Hussein of Jordan - Knowledge

1622: – the Iraqi prime minister who had been killed and mutilated in 1958 along with the Iraqi royal family. Jordanians believed that after this incident, Israel would march on the West Bank whether or not Jordan joined the war. Perception of King Hussein's efforts to come to peaceful terms with Israel led to great dissatisfaction among some Arab leaders. President Nasser of Egypt denounced Hussein as an "imperialist lackey." In a meeting with American officials, Hussein, sometimes with tears in his eyes, said: "The growing split between the East Bank and the West Bank has ruined my dreams," and, "There is near despair in the army and the army no longer has confidence in me." Hussein travelled to Cairo on 30 May 1967 and hastily signed an Egyptian-Jordanian mutual defense treaty, returning home to cheering crowds. Shlaim argues that Hussein had possessed options, but had made two mistakes: the first was in putting the Jordanian army under Egyptian command; the second was in allowing the entry of Iraqi troops into Jordan, which raised Israeli suspicions against Jordan. Egyptian general 1823:, and began shelling the fedayeen, who had established themselves in Palestinian refugee camps. The next day, a force from Syria with PLO markings started advancing towards Irbid, which the fedayeen declared a "liberated" city. On 22 September, the Syrians withdrew after the Jordanian army launched an air-ground offensive that inflicted heavy Syrian losses, and after Israeli Air Force jets flew over Syrian units in a symbolic show of support of Hussein, but did not engage. An agreement brokered by Egyptian President Nasser between Arafat and Hussein led to an end to the fighting on 27 September. Nasser died the following day of a heart attack. On 13 October Hussein signed an agreement with Arafat to regulate the fedayeen's presence, but the Jordanian army attacked again in January 1971. The fedayeen were driven out of Jordanian cities one by one until 2,000 fedayeen surrendered after being encircled in a forest near Ajloun on 17 July, marking the end of the conflict. 2145:, thereby removing West Bank representation in the Parliament. In a televised speech on 1 August, Hussein announced the "severing of Jordan's legal and administrative ties with the West Bank," essentially surrendering claims of sovereignty over the West Bank. The move revoked the Jordanian citizenship of Palestinians in the West Bank (who had obtained it since Jordan annexed the territory in 1950), but not that of Palestinians residing in Jordan. Nevertheless, the Hashemite custodianship over the Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem was retained. Israeli politicians were stunned, thinking it was a political manoeuvre so that the Palestinians could show support for Hussein, but later realized that it represented a shift in Jordan's policy after Hussein asked his West Bank supporters not to issue petitions demanding that he relent. In a meeting in November 1988 the PLO accepted all United Nations resolutions and agreed to recognize Israel. 2011: 2280: 2885:. During the 1960s, Jordan's main industries – including phosphate, potash and cement – were developed, and the very first network of highways was built throughout the kingdom. Social indicators reflect King Hussein's successes. Whereas in 1950 water, sanitation, and electricity were available to only 10% of Jordanians, at the end of his rule these had reached 99% of the population. In 1960 only 33% of Jordanians were literate; by 1996 this number had climbed to 85.5%. In 1961 the average Jordanian consumed a daily intake of 2,198 calories; by 1992 this figure had increased by 37.5% to reach 3,022 calories. UNICEF statistics show that between 1981 and 1991, Jordan had achieved the world's fastest annual rate of decline in infant mortality – from 70 deaths per 1,000 births in 1981 to 37 per 1,000 in 1991, a drop of over 47%. 2292:

community, refused to recognize the Iraqi-installed regime in Kuwait. The United States, seeing Jordan's neutrality as siding with Saddam, cut its aid to Jordan – aid on which Jordan depended; Gulf countries soon followed. Hussein's position in the international community was severely affected, so severe that he privately discussed his intention to abdicate. Jordan's public opinion was overwhelmingly against international intervention, and against Gulf rulers who were perceived to be greedy and corrupt. Hussein's popularity among Jordanians reached its zenith, and anti-Western demonstrations filled the streets. But Western pundits viewed Hussein's actions as impulsive and emotional, claiming that he could have dampened Jordanian public support for Iraq through better leadership. Hussein's brother, Crown Prince

2617:. Hussein was preparing for a 30-year Hamas-Israel truce three days prior to the attempt, after Hamas had launched two attacks in Jerusalem. Two Mossad agents followed Mashal to his office and injected poison into his ears, but they were caught by Mashal's bodyguard. The two agents were then held by the Jordanian police, while the six other agents hid in the Israeli embassy. Furious, Hussein met with an Israeli delegate who attempted to explain the situation; the King said in a speech about the incident that he felt that somebody "had spat in his face." Jordanian authorities requested Netanyahu to provide an antidote to save Mashal's life, but Netanyahu refused to do so. Jordan then threatened to storm the Israeli embassy and capture the rest of the Mossad team, but Israel argued that it would be against the 1827: 2096: 1641: 2296:, also disagreed with Hussein, but the King refused to recognize Saddam's wrongdoings. In late August and early September Hussein visited twelve Western and Arab capitals in an effort to promote a peaceful resolution. He finished his tour by flying directly to Baghdad to meet Saddam, where he warned: "Make a brave decision and withdraw your forces; if you don't, you will be forced out." Saddam was adamant but agreed to Hussein's request to release Western nationals who were being held as hostages. Threats of a war between Israel and Iraq were rising, and in December 1990 Hussein relayed a message to Saddam saying that Jordan would not tolerate any violations of its territory. Jordan dispatched an armored division to its borders with Iraq, and Hussein's eldest son 9506:

Arabs and Israelis and their future were not fast sliding towards an abyss of bloodshed and disaster, brought about by fear and despair. I frankly cannot accept your repeated excuse of having to act the way you do under great duress and pressure. I cannot believe that the people of Israel seek bloodshed and disaster and oppose peace. Nor can I believe that the most constitutionally powerful Prime Minister in Israeli history would act on other than his total convictions. The saddest reality that has been dawning on me is that I do not find you by my side in working to fulfill God's will for the final reconciliation of all the descendants of the children of Abraham. Your course of actions seems bent on destroying all I believe in or have striven to achieve . . .

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1960s, it became difficult to maintain such a policy. He was relentless in pursuit of peace, viewing that the only way to solve the conflict was by peaceful means, excluding his decision to join the war in 1967. The decision cost him half his kingdom and his grandfather's legacy. After the war he emerged as an advocate for Palestinian statehood. After renouncing ties to the West Bank in 1988, he remained committed to solving the conflict. His 58 secret meetings held with Israeli representatives since 1963 culminated in the signing of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994, which he considered to be his "crowning achievement."

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Jordan was arrested for plotting to assassinate Hussein. It also emerged in Jordan that the UAR was planning to overthrow both Hashemite monarchies in July 1958. Jordan reacted by arresting 40 suspected army officers, and Hussein called in Iraqi army chief of staff Rafiq Aref to brief him on the exposed plot. Aref replied, "You look after yourselves. Iraq is a very stable country, unlike Jordan. If there are any worries it is Jordan that should be worried." Although Faisal and Hussein enjoyed a very close relationship, Faisal's Iraqi entourage looked down on Jordan; Hussein attributed this attitude to Iraqi crown prince

2901: 2964: 3455: 2711:(mukhabarat), visited Hussein during his stay at the Mayo Clinic to keep him updated. Batikhi discredited the King's brother Hassan, and often voiced his support for Hussein's eldest son Abdullah as successor. Abdullah, who was 36 years old at the time, enjoyed great support from the army. He was crown prince when he was born in 1962, but Hussein transferred the title to his brother Hassan in 1965 due to political uncertainty back then. King Hussein had changed his line of succession a total of four times: "From his brother Muhammad, to his infant son Abdullah, to his second brother 3411: 2728: 1555: 2051:

and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very close – Hussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990, and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. In June 1982, after Iran's victory seemed imminent, Hussein personally carried to Saddam sensitive photographic intelligence forwarded to him by the US. In return, Saddam provided incentives for Jordanian exports to Iraq, which accounted for a quarter of all Jordan's exports, valued at $ 212.3

1540:. During the summit Nasser also attempted to convince Hussein to purchase Soviet weapons, but the Americans provided Hussein with tanks and jets instead, with the understanding that they would not be used in the West Bank at Israel's request. The PLO identified itself as a representative of the Palestinian people, which clashed with Jordan's sovereignty claim over the West Bank. The PLO started to demand that the Jordanian government legalize their activities, including the setting up of Palestinian armed units to fight Israel; the requests were denied. 7416: 7316: 7293: 7164: 7141: 6997: 6974: 6949: 6811: 2381:. The 28-member delegation consisted of 14 Jordanians and 14 Palestinians. Along with solving the Palestinian problem, Jordan sought to safeguard its interests in relation to security, the economy, water, and the environment. The peace conference convened on 30 October 1991, with delegations representing all parties to the conflict, the United States and the Soviet Union as co-sponsors, and the United Nations as observer. The conference set a framework for negotiations, and PLO representatives offered to accept a Palestinian state under a 1272: 1925: 2956: 10762: 3392: 2825:

Jordanian-controlled West Bank. From an early age he had to shoulder a heavy responsibility. The Kingdom had few natural resources, and a large Palestinian refugee population. He was able to gain his country considerable political weight on a global scale despite its limited potential. In 1980, an Israeli intelligence report described Hussein to be as "a man trapped on a bridge burning at both ends, with crocodiles in the river beneath him." Hussein was able to survive through four turbulent decades of the

3375: 1452:, an Israeli politician who would later become prime minister, was reported in 1958 as saying: "We all pray three times a day for King Hussein's safety and success." The Israelis preferred that Hussein remained in power, rather than a Nasserist regime. Hussein for his part held secret meetings with Israeli officials, including Meir, seeing the fate, needs, and challenges (e.g. water supply) of Jordan inextricably linked with those of Israel and therefore to be solved with the cooperation of the latter. 643: 10905: 10797: 3425: 619: 1393: 3441: 3358: 631: 577: 10986: 873:. He acted as a conciliatory intermediate between various Middle Eastern rivals, and came to be seen as the region's peacemaker. He was revered for pardoning political dissidents and opponents, and giving them senior posts in the government. Hussein, who survived dozens of assassination attempts and plots to overthrow him, was the region's longest-reigning leader. He died at the age of 63 from cancer in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Abdullah II. 2354:

Jordan's participation in any peace process. Hussein agreed to an American request to join an international peace conference so that Jordan could start repairing its relationship with the United States and end its political isolation. Hussein's moves towards democratization in 1989 and his stance during the 1990 Gulf War had won him considerable popularity across Jordan's political spectrum. But when Hussein replaced his conservative prime minister,

2980: 1760: 57: 2668: 3344: 599: 1737:, which became one of Jordan's foreign policy cornerstones. It denounced acquisition of territory by force and called on Israel to withdraw from territories occupied in the 1967 war. Israel rejected the resolution. Hussein restarted talks with Israeli representatives throughout 1968 and 1969, but the talks went nowhere – Shlaim claims the Israelis stalled and that Hussein refused to cede any West Bank territory. 2401: 1921:, who had become president of Syria. The summit ended with a restoration of ties between Jordan, Egypt, and Syria. Sadat disclosed to Assad and Hussein his intention to initiate military action. Hussein refused Sadat's request to allow the fedayeen's return to Jordan but agreed that in case of a military operation, Jordanian troops would play a limited defensive role in assisting the Syrians in the Golan Heights. 2783:. The funeral was the largest gathering of foreign leaders since 1995, and it was the first time that Syrian President Hafez Al-Assad was in the same room with Israeli statesmen. Khaled Mashal was also in the same room as the Mossad leaders who had tried to assassinate him just two years earlier. Four American presidents were present: Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush, Jimmy Carter, and 2007:, the Israeli Defense minister, suggested they be moved to Jordan where the monarchy would be toppled and Jordan would serve as an "alternative Palestinian homeland." Sharon boasted: "One speech by me will make King Hussein realize that the time has come to pack his bags." However, Arafat rejected Sharon's suggestion, and the fedayeen were transported to Tunisia under American cover. 2869: 2507:. The CIA handed the King a detailed report in December 1995 warning him of a Syrian plot to assassinate him and his brother Hassan. A month later, the CIA sent Hussein another report warning Jordan of Iraqi plots to attack Western targets in Jordan to undermine Jordan's security due to its support for the Iraqi opposition. In Israel, Shimon Peres of the leftist Labor Party and 882: 2744:, which failed. It was thereupon reported that Hussein had suffered internal organ failure, and was in critical condition. On 4 February, and at his request, he was flown to Jordan where he arrived in a coma. Fighter jets from several countries flew with his plane as it passed over their territories, including the United States, Britain, and Israel. Hussein arrived at the 2038:

the establishment of a Jordan–PLO accord that sought a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, an unprecedented milestone for the PLO and a Jordanian diplomatic victory. The accord was opposed by Israel and garnered no international support from either the United States or the Soviet Union. Around the same time, Hussein met Israel prime minister

1484:, Hazza's cousin and the army chief of staff, prepared for a retaliation against Syria, whose intelligence service was responsible for the assassination. He prepared three brigades in the north, but the operation was called off after combined pressures from the Americans and the British. Egyptian radios denounced Hussein as the "Judas of the Arabs." 1130: 2124:, which issued its 10th communiqué on 11 March 1988, urging its followers to "intensify the mass pressure against the occupation army and the settlers and against collaborators and personnel of the Jordanian regime." West Bank Palestinians deviation from the Jordanian state highlighted the need for a revision in Jordan's policy, and 2226:, just before Jordan lost the West Bank, and when the parliament's tenure ended in 1971, no elections could be held due to the fact that the West Bank was under Israeli occupation, but the West Bank's status became irrelevant after Jordan's disengagement in 1988. Hussein relented to the demands by dismissing Al-Rifai, and appointed 2925:

freedom of speech, and changing the parliamentary electoral law into the one-man, one-vote system in a bid to increase representation of independent regime loyalists and tribal groups at the expense of Islamist and partisan candidates. The moves impeded Jordan's path towards democracy that had started in 1956 and resumed in 1989.

