Baldwin IV of Jerusalem

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rejected by modern authors such as Bernard Hamilton and Peter Edbury. Hamilton posits that the factions arose only after Sibylla's marriage to Guy and centered on the king's paternal relatives (cousins Raymond of Tripoli and Bohemond of Antioch; stepmother, Maria; and her new family, the Ibelins) and maternal relatives (mother, Agnes; stepfather, Reynald of Sidon; sister, Sibylla; brother-in-law, Guy; uncle, Joscelin; and Raynald of Châtillon), of whom the king supported the latter. In light of these problems, Baldwin proposed a two-year truce with Saladin, who was glad to accept in order to campaign freely in northern Syria. Baldwin sent his uncle and chief minister, Joscelin, to assure the Byzantine court that Jerusalem still needed their protection. During Joscelin's absence, from mid-1180 to mid-1181, the full burden of government fell on the shoulders of the King, whose health was deteriorating. He relied chiefly on his mother in this period.

4101: 2165:, who were under royal protection and who provided information about the Egyptians' movements. He soon developed a fever. When he returned to Jerusalem in late 1184 or early 1185, Baldwin bestowed regency on Raymond of Tripoli, the man whom he had never trusted, but to whom he could find no better alternative. At the time he expected to survive the illness, having done so twice before, but within weeks it became apparent that it would be his last. On his deathbed he summoned the High Court to appoint a permanent regent for his nephew, Baldwin V, and Raymond was chosen. The dying king then ordered that 2151: 2117:, which may have been the first in a chain of such beacons, in order to hearten the defenders of the intensely bombarded Kerak. Baldwin accompanied his troops again, but having become blind and immobile, this time he went in a litter slung between two horses. His presence was essential to unite the discordant barons. Even his humiliated brother-in-law led his men. Warned by his scouts about the King's approach and concerned about having left Egypt unguarded, Saladin abandoned the siege on 4 December. Baldwin entered Kerak triumphantly. 791:, summoning all able-bodied men. Saladin reached Ascalon on 22 November and Baldwin led the troops out to meet him. Seeing how drastically outnumbered he was, the King retreated into the city. Saladin too saw the strength in his numbers and confidently proceeded towards Jerusalem. Baldwin managed to contact the Templars, however, and ordered them to abandon Gaza and join him. Contrary to the sultan's expectation, Baldwin and Raynald then rode out of Ascalon, joined up with the Templars, and attacked his dispersed army at 902: 763: 644: 57: 2186: 2198:

Saladin's power, which was reflected in his choice of ministers. He did not devise strategy or diplomacy alone, and delegated Church patronage and finances to his mother, Agnes, and uncle, Joscelin, respectively. His chief contribution was his determination not to abdicate before finding a suitable successor, despite leprosy making government an unbearable burden. As was clear during his reign and especially in its disastrous aftermath, Baldwin alone preserved unity in the kingdom.

2070: 4122: 2138:, Baldwin summoned his council, probably to gain support to seize Guy's fief on the grounds of refusal of the royal summons. The patriarch and the grand masters begged Baldwin to forgive Guy in order to avoid a civil war. This was as unacceptable to Baldwin as it would have been to any contemporary king. The patriarch and the grand masters stormed out of the council, swaying the rest of the assembly to withhold support for the action. 1975: 799: 555: 279:. Guy was opposed by a large fraction of the nobility, and soon permanently impaired his relationship with Baldwin. The internal discord that followed forced Baldwin to remain king, as only he was capable of uniting the quarreling nobility. Baldwin again repelled Saladin in 1182 but leprosy rendered him blind and unable to walk or use his hands in 1183. He disinherited Guy and had Sibylla's son, 2090:. Having summoned the High Court to his bedside, Baldwin entrusted the government to his brother-in-law, Guy, who was next in line to succeed him. Guy's appointment to regency was meant to be permanent. Baldwin retained only the royal title and authority over the city of Jerusalem, but he had Guy swear that, while Baldwin lived, he would not make himself king or alienate parts of the 574:. Shortly thereafter Count Raymond III of Tripoli arrived in Jerusalem and succeeded in claiming regency as the King's closest kinsman. Miles was murdered while trying to extend his hold on the government. No new seneschal was appointed for two years, and so the young and sickly king presided over burdensome High Court meetings when the regent was away on military duties or in 2106:

vital fortress and the king's half-sister within it could not be entrusted to the man who had proven unable to command the troops. Guy's removal from regency was effectively disinheritance; at the council's insistence, deliberations about the succession followed. The proposal of the king's mother that Sibylla's five-year-old son, Baldwin, be made

898:, and wrote to the king of France: "To be deprived of the use of one's limbs is of little help to one in carrying out the work of government ... It is not fitting that a hand so weak as mine should hold power when fear of Arab aggression daily presses upon the Holy City and when my sickness increases the enemy's daring." 481: 2141:

Baldwin was reconciled with the patriarch and the grand masters by June when he sent them to Europe on a diplomatic mission to seek aid for the kingdom. He informed them by letter that Saladin was once more besieging Kerak. Again, Saladin abandoned the siege when the litter-bound king approached with

319:. The king was young and recently married, making a nephew's accession seem unlikely; yet Baldwin III died childless in 1163. Amalric was his heir, but the nobles of the kingdom were strongly opposed to Amalric's wife, Agnes; they were likely threatened by the prospect of her increased influence. The 2197:

Christian defeat at Hattin two years after Baldwin's death marred the king's legacy, with historians tracing fatal discord to Baldwin's reign. Yet, while Baldwin was on the throne, the kingdom lost no territory and flourished economically and spiritually. Baldwin understood the importance of curbing

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Baldwin IV died, attended by his vassals, in March 1185 or before 16 May 1185 at the latest, when Baldwin V is recorded as the sole king. He was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, close to his father, King Amalric. The young Baldwin V died the next year. Sibylla, who succeeded her son, made

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to the castle, hoping to capture the King's half-sister and her husband. The retired king had gathered a council in Jerusalem to inform him about the government of the kingdom when news about the siege reached him. He immediately dismissed Guy from regency and resumed power, as the defense of such a

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The defeated sultan took his host to besiege Beirut, while another army from Egypt attacked the south of the kingdom. Baldwin knew that he was being provoked into dividing his forces. Deciding that Beirut was of a greater strategic importance, he ignored the southern attack and moved with his troops

