: 3653:Academic art 3634:Costumbrismo 3602:Empire style 3439:Quito School 3434:Cusco School 3350:Colonial art 3311: 3299:Fête galante 3297: 3266:18th century 3228:Delft School 3179:Caravaggisti 3157:17th century 3042: 2999:Quattrocento 2989: 2947: 2870: 2773: 2703:Late antique 2587:Severe style 2577:Black-figure 2464:Contemporary 2392: 2371: 2352: 2333: 2312: 2291: 2270: 2249: 2228: 2198: 2194: 2184: 2173:. 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2798:Macedonian 2793:Iconoclast 2752:Visigothic 2658:Republican 2612:Indo-Greek 2582:Red-figure 2175:2013-11-29 2170:MIT Museum 2068:0500237018 1900:Brett, Guy 1768:References 1563:Otto Piene 1538:Heinz Mack 1473:Tim Hunkin 1443:Bruce Gray 1433:Nemo Gould 1393:U-Ram Choe 1327:(1987), a 1301:Morph-Cube 1279:Magic Dice 1251:, turning 1087:La Esfera, 1011:Anne Lilly 999:MIT Museum 987:labyrinths 978:Joël Stein 926:Yacov Agam 916:, such as 893:Mouvements 836:Cat Mobile 634:art critic 632:coined by 358:improve it 305:landscapes 254:sculptures 158:March 2013 100:March 2013 84:improve it 39:improve it 5976:(1250 CE) 5916:(438 BCE) 5914:Parthenon 5912:from the 5867:Aluminium 5837:Jesmonite 5811:Soapstone 5751:Limestone 5669:Classical 5598:Earth art 5554:Sculpture 5482:Shock art 5472:Queer art 5452:Naïve art 5435:Modernism 5267:Superflat 5257:Sound art 5237:Post-YBAs 5222:Neomodern 5063:Verdadism 5033:Superflat 4882:1970–1999 4846:in the US 4766:Video art 4689:Happening 4662:1960–1969 4454:1945–1959 4117:1915–1944 4108:Vorticism 4060:A Nyolcak 3922:1900–1914 3894:Les Nabis 3825:Symbolism 3781:Amsterdam 3731:Japonisme 3701:1863–1899 3663:in Greece 3523:to modern 3368:Caribbean 3313:Goût grec 3235:Capriccio 3189:Tenebrism 3138:Turquerie 3036:Mannerism 2931:Medieval 2788:Byzantine 2769:Mozarabic 2720:Ethiopian 2624:Neo-Attic 2607:"Baroque" 2592:Classical 2562:Geometric 2540:Mycenaean 2487:(Western) 2485:Premodern 2456:Premodern 1816:(2): 21. 1756:Sound art 1413:Lin Emery 1150:Park West 1070:sculpture 1068:whirligig 1036:Singapore 733:Comintern 701:movement 650:Cathedral 482:(c. 1870) 362:verifying 316:Naum Gabo 309:portraits 249:paintings 236:(1919–20) 226:Naum Gabo 146:talk page 88:verifying 45:talk page 6145:Category 5958:(175 CE) 5847:Concrete 5761:Porphyry 5608:Figurine 5512:Category 5462:Portrait 5383:Folk art 5331:Anti-art 5262:Stuckism 5175:Idea art 5096:Art game 5048:Artivism 4936:Punk art 4914:Sots Art 4899:Artscene 4756:Land art 4694:Neo-Dada 4626:Lettrism 4520:Nuagisme 4505:Tachisme 4386:Nazi art 4179:De Stijl 4093:Rayonism 4083:Art Deco 4071:Futurism 3862:Luminism 3830:Romanian 3815:Tonalism 3786:Canadian 3764:American 3670:Neo-Grec 3278:Rocaille 3107:Romanism 3041:Counter- 2975:Trecento 2915:Duecento 2905:Crusades 2837:Ottonian 2815:Frankish 2695:Medieval 2678:Trajanic 2638:Scythian 2633:Etruscan 2525:Cycladic 2503:Thracian 2334:Vasarely 2130:"Op art" 2104:(1997). 2053:(1995). 2035:8 August 1902:(1968). 1886:Kinetics 1724:See also 1483:Ned Kahn 1173:, 1980, 662:Max Bill 657:Max Bill 592:Max Bill 582:, other 502:(1872). 139:disputed 6150:Outline 5852:Plastic 5842:Acrylic 5766:Diorite 5756:Granite 5664:Baroque 5477:Realism 5074:present 4801:Nut Art 4604:Pop art 4542:Mono-ha 4410:The Ten 4359:Kapists 4305:Iranian 4258:Bauhaus 4052:Orphism 3998:Fauvism 3835:Russian 3725:Nihonga 3639:Verismo 3624:Realism 3558:Purismo 3471:Moorish 3466:Islamic 3373:Haitian 3164:Baroque 3043:Maniera 2927:Mudéjar 2852:Spanish 2764:Pictish 2747:Lombard 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