1524:. His secret rapprochement with Israel was followed by a public rapprochement with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1964, which bolstered Hussein's popularity both in Jordan and in the Arab world. Hussein received a warm welcome after visiting West Bank cities afterwards. The rapprochement with Nasser happened during the 2602:, later claimed her husband was having trouble sleeping: "Everything he had worked for all his life, every relationship he had painstakingly built on trust and respect, every dream of peace and prosperity he had had for Jordan's children, was turning into a nightmare. I really did not know how much more Hussein could take." 2231:

Hussein announced his intention to appoint a 60-person royal commission to draft a reformist document named the National Charter. The National Charter sought to set a timetable for democratization acts. Although most members of the commission were regime loyalists, it included a number of opposition figures and dissidents.

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Jerusalem since the 1967 war. Hussein drew parallels between Rabin's assassination and his grandfather's assassination in 1951: "We are not ashamed, nor are we afraid, nor are we anything but determined to continue the legacy for which my friend fell, as did my grandfather in this city when I was with him and but a boy."

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Hussein considered the Palestinian issue to be the overriding national security issue, even after Jordan lost the West Bank in 1967 and after it renounced claims to it in 1988. Initially, Hussein attempted to unite both banks of the Jordan River as one people, but with the formation of the PLO in the

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suggested a peace plan that became known as the Reagan plan, similar to Hussein's 1972 federation plan. Hussein and Arafat both agreed to the plan on 1 April, but the PLO's executive office rejected it. A year and a half later, a renewed effort by Hussein to jump start the peace process culminated in

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were abandoned after desperate fighting. Israel blew up the bridges between the two banks to consolidate its control. Jordan suffered a severe setback with the loss of the West Bank, which contributed 40% to Jordan's GDP in the tourism, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Around 200,000 Palestinian

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made sorties but were destroyed by Israel when they went to refuel; Syria's and Iraq's air forces followed. Israel's air superiority on the first day of war proved decisive. Two Israeli jets attempted to assassinate Hussein; one was shot down by anti-aircraft artillery, and the other shot directly at

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on Jordan's southern borders in January 1956, and only withdrew after the British threatened to intervene on Jordan's behalf. Hussein realized that the Arab nationalist trend had dominated Arab politics, and decided to start downgrading Jordan's relationship with the British. On 1 March 1956, Hussein

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with his grandfather. A Palestinian assassin opened fire on Abdullah and his grandson, amid rumours that the King had been planning to sign a peace treaty with the newly established state of Israel. Abdullah died, but Hussein survived the assassination attempt and, according to witnesses, pursued the

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Prime Minister, My distress is genuine and deep over the accumulating tragic actions which you have initiated at the head of the Government of Israel, making peace – the worthiest objective of my life – appear more and more like a distant elusive mirage. I could remain aloof if the very lives of all

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described being flown by Hussein, saying that "...he was a daring pilot, and he would be zooming along at treetop level, and my wife, in order to be politely insistent would say, 'You know I didn't know helicopters could fly so low.' 'Oh!' said the King, 'They can fly lower!' and went below tree top

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helicopter squadron. Jordan also concentrated its forces near its border with Israel. Adding to Jordan's deteriorating situation was the arrival of 400,000 Palestinian refugees from Kuwait, who had all been working there. By 28 February 1991 the international coalition had successfully cleared Iraqi

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refugee camp, sparking unrest that spread to violent demonstrations in the West Bank. What began as an uprising to achieve Palestinian independence against the Israeli occupation turned into an upsurge of support for the PLO, which had orchestrated the uprising, and consequently diminished Jordanian

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on 19 July 1985 in the United Kingdom, where Peres assented to the accord, but later the rest of his government opposed it due to the PLO's involvement. Subsequent talks between the PLO and Jordan collapsed after the PLO refused to make concessions; in a speech Hussein announced that "after two long

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entities on each bank of the Jordan River. According to the proposal, the two districts of the federation would be autonomous, excluding the military and the foreign and security affairs that would be determined by an Amman central government. But the implementation of the plan was to be conditional

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If we look at water, it was a problem that both of us suffered from. If we look at even a flu epidemic, it affected both of us. Every aspect of life was interrelated and interlinked in some way or another. And to simply ignore that was something I could not understand. Maybe others could, others who

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toppled the Syrian regime on 28 September 1961 and the UAR collapsed. With a calmed situation in Jordan, the King issued his slogan "Let us build this country to serve this nation." But critics considered the slogan mere lip service, saying Hussein showed little interest in the economic situation of

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and the media it controlled. Nabulsi wanted to move Jordan closer to Nasser's regime, but Hussein wanted it to stay in the Western camp. Disagreements between the monarchy and the leftist government culminated in March 1957 when Nabulsi provided Hussein with a list of senior officers in the military

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He was also seen as too lenient toward some ministers who were alleged to be corrupt. The price of establishing peace with Israel in 1994 he had to pay domestically, with mounting Jordanian opposition to Israel concentrating its criticism on the King. The King reacted by introducing restrictions on

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Upon his arrival in Jordan, after a six-month medical absence from the country, he announced he was "completely cured." Hussein returned and publicly criticized his brother Hassan's management of Jordanian internal affairs. He also accused him of abusing his powers as regent and crown prince. On 24

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of his intention to travel to Baghdad to contain the situation, Hussein travelled to Baghdad on 3 August for a meeting with Saddam; at the meeting, the latter announced his intention to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait only if Arab governments refrained from issuing statements of condemnation, and

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chief Marwan Kasim, and mukhabarat director Tariq Alaeddin, helped the King prepare West Bank disengagement plans. The Jordanian Ministry of Occupied Territories Affairs was abolished on 1 July 1988, its responsibilities taken over by the Palestinian Affairs Department. On 28 July Jordan terminated

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billion five-year development plan for the West Bank, in a bid to enhance its image in the West Bank residents at the expense of the PLO. Around the same time, Hussein became troubled after he heard that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq

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argues that Israel's disproportionate retaliation exacted revenge on the wrong party, as Israeli leaders knew from their coordination with Hussein that he was doing everything he could to prevent such attacks. The incident drew fierce local criticism of Hussein amid feelings he had been betrayed by

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During his 46-year-reign, Hussein, who was seen as a charismatic, courageous, and humble leader, became widely known among Jordanians as the "builder king." He turned the Kingdom from a backwater divided polity into a reasonably stable well-governed modern state. By 1999 90% of Jordanians had been

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Hussein's policy of co-opting the opposition was his most revered. He was the region's longest reigning leader, even though he was subject to dozens of assassination attempts and plots to overthrow him. He was known to pardon political opponents and dissidents, including those who had attempted to

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after a stalemate was reached between the Israeli and Palestinian delegations. Hussein, who looked bald and weakened, arrived and urged both Arafat and Netanyahu to overcome the obstacles. Encouraged by his presence, the two leaders agreed to resolve their difficulties. Hussein received a standing

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to offer his condolences to the grieving families of the Israeli children killed. He went on his knees in front of the families, telling them that the incident was "a crime that is a shame for all of us. I feel as if I have lost a child of my own. If there is any purpose in life it will be to make

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where clashes between Palestinian and Israeli police ensued after Israeli tunnel diggings around the Mount, generated an uproar of criticism for Netanyahu in the Arab World. On 9 March 1997 Hussein sent Netanyahu a three-page letter expressing his disappointment. The King lambasted Netanyahu, with

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contained precancerous cells. When Hussein went back healed to Jordan, he received a hero's welcome – a third of Jordan's population filled the streets to greet him. On 23 November 1992 he gave an unusually aggressive speech. He called on extremists on both the right and left of the

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A UN-brokered ceasefire became active in July 1988, ending the Iran-Iraq war. Hussein had advised Saddam after 1988 to polish his image in the West by visiting other countries, and by appearing at the United Nations for a speech, but to no avail. The Iraqi-Jordanian relationship developed into the

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to form a new government. In 1986 a new electoral law was passed, which allowed the reintroduction of parliamentary elections to proceed smoothly. The cabinet passed amendments to the electoral law that removed articles dealing with West Bank representation. In May 1989, just before the elections,

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brigade to assist the Syrians in the Golan Heights. Some see it as ironic that it was the same brigade that had been sent to deter the Syrian invasion during Black September in 1970. Subsequent peace talks with Israel collapsed; while Jordan wanted a complete Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank,

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billion in 1991. The end of the Gulf War coincided with the end of the Cold War. This allowed the United States to play a more active role in solving the decades-long Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Bush administration were still angry at Hussein for the Gulf War events but realized they needed

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became prime minister of Israel, Hussein engaged in direct talks with Shamir's foreign minister, Peres, in London. After reaching an agreement between Hussein and Peres on establishing an international peace conference, Shamir and the rest of the ministers in his cabinet rejected the proposal. On

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held in Morocco on 26 October, a Fatah plot to assassinate Hussein upon his arrival was uncovered by the Moroccan authorities. The plot did not deter Hussein from joining the summit, but at the end Jordan had to join all the Arab countries in recognizing the PLO as "the sole representative of the

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was put in charge of the operation. Hussein called American President Clinton and requested his intervention, threatening to annul the treaty if Israel did not provide the antidote. Clinton later managed to get Israel's approval to reveal the name of the antidote, and complained about Netanyahu:

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Peace demands no less courage than war. It is the courage to meet the adversary, his attitudes and arguments, the courage to face hardships, the courage to bury senseless illusions, the courage to surmount impeding obstacles, the courage to engage in a dialogue to tear down the walls of fear and

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refused to reverse his position and called for Iraq's unconditional withdrawal from Kuwait. An Arab League summit held in Cairo issued a condemnation of Iraq with a fourteen-vote majority, despite calls by Jordan's foreign minister Marwan Al-Kasim that this move would hinder Hussein's efforts to

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Hussein would be subjected to several more assassination attempts. One involved replacing his nose drops with strong acid. Another plot was uncovered after a large number of cats were found dead in the royal palace; it emerged that the cook had been trying poisons to use against the king. He was

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million aid package. Sadiq Al-Shar'a, an army general who accompanied Hussein to the United States, was found to have been plotting a coup against the monarchy. News of the arrest of the conspiring officers in Jordan coincided with Hussein's visit to the US. Hussein was tipped off to Al-Shar'a's

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operator and an Honorary Member of The Radio Society of Harrow and a life member of the American Radio Relay League. He was popular in the amateur radio community and insisted that fellow operators refer to him without his title. His call sign was JY1, which inspired the name for Jordan's first

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by a Jewish extremist, who aimed to undermine Rabin's peace efforts with the Palestinians. Due to the close relationship forged with Rabin during the negotiations of the treaty, Hussein was invited to give a speech during Rabin's funeral in Jerusalem. This was the first time Hussein had been in

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Jordan hosted an Arab League summit; Hussein enjoyed good relations with rival Arab blocs, and he acted as conciliatory intermediate. He helped mobilize Arab support for Iraq against Iran, and for Jordan's peace efforts, and helped to end the decade-long Arab boycott of Egypt – a

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on 14 February 1958 in an Amman ceremony. The two rival entities launched propaganda wars against each other through their radio broadcasts. Jordanian and Syrian forces clashed in March along the border. UAR-inspired conspiracies started to emerge against the Hashemite federation. An officer in

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against King Hussein, and the dissident version asserting that it was a staged, American-backed counter-coup by Hussein against the pan-Arabist movement in Jordan. In either case, Abu Nuwar and other senior Arabist officers resigned and were allowed to leave Jordan for Syria, where they incited

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did little to alleviate the situation and tensions persisted throughout 1955. The local unrest, periodically fueled by propaganda transmitted from Egyptian radios, was only calmed after the King appointed a new prime minister who promised not to enter the Baghdad Pact. Saudi Arabia found common

1520:. The first direct contacts between Jordan and Israel started in early 1960s; Hussein had a Jewish doctor named Emmanuel Herbert who acted as intermediary between the two nations during Hussein's visits to London. In the talks, Hussein highlighted his commitment to a peaceful resolution to the 1046:

potential for kingship, and therefore he focused his efforts on the upbringing of his grandson Hussein. A special relationship grew between the two. Abdullah assigned Hussein a private tutor for extra Arabic lessons, and Hussein acted as interpreter for his grandfather during his meetings with

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The King disliked paperwork, and had no solid view for the economy. He was dubbed the "fundraiser-in-chief": throughout his reign he managed to obtain foreign aid from different sources, leaving a legacy of a foreign aid-dependent Jordan. British aid in the early 1950s, American aid from 1957

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On 6 August American troops arrived at the Kuwait-Saudi Arabian border, Saddam's conditions were ignored, and Hussein's role as mediator was undermined. Saddam then announced that his invasion had become "irreversible," and on 8 August he annexed Kuwait. Jordan, along with the international

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incident on 10 September 1970, in which the fedayeen hijacked three civilian aircraft and forced their landing in Zarqa, taking foreign nationals as hostages, and later bombing the planes in front of the international press. Hussein saw this as the last straw, and ordered the army to move.