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in 1180, the prince of Antioch and the count of Tripoli marched with their armies to Jerusalem. It is most likely that their intention was to force the King to have Sibylla marry Baldwin of Ibelin and to then abdicate. The king had never approved of Baldwin's ambition to marry his sister, and though

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of the illness. His condition worsened rapidly. Most severely affected were his limbs and face, which made his subjects uneasy when they approached him. Yet, contrary to the common practice, and to the surprise of Muslim observers, Baldwin was never segregated. As a leper, Baldwin could not marry or

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The question of regency for his nephew troubled Baldwin. The only way to ensure that Guy could not claim it was to have his marriage to Sibylla annulled. Baldwin discussed this with the patriarch, Heraclius. The King may have intended to claim that he had forced his sister to marry Guy and that the

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of Toron to Agnes, while associating Guy and Sibylla with him in public acts. He remained unreconciled with Raymond, however, and forbade the count to enter the kingdom in early 1182 owing to suspicions of another conspiracy. Baldwin likely intended to charge Raymond with treason and deprive him of

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Baldwin's mother, Agnes, returned to court when Raymond became regent. She is frequently accused by historians of exploiting her son's condition for self-gain, but the contemporary sources, including Baldwin's tutor, William of Tyre, are biased against her. Having grown up without her since the age

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As an adolescent, Baldwin was precocious, determined, and optimistic in the face of his illness. He took after his father in good looks, body shape, and manner of walking and expressing himself. Baldwin was a quick learner, but he stuttered. He enjoyed listening to stories and history lessons. His

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speaks of a division already at the beginning of Baldwin's reign between the cautious, diplomatic native barons and the Hospitallers on one side and the "aggressive, militantly Christian" newcomers from Western Europe and Templars on the other. This view, though common in older historiography, is

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Upon Amalric's death, the High Court convened to discuss the succession. Though he had not yet been diagnosed the High Court must have been aware of the royal physicians' suspicions that Baldwin had contracted leprosy. Yet there was no viable alternative. Baldwin was the King's only son; from his

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Fearing discontent among his barons, Baldwin had failed to give Guy any experience in military leadership prior to making him regent. Indeed, the great lords of the kingdom, the independent rulers of Antioch and Tripoli, and the grand masters of the military orders refused to cooperate with Guy.

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on his marriage to the king's sister. Baldwin visited him and became gravely ill too. William died in June, leaving Sibylla pregnant and Baldwin incapacitated without a deputy ahead of a major war offensive. The king entrusted the government and military command to Raynald, snubbing the count of

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Early in 1184 Baldwin ordered Guy to attend him as vassal in Jerusalem. Guy declined, citing poor health, and this was repeated several times. Baldwin then had himself carried to Ascalon in the company of the High Court. Guy refused to let him into the city. From the battlements and towers, the

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During the regency it became clear that the King was indeed affected by leprosy. It is not clear from whom he caught it, but it must have been someone with whom he spent a lot of time and who did not exhibit easily visible symptoms. Puberty may have accelerated the development of the

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in lifting Saladin's naval blockade of Beirut. Saladin abandoned the siege, but declined to make a truce, worrying Baldwin and his advisers. He proceeded north to fight the Zengids, thereby expanding his realm, while Baldwin led an attack on Saladin's Damascene territory, then on

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Baldwin's truce with Saladin was due to expire in May 1182 but was broken in mid-1181 by Raynald, who seized a merchant caravan on its way from Egypt to Damascus. Raynald ignored the King's request to make restitution to Saladin, who was then preparing to annex the

754:. Saladin's power remained unchecked, and the Byzantine alliance collapsed. Despite the hostility of the Latin patriarch, Amalric of Nesle, Baldwin continued to court the Greek patriarch, Leontius, in hopes that the Byzantines would remain committed to his kingdom. 467:

on Baldwin's behalf if Amalric died early. When physicians informed him that Baldwin could develop leprosy, Amalric may have begun viewing Sibylla and Stephen as eventual monarchs instead of Baldwin, but the match fell through. In June 1174, the king came down with

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Baldwin recovered unexpectedly and returned to Jerusalem. Having found that coastal climate suited his health, Baldwin offered Jerusalem to Guy in exchange for Tyre. Guy brusquely refused, possibly because Tyre was more lucrative, leaving Baldwin gravely insulted.

814:; he was reluctant because the Franks had promised not to mark that part of the border. After protests of local Muslims, Saladin offered money to Baldwin in exchange for aborting the construction, but the King refused. In 1178, Baldwin hosted the patriarch of the 2081:

dried and he became blind. He nevertheless had to summon his troops in response to Saladin's march south following the Egyptian conquest of Aleppo in June. The King then developed a life-threatening fever. He was attended by his mother and the new patriarch,

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who was famed for his learning. William noticed that, unlike other children in the playground, Baldwin did not cry when pinched by his peers. After a while it became apparent to the tutor that Baldwin could not feel pain in his right arm. The king hired

635:, who had been allowed by Raymond to encircle the crusader states by conquering Muslim principalities in Syria. Baldwin did not ratify Raymond's peace treaty with Saladin, firmly agreeing with Joscelin that the sultan's power needed to be curbed. 893:

to marry the King's stepmother, Queen Maria, in late 1177. In July 1178 Baldwin IV began associating Sibylla with him in some public acts, thereby acknowledging her as next in line to the throne. He began contemplating her marriage to Duke

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The Byzantines sent a war fleet in preparation of the invasion of Egypt but to Baldwin's regret they withdrew because of the uncooperativeness of Philip I of Flanders, Bohemond of Antioch, Raymond of Tripoli, and the grand master of the

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I have seen a time when King Baldwin of Jerusalem, the one who was a leper, beat Saladin although he only had 300 armed men against Saladin's 3,000. But now your sins have come to such a pass that we round you up in the fields like

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In spite of illness the Franks were loyal to him, they gave him every encouragement ... being satisfied to have him as their ruler; they exalted him ... they were anxious to keep him in office, but they paid no attention to his

667:. This was his first experience of warfare. Despite having use of only one hand, he refused to delegate his military duties and took part in fighting. He and his advisers then decided to intervene in Saladin's war against the 244:

in 1176. As soon as he assumed government, Baldwin planned an invasion of Egypt, which fell through because of his vassals' uncooperativeness. Saladin in turn attacked Baldwin's kingdom in 1177, but the king and the nobleman

742:. Still in sickbed in Ascalon, the king had himself taken back to Jerusalem in a litter and convened a general council, on the advice of which he offered regency to Philip. Philip declined, and Raynald retained his post. 2240:

Despite perceived sanctity Baldwin was not particularly devout. He was primarily a knight, both in character and in upbringing, and to contemporaries his most distinctive traits were his courage and honourableness.