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Hussein went on a vacation to Switzerland on 10 November. As he was flying his own plane over Syria, it was intercepted by two Syrian jets that attempted to attack. Hussein outmaneuvered the Syrians and survived the assassination attempt, landing safely in Amman, where he received a hero's

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army barracks and the 21-year-old Hussein went to end the violence between royalist and Arab nationalist army units after the latter group spread rumors that the King had been assassinated. A 3,000-man Syrian force started moving south towards the Jordanian border in support of what they

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in 1950. The country was poor in natural resources, and had a large Palestinian refugee population resulting from the war – the annexation of the West Bank had made Palestinians two-thirds of the population, outnumbering Jordanians. Upon assuming the throne, he appointed

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At home, 1998 was a difficult year for Jordanians: GDP growth had slowed considerably and could not keep pace with an accelerating population growth. Other incidents included a government scandal involving contamination of the country's water supply. Samih Batikhi, the director of the

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chief of staff, later admitted the disproportionate reaction by Israel, and that the operation would have been better directed at Syria, which was supporting such attacks: "We had neither political nor military reasons to arrive at a confrontation with Jordan or to humiliate Hussein."

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in Jerusalem was the most formative event in his life, as he had witnessed the event personally at the age of 15. Two years later, the 17-year-old schoolboy would become King. Hussein inherited the throne to a young Kingdom, whose neighbors questioned its legitimacy, along with the

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the letter's opening sentence stating: "My distress is genuine and deep over the accumulating tragic actions which you have initiated at the head of the Government of Israel, making peace – the worthiest objective of my life – appear more and more like a distant elusive mirage."

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The events at Samu triggered large-scale anti-Hashemite protests in the West Bank for what they perceived as Hussein's incompetency for defending them against Israel: rioters attacked government offices, chanted pro-Nasser slogans, and called on Hussein to have the same fate as

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erupted in Egypt, as Britain, France, and Israel launched a military offensive to seize control of the canal. Hussein was furious but Nabulsi discouraged him from intervening. Nabulsi's policies frequently clashed with that of King Hussein's, including on how to deal with the

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on 25 September. Israeli leaks of the meeting led to rumors in the Arab World that Hussein had tipped off Meir about Arab intentions. Hussein only discussed with Meir what both already knew, that the Syrian army was on alert. On 13 October Jordan joined the war and sent the

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in the eastern Jordanian desert. The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. Saddam was angry at Al-Assad for supporting Iran against an Arab country, Iraq, and Al-Assad was adamant about establishing a union between Iraq and Syria, which Saddam rejected.

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set up a peace process that became known as the Schulz Initiative. It called for Jordan rather than the PLO to represent the Palestinians; however, when Schultz contacted Hussein about the plan, he reversed his position and told him it was a matter for the PLO to decide.

1346:. Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. The alleged conspirators were sentenced to 15 years 1464:

involvement, but did not reveal it until they both landed back in Jordan. Al-Shar'a was tried and received the death penalty; Hussein reduced his sentence to life imprisonment. Four years later, Al-Shar'a was pardoned and appointed director of Jordan's passport office.

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was appointed by Hussein to form a government; it consisted of loyalists who had persuaded Hussein to launch an offensive against the Iraqi government to restore the Hashemite monarchy. The expedition was cancelled amid British opposition and the weakened state of the

2515:

party, were competing for the post of prime minister. Hussein's popularity in Israel had peaked after the peace treaty was signed, and he was expected to express support for a candidate. Hussein initially remained neutral, but later expressed support for Netanyahu.

1570:

Hussein later stated that during one of his meetings with Israeli representatives: "I told them I could not absorb a serious retaliatory raid, and they accepted the logic of this and promised there would never be one." The Palestinian nationalist organization

2336:

Jordan participated in the imposition of economic sanctions against Iraq even though the sanctions would severely affect its economy. The effects of the Gulf War, the sanctions on Iraq, and the flow of refugees to Jordan were estimated by a UN report to be $

2217:

Despite the fact that the protests were triggered by a troubling economic situation, the crowds' demands became political. Protesters accused Zaid Al-Rifai's government of rampant corruption and demanded that the martial law in place since 1957 be lifted and

3019:. The marriage was arranged. They separated in 1956 and were divorced in 1957, at which time Princess Dina became known as Her Royal Highness Princess Dina Abdul-Hamid of Jordan. She became an Egyptian citizen in 1963, and in October 1970, Princess Dina of 2175:

measures to combat the economic crisis. On 16 April 1989 the government increased prices of gasoline, licensing fees, alcoholic beverages, and cigarettes, between 15% and 50%, in a bid to increase revenues in accordance with an agreement with the

2043:

attempts, I and the government of Jordan hereby announce that we are unable to continue to coordinate politically with the PLO leadership until such time as their word becomes their bond, characterized by commitment, credibility and constancy."

2787:. Bill Clinton said about the funeral: "I don't think I have ever seen a greater outpouring of the world's appreciation and the world's love for a human being than I've seen today." Hussein was succeeded as king by his eldest son, Abdullah II. 2694:

for his lymph gland cancer over a five-month period. Hussein gained the respect of the Mayo Clinic staff for his warmth and kindness; on one occasion, a janitor cried uncontrollably after Hussein prepared a birthday party for her in his suite.

1420:

was also threatened to be toppled by growing UAR-supported domestic opposition groups. The Iraqis sent a brigade to Jordan on 13 July at Hussein's request. The Iraqi brigade's departure to Jordan gave the conspirators in Iraq, led by Brigadier

1916:

in December 1972 to inquire. Sadat informed Al-Rifai that he had been planning a limited incursion in the Sinai that would allow some political manoeuvring. Sadat then invited Al-Rifai and Hussein to a summit on 10 September 1973 with him and

1093:

in 1952 that is still in use today. Hussein was proclaimed king on 11 August 1952, succeeding to the throne three months before his 17th birthday. A telegram from Jordan was brought in to Hussein while he was staying with his mother abroad in

2748:

in Amman where it was raining heavily, yet thousands flocked from all over Jordan and gathered at the main entrance. The crowds chanted his name, some weeping, others holding his pictures. At 11:43 on 7 February, Hussein was pronounced dead.

11652: 11657: 2991:

King Hussein was less than seventeen years old, and unmarried, when he came to the throne of Jordan in 1952. He married four times. He had eleven acknowledged children, and one alleged illegitimate child. His wives and children were:

1908:. The talks between Arab countries and Israel resulted in a deadlock. The stalemate led to renewed fears of another war between Arab countries and Israel. Worried that Jordan would be dragged into another war unprepared, Hussein sent 2739:

On 25 January, the day after he proclaimed Abdullah as crown prince, Hussein returned abruptly to the United States, after experiencing fevers – a sign of recurrent lymphoma. On Tuesday 2 February, the king received a

2425:

political spectrum to end their opposition to the peace negotiations, denounced what he saw as the Gulf countries' undemocratic nature, and called on Saddam to introduce democracy to Iraq. Meanwhile, Yitzhak Rabin, under the leftist

1337:, but turned around after the army units showed their loyalty to the King. Two principal accounts emerged regarding the events at Zarqa, with the royalist version holding that the incident was an abortive coup by army chief of staff 2861:

assassinate him. He entrusted some of them with senior posts in the government. On one occasion before his death, he gave his fiercest critic a ride home from prison after having ordered his release. He was described as being a "

2112:

influence in the West Bank. Jordanian policy on the West Bank had to be reconsidered following renewed fears that Israel would revive its proposal for Jordan to become an "alternative Palestinian homeland." US Secretary of State

1811:. Hussein wanted to oust the fedayeen from the country, but hesitated to strike because he did not want his enemies to use it against him by equating Palestinian fighters with civilians. PLO actions in Jordan culminated in the 1607:

were distant, who were not equally aware or involved. By now there were Palestinians and Jordanians, and their rights, their future was at stake. One had to do something; one had to explore what was possible and what was not.

11607: 1693:

relayed a message threatening the Israelis, and the attempts stopped. The Jordanians had prepared a war strategy, but the Egyptian commander insisted to build his strategy based on the misleading information from Egypt.

2772:. An estimated 800,000 Jordanians braved chilly winds to bid their leader farewell. Riot police were stationed along the nine-mile-long route to try to hold back the crowds who scrambled for a glimpse of the coffin. 1798:

led to an upsurge of support in the Arab World for Palestinian fighters in Jordan. The PLO in Jordan grew in strength, and by the beginning of 1970 the fedayeen groups started to openly call for the overthrow of the

2724:

January 1999, Hussein replaced Hassan with his son Abdullah as heir apparent. Hassan gracefully accepted the King's decision on television, and congratulated his nephew Abdullah on his designation as crown prince.

1970:. The Accords formed the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, and allowed the withdrawal of Israel from the Sinai. In 1978 Hussein went to Baghdad for the first time since 1958; there, he met Iraqi politician 1787:, a Jordanian town along the border with the West Bank, developed into a full-scale battle. It is believed that Israel had wanted to punish Jordan for its perceived support for the PLO. After failing to capture 1444:. American troops landed in both Lebanon and Jordan as a show of support for pro-Western regimes in the region against the Nasserist tide. By October, the situation had calmed, and Western troops were recalled. 7866:

Queen Zein was born on August 2, 1916, the daughter of Sharif Jamil Bin Nasser, governor of Huran and nephew of Sharif Hussein Bin Ali of Mecca, and Wijdan Hanim, daughter of Shakir Pasha, governor of Cyprus.

3239:, by his first wife, Princess Firouzeh Vokhshouri. Princess Noor became Princess Noor al-Hamzah upon her marriage. Together they have a daughter, Princess Haya. They divorced in 2009. He remarried in 2012 to 1317:

he wanted to dismiss; Hussein initially heeded the recommendations. However, Nabulsi then presented an expanded list, which Hussein refused to act upon. Nabulsi's government was forced to resign on 10 April.

1098:, Switzerland, addressed to 'His Majesty King Hussein'. "I did not need to open it to know that my days as a schoolboy were over," Hussein later wrote in his memoirs. He returned home to cheering crowds. 8716: 1990:

When the PLO moved to Lebanon from Jordan after 1970, repeated attacks and counter-attacks occurred in southern Lebanon between the PLO and Israel. Two major Israeli incursions into Lebanon occurred in

2046:

Jordan started a crackdown on the PLO by closing their offices in Amman after the Israeli minister of defense, Yitzhak Rabin, requested it from Hussein in a secret meeting. Jordan announced a $ 1.3

1242:-Arab Army." He annulled the Anglo-Jordanian treaty and replaced British subsidies with Arab aid. Hussein's bold decisions were met with admiration at home and relations with Arab states improved. 1429:, an Iraqi unit stormed the royal palace in Iraq, executed all members of the Iraqi royal family, and mutilated the bodies of the crown prince and the Iraqi Prime Minister of the Arab Federation, 2128:

began to argue that Jordan would be better off without the Palestinians and without the West Bank. Adnan Abu Oudeh, a Palestinian descendant who was Hussein's political advisor, Prime Minister

2276:

reach a peaceful resolution. Both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia viewed Hussein with suspicion – they distrusted him and believed he was planning to obtain a share of Kuwait's wealth.

11226: 9883: 1512:

was appointed prime minister. The young politician who worked to bring sweeping reforms resigned after Hussein sought to solidify his position following the rise of the Nasser-supporting

1186:

in October 1954, while the country's parties were not yet fully organized. Abu Al-Huda lasted only a year, and the government underwent reshuffling three times within the following year.

1944:

against Israel in the Sinai and in the Golan Heights on 6 October 1973 without Hussein's knowledge. Between 10 September and 6 October, Hussein secretly met with Israeli prime minister

11612: 11363: 3132:. They divorced in 2008. He remarried in 2010 to Sara Qabbani and divorced in 2013. He is now married to Zeina Lubadeh, with whom he has two sons, Prince Abdullah and Prince Muhammad. 1882:

upon achieving a peace agreement between Israel and Jordan. Ultimately, Hussein's proposal was ruled out after it was vehemently rejected by Israel, the PLO, and several Arab states.

2802:

All what we hope for is that a day will come, when we have all gone, when people will say that this man has tried, and his family tried. This is all there is to seek in this world.

11135: 3152:(born in 1968, twin with her sister Aisha). Married to Majdi Al-Saleh, they have two children: a son Jaafar and a daughter Jumana, and an adopted daughter called Tahani Al-Shawan. 2433:. The Accords were held in secrecy between Arafat and Rabin without Hussein's knowledge, completely marginalizing Jordan and the Palestinian-Jordanian delegation in Washington. 3146:. Married to Zeid Juma, they have two children, a son, Aoun, and a daughter, Muna. They are now divorced. She married Ashraf Banayoti in 2016 and divorced him in the same year. 11627: 11562: 7952: 1350:, but later on were pardoned by Hussein in 1964 as part of his reconciliation efforts with his exiled opposition, and were entrusted with senior positions in the government. 11637: 11230: 2942:

for 20 years. This money was used by the King to establish an intelligence service but was nevertheless criticized for being handled away from the government's supervision.

2389:(IAF), increasing its representation to 34 in the 80-member House of Representative, a force strong enough to bring down the royally appointed government with a motion of a 3257:

Abunayyan). They have three daughters and two sons: Princess Halaah, Princess Rayet Al-Noor, Princess Fatima Al-Alia, Prince Hussein Haidara and Prince Mohammad Al Hassan.

2370:, and whose members and support came mostly from Palestinians in the country – vehemently rejected the new prime minister by voting against him during the 2385:

with Jordan. At home, the Muslim Brotherhood considered Al-Masri and his government as too liberal, and the Brotherhood merged with independent Islamists and formed the

2266:. Iraq's invasion of Kuwait caught Hussein by surprise; he was the ACC chairman at that time, and a personal friend of Saddam's. After informing the American president 11647: 11517: 8318:

Bowen 2003, p. 26 (citing Amman Cables 1456, 1457, 11 December 1966, National Security Files (Country File: Middle East), LBJ Library (Austin, Texas), Box 146).

2881:

born during Hussein's reign. From the very start, Hussein concentrated on building an economic and industrial infrastructure to stimulate the economy and raise the

1676:

was almost wiped out. Based on the misleading information from Cairo, Riad ordered the Jordanian army to take offensive positions and attack Israeli targets around

1158:

as prime minister. Mulki's liberal policies, including freedom of the press, led to unrest as opposition groups started a propaganda campaign against the monarchy.

2591:

million in total as compensation for the loss of life. The soldier was determined to be mentally unstable by a Jordanian military tribunal and was sentenced to 20

10091: 9010: 1592:

the Israelis; Hussein also suspected that Israel had changed its attitude towards Jordan and had intended to escalate matters in order to capture the West Bank.

11267: 2271:

no foreign troops were involved. On Hussein's way back from Baghdad, Egypt issued a condemnation of the Iraqi invasion. To Hussein's dismay, Egyptian president

767:

was appointed until Hussein came of age. He was enthroned at the age of 17 on 2 May 1953. Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children.

11677: 11602: 10296: 3057:(born in 1941), on 25 May 1961, titled Princess Muna Al-Hussein from marriage. They met when she was working in a secretarial capacity on the sets of the film 2690:. He stayed in the clinic until the end of 1998, while his brother Hassan, who had been crown prince since 1965, acted as regent. He was given six courses of 11617: 2921:

onwards, Gulf aid in the 1960s and 1970s, Arab League and Iraqi aid in the early 1980s, and, after formalizing peace with Israel, American aid in the 1990s.

1440:

to reclaim the Iraqi throne, but it was recalled after it was 150-mile (241 km) inside Iraq. Hussein, worried about a similar coup in Jordan, tightened

11672: 11128: 2587:

sure that all the children no longer suffer the way our generation did." His gesture was received very warmly in Israel, and Hussein sent the families $ 1

3028: 2686:, but doctors were unable to diagnose his ailment. Hussein returned to the clinic in July after suffering severe fevers; doctors then diagnosed him with 2653:. In 1998 Jordan refused a secret request from Netanyahu to attack Iraq using Jordanian airspace after claiming Saddam held weapons of mass destruction. 2081:

boycott that began after it unilaterally signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1979. Hussein described the summit as one of the best moments in his life.

1966:

Palestinian people," a diplomatic defeat for Hussein. The relationship between Jordan and the United States deteriorated when Jordan refused to join the

2719:

I need very much to feel the warmth of my people around me, there is work to be done and I will get the strength from my people to finish the business.

1706:

refugees fled to Jordan, destabilizing Jordan's demographics. The loss of Jerusalem was critical to Jordan, and specifically for Hussein who held the

11682: 10828: 9669: 3247:

Al-Outom); they have four daughters and two sons: Princess Zein, Princess Noor, Princess Badiya, Princess Nafisa, Prince Hussein and Prince Muhammad.

2010: 10849: 9887: 1455:

In 1959, Hussein embarked on a tour to different countries to consolidate bilateral ties. His visit to the United States gained him many friends in

1268:. Hussein was also supportive of the moves. The coinciding events in Egypt had Jordanian leftist opposition parties leaning greatly towards Nasser. 11287: 9858: 3045:(born in 1956). Married first to Nasser Wasfi Mirza, they have one child together, a son, Hussein. They divorced in 1987. She remarried in 1988 to 2779:

held an Emergency Special Session in "Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty the King of Jordan" on the same day. The King's funeral was held in the

1791:, the PLO leader, Israeli forces withdrew or were repulsed, but not before destroying the Karameh camp and sustaining relatively high casualties. 9909: 7698: 11121: 2477: 1707: 2429:, emerged as prime minister of Israel. Thus, the PLO and Israeli representatives were quick to reach an agreement, which culminated in the 1993 1303:

in Jordan's history. Hussein called this a "liberal experiment," to see how Jordanians would "react to responsibility." On 29 October 1956, the

11632: 11351: 11181: 10221: 3064:

An award-winning field hockey player and daughter of a British army officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Walter Percy Gardiner, she was given the title

1854:

was founded the same year, named after the conflict. The organization claimed responsibility for the assassination of Jordanian prime minister

1734: 11321: 1166:, meaning self-sacrificers) used Jordanian-controlled territory to launch attacks against Israel, sometimes provoking heavy retaliation. One 2492:'s administration authorized a substantial flow of aid to Jordan. After 1995 Hussein became increasingly critical of Saddam's rule in Iraq. 869:, and Israel, transforming Jordan by the end of his 46-year reign into a stable modern state. After 1967 he engaged in efforts to solve the 11622: 11522: 3321: 2662: 1500:

later pardoned and released after Hussein received a plea from the cook's daughter. Assassination attempts against the king subsided after

1334: 1280: 783: 3279:, Hussein allegedly had an illegitimate son, Timothy, in 1961. Susan and Timothy were supported for many years out of the Jordanian royal 2645:, a prominent Islamist. A few months into his imprisonment, the King personally gave Shubeilat, his fiercest critic, a ride home from the 1978:

that stretched from 1980 to 1988. The relationship grew as Saddam provided Jordan with subsidized oil, and Jordan allowed Iraq to use the

10936: 2468:

and signed the Washington declaration, which announced the "end of the state of belligerency." Subsequent negotiations culminated in the

2121: 9578: 8983: 2582:

and wounded six others. The King, who was on an official visit to Spain, returned home immediately. He travelled to the Israeli town of

1368:, due to the conflict between states led by Nasserist Egypt and traditionalist kingdoms led by Saudi Arabia. Egypt and Syria formed the 11404: 2524:), claims that Hussein had preferred Netanyahu over Peres as he had deeply mistrusted the latter. The Israeli general election held on 2090: 807: 9488: 2374:. The Brotherhood also refused to participate in the National Congress where the King hoped to gather support for a peace settlement. 2279: 11577: 11527: 10740: 10362: 7960: 7817: 2708: 2622: 2464:

candidates. Consequently, the IAF's seats decreased from 34 to 21 seats out of 80. On 25 July 1994 Rabin and Hussein appeared at the

1231: 10240: 8634:

Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, The: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History

2888:

Hussein established the Al-Amal medical center in 1997, a clinic specializing in cancer treatment in Jordan. Renamed in 2002 to the

1287:

The parliament that had been elected in 1954 was dissolved, and Hussein promised fair elections. The parliamentary election held on

11642: 2476:. The treaty was a culmination of over 58 secret meetings over 31 years between Hussein and Israeli leaders. The treaty recognized 2262:

on 2 August 1990 led six months later to international intervention to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in what became known as the

7588: 7583: 2741: 1047:

foreign leaders, as Abdullah understood English but could not speak it. On 20 July 1951, 15-year-old Prince Hussein travelled to

706: 1826: 1238:

as the commander of the Arab Legion and replaced all the senior British officers with Jordanians, thereby renaming it into the "

11667: 2452:

system. The latter system was introduced to limit the Islamist opposition's representation in the House of Representatives, by

2416:

Hussein could not participate in the details of the talks, a task he handed to his brother Hassan. Hussein was referred to the

10120: 2095: 11587: 11557: 10821: 10623: 10554: 10511: 7801: 2892:

in honor of the late King, the center is a leading medical facility in the region, treating around 4,000 patients each year.

1874: 1657: 1150: 834: 1640: 1077:. Talal appointed his son Hussein as crown prince on 9 September 1951. After a reign lasting less than thirteen months, the 1060:

assassin. Hussein was also shot, but the bullet was deflected by a medal on his uniform that his grandfather had given him.

751:. Hussein began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. After Talal became king in 1951, Hussein was named 8328: 3494: 2211: 1563: 9690: 9544: 2235:

were held on 8 November 1989, the first in 22 years. The National Charter was drafted and ratified by parliament in 1991.

1587:

after three Israeli soldiers were killed by a Fatah landmine. The assault inflicted heavy Arab casualties. Israeli writer

996:). Hussein's maternal grandmother, Widjan Hanim, was the daughter of Shakir Pasha who was the Ottoman governor of Cyprus. 11293: 8602: 2574:

Four days later, on 13 March, a Jordanian soldier patrolling the borders between Jordan and Israel in the north near the

2063:

regimes of Iraq and Syria in April 1986. The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in

1372:(UAR) on 1 February 1958, with the Republic's presidency occupied by Nasser. As a counterweight, Hussein and his cousin, 1257: 9118: 2480:, which angered Arafat who had sought such a position. Jordan's relations with the United States greatly improved: $ 700 1807:, the fedayeen disregarded local laws and regulations, and even attempted to assassinate King Hussein twice, leading to 11592: 11552: 10602: 10578: 9411: 9069: 8794: 8669: 8642: 8579: 2698:

In October 1998, Bill Clinton invited Hussein, during his stay at the clinic for chemotherapy treatment, to attend the

2142: 1106: 9884:"U.N. Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty King Hussein Ibn Talal of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. 8 February 1999" 2844: 814:

was recognized internationally as the sole representative of the Palestinians. He lifted martial law and reintroduced

10534: 10436: 9741: 9646: 9159: 9093: 8411: 3036: 2979: 2367: 1866: 1754: 1533: 1292: 811: 114: 11113: 2377:

Hussein was tasked by the United States with forming a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation to participate in the

1295:

emerge as the largest party, winning 12 seats out of 40 in the House of Representatives. Hussein subsequently asked

11597: 11542: 10814: 10095: 6815: 3860: 3169: 2683: 1521: 1225:

ground with Egypt in their suspicions of the Hashemites, both in Jordan and in Iraq. The Saudis massed troops near

1178:. The incident led to protests, and in 1954 Hussein dismissed Mulki amid the unrest and appointed staunch royalist 1114: 933: 870: 10335: 1726:

from Syria. Nasser and Hussein, recognizing their defeat, sought to work together towards a more moderate stance.

11082: 10929: 10894: 7723: 7506: 3079: 2650: 2437: 2232: 2223: 2056: 1730: 1525: 1288: 1183: 819: 779: 35: 1672:. The Egyptian army commander in Cairo transmitted to General Riad that the Israeli strike had failed, and that 3186: 3112:. Currently Deputy Supreme Commander of the Jordanian Armed Forces. Married first to Alia Tabbaa (now known as 2496: 2469: 2314: 925:, an indication of how poor his family was then – they could not afford heating in their house. 827: 31: 11572: 11204: 10733: 3738: 2525: 2503:

Jordan's signing of a peace treaty with Israel, and other issues, were met with disdain by Syria's president

2420:

in the United States after having urological problems; he had his left kidney removed after tests showed his

1300: 1251: 1220:

in the 1950s, and the proposal to join the pact triggered large riots in the country. Curfews imposed by the

775: 10761: 9764: 8603:"GUERRILLAS BACK AT JORDAN CAMP; Attack by Israelis Failed to Destroy Base at Karameh or Wipe Out Commandos" 2900: 1517: 1501: 1487: 1260:

was signed in September 1955, and his popularity in Jordan skyrocketed following the nationalization of the

6649: 3756: 3266: 3087: 2675: 2646: 2363: 1851: 1812: 1780: 1690: 1205:

tensions. Britain, Turkey, and Iraq were members of the pact, and Jordan was pressured by Britain to join.

1012: 909:.Hussein was the eldest among his siblings, three brothers and two sisters – Princess Asma, 502: 17: 10170: 3185:(born in 1974). President of the Fédération Équestre Internationale 2008–2014. Formerly married to Sheikh 2598:

Clashes between Israeli forces and Palestinian groups in Gaza and the West Bank surfaced. Hussein's wife,

11567: 11208: 11145: 9061:

Institutions and the Politics of Survival in Jordan: Domestic Responses to External Challenges, 1988–2001

3135: 3083: 2939: 2745: 2637:

Mounting opposition in Jordan to the peace treaty with Israel led Hussein to put greater restrictions on

2445: 2177: 1992: 1714:

ascended to heaven. By 11 June Israel had decisively won the war by capturing the West Bank from Jordan,

1686: 1491:

Smoke rising out of the Jordanian Prime Ministry building after the explosion that killed Prime Minister

461: 10904: 10796: 10271: 2397:. Subsequent peace talks continued in Washington, D.C., stretching from December 1991 to September 1993. 999: 11582: 11502: 11497: 11434: 11410: 11185: 11087: 10922: 3260: 3240: 3182: 3149: 3129: 3091: 3042: 2889: 1320: 841:. The country had few natural resources, and a large Palestinian refugee population as a result of the 497: 471: 466: 446: 2366: – Jordan's main opposition group, who at that time occupied 22 out of 80 seats in the 790:

and banning political parties. Jordan fought three wars with Israel under Hussein, including the 1967

11492: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11036: 11005: 10975: 10945: 10869: 9793: 7415: 7315: 7292: 7163: 7140: 6996: 6973: 6948: 6810: 3400: 3319:

Hussein was also an avid fan of motorcycles. The cover of the paperback version of Queen Noor's book

3250: 3125: 3117: 3109: 3097: 3059: 2972: 2378: 2137: 1529: 1477: 1313: 1146: 1043: 918: 910: 846: 842: 744: 648: 492: 456: 2542: 2055:

million in 1989. Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking

1779:", meaning self-sacrificers, moved their bases to Jordan and stepped up their attacks on Israel and 11537: 11532: 11487: 11066: 10726: 7338: 7186: 5497: 3487: 3396: 3311:

Hussein was a trained pilot, flying both airplanes and helicopters as a hobby. In a 1999 interview

3284: 3054: 2609:

agents entered Jordan using fake Canadian passports and attempted to assassinate Jordanian citizen

2579: 2537: 2255: 2251: 666: 10404: 7847: 1819:

On 17 September the Jordanian army surrounded cities that had a PLO presence, including Amman and

11547: 11169: 11010: 10879: 10749: 10700: 7578: 7022: 3232: 2712: 2293: 2167:

lost a third of its value in 1988, and Jordan's foreign debt reached a figure double that of its

2154: 2077: 1962: 1583:, an attack launched by Israel on 13 November 1966 on the Jordanian-controlled West Bank town of 993: 977: 914: 823: 252: 11263: 10272:"Defendant May Be Son of Hussein, Lawyer Says : Accused of Murdering Actress Mother in '86" 2963: 2703:

ovation at the ceremony and praise from Clinton for interrupting his treatment and coming over.