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On the second anniversary of his coronation, 15 July 1176, Baldwin reached the age of majority and Raymond's regency lapsed. At the suggestion of his mother, the king appointed his loyal and capable maternal uncle,

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in the affected. Baldwin's reign may have led to a lesser stigmatization of the illness in the 13th-century Kingdom of Jerusalem. His subjects' acceptance of his illness confounded some Muslims. Muslim historian

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William of Montferrat married Baldwin's sister Sibylla, in November 1176 despite misgivings of the nobles who no longer trusted his cousin Emperor Frederick's ability to aid the kingdom. Baldwin offered to

432:, an essential skill for a Frankish nobleman. Having sensation in only one hand, Baldwin needed to learn to control the horse in battle using solely his knees, and mastered riding despite the handicap. 777:. With the Frankish army in northern Syria, Saladin seized the opportunity to invade Baldwin's kingdom on 18 November. Though still recovering from malaria, Baldwin rode to meet the sultan, while the 2227:

Baldwin's public image may have been aided by his chastity, seen as evidence of extraordinary sanctity, and his success against Saladin was interpreted as a sign of God's favor. After the disastrous

2007:. The law prevented the king from seizing the fief without the assent of the High Court, and the High Court urged the king to reconcile with Raymond; Baldwin reluctantly heeded his vassals' advice. 522:

After three days of deliberation Baldwin IV was chosen, with the expectation that a husband would be found for Sibylla to succeed him if he proved to be affected. The young king's

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he did wish to abdicate, he was not keen on having terms forced on him. Baldwin acted decisively before his kinsmen's armies reached Jerusalem: he arranged for Sibylla to marry a

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survived infancy. Female succession was expressly allowed, but Sibylla was an unmarried adolescent and Isabella only two years old. The male candidates, Amalric's cousins Prince

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with the lady of Oultrejourdain, Humphrey's mother, as far as possible from her maternal kin and potential conspirators. By the terms of the marriage contract, Humphrey ceded

631:, to the office of seneschal and arranged for him to marry a rich heiress, Agnes of Milly. The change in government signaled a new Frankish approach to the Egyptian ruler 253:, earning Baldwin fame. The young king mastered horse riding despite gradually losing sensation in his extremities and was able to fight in battles until his last years. 2031:. Historian Bernard Hamilton attributes the victory to the respect and loyalty commanded by Baldwin, who stayed on the battlefield despite his illness and intense heat. 806:

Not having enough men to launch an offensive on the retreating Muslims, Baldwin decided to fortify the Damascene frontier. The Templars convinced him to build a castle,

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To secure Guy's position and prevent the emergence of an alternative claimant, Baldwin had his eight-year-old half-sister, Isabella, solemnly betrothed to the teenage

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in the winter of 1176–77. Manuel agreed to take part in the invasion in return for the establishment of Byzantine protectorate over the kingdom and restoration of the

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inhabitants witnessed the King ceremoniously raised his hand to knock on the gates and demand admission only for the gates to remain closed. The King was welcomed in

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As soon as he took over the government, Baldwin began planning a full-scale attack on Egypt with his advisers. The king took advantage of Saladin's campaign in

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Baldwin's. The king was unhorsed and carried to safety on a knight's back because he could not remount on his own. In late August, Baldwin summoned a host to

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The wedding of Baldwin's half-sister, Isabella, and Humphrey IV of Toron was celebrated in Kerak in late 1183. Saladin attacked during the festivities and

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be rendered to his nephew as king and to Raymond as regent, to be followed by a solemn crown-wearing ceremony at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

2052:. In the winter of 1182–1183, after agreeing on a strategy with his council, Baldwin attacked Damascus again. He threatened to destroy a mosque in 4177: 538:. Medieval rulers were normally crowned on Sundays, but in Baldwin's case 15 July 1174 was chosen instead as it was the 75th anniversary of the 2259:

plays Baldwin. In contrast to the historical king, Baldwin is portrayed as an androgynous, orientalized, and fragile king bound to his chamber.

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was sent to investigate the King's movement but suddenly ran into him, and a skirmish followed. The elderly but exceptionally able constable,

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marriage was unlawful because of that. Sibylla's unwavering loyalty to Guy thwarted his plans, as the couple refused to appear at court.

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to Baldwin, who thus prevented the union of two great fiefs under one vassal and strengthened his position against the count of Tripoli.

566:, which was 15 in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Baldwin needed a regent to rule in his name. The government was initially assumed by the 206:

from 1174 until his death in 1185. He was admired by his contemporaries and later historians for his willpower and dedication to the

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gave Saladin confidence to attack the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In July, Baldwin marched with his host to relieve the Muslims' siege of

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Philip left the Kingdom of Jerusalem with his troops in late October 1177 to help Raymond of Tripoli attack the Muslim-held city of

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tutor, William, remarked on Baldwin's excellent memory, stating that he forgot neither kindness nor slights done to him by others.

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of two, Baldwin had no memories of his mother, but she became devotedly kind to him and he developed a strong attachment to her.

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Mitchell, Piers D. (2000). "An evaluation of the leprosy of King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem in the context of the medieval world".

2019:. The King, who consistently acted against Saladin's attempts to expand into northern Syria, decided to oppose him. The recent 425: 567: 3805: 440:

the boy would face. Had the diagnosis been made when he was a child, Baldwin might have been required by law to enter the

359:, with whom he was not close. The queen was an ambitious woman who likely saw Baldwin as an obstacle to her own children. 271:

in 1176, but William died the next year. In 1180, in order to forestall a coup by Count Raymond III of Tripoli and Prince

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for the child's father, William, concluded in June 1178 and it became appropriate to seek another husband for her.

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Baldwin developed the first symptoms of leprosy as a child but was only diagnosed after he succeeded his father,

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confiscated. In early 1185, he arranged for Raymond to rule as regent for Sibylla's son and died before 16 May.

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Baldwin made use of the truce with Saladin to strengthen the position of his maternal kin, granting Maron and

3995: 905: 675:(modern-day Lebanon), where they defeated the garrison of Damascus, forcing Saladin to abandon his campaign. 31: 2190: 4182: 4045: 3978: 2193:. Baldwin is depicted in a litter, but he was still mobile at the time and fought this battle on horseback. 671:. On 1 August, Baldwin and Raymond led the armies of Jerusalem and Tripoli, respectively, in a raid of the 535: 527: 154: 35: 436:

was suspected, but there were no visible symptoms yet and physicians hesitated to diagnose because of the

347:) and only saw Baldwin on public occasions. He also seldom saw his sister, Sibylla, who was raised in the 4167: 4025: 2177:

in 1187. Sibylla and her daughters died in 1190, leaving Isabella I as the heir to the defeated kingdom.

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Baldwin IV's family, including the Courtenay party (blue rectangular) and their opponents (red rounded)

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Baldwin could not walk unsupported or use his hands from 1183. Because of an inability to blink, his

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In late 1184 Baldwin was shocked to learn about Guy's massacre of the Bedouin of the royal fief of

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Baldwin had hoped to abdicate, but was prevented by a deep rift within his court. The historian

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arrived in the East in September. He brought to Baldwin financial aid from another cousin, King

706:, in Jerusalem. As Raynald's mission was successful, Baldwin consented to his marriage with the 691: 246: 4126: 4020: 3985: 3919: 3908: 2083: 2020: 1949: 1578: 1240: 874: 858: 815: 505: 280: 237: 116: 105: 2173:

Guy king. Baldwin IV's realm was destroyed by Saladin following his decisive victory over Guy

2056:, but local Christians convinced him not to for fear of losing their churches in retaliation. 837:, sustained fatal wounds while protecting the King. Weeks later Baldwin rode out to intercept 366:

Playmates pinch Baldwin and William of Tyre discovers first symptoms of Baldwin's leprosy, in

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his army. Once in Kerak, Baldwin ordered and financed the reparations of the damaged castle.

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despite the annulment. Baldwin grew up without a mother, as she soon remarried (firstly to

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showed little sympathy when writing about Baldwin, declaring leprosy a "just judgement of

2134:, however, where he installed a governor, thereby depriving Guy of half of his county. In 484:

Patriarch Amalric crowns King Baldwin IV, as depicted in late 13th-century edition of the

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to the kingdom, received a good education. The nine-year-old prince was sent to live with

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Death of Baldwin IV and coronation of Baldwin V in the 1280 edition of William of Tyre's

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in order to be accepted as king. Amalric succeeded in having his and Agnes's children,

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In order to carry out his attack on Egypt, Baldwin needed naval support. He thus sent

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A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187

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19th-century depiction of Baldwin commanding troops at the Battle of Montgisard, by

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In the winter of 1177–78 the king's widowed sister, Sibylla, gave birth to a son,

4060: 4030: 3858: 3826: 2228: 2166: 1813: 1231: 946: 933: 917: 886: 778: 571: 563: 416: 408: 276: 241: 39: 885:'s suit was well known, but not entertained. In order to avoid antagonizing the 56: 2114: 2102: 825:

In April 1179, Baldwin intended to round up the sheep passing from Damascus to

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The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem

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The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem

787: 785:. The King took his humble host to Ascalon, where in desperation he issued an 643: 472:. He died on 11 July leaving an underage heir, as he had feared might happen. 287:. Baldwin failed to have Sibylla's marriage to Guy annulled and Guy's fief of 4141: 2256: 2091: 2049: 2036: 954: 938: 539: 412: 328: 207: 2185: 283:, crowned co-king before having himself taken in a litter to lift Saladin's 2135: 1987: 962: 830: 811: 672: 480: 429: 226: 2201:

Contemporary Christian theologians were divided on the issue of leprosy.

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for Baldwin's sister and heir presumptive, Sibylla. Raymond's choice was

862: 807: 762: 680: 523: 392: 236:). Thereafter his hands and face became increasingly disfigured. Count 82: 3831:. By Hamilton, Bernard. Cambridge University Press. pp. 245–258. 924: 782: 469: 449: 396: 324: 554: 4121: 4075: 2087: 1991: 865:

could be fetched from Jerusalem to accompany the Christian troops.

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to lead an embassy to Emperor Manuel, Raynald's stepson-in-law, in

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had been overthrown by Saladin, who advanced into Zengid territory.

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In late November Baldwin ordered the lighting of a beacon on the

2107: 2053: 2024: 1974: 838: 738:. Henry was invested because he and Baldwin both belonged to the 722: 718: 632: 433: 219: 211: 162: 2209:", but another school of thought encouraged the faithful to see 2210: 2078: 2016: 2012: 1979: 929: 826: 798: 660: 464: 420: 400: 388: 384: 240:

ruled the kingdom in Baldwin's name until the king reached the

3006: 3004: 822:, in Jerusalem and won his lasting loyalty to Frankish cause. 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3213: 2162: 2131: 2045: 966: 508:, were politically unsuitable: Bohemond was bound to distant 3683: 3603: 3591: 3579: 3471: 3345: 2758: 362: 3851:

The feudal nobility and the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1147–1277

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13th-century depiction of Baldwin toppling an enemy at the

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second marriage Amalric had two daughters, of which only

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Amalric attempted to have Sibylla marry the French Count

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was accepted, and the boy was crowned on 20 November.