11662: 11092: 11041: 10837: 7513: 3196: 3143: 3121: 2999:(1929–2019), on 19 April 1955. She was an Egyptian-born third cousin of King Hussein's father, 2732: 2485: 2457: 2408:

during the Washington declaration that ended the "state of belligerency" as American President

2168: 1456: 1239: 1090: 771: 718: 691: 476: 287: 10615:

Abdullah Al-Tall, Arab Legion Officer: Arab Nationalism and Opposition to the Hashemite Regime

10613: 9636: 8569: 7647: 2214:, resulting in six protesters killed and 42 injured, and two policemen killed and 47 injured. 11444: 11283: 11253: 11031: 11015: 10884: 10874: 10786: 10710: 10544: 9731: 9519: 9403: 9059: 8784: 8659: 7420: 3236: 3172:

is named after her. She was the daughter of Jordan's first ambassador to the United Nations,

3075: 3071: 2996: 2968: 2626: 2441: 2390: 2297: 2254:(ACC), which also included Egypt and Yemen, on 16 February 1989, serving as a counter to the 2125: 2022: 1924: 1597: 330: 7768: 3160:, Queen Alia Al-Hussein (1948–1977), on 24 December 1972. She died in a helicopter crash in 11512: 11507: 10955: 10771: 6978: 5842: 5323: 3552: 3383: 3366: 3362: 3329:

motorcycle. The King was also a fan of race-car driving, water sports, skiing, and tennis.

3214: 3113: 3008: 2984: 2826: 2817: 2699: 2687: 2599: 2461: 2386: 2328: 1804: 1776: 1698: 1369: 1256:

Egyptian President Nasser received an outpouring of support from the Arab public after the

1163: 1078: 1039: 1004: 799: 756: 636: 624: 247: 11339: 10314: 9824: 7825: 2727: 881: 8: 10297:"New CIA documents show Jordan's King Hussein had lovechild with American Jewish actress" 10248: 10222:"International sports community pays tribute to FEI Honorary President HRH Princess Haya" 10204:"Abdullah II | Biography, Education, Family, History, & Facts | Britannica" 6184: 5584: 3480: 3200: 2934: 2873: 2862: 2776: 2426: 2219: 1846:

Jordan allowed the fedayeen to leave for Lebanon through Syria, an event that led to the

1576: 1554: 1537: 1309: 1167: 815: 192: 9910:"DEATH OF A KING: THE AMERICANS; Clinton Lauds King Hussein As Man of Vision and Spirit" 9733:

The Encyclopedia of the Arab–Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History

3068:

Princess Muna al-Hussein, retaining this title after they divorced on 21 December 1972.

1459:

after he spoke openly against Soviet influence in the Middle East, returning with a $ 50

11315: 10889: 4025: 3948: 3228: 3101: 3024: 3012: 2882: 2618: 2508: 2371: 2259: 1967: 1847: 1772: 1669: 1559: 1437: 1426: 1422: 1409: 1198: 1179: 1159: 965: 740: 487: 197: 182: 137: 11653:

Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria

8424: 1697:

By 7 June fighting led the Jordanians to withdraw from the West Bank, and Jerusalem's

1575:

started organizing cross-border attacks against Israel in January 1965, often drawing

1392: 11234: 11175: 11143: 10619: 10598: 10574: 10550: 10530: 10523: 10507: 10432: 10178: 9737: 9642: 9407: 9396: 9155: 9065: 8790: 8665: 8638: 8575: 7797: 5756: 3217:(born in 1951), renamed Queen Noor Al-Hussein on her conversion to Islam, married in 3139: 3032: 2838: 2638: 2449: 2284: 2267: 2160: 2059:

for assistance. Hussein made a little-known attempt to heal the rift between the two

1975: 1795: 1764: 1746: 1673: 1397: 1373: 1347: 1118: 1024: 866: 854: 430: 222: 167: 11658:

Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

10241:"HRH Princess Haya Biog – The Official Website of HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein" 1011:

The young prince started his elementary education in Amman. He was then educated at

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spread in southern Jordan. In 1994 he became the second Arab head of state to sign

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Hussein's support for Netanyahu soon backfired. Israel's actions during the 1996

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In a speech to the Jordanian parliament on 15 March 1972, Hussein announced his "

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King Hussein and Queen Dina at their wedding on 19 April 1955 at Raghadan Palace

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Man in the Shadows: Inside the Middle East Crisis with a Man Who Led the Mossad

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reported that around 4,000 people gathered in the streets and clashed with the

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arrived in Jordan to command its army pursuant to the pact signed with Egypt.

11608:

Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

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in Southern Lebanon, the Likud government's decision to build settlements in

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the West Bank development plan. Two days later a royal decree dissolved the

56: 11422: 11375: 11357: 10564: 10422: 10238: 7853: 6953: 5410: 3283:. In 1986, Timothy killed his mother. Timothy served a prison sentence for 3263:(born in 1983). Married to Zaid Azmi Mirza, together they have a son, Omar. 2929: 2834: 2691: 2631: 2583: 2567: 2489: 2430: 2409: 2355: 2107:

On 9 December 1987 an Israeli truck driver ran over four Palestinians in a

2039: 2015: 2004: 1974:. When Saddam became president of Iraq in 1979, Hussein supported Saddam's 1839: 1619: 1481: 1430: 1190: 1141:

The teenaged king inherited the throne not only of Jordan, but also of the

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A three-man regency council made up of the prime minister and heads of the

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In the Name of Oil: Anglo-American Relations in the Middle East, 1950–1958

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Nightline: Hussein of Jordan, ABC Evening News for Friday, 5 February 1999

10015: 1710:. Al-Aqsa mosque is the third holiest site in Islam, believed to be where 1312:. The King had requested Nabulsi, as prime minister, to crack down on the 833:

At the time of Hussein's accession in 1953, Jordan was a young nation and

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in Amman on 8 February 1999 as royal motorcade transported King's coffin.

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Hussein after checking an abandoned Israeli tank in the aftermath of the

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welcome – his popularity in Jordan skyrocketed overnight.

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in July 1956; his actions were seen as a powerful stance against Western

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Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks

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level just skimming along on the ground. That really aged me rapidly."

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Hashemite custodianship of Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem

1588: 1449: 1261: 1217: 1174:; it resulted in the death of 66 civilians in the West Bank village of 1016: 710: 207: 187: 10648: 1958:

Israel preferred to retain control but with Jordanian administration.

1089:. In his brief reign, Talal had introduced a modern, somewhat liberal 1042:, the founder of modern Jordan, did not see in his two sons Talal and 10671: 7320: 3296: 3105: 3004: 2172: 2060: 1933: 1855: 1835: 1800: 1759: 1677: 1653: 1509: 1210: 1206: 1142: 1048: 969: 922: 858: 838: 795: 535: 177: 11428: 11182:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

10914: 7699:"Death of a King; Cautious King Took Risks in Straddling Two Worlds" 2667: 1999:, the latter conflict troubled Hussein as the IDF had laid siege to 3853: 3301: 2909: 2848:

Hussein inaugurating a police station in Amman with Prime Minister

2761: 2263: 2244: 2197: 2193: 2180:(IMF). The IMF agreement was to enable Jordan to reschedule its $ 6 1949: 1711: 1612:

Hussein recounting his secret meetings with Israeli representatives

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was a Western attempt to form a Middle Eastern alliance to counter

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Jordan's disengagement from the West Bank led to a slowing of the

1342:

opposition to the Jordanian monarchy. Hussein reacted by imposing

10363:"Crown Prince announces launch of first Jordanian mini satellite" 3967: 3305: 3221:

on 15 June 1978. An Arab-American of Syrian descent, daughter of

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Hussein's office in the royal palace. Hussein was not there, the

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the country, unlike the military and foreign relations aspects.

1404:, 1957. In February 1958, the two Hashemite Kingdoms formed the 845:. Hussein led his country through four turbulent decades of the 11345: 11327: 10652: 9765:"Hussein's cancer relapse prompts 10 more days of chemotherapy" 3391: 3374: 3357: 3349: 3203:. They have two children, Princess Jalilah and Prince Abdullah. 3173: 3165: 3046: 3020: 2905: 2753: 2606: 2521: 2421: 2201: 2000: 1929: 1434: 1194: 1117:. He was enthroned on 2 May 1953, the same day that his cousin 1085:

due to his mental state – doctors had diagnosed

1032: 992:, are the second-oldest-ruling dynasty in the world (after the 985: 721: 714: 604: 2393:. Hussein then replaced Al-Masri with his conservative cousin 1794:

The perceived joint Jordanian-Palestinian victory in the 1968

1324:

Hussein receiving a warm welcome from his troops, 1 March 1957

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Mohammed Al-Saleh; they have two sons, Talal and Abdul-Hamid.

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during King Hussein's return to Jordan. He died 3 days later.

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since 1921. The Hashemites, the oldest ruling dynasty in the

973: 898: 736: 725: 283: 10121:"Expansion of KHCC to put centre on regional map – director" 9974: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9691:"King to address Jordanians tonight ahead of Tuesday return" 9670:"Analyzing King Abdullah's Change in the Line of Succession" 9611: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9287: 9285: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9228: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9179: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8815: 8813: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8446: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 2222:

be resumed. The last parliamentary election had taken place

1536:(PLO) were established, and where Jordan agreed to join the 1433:. Devastated, Hussein ordered a Jordanian expedition led by 11369: 9579:"King Hussein Returns to U.S. With Possible Cancer Relapse" 9520:"With condolence visit to Israel, King Hussein spurs talks" 8984:"Jordan Drops $ 1.3 Billion Plan For West Bank Development" 2019: 1007:

after the independence of Jordan was declared, 25 May 1946.

11393: 7878: 7876: 7874: 3193:. They have two children: Sheikha Jalila and Sheikh Zayed. 2362:, who was in favor of peace negotiations with Israel, the 1809:

violent confrontations between them and the Jordanian army

1353: 1279:, the army chief of staff, who in 1957 was involved in an 11613:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order

10594:

Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace

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In May 1998 Hussein, a heavy smoker, was admitted to the

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that had existed between the West Bank and Jordan during

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that lasted until Faisal was deposed in a bloody coup on

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and the Cold War, successfully balancing pressures from

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2020: Spanish health workers on the front line against

7871: 3074:(born in 1962). The current King of Jordan. Married to 2528:

witnessed Netanyahu's ascension to the prime ministry.

1027:, who was also studying there. Faisal was then King of 30:"King Hussein" redirects here. Not to be confused with 9859:"Jordan's Hussein Laid to Rest as World Leaders Mourn" 9685: 9683: 8102: 8090: 8041: 8039: 3209:, (born in 1972, adopted by Hussein and Alia in 1976). 2341:

billion out of a gross domestic product (GDP) of $ 4.2

1299:, leader of the Party, to form a government, the only 11628:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

11563:

Royal Air Force officers holding honorary commissions

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King Hussein I bin Talal I held the following ranks:

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has stated that the assassination of his grandfather

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Extraordinary Grades of the Order of Merit (Lebanon)

8631:

Spencer C. Tucker; Priscilla Roberts (12 May 2005).