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expect to have children. It thus became a priority to

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and succeeded in protecting it from the Muslim ruler

2145: 2120: 717:In April 1177, William of Monferrat fell sick with 61:

13th-century depiction of Baldwin at his coronation

2231:, a crusader was told by an old man in Damascus: 757: 355:. At the age of six Baldwin gained a stepmother, 315:, who joked that his christening present was the 4139: 1969: 299:Baldwin was born in mid-1161. His parents were 861:, but the castle fell before the relic of the 311:. Baldwin's godfather was his paternal uncle, 3943: 2048:, before finally laying siege and capturing 4188:Burials at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre 3867:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. 3845: 3409: 651:1165. By the time Baldwin IV ascended, the 3950: 3936: 55: 2064: 3857: 3824: 3803: 3788: 3769: 3757: 3745: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3689: 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3626: 3609: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3477: 3465: 3448: 3436: 3421: 3390: 3375: 3363: 3351: 3339: 3327: 3315: 3303: 3288: 3273: 3261: 3246: 3231: 3219: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3142: 3130: 3118: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3070: 3058: 3046: 3034: 3022: 3010: 2995: 2980: 2968: 2956: 2941: 2929: 2917: 2905: 2890: 2878: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2740: 2728: 2716: 2704: 2692: 2677: 2662: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2599: 2587: 2575: 2563: 2548: 2533: 2521: 2509: 2497: 2485: 2473: 2458: 2446: 2434: 2419: 2407: 2390: 2375: 2363: 2348: 2336: 2324: 2309: 2297: 2278: 2184: 2180: 2149: 2068: 1973: 900: 797: 761: 642: 553: 479: 361: 77:11 July 1174 – March 1185 411:. Amalric ensured that Baldwin, as the 14: 4178:Royalty and nobility with disabilities 4140: 849:, and in June Saladin's raiding party 730:Tripoli. Baldwin's first cousin Count 3931: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1841: 1826: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1805: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1784: 1722: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1654: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1600: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1563: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1542: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1500: 1452: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1342: 1309: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1239: 1230: 1221: 1141: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1030: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 997: 995: 993: 991: 989: 987: 985: 983: 2021:anti-Catholic coup in Constantinople 2003:held by Raymond through marriage to 889:, however, King Baldwin had allowed 638: 419:, a sophisticated and well-traveled 143:Between March and May 1185 (aged 24) 2027:, and his outnumbered army won the 868: 376:The Kingdom of Jerusalem and other 259:Baldwin from marrying. He hoped to 27:King of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185 24: 4158:12th-century monarchs of Jerusalem 4099: 877:, named after the King. A year of 327:of his marriage on the grounds of 25: 4199: 2146:Last months, death, and aftermath 448:composed of affected knights and 4120: 2121:Brother-in-law's insubordination 802:Ruined fortress of Le Chastellet 621: 607:, Italy, and cousin of both the 534:, took place immediately in the 463:, who would rule the kingdom as 372:, painted in France in the 1250s 3797: 231: 3979:Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre 3810:. Cambridge University Press. 912:arriving in Jerusalem to find 758:Initial conflicts with Saladin 558:Seal of Raymond III of Tripoli 323:forced Amalric to agree to an 13: 1: 2263: 2059: 1970:Truce and resumed hostilities 648: 32:Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders 725:, of which he had been made 536:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 528:Latin patriarch of Jerusalem 512:, Baldwin in the service of 475: 294: 275:, Baldwin had Sibylla marry 210:in the face of debilitating 155:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 36:Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut 7: 2244: 942:, and the coup was foiled. 10: 4204: 4163:Christians of the Crusades 3804:Hamilton, Bernard (2000). 2191:Charles-Philippe Larivière 549: 305:count of Jaffa and Ascalon 198:(1161–1185), known as the 29: 4110: 4097: 3969: 3916: 3897: 3889: 3884: 1978:Saladin as depicted on a 1920: 1918: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1860: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1810: 1803: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1682: 1680: 1664: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1614: 1612: 1604: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1568: 1561: 1547: 1540: 1533: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1450: 1448: 1440: 1438: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1322: 1320: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1237: 1235: 1228: 1226: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1028: 683:to William, according to 428:Baldwin and to teach him 183: 173: 161: 149: 139: 127: 123: 112: 101: 91: 81: 73: 66: 54: 49: 1516:Baldwin III of Jerusalem 857:to respond to Saladin's 647:Map of the Near