7987: 7975: 3199:(born in 1975). Married to Rym Brahimi now known as 1771:

After Jordan lost control of the West Bank in 1967,

1201:'s Egypt. Jordan then found itself in the middle of 774:, started his rule by allowing the formation of the 696: 10094:. Petra News Agency. 1 January 2010. Archived from 9730:Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscilla (12 May 2008). 9680: 8036: 3035:commando who became a high-ranking official in the 2938:reported that King Hussein received funds from the 2484:million worth of Jordan's debt was forgiven by the 1985: 1245: 1121:assumed his constitutional powers as king of Iraq. 1113:). Meanwhile, Hussein pursued further study at the 10522: 9395: 8051: 7742: 1023:in England, where he befriended his second cousin 11648:Recipients of King Hamad Order of the Renaissance 11518:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 10503:King Hussein and the Challenge of Arab Radicalism 10336:"The Radio Society of Harrow – Dedication to JY1" 10239:The Office of HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein. 9693:. Jordan embassy. 16 January 1999. Archived from 8425:"1967 war: Six days that changed the Middle East" 7550: 7539: 2674:is escorted on 4 February 1999 by an F-16 of the 2404:Hussein shakes hands with Israeli Prime Minister 1783:. One Israeli retaliation on a PLO camp based in 1003:Hussein (age eleven) seen behind his grandfather 11479: 11288:Association of Academies of the Spanish Language 10525:The Essential Middle East: A Comprehensive Guide 9057: 8406: 8404: 3325:features a photo of the King and Queen riding a 3275:From an affair with the American Jewish actress 2520:, then head of the Israeli intelligence agency ( 2448:voting system was replaced by the controversial 9634: 9146:, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) 8776: 2967:King Hussein and Princess Muna with their sons 2641:. Several dissidents were imprisoned including 2084: 2003:. The PLO was to be expelled from Lebanon, and 1904:for the Middle East peace process, leading the 10390: 10388: 10386: 10384: 9517: 2807:Quote by King Hussein a year before his death. 2495:On 4 November 1995 the Israeli Prime Minister 2322:suspicion. It is the courage to face reality. 2099:Hussein flying an airplane with Brunei Sultan 976:for over 700 years – until its 11678:Recipients of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award 11603:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic 11322:Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul 11215:American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) 11129: 10930: 10822: 10734: 9729: 9393: 8401: 3488: 3269:(born in 1986). Married to Faris Ned Donovan. 2656: 2184:billion debt, and obtain loans totaling $ 275 1073:Abdullah's eldest son, Talal, was proclaimed 747:. Talal was then the heir to his own father, 11618:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John 10421: 9856: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9576: 9148:Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I 3322:Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life 3253:(born in 1981). Married to Princess Fahdah ( 2663:Death and state funeral of Hussein of Jordan 11673:Foreign recipients of the Nishan-e-Pakistan 11221:Association for Peace in the Basque Country 10836: 10381: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9641:. Cambridge University Press. p. 166. 9545:"King Hussein Gives His Foe Ride From Jail" 9091: 9008: 8782: 8711: 8709: 8657: 7796:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 271. 3138:(born in 1968, twin with her sister Zein). 2768:through the streets of the capital city of 2595:years in prison, which he served entirely. 2456:Palestinian majority areas and encouraging 2122:Unified National Leadership of the Uprising 2120:The orchestrators of the Intifada were the 11136: 11122: 10937: 10923: 10829: 10815: 10741: 10727: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10045: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10037: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9624: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7724:"Kingdom remembers Sharif Hussein Bin Ali" 3495: 3481: 2091:Jordanian disengagement from the West Bank 1275:Hussein addressing his troops in 1956, as 893:Hussein was born at Al-Qasr Al-Sagheer at 701:; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was 521:Hussein bin Talal bin Abdullah bin Hussein 55: 11370:Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE) 10954:Generations are numbered by descent from 10411:(Supplement). 15 July 1966. p. 8135. 9812: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9402:. St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 9119:"Hussein Goes on TV And Vows an Election" 7909: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7692: 7690: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7624: 2546:Hussein during a press conference at the 1467: 1109:was appointed until he became 18 (by the 11683:20th-century monarchs in the Middle East 10490:King Hussein of Jordan: A Political Life 10403: 9839: 9638:Narcissism and Politics: Dreams of Glory 9539: 9537: 8706: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7604: 2978: 2962: 2954: 2899: 2867: 2843: 2726: 2666: 2541: 2472:, signed on 26 October in a ceremony in 2399: 2283:Hussein meeting with American president 2278: 2094: 2009: 1923: 1858:in 1971, and the highly publicized 1972 1825: 1758: 1668:began after an Israeli strike wiped out 1639: 1553: 1516:to the governments of Iraq and Syria in 1486: 1416:The Lebanese, pro-Western government of 1391: 1319: 1270: 1128: 998: 880: 853:, successfully balancing pressures from 10611: 10542: 10115: 10113: 10069: 10034: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9621: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9053: 9051: 8717:The Jarring initiative and the response 8321: 8111: 8096: 7589:List of covers of Time magazine (1960s) 7584:List of things named after King Hussein 2531: 2478:Jordan's role in Jerusalem's holy sites 2327:King Hussein during his address to the 2196:spread to other southern towns such as 1354:Arab Federation between Iraq and Jordan 763:a year later due to his illness, and a 399: 1972; died 1977) 14: 11480: 11394:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord 10587: 10563: 10269: 10157: 10145: 10002: 9615: 9563: 9475: 9381: 9356: 9319: 9260: 9248: 9201: 9170: 9094:"Jordan's Revolt Is Against Austerity" 9049: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9031: 8970: 8931: 8910: 8861: 8840: 8819: 8770: 8749: 8727:1–2, 1947–1974. Retrieved 9 June 2005. 8700: 8574:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 407. 8567: 8555: 8510: 8491: 8464: 8395: 8374: 8362: 8329:"1970: Civil war breaks out in Jordan" 8306: 8275: 8238: 8226: 8203: 8191: 8154: 8142: 8084: 8069: 8030: 7993: 7981: 7888: 7882: 7789: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7748: 7696: 7687: 3007:family like Hussein and a graduate of 2950: 2029:(from left to right), 31 December 1977 1035:since he was the same age as Hussein. 794:, which ended in Jordan's loss of the 11633:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 11392: 11157: 11117: 10944: 10918: 10810: 10722: 9534: 8783:Kumaraswamy, P.R. (11 January 2013). 8412:Egypt and Jordan unite against Israel 7818:"Profile: King Abdullah II of Jordan" 7601: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7336: 7334: 7313: 7311: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7184: 7182: 7161: 7159: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7020: 7018: 6994: 6992: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6940: 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3717: 3715: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 1877:(1950–1967), this plan envisaged two 1579:on Jordan. One such reprisal was the 11227:National Movement of Street Children 11159:Prince of Asturias Award for Concord 11146:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award 10520: 10499: 10110: 9779: 9718: 9635:Jerrold M. Post (24 November 2014). 9078: 8664:. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. p. 200. 8057: 8045: 7648:"Biography – King Hussein bin Talal" 2436:The parliamentary elections held on 2308: 1875:Jordan's annexation of the West Bank 1558:King Hussein and Egyptian president 901:on 14 November 1935 to Crown Prince 802:from Jordan in what became known as 11623:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 11523:Victoria College, Alexandria alumni 11405:Hospitaller Order of St John of God 11294:World Network of Biosphere Reserves 10748: 10301:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 9028: 7754: 2550:with American secretary of Defense 1230:asserted Jordanian independence by 932:of his paternal great-grandfather, 810:to the West Bank in 1988 after the 686: 24: 10270:Barker, Mayerene (13 April 1989). 10092:"King Hussein Bin Talal 1935–1999" 7697:Miller, Judith (8 February 1999). 3459:Honorary Air Chief Marshal of the 3027:Asad Sulayman Abd al-Qadir, alias 1740: 1328:On 13 April, rioting broke in the 885:Hussein (age six) and his mother, 778:government in Jordan's history in 436: 25: 11694: 10633: 10529:, Carroll & Graf Publishers, 9137: 7959:. 8 February 1999. Archived from 3332: 3231:(born in 1980). Married first to 3037:Palestine Liberation Organization 1885: 1534:Palestine Liberation Organization 1301:democratically elected government 812:Palestine Liberation Organization 34:. For Jordan's crown prince, see 11578:Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma 11528:People educated at Harrow School 11364:Spanish Federation of Food Banks 10984: 10903: 10848: 10795: 10760: 10452: 10415: 10397: 10355: 10328: 10307: 9857:Douglas Jehl (9 February 1999). 9715:Mideastnews.com; 8 February 1999 9577:Douglas Jehl (27 January 1999). 9518:Jerrold Kessel (16 March 1997). 8990:. Associated Press. 29 July 1988 7824:. 1 January 2017. Archived from 7414: 7314: 7291: 7162: 7139: 6995: 6972: 6947: 6809: 3453: 3439: 3423: 3409: 3390: 3373: 3356: 3342: 3170:Queen Alia International Airport 2945: 2709:General Intelligence Directorate 2613:, head of the Palestinian group 2580:killed seven Israeli schoolgirls 2014:Hussein with American president 1986:Involvement in peace initiatives 1838:(right) and Army Chief of Staff 1543: 1425:, the opportunity to strike. On 1145:, captured by Jordan during the 1115:Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 984: – and has ruled 968:, since Hussein belonged to the 641: 629: 617: 597: 575: 373: 346: 27:King of Jordan from 1952 to 1999 11643:Grand Crosses of Military Merit 10482: 10289: 10263: 10232: 10214: 10196: 10163: 10008: 9928: 9902: 9876: 9757: 9709: 9662: 9511: 9481: 9387: 9111: 9002: 8976: 8651: 8624: 8595: 8561: 8417: 8312: 1731:United Nations Security Council 1258:Egyptian–Czechoslovak arms deal 416: 396: 369: 342: 36:Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan 10658:Remembering King Hussein video 8637:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 569–573. 7840: 7810: 7783: 7716: 7662: 3429:Honorary Field Marshal of the 3308:, which was launched in 2018. 3187:Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum 2852:to his right, 24 December 1956 2497:Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated 1755:King Hussein's federation plan 1629: 1364:The 1950s became known as the 1170:by Israel became known as the 1124: 786:a few months later, declaring 32:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 13: 1: 11668:20th-century Jordanian people 9092:Alan Cowell (21 April 1989). 9009:John Kifner (1 August 1988). 8786:Revisiting the Yom Kippur War 7594: 2997:Sharifa Dina bint Abdul-Hamid 2625:team headed by Hussein's son 2349:billion out of a GDP of $ 4.7 2192:months. On 18 April riots in 2148: 1940:Egypt and Syria launched the 1928:Hussein addressing crowds in 1900:was appointed by the UN as a 876: 713:dynasty, the royal family of 11588:Deaths from cancer in Jordan 11558:Royal Air Force air marshals 10570:The Modern History of Jordan 10543:Pearson, Ivan L. G. (2010). 10428:The Modern History of Jordan 8658:Muki Betser (22 June 2011). 3295:Hussein was an enthusiastic 3290: 3267:Princess Raiyah bint Hussein 3116:). They have four children: 2895: 2676:Minnesota Air National Guard 2651:1997 parliamentary elections 2412:observes, 13 September 1994. 2085:Disengagement from West Bank 1852:Black September Organization 1830:Hussein in a meeting during 1781:Israeli occupied territories 1522:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1232:Arabizing the army's command 1184:held parliamentary elections 1068: 871:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 798:. In 1970, Hussein expelled 709:in 1999. As a member of the 437:Details and adopted children 7: 11262:1998: Nicolás Castellanos, 10506:. Oxford University Press. 9551:. Reuters. 10 November 1996 8723:, Selected Documents, vols. 8414:. Retrieved 8 October 2005. 7849:Jordan remembers Queen Zein 7562: 7533: 3469: 3136:Princess Aisha bint Hussein 3078:. They have four children: 2983:Hussein preparing to fly a 2764:, was taken on a 90-minute 2746:King Hussein Medical Center 2605:On 27 September 1997 eight 2446:proportional representation 2358:, with liberal Palestinian 2331:in Amman on 12 October 1991 2238: 2178:International Monetary Fund 2033:In 1983 American president 1566:in Egypt, 11 September 1964 1335:perceived as a coup attempt 948:. Hussein claimed to be an 776:only democratically elected 697: 10: 11699: 11186:World Wide Fund for Nature 9794:"Jordan's King Flies Home" 9064:. SUNY Press. p. 25. 8721:Israel's Foreign Relations 7650:. jewishvirtuallibrary.org 7551:Hussein of Jordan (1969). 7540:Hussein of Jordan (1962). 3261:Princess Iman bint Hussein 3241:Princess Basmah Bani Ahmad 3183:Princess Haya bint Hussein 3150:Princess Zein bint Hussein 3043:Princess Alia bint Hussein 3003:. She was a member of the 2890:King Hussein Cancer Center 2660: 2657:Illness, death and funeral 2535: 2470:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 2345:billion in 1990, and $ 3.6 2315:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 2312: 2242: 2152: 2088: 1889: 1862:against Israeli athletes. 1744: 1633: 1547: 1357: 1252:Suleiman Nabulsi's cabinet 1249: 940:), the leader of the 1916 717:since 1921, Hussein was a 705:from 11 August 1952 until 29: 11593:Jordanian anti-communists 11553:Marshals of the air force 11399: 11388: 11164: 11153: 11101: 11075: 11024: 10993: 10982: 10963: 10952: 10901: 10855: 10846: 10793: 10767: 10758: 10707: 10698: 10690: 10685: 10665: 10618:. Sussex Academic Press. 10549:. Sussex Academic Press. 10492:(Yale University Press); 10171:"Milestones, may 2, 1955" 10016:"From the desert he rose" 9058:Russell E. Lucas (2012). 8789:. Routledge. p. 14. 8568:Dishon (1 October 1973). 7470: 7468: 7379: 7377: 7256: 7254: 7246: 7244: 7236: 7234: 7094: 7092: 7084: 7082: 7074: 7072: 7062: 7060: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6888: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6774: 6772: 6699: 6697: 6613: 6611: 6536: 6534: 6459: 6457: 6384: 6382: 6309: 6307: 6234: 6232: 6148: 6146: 6064: 6062: 5976: 5974: 5892: 5890: 5806: 5804: 5720: 5718: 5634: 5632: 5547: 5545: 5461: 5459: 5373: 5371: 5287: 5285: 5212: 5210: 5126: 5124: 5051: 5049: 4976: 4974: 4899: 4897: 4824: 4822: 4749: 4747: 4674: 4672: 4599: 4597: 4524: 4522: 4449: 4447: 4374: 4372: 4299: 4297: 4222: 4220: 4147: 4145: 4068: 4066: 3984: 3982: 3976: 3974: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3913: 3911: 3895: 3893: 3837: 3835: 3807: 3805: 3789: 3787: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3598: 3596: 3401:Royal Jordanian Air Force 3251:Prince Hashim bin Hussein 3110:Royal Jordanian Air Force 3098:Prince Faisal bin Hussein 2872:Hussein inaugurating the 2790: 2171:(GNP). Jordan introduced 1842:(left), 17 September 1970 1813:Dawson's Field hijackings 1530:Palestine Liberation Army 1478:Royal Jordanian Air Force 1019:, Egypt. He proceeded to 672: 662: 654: 649:Royal Jordanian Air Force 610: 592: 587: 583: 571: 561: 551: 541: 529: 520: 515: 511: 429: 321: 307: 293: 270: 266: 112: 102: 92: 84: 73: 66: 54: 45: 11205:Médecins Sans Frontières 9736:. ABC-CLIO. p. 25. 9125:. Reuters. 27 April 1989 7953:"King Hussein of Jordan" 3397:Marshal of the Air Force 3285:involuntary manslaughter 2987:aircraft, 1 January 1955 2795: 2566:, and the events at the 2538:Island of Peace massacre 2368:House of Representatives 2256:Gulf Cooperation Council 2252:Arab Cooperation Council 2143:House of Representatives 2071:On 11 April 1987, after 1729:On 22 November 1967 the 1644:Hussein flying over the 1396:Hussein with his cousin 1293:National Socialist Party 1107:House of Representatives 1063: 972:family, which had ruled 11598:Crown princes of Jordan 11543:Jordanian Sunni Muslims 11411:SOS Children's Villages 11170:Vicariate of Solidarity 10839:Crown Princes of Jordan 10612:Yitzhak, Ronen (2012). 10338:. G3EFX. Archived from 10051:"King Hussein's legacy" 9674:washingtoninstitute.org 8620:(subscription required) 8571:Middle East Record 1968 7790:Corboz, Elvire (2015). 7579:List of kings of Jordan 3233:Princess Noor bint Asem 3011:and former lecturer in 2731:Mourners line up along 2379:Madrid Peace Conference 2233:Parliamentary elections 2220:parliamentary elections 2155:1989 Jordanian protests 1963:1974 Arab League summit 1689:station chief in Amman 1564:1964 Arab League Summit 1526:1964 Arab League summit 1038:Hussein's grandfather, 994:Imperial House of Japan 808:renounced Jordan's ties 739:as the eldest child of 253:Abdul Karim Al-Kabariti 10488:Ashton, Nigel (2008). 9827:. BBC. 7 February 1999 9767:. CNN. 28 January 1999 9394:Efraim Halevy (2007). 7771:. CNN. 7 February 1999 7769:"King Hussein is dead" 7674:www.kinghussein.gov.jo 7514:Crown Prince of Jordan 3197:Prince Ali bin Hussein 3144:Jordanian Armed Forces 2988: 2976: 2960: 2917: 2877: 2853: 2804: 2752:Hussein's flag-draped 2742:bone marrow transplant 2736: 2721: 2679: 2555: 2486:United States Congress 2413: 2324: 2288: 2169:gross national product 2132:, army chief of staff 2126:Jordanian nationalists 2104: 2030: 1937: 1912:to Egyptian president 1843: 1803:monarchy. Acting as a 1768: 1661: 1609: 1567: 1496: 1468:Assassination attempts 1413: 1325: 1284: 1246:"A liberal experiment" 1138: 1133:King Hussein in royal 1008: 890: 824:riots over price hikes 772:constitutional monarch 77:11 August 1952 – 11445:World Central Kitchen 11284:Royal Spanish Academy 11254:Mstislav Rostropovich 9936:"King Hussein quotes" 7546:. B. Geis Associates. 3237:Prince Asem bin Nayef 3158:Alia Bahauddin Toukan 2982: 2966: 2958: 2903: 2871: 2847: 2812:Hussein's biographer 2800: 2730: 2717: 2670: 2545: 2442:multi-party elections 2403: 2391:vote of no confidence 2319: 2282: 2098: 2023:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 2013: 1927: 1829: 1762: 1733:unanimously approved 1643: 1604: 1598:Israel Defense Forces 1557: 1490: 1395: 1323: 1274: 1147:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1132: 1081:forced King Talal to 1002: 917:, Prince Muhsin, and 884: 847:Arab–Israeli conflict 843:1948 Arab–Israeli War 655:Years of service 331:Dina bint Abdul-Hamid 11573:Amateur radio people 11083:Crown Prince Hussein 10895:Hussein bin Abdullah 10521:Hiro, Dilip (2003), 10500:Dann, Uriel (1989). 10425:(15 December 1998). 9886:. UN. Archived from 7543:Uneasy Lies the Head 6496:Auon, Ra'i Al-Hadala 3558:(eponymous ancestor) 3384:Royal Jordanian Army 3367:Royal Jordanian Navy 3363:Admiral of the Fleet 3235:, third daughter of 3168:, in 1977. Jordan's 3114:Princess Alia Tabbaa 3080:Crown Prince Hussein 3009:Cambridge University 2985:de Havilland Vampire 2904:Hussein dancing the 2863:benign authoritarian 2827:Arab-Israel conflict 2700:Wye Plantation talks 2688:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2532:Tensions with Israel 2444:since 1956, but the 2387:Islamic Action Front 2329:Jordanian Parliament 2305:forces from Kuwait. 1896:After the 1967 war, 1834:with Prime Minister 1805:state within a state 1722:from Egypt, and the 1528:in Cairo, where the 1370:United Arab Republic 1281:alleged coup attempt 1216:ideology) swept the 800:Palestinian fighters 757:Jordanian Parliament 735:Hussein was born in 637:Royal Jordanian Navy 625:Royal Jordanian Army 372: 1961; 345: 1955; 248:Abdelsalam Al-Majali 61:King Hussein in 1997 11231:Messengers of Peace 10228:. 19 December 2014. 9825:"King Hussein dies" 7963:on 11 February 2010 7828:on 18 December 2016 7670:"The Royal Palaces" 3433:– 21 February 1955. 3201:Princess Rym al-Ali 3055:Toni Avril Gardiner 2951:Marriages and issue 2935:The Washington Post 2777:UN General Assembly 2300:was in charge of a 1995:, and the other in 1869:" plan. Unlike the 1867:United Arab Kingdom 1775:fighters known as " 1664:On 5 June 1967 the 1538:United Arab Command 1310:Eisenhower Doctrine 1240:Jordan Armed Forces 698:Al-Ḥusayn bin Ṭalāl 193:Abdelmunim Al-Rifai 11568:Jordanian aviators 11427:2019: The City of 11344:2009: The City of 11268:Joaquín Sanz Gadea 11105:House of Hashemite 10667:Hussein of Jordan 10409:The London Gazette 10315:"In Memory of JY1" 10208:www.britannica.com 10022:. 22 November 2007 10005:, p. 609–616. 9914:The New York Times 9863:The New York Times 9618:, p. 582–608. 9583:The New York Times 9549:The New York Times 9493:The New York Times 9478:, p. 560–581. 9384:, p. 547–560. 9359:, p. 532–546. 9322:, p. 507–531. 9251:, p. 478–506. 9204:, p. 468–506. 9123:The New York Times 9098:The New York Times 9015:The New York Times 8988:The New York Times 8973:, p. 453–467. 8934:, p. 440–452. 8913:, p. 425–438. 8843:, p. 405–411. 8822:, p. 363–382. 8773:, p. 363–384. 8752:, p. 358–360. 8703:, p. 251–252. 8607:The New York Times 8558:, p. 311–340. 8513:, p. 272–274. 8494:, p. 243–255. 8467:, p. 241–245. 8398:, p. 226–240. 8365:, p. 223–224. 8309:, p. 185–218. 8278:, p. 176–184. 8194:, p. 159–196. 8145:, p. 153–159. 8033:, p. 106–128. 7703:The New York Times 7554:My War with Israel 4106:Hasan Al-Mu'thanna 3287:and died in 2003. 3229:Hamzah bin Hussein 3215:Lisa Najeeb Halaby 3177:Baha ud-din Toukan 3102:Lieutenant-General 3066:Her Royal Highness 3060:Lawrence of Arabia 3013:English literature 2989: 2977: 2961: 2918: 2883:standard of living 2878: 2854: 2758:honor guard troops 2737: 2680: 2623:special operations 2619:Geneva Conventions 2556: 2511:of the right-wing 2509:Benjamin Netanyahu 2414: 2372:vote of confidence 2364:Muslim Brotherhood 2289: 2260:invasion of Kuwait 2105: 2031: 1968:Camp David Accords 1938: 1932:through his car's 1848:Lebanese Civil War 1844: 1769: 1674:Israel's Air Force 1662: 1568: 1560:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1497: 1495:on 29 August 1960. 1423:Abd al-Karim Qasim 1414: 1380:, established the 1326: 1285: 1199:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1180:Tawfik Abu Al-Huda 1168:reprisal operation 1139: 1009: 891: 741:Talal bin Abdullah 198:Mohammad Al-Abbasi 183:Hussein ibn Nasser 138:Tawfik Abu Al-Huda 11583:People from Amman 11503:Hussein of Jordan 11498:Princes of Jordan 11475: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11384: 11383: 11340:Íngrid Betancourt 11235:Save the Children 11176:Villa El Salvador 11144:Laureates of the 11111: 11110: 10946:Jordanian princes 10912: 10911: 10865:Hussein bin Talal 10804: 10803: 10717: 10716: 10708:Succeeded by 10625:978-1-84519-408-6 10597:. Vintage Books. 10556:978-1-84519-388-1 10513:978-0-19-536121-6 10369:. 3 December 2018 10276:Los Angeles Times 10251:on 9 January 2015 10057:. 28 January 1999 9916:. 9 February 1999 9800:. 5 February 1999 9697:on 31 August 2006 8410:BBC on this Day, 7885:, pp. 44–45. 7803:978-0-7486-9144-9 7528: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7194:pretender to Iraq 7030:pretender to Iraq 3140:Brigadier-General 2912:in the Jordanian 2839:Western countries 2831:Arab nationalists 2756:, accompanied by 2672:Royal Jordanian 1 2639:freedom of speech 2450:one man, one vote 2309:Peace with Israel 2285:George H. W. Bush 2268:George H. W. Bush 2161:Jordanian economy 1982:for its exports. 1796:Battle of Karameh 1765:Battle of Karameh 1747:Battle of Karameh 1670:Egypt's Air Force 1658:Jordanian control 1577:Israeli reprisals 1502:a successful coup 1025:Faisal II of Iraq 867:Western countries 855:Arab nationalists 722:direct descendant 695: 679:Hussein bin Talal 676: 675: 525: 524: 223:Abdelhamid Sharaf 168:Husayn Al-Khalidi 46:Hussein bin Talal 16:(Redirected from 11690: 11493:Hashemite people 11390: 11389: 11316:Way of St. James 11300:Daniel Barenboim 11243:, king of Jordan 11155: 11154: 11138: 11131: 11124: 11115: 11114: 10988: 10939: 10932: 10925: 10916: 10915: 10907: 10852: 10840: 10831: 10824: 10817: 10808: 10807: 10799: 10764: 10752: 10743: 10736: 10729: 10720: 10719: 10691:Preceded by 10681: 10680:14 November 1953 10663: 10662: 10645: 10644: 10642:Official website 10629: 10608: 10584: 10560: 10539: 10528: 10517: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10466:. 1 January 2014 10456: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10445: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10401: 10395: 10392: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10374: 10367:The Jordan Times 10359: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10342:on 25 April 2016 10332: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10311: 10305: 10304: 10293: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10267: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10247:. Archived from 10245:princesshaya.net 10236: 10230: 10229: 10218: 10212: 10211: 10200: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10167: 10161: 10155: 10149: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10125:The Jordan Times 10117: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10088: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10047: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10012: 10006: 10000: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9932: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9906: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9880: 9874: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9854: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9821: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9790: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9752: 9750: 9727: 9716: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9687: 9678: 9677: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9632: 9619: 9613: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9574: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9541: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9502: 9500: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9418: 9417: 9401: 9391: 9385: 9379: 9360: 9354: 9323: 9317: 9264: 9258: 9252: 9246: 9205: 9199: 9174: 9168: 9162: 9153: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9089: 9076: 9075: 9055: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9006: 9000: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8980: 8974: 8968: 8935: 8929: 8914: 8908: 8865: 8859: 8844: 8838: 8823: 8817: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8753: 8747: 8728: 8726: 8713: 8704: 8698: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8678: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8565: 8559: 8553: 8514: 8508: 8495: 8489: 8468: 8462: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8421: 8415: 8408: 8399: 8393: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8335:. 