East in 349:Convent of Saint Lazarus 4173:Medieval child monarchs 2216:Imad al-Din al-Isfahani 1997:Principality of Galilee 1850:Bohemond III of Antioch 1828:Isabella I of Jerusalem 1821:Baldwin IV of Jerusalem 1025:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 601:William V of Montferrat 498:Bohemond III of Antioch 399:who had arrived in the 380:, though surrounded by 378:crusader principalities 273:Bohemond III of Antioch 4104: 2255: – film in which 2238: 2225: 2194: 2175:at the Horns of Hattin 2158: 2074: 2065:Progressing disability 1983: 1950:Baldwin V of Jerusalem 1579:Raymond III of Tripoli 1241:Melisende of Jerusalem 920: 859:siege of Le Chastellet 816:Syriac Orthodox Church 803: 770: 663:to lead a raid around 656: 559: 506:Raymond III of Tripoli 488: 387:states, were ruled by 373: 335:and Baldwin, declared 238:Raymond III of Tripoli 4103: 3847:Riley-Smith, Jonathan 3222:, pp. xviii, xx. 2233: 2220: 2188: 2181:Assessment and legacy 2153: 2072: 2029:Battle of Le Forbelet 1977: 1800:William of Montferrat 1523:Joscelin of Courtenay 1311:Hodierna of Jerusalem 904: 801: 765: 708:lady of Oultrejordain 646: 629:Joscelin of Courtenay 597:William of Montferrat 562:Until he reached the 557: 483: 461:Stephen I of Sancerre 365: 269:William of Montferrat 3963:Kingdom of Jerusalem 3480:, pp. 196, 241. 3354:, pp. 187, 240. 2767:, pp. 114, 127. 1843:Humphrey IV of Toron 1807:Sibylla of Jerusalem 1793:Philip I of Flanders 1572:Constance of Antioch 1565:Raynald of Châtillon 1537:Amalric of Jerusalem 896:Hugh III of Burgundy 835:Humphrey II of Toron 768:Battle of Montgisard 732:Philip I of Flanders 692:Raynald of Châtillon 612:Frederick Barbarossa 544:seizure of Jerusalem 486:Histoire d'Outre Mer 317:Kingdom of Jerusalem 247:Raynald of Châtillon 178:Amalric of Jerusalem 145:Kingdom of Jerusalem 134:Kingdom of Jerusalem 4183:Deaths from leprosy 3692:, pp. 230–232. 3612:, pp. 207–208. 3600:, pp. 205–206. 3588:, pp. 204–205. 3552:, pp. 202–203. 3516:, pp. 196–197. 3451:, pp. 193–194. 3330:, pp. 177–178. 3276:, pp. 172–178. 3210:, pp. 161–162. 3186:, pp. 159–160. 3121:, pp. 154–155. 3037:, pp. 238–239. 3013:, pp. 135–136. 2755:, pp. 111–112. 2743:, pp. 109–110. 2731:, pp. 107–108. 2653:, pp. 105–106. 2156:Histoire d'Outremer 1786:Henry II of England 1502:Geoffrey V of Anjou 1032:Morphia of Melitene 829:. Saladin's nephew 748:Knights Hospitaller 736:Henry II of England 616:Louis VII of France 442:Order of St Lazarus 351:by their grandaunt 4168:Kings of Jerusalem 4105: 2203:Pope Alexander III 2195: 2159: 2075: 2041:maritime republics 1984: 1871:Baldwin of Antioch 1558:Stephanie of Milly 1530:Agnes of Courtenay 1304:Alice of Jerusalem 1223:Eremburga of Maine 921: 820:Michael the Syrian 804: 781:hurried to defend 771: 712:Stephanie of Milly 700:Orthodox patriarch 669:Order of Assassins 657: 609:Holy Roman Emperor 599:, son of Margrave 593:arrange a marriage 560: 502:Baldwin of Antioch 489: 409:Western in culture 374: 309:Agnes of Courtenay 188:Agnes of Courtenay 4135: 4134: 4061:John I of Brienne 3926: 3925: 3917:Succeeded by 3900:King of Jerusalem 2524:, pp. 88–89. 2461:, pp. 40–41. 2339:, pp. 57–58. 2252:Kingdom of Heaven 2001:fief of Jerusalem 1967: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1864:Manuel I Komnenos 883:Baldwin of Ibelin 879:official mourning 685:Sicard of Cremona 681:resign the throne 653:Fatimid Caliphate 639:Planned offensive 517:Manuel I Komnenos 514:Byzantine Emperor 369:Estoire d'Eracles 263:when his sister, 257:Leprosy prevented 204:king of Jerusalem 193: 192: 68:King of Jerusalem 16:(Redirected from 4195: 4125: 4124: 4086:John I of Cyprus 3952: 3945: 3938: 3929: 3928: 3890:Preceded by 3882: 3881: 3878: 3859:Runciman, Steven 3854: 3842: 3821: 3792: 3786: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3630: 3624: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3410:Riley-Smith 1973 3407: 3394: 3388: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3292: 3286: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3250: 3244: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 2999: 2993: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2681: 2675: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2552: 2546: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2394: 2388: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2282: 2276: 2005:Eschiva of Bures 1990:to Joscelin and 1857:Maria of Antioch 1551:Balian of Ibelin 1509:Sibylla of Anjou 981: 980: 972: 971: 891:Balian of Ibelin 869:Rise of factions 752:Roger de Moulins 650: 588:lepromatous form 532:Amalric of Nesle 345:Reynald of Sidon 313:King Baldwin III 235: 234: 1163–1174 233: 59: 47: 46: 21: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4192: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4119: 4106: 4095: 3965: 3956: 3922: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3875: 3839: 3818: 3800: 3795: 3787: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3735: 3727: 3723: 3715: 3711: 3703: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3633: 3625: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3397: 3389: 3382: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3295: 3287: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3253: 3245: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3009: 3002: 2994: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2897: 2893:, pp. 127. 2889: 2885: 2877: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2841: 2837: 2829: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2684: 2676: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2649: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2555: 2547: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2397: 2389: 2382: 2374: 2370: 2362: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2285: 2277: 2270: 2266: 2247: 2229:Seventh Crusade 2183: 2148: 2123: 2067: 2062: 1972: 1814:Guy of Lusignan 1232:Fulk V of Anjou 947:Steven Runciman 934:Guy of Lusignan 871: 810:, on the upper 779:Knights Templar 760: 641: 624: 572:Miles of Plancy 564:age of majority 552: 478: 417:William of Tyre 297: 277:Guy of Lusignan 242:age of majority 230: 157: 144: 132: 62: 43: 40:Wade Baldwin IV 28: 23: 22: 18:King Baldwin IV 15: 12: 11: 5: 4201: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3955: 3954: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3915: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3885:Regnal titles 3880: 3879: 3873: 3855: 3843: 3837: 3822: 3816: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3791:, p. 243. 3774: 3772:, p. 257. 3762: 3760:, p. 242. 3750: 3748:, p. 241. 3733: 3731:, p. 240. 3721: 3719:, p. 238. 3709: 3707:, p. 235. 3694: 3682: 3680:, p. 220. 3670: 3668:, p. 218. 3658: 3656:, p. 216. 3646: 3644:, p. 444. 3631: 3629:, p. 210. 3614: 3602: 3590: 3578: 3576:, p. 204. 3566: 3564:, p. 442. 3554: 3542: 3540:, p. 201. 3530: 3528:, p. 197. 3518: 3506: 3504:, p. 441. 3494: 3492:, p. 196. 3482: 3470: 3468:, p. 195. 3453: 3441: 3439:, p. 192. 3426: 3424:, p. 191. 3414: 3412:, p. 107. 3395: 3393:, p. 189. 3380: 3378:, p. 188. 3368: 3366:, p. 253. 3356: 3344: 3342:, p. 179. 3332: 3320: 3318:, p. 176. 3308: 3306:, p. 175. 3293: 3291:, p. 174. 3278: 3266: 3264:, p. 171. 3251: 3249:, p. 168. 3236: 3234:, p. 167. 3224: 3212: 3200: 3198:, p. 161. 3188: 3176: 3174:, p. 159. 3164: 3162:, p. 158. 3147: 3145:, p. 156. 3135: 3133:, p. 155. 3123: 3111: 3109:, p. 140. 3099: 3097:, p. 139. 3087: 3085:, p. 146. 3075: 3073:, p. 143. 3063: 3061:, p. 419. 3051: 3049:, p. 422. 3039: 3027: 3025:, p. 418. 3015: 3000: 2998:, p. 417. 2985: 2983:, p. 134. 2973: 2971:, p. 133. 2961: 2959:, p. 416. 2946: 2944:, p. 415. 2934: 2932:, p. 138. 2922: 2920:, p. 130. 2910: 2908:, p. 131. 2895: 2883: 2881:, p. 123. 2871: 2869:, p. 120. 2859: 2847: 2845:, p. 414. 2835: 2833:, p. 122. 2820: 2818:, p. 110. 2808: 2806:, p. 411. 2796: 2794:, p. 118. 2781: 2779:, p. 117. 2769: 2757: 2745: 2733: 2721: 2719:, p. 108. 2709: 2707:, p. 111. 2697: 2695:, p. 239. 2682: 2680:, p. 105. 2667: 2665:, p. 106. 2655: 2643: 2641:, p. 109. 2631: 2629:, p. 102. 2619: 2617:, p. 101. 2604: 2602:, p. 249. 2592: 2590:, p. 100. 2580: 2568: 2553: 2551:, p. 405. 2538: 2526: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2478: 2463: 2451: 2439: 2437:, p. 404. 2424: 2412: 2395: 2380: 2368: 2353: 2341: 2329: 2314: 2302: 2283: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2246: 2243: 2182: 2179: 2147: 2144: 2122: 2119: 2115:Tower of David 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 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2000 3546: 3539: 3538:Hamilton 2000 3534: 3527: 3526:Hamilton 2000 3522: 3515: 3514:Hamilton 2000 3510: 3503: 3502:Runciman 1952 3498: 3491: 3490:Hamilton 2000 3486: 3479: 3478:Hamilton 2000 3474: 3467: 3466:Hamilton 2000 3462: 3460: 3458: 3450: 3449:Hamilton 2000 3445: 3438: 3437:Hamilton 2000 3433: 3431: 3423: 3422:Hamilton 2000 3418: 3411: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3392: 3391:Hamilton 2000 3387: 3385: 3377: 3376:Hamilton 2000 3372: 3365: 3364:Mitchell 2000 3360: 3353: 3352:Hamilton 2000 3348: 3341: 3340:Hamilton 2000 3336: 3329: 3328:Hamilton 2000 3324: 3317: 3316:Hamilton 2000 3312: 3305: 3304:Hamilton 2000 3300: 3298: 3290: 3289:Hamilton 2000 3285: 3283: 3275: 3274:Hamilton 2000 3270: 3263: 3262:Hamilton 2000 3258: 3256: 3248: 3247:Hamilton 2000 3243: 3241: 3233: 3232:Hamilton 2000 3228: 3221: 3220:Hamilton 2000 3216: 3209: 3208:Hamilton 2000 3204: 3197: 3196:Hamilton 2000 3192: 3185: 3184:Hamilton 2000 3180: 3173: 3172:Hamilton 2000 3168: 3161: 3160:Hamilton 2000 3156: 3154: 3152: 3144: 3143:Hamilton 2000 3139: 3132: 3131:Hamilton 2000 3127: 3120: 3119:Hamilton 2000 3115: 3108: 3107:Hamilton 2000 3103: 3096: 3095:Hamilton 2000 3091: 3084: 3083:Hamilton 2000 3079: 3072: 3071:Hamilton 2000 3067: 3060: 3059:Runciman 1952 3055: 3048: 3047:Runciman 1952 3043: 3036: 3035:Hamilton 2000 3031: 3024: 3023:Runciman 1952 3019: 3012: 3011:Hamilton 2000 3007: 3005: 2997: 2996:Runciman 1952 2992: 2990: 2982: 2981:Hamilton 2000 2977: 2970: 2969:Hamilton 2000 2965: 2958: 2957:Runciman 1952 2953: 2951: 2943: 2942:Runciman 1952 2938: 2931: 2930:Hamilton 2000 2926: 2919: 2918:Hamilton 2000 2914: 2907: 2906:Hamilton 2000 2902: 2900: 2892: 2891:Hamilton 2000 2887: 2880: 2879:Hamilton 2000 2875: 2868: 2867:Hamilton 2000 2863: 2857:, p. 12. 2856: 2855:Hamilton 2000 2851: 2844: 2843:Runciman 1952 2839: 2832: 2831:Hamilton 2000 2827: 2825: 2817: 2816:Hamilton 2000 2812: 2805: 2804:Runciman 1952 2800: 2793: 2792:Hamilton 2000 2788: 2786: 2778: 2777:Hamilton 2000 2773: 2766: 2765:Hamilton 2000 2761: 2754: 2753:Hamilton 2000 2749: 2742: 2741:Hamilton 2000 2737: 2730: 2729:Hamilton 2000 2725: 2718: 2717:Hamilton 2000 2713: 2706: 2705:Hamilton 2000 2701: 2694: 2693:Hamilton 2000 2689: 2687: 2679: 2678:Hamilton 2000 2674: 2672: 2664: 2663:Hamilton 2000 2659: 2652: 2651:Hamilton 2000 2647: 2640: 2639:Hamilton 2000 2635: 2628: 2627:Hamilton 2000 2623: 2616: 2615:Hamilton 2000 2611: 2609: 2601: 2600:Mitchell 2000 2596: 2589: 2588:Hamilton 2000 2584: 2578:, p. 96. 2577: 2576:Hamilton 2000 2572: 2566:, p. 95. 2565: 2564:Hamilton 2000 2560: 2558: 2550: 2549:Runciman 1952 2545: 2543: 2536:, p. 90. 2535: 2534:Hamilton 2000 2530: 2523: 2522:Hamilton 2000 2518: 2512:, p. 84. 2511: 2510:Hamilton 2000 2506: 2500:, p. 30. 2499: 2498:Hamilton 2000 2494: 2488:, p. 42. 2487: 2486:Hamilton 2000 2482: 2476:, p. 41. 2475: 2474:Hamilton 2000 2470: 2468: 2460: 2459:Hamilton 2000 2455: 2449:, p. 40. 2448: 2447:Hamilton 2000 2443: 2436: 2435:Runciman 1952 2431: 2429: 2422:, p. 38. 2421: 2420:Hamilton 2000 2416: 2410:, p. 32. 2409: 2408:Hamilton 2000 2404: 2402: 2400: 2393:, p. 31. 2392: 2391:Hamilton 2000 2387: 2385: 2378:, p. 43. 2377: 2376:Hamilton 2000 2372: 2366:, p. 29. 2365: 2364:Hamilton 2000 2360: 2358: 2351:, p. 28. 2350: 2349:Hamilton 2000 2345: 2338: 2337:Hamilton 2000 2333: 2327:, p. 27. 2326: 2325:Hamilton 2000 2321: 2319: 2312:, p. 34. 2311: 2310:Hamilton 2000 2306: 2300:, p. 26. 2299: 2298:Hamilton 2000 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2281:, p. 23. 2280: 2279:Hamilton 2000 2275: 2273: 2268: 2258: 2257:Edward Norton 2254: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2192: 2187: 2178: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2157: 2152: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2092:royal demesne 2089: 2085: 2080: 2071: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2050:Cave de Sueth 2047: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1982:coin, c. 1190 1981: 1976: 1960: 1951: 1927: 1925: 1895: 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Macmillan. 3850: 3827: 3806: 3798:Bibliography 3765: 3753: 3724: 3712: 3685: 3673: 3661: 3649: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3473: 3444: 3417: 3371: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3269: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3191: 3179: 3167: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3078: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3030: 3018: 2976: 2964: 2937: 2925: 2913: 2886: 2874: 2862: 2850: 2838: 2811: 2799: 2772: 2760: 2748: 2736: 2724: 2712: 2700: 2658: 2646: 2634: 2622: 2595: 2583: 2571: 2529: 2517: 2505: 2493: 2481: 2454: 2442: 2415: 2371: 2344: 2332: 2305: 2250: 2239: 2234: 2226: 2221: 2200: 2196: 2171: 2160: 2155: 2140: 2128: 2124: 2112: 2100: 2096: 2086:, at nearby 2076: 2073:Kerak Castle 2033: 2009: 1988:Chastel Neuf 1985: 1820: 963:Kerak Castle 952: 944: 937: 922: 872: 831:Farrukh Shah 824: 812:Jordan River 805: 786: 772: 744: 716: 689: 677: 673:Beqaa Valley 658: 625: 584: 580: 561: 521: 504:, and Count 490: 485: 458: 454: 430:horse riding 375: 367: 343:and then to 298: 255: 227:King Amalric 224: 199: 195: 194: 87:15 July 1174 44: 4153:1185 deaths 4148:1161 births 4127:Catholicism 4115:Family tree 4066:Isabella II 4006:Baldwin III 3913:(1183–1185) 959:Humphrey IV 923:During the 916:married to 788:arrière-ban 704:Leontius II 303:, then the 119:(1183–1185) 92:Predecessor 4142:Categories 4076:Conrad III 4036:Isabella I 4016:Baldwin IV 3991:Baldwin II 3874:0241298768 2264:References 2103:laid siege 2060:Last years 863:True Cross 808:Chastellet 793:Montgisard 524:coronation 395:-speaking 337:legitimate 321:High Court 267:, married 202:, was the 200:Leper King 196:Baldwin IV 83:Coronation 50:Baldwin IV 4071:Conrad II 4021:Baldwin V 3996:Melisende 3986:Baldwin I 3920:Baldwin V 3909:Baldwin V 3904:1174–1185 2084:Heraclius 925:Holy Week 841:raids of 614:and King 568:seneschal 476:Accession 470:dysentery 450:serjeants 397:Catholics 325:annulment 295:Childhood 281:Baldwin V 117:Baldwin V 106:Baldwin V 102:Successor 4091:Henry II 4041:Conrad I 3959:Monarchs 3861:(1952). 3849:(1973). 2245:See also 2223:leprosy. 2088:Nazareth 1992:usufruct 932:knight, 930:Poitevin 910:Bohemond 855:Tiberias 665:Damascus 605:Piedmont 494:Isabella 261:abdicate 131:Mid-1161 4046:Henry I 4026:Sibylla 4011:Amalric 3974:Godfrey 3961:of the 3893:Amalric 2236:cattle. 2218:wrote: 2108:co-king 2054:Darayya 2025:Bethsan 2015:-ruled 914:Sibylla 906:Raymond 887:Ibelins 875:Baldwin 839:Bedouin 723:Ascalon 719:malaria 633:Saladin 576:Tripoli 550:Regency 526:by the 510:Antioch 434:Leprosy 333:Sibylla 301:Amalric 289:Ascalon 265:Sibylla 220:Saladin 212:leprosy 113:Co-king 96:Amalric 4081:Hugh I 4051:Aimery 3871: 3835: 3814: 2211:Christ 2167:homage 2079:cornea 2017:Aleppo 2013:Zengid 1980:dirham 851:routed 843:Beirut 827:Banias 661:Aleppo 465:regent 438:stigma 421:cleric 401:Levant 393:French 389:Franks 385:Muslim 353:Ioveta 307:, and 184:Mother 174:Father 150:Burial 3907:with 2163:Darum 2132:Jaffa 2046:Bosra 967:Toron 847:Sidon 727:count 403:from 168:Anjou 163:House 74:Reign 4056:Mary 4001:Fulk 3977:(as 3869:ISBN 3833:ISBN 3812:ISBN 2136:Acre 2037:Tyre 1999:, a 1995:the 908:and 845:and 783:Gaza 775:Hama 444:, a 382:Arab 140:Died 128:Born 4031:Guy 2207:God 2035:to 918:Guy 721:in 603:in 542:'s 38:or 34:or 4144:: 3777:^ 3736:^ 3697:^ 3634:^ 3617:^ 3456:^ 3429:^ 3398:^ 3383:^ 3296:^ 3281:^ 3254:^ 3239:^ 3150:^ 3003:^ 2988:^ 2949:^ 2898:^ 2823:^ 2784:^ 2685:^ 2670:^ 2607:^ 2556:^ 2541:^ 2466:^ 2427:^ 2398:^ 2383:^ 2356:^ 2317:^ 2286:^ 2271:^ 2094:. 957:, 818:, 750:, 714:. 710:, 702:, 649:c. 618:. 578:. 570:, 546:. 530:, 500:, 452:. 391:, 232:r. 222:. 3981:) 3951:e 3944:t 3937:v 3877:. 3841:. 3820:. 229:( 42:. 20:)

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Knowledge

Baldwin IV of Jerusalem

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