1 January 2010 8325: 8319: 8316: 8310: 8304: 8279: 8273: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8115: 8109: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8073: 8067: 8061: 8055: 8049: 8043: 8034: 8028: 7997: 7991: 7985: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7949: 7886: 7880: 7869: 7868: 7863: 7861: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7822:themuslim500.com 7814: 7808: 7807: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7765: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7728:The Jordan Times 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7694: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7644: 7569:King Abdullah II 7558: 7547: 7517: 7431: 7418: 7331: 7318: 7308: 7295: 7196: 7179: 7166: 7156: 7143: 7131: 7032: 7015: 6999: 6989: 6976: 6964: 6951: 6828: 6813: 6660: 6575: 6498: 6195: 6109: 6026: 6024: 5937: 5853: 5767: 5681: 5595: 5508: 5423: 5421: 5334: 5173: 4938: 4261: 4109: 4029: 3952: 3864: 3742: 3639: 3559: 3520: 3519: 3497: 3490: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3458: 3457: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3428: 3427: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3395: 3394: 3378: 3377: 3361: 3360: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3100:(born in 1963). 3031:, a Palestinian 3017:Cairo University 2850:Suleiman Nabulsi 2821: 2808: 2594: 2590: 2483: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2287:on 12 March 1992 2191: 2187: 2183: 2114:George P. Shultz 2101:Hassanal Bolkiah 2054: 2049: 1956: 1767:, 21 March 1968. 1703:Dome of the Rock 1646:Dome of the Rock 1624:Abdul Munim Riad 1613: 1508:In January 1962 1462: 1297:Suleiman Nabulsi 1135:ceremonial dress 1013:Victoria College 960:and her husband 928:Hussein was the 784:forced to resign 759:forced Talal to 700: 690: 688: 647: 645: 644: 635: 633: 632: 623: 621: 620: 612: 603: 601: 600: 579: 513: 512: 440: 420: 418: 400: 398: 377: 375: 371: 350: 348: 344: 300: 281:14 November 1935 280: 278: 228:Kassim Al-Rimawi 163:Suleiman Nabulsi 127: 117: 80: 59: 50: 43: 42: 21: 11698: 11697: 11693: 11692: 11691: 11689: 11688: 11687: 11538:Muslim monarchs 11533:Kings of Jordan 11488:House of Hashim 11478: 11477: 11476: 11467: 11423:Sylvia A. Earle 11395: 11380: 11192:Stephen Hawking 11160: 11149: 11142: 11112: 11107: 11097: 11071: 11020: 11006:Prince Muhammad 10989: 10980: 10959: 10948: 10943: 10913: 10908: 10899: 10853: 10842: 10838: 10835: 10805: 10800: 10791: 10765: 10754: 10751:Kings of Jordan 10750: 10747: 10713: 10704: 10696: 10676: 10675: 10672:House of Hashim 10668: 10640: 10639: 10636: 10626: 10605: 10581: 10573:. I.B. Tauris. 10557: 10537: 10514: 10485: 10480: 10479: 10469: 10467: 10458: 10457: 10453: 10443: 10441: 10439: 10420: 10416: 10402: 10398: 10393: 10382: 10372: 10370: 10361: 10360: 10356: 10345: 10343: 10334: 10333: 10329: 10319: 10317: 10313: 10312: 10308: 10295: 10294: 10290: 10280: 10278: 10268: 10264: 10254: 10252: 10237: 10233: 10220: 10219: 10215: 10202: 10201: 10197: 10187: 10185: 10169: 10168: 10164: 10156: 10152: 10144: 10140: 10130: 10128: 10119: 10118: 10111: 10101: 10099: 10098:on 11 July 2011 10090: 10089: 10070: 10060: 10058: 10049: 10048: 10035: 10025: 10023: 10014: 10013: 10009: 10001: 9954: 9944: 9942: 9940:kinghussein.org 9934: 9933: 9929: 9919: 9917: 9908: 9907: 9903: 9893: 9891: 9890:on 28 July 2011 9882: 9881: 9877: 9867: 9865: 9855: 9840: 9830: 9828: 9823: 9822: 9813: 9803: 9801: 9798:Chicago Tribune 9792: 9791: 9780: 9770: 9768: 9763: 9762: 9758: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9728: 9719: 9714: 9710: 9700: 9698: 9689: 9688: 9681: 9668: 9667: 9663: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9633: 9622: 9614: 9597: 9587: 9585: 9575: 9564: 9554: 9552: 9543: 9542: 9535: 9525: 9523: 9516: 9512: 9498: 9496: 9495:. 12 March 1997 9487: 9486: 9482: 9474: 9421: 9414: 9392: 9388: 9380: 9363: 9355: 9326: 9318: 9267: 9259: 9255: 9247: 9208: 9200: 9177: 9169: 9165: 9151: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9117: 9116: 9112: 9102: 9100: 9090: 9079: 9072: 9056: 9029: 9019: 9017: 9007: 9003: 8993: 8991: 8982: 8981: 8977: 8969: 8938: 8930: 8917: 8909: 8868: 8860: 8847: 8839: 8826: 8818: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8781: 8777: 8769: 8756: 8748: 8731: 8724: 8714: 8707: 8699: 8686: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8656: 8652: 8645: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8612: 8610: 8609:. 28 March 1968 8601: 8600: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8566: 8562: 8554: 8517: 8509: 8498: 8490: 8471: 8463: 8444: 8434: 8432: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8409: 8402: 8394: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8361: 8348: 8338: 8336: 8327: 8326: 8322: 8317: 8313: 8305: 8282: 8274: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8225: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8190: 8161: 8153: 8149: 8141: 8118: 8110: 8103: 8095: 8091: 8083: 8076: 8068: 8064: 8056: 8052: 8044: 8037: 8029: 8000: 7992: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7951: 7950: 7889: 7881: 7872: 7859: 7857: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7831: 7829: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7804: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7767: 7766: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7707: 7705: 7695: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7668: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7646: 7645: 7602: 7597: 7565: 7536: 7530: 7518: 7511: 7510: 7432: 7425: 7424: 7332: 7325: 7324: 7309: 7302: 7301: 7198: 7192: 7190: 7180: 7173: 7172: 7157: 7150: 7149: 7132: 7125: 7124: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7016: 7010: 7005: 6990: 6983: 6982: 6965: 6958: 6957: 6830: 6824: 6822:Sharif of Mecca 6819: 6661: 6657:Sharif of Mecca 6654: 6653: 6571: 6494: 6196: 6192:Sharif of Mecca 6189: 6188: 6110: 6106:Sharif of Mecca 6103: 6102: 6025: 6021:Sharif of Mecca 6018: 6017: 6011: 5938: 5934:Sharif of Mecca 5931: 5930: 5854: 5850:Sharif of Mecca 5847: 5846: 5768: 5764:Sharif of Mecca 5761: 5760: 5682: 5678:Sharif of Mecca 5675: 5674: 5596: 5592:Sharif of Mecca 5589: 5588: 5509: 5505:Sharif of Mecca 5502: 5501: 5422: 5418:Sharif of Mecca 5415: 5414: 5408: 5335: 5331:Sharif of Mecca 5328: 5327: 5174: 5170:Sharif of Mecca 5167: 5166: 4934: 4257: 4103: 4030: 4023: 4022: 3953: 3946: 3945: 3865: 3861:Islamic prophet 3858: 3857: 3736: 3636:Abd al-Muttalib 3633: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3506: 3501: 3472: 3461:Royal Air Force 3452: 3440: 3438: 3422: 3410: 3408: 3389: 3372: 3355: 3343: 3341: 3335: 3327:Harley-Davidson 3313:Henry Kissinger 3304:satellite, the 3293: 3076:Rania Al-Yassin 2969:Prince Abdullah 2953: 2948: 2898: 2874:East Ghor Canal 2819: 2810: 2806: 2798: 2793: 2781:Raghadan Palace 2665: 2659: 2643:Laith Shubeilat 2592: 2588: 2576:Island of Peace 2540: 2534: 2481: 2440:were the first 2438:8 November 1993 2395:Zaid ibn Shaker 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2317: 2311: 2247: 2241: 2228:Zaid ibn Shaker 2189: 2188:million over 18 2185: 2181: 2165:Jordanian dinar 2157: 2151: 2134:Zaid ibn Shaker 2093: 2087: 2078:8 November 1987 2052: 2047: 1988: 1954: 1906:Jarring Mission 1894: 1888: 1860:Munich massacre 1832:Black September 1757: 1751:Black September 1745:Main articles: 1743: 1741:Black September 1638: 1632: 1615: 1611: 1552: 1546: 1470: 1460: 1418:Camille Chamoun 1406:Arab Federation 1402:Kingdom of Iraq 1382:Arab Federation 1362: 1360:Arab Federation 1356: 1314:Communist Party 1289:21 October 1956 1254: 1248: 1234:: he dismissed 1127: 1111:Muslim calendar 1071: 1066: 1040:King Abdullah I 1005:King Abdullah I 938:Sharif of Mecca 934:Hussein bin Ali 911:Prince Muhammad 895:Raghadan Palace 879: 804:Black September 765:regency council 749:King Abdullah I 719:40th-generation 642: 640: 639: 630: 628: 627: 618: 616: 598: 596: 588:Military career 546:Talal of Jordan 507: 503:Princess Raiyah 434: 433: 425: 422: 419: 1978) 414: 410: 402: 394: 390: 387: 379: 376: 1972) 367: 363: 360: 352: 349: 1957) 340: 336: 333: 317: 315:Raghadan Palace 312: 311:8 February 1999 302: 298: 297:7 February 1999 282: 276: 274: 262: 238:Zaid ibn Shaker 173:Bahjat Talhouni 129: 128: 123: 115:Prime ministers 113: 79:7 February 1999 78: 62: 48: 47: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11696: 11686: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11548:Field marshals 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11473: 11472: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11465: 11459: 11453: 11447: 11437: 11431: 11425: 11419: 11417:European Union 11413: 11407: 11400: 11397: 11396: 11386: 11385: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11378: 11372: 11366: 11360: 11354: 11348: 11342: 11336: 11330: 11324: 11318: 11312: 11306: 11296: 11290: 11280: 11274: 11272:Muhammad Yunus 11264:Vicente Ferrer 11260: 11258:Yehudi Menuhin 11250: 11244: 11237: 11223: 11217: 11211: 11201: 11194: 11188: 11178: 11172: 11165: 11162: 11161: 11151: 11150: 11141: 11140: 11133: 11126: 11118: 11109: 11108: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11079: 11077: 11076:4th generation 11073: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11028: 11026: 11025:3rd generation 11022: 11021: 11019: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10997: 10995: 10994:2nd generation 10991: 10990: 10983: 10981: 10979: 10978: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10964:1st generation 10961: 10960: 10953: 10950: 10949: 10942: 10941: 10934: 10927: 10919: 10910: 10909: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10856: 10854: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10834: 10833: 10826: 10819: 10811: 10802: 10801: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10768: 10766: 10759: 10756: 10755: 10746: 10745: 10738: 10731: 10723: 10715: 10714: 10709: 10706: 10701:King of Jordan 10697: 10692: 10688: 10687: 10686:Regnal titles 10683: 10682: 10669: 10666: 10661: 10660: 10655: 10646: 10635: 10634:External links 10632: 10631: 10630: 10624: 10609: 10604:978-1400078288 10603: 10585: 10580:978-1860643316 10579: 10561: 10555: 10540: 10535: 10518: 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I.B.Tauris. 10414: 10396: 10380: 10354: 10327: 10306: 10288: 10262: 10231: 10213: 10195: 10177:. 2 May 1955. 10162: 10160:, p. 151. 10150: 10148:, p. 473. 10138: 10127:. 19 June 2017 10109: 10068: 10033: 10007: 9952: 9927: 9901: 9875: 9838: 9811: 9778: 9756: 9742: 9717: 9708: 9679: 9661: 9647: 9620: 9595: 9562: 9533: 9510: 9480: 9419: 9413:978-0312337711 9412: 9386: 9361: 9324: 9265: 9263:, p. 512. 9253: 9206: 9175: 9173:, p. 468. 9163: 9136: 9110: 9077: 9071:978-0791483329 9070: 9027: 9001: 8975: 8936: 8915: 8866: 8864:, p. 417. 8845: 8824: 8809: 8796:978-1136328954 8795: 8775: 8754: 8729: 8705: 8684: 8671:978-0802195210 8670: 8661:Secret Soldier 8650: 8644:978-1851098422 8643: 8623: 8594: 8581:978-0470216118 8580: 8560: 8515: 8496: 8469: 8442: 8416: 8400: 8379: 8377:, p. 222. 8367: 8346: 8320: 8311: 8280: 8243: 8241:, p. 171. 8231: 8229:, p. 174. 8208: 8206:, p. 224. 8196: 8159: 8157:, p. 157. 8147: 8116: 8114:, p. 110. 8101: 8099:, p. 125. 8089: 8087:, p. 133. 8074: 8072:, p. 135. 8062: 8050: 8048:, p. 352. 8035: 7998: 7986: 7974: 7887: 7870: 7839: 7809: 7802: 7782: 7753: 7741: 7715: 7686: 7661: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7548: 7535: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7519: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7428:King of Jordan 7412: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7335: 7333: 7312: 7310: 7305:King of Jordan 7289: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7183: 7181: 7160: 7158: 7153:King of Jordan 7137: 7135: 7133: 7128:Regent of Iraq 7117: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7019: 7017: 6993: 6991: 6986:King of Jordan 6970: 6968: 6966: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6730: 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5603: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5211: 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4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3866: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3463:– 19 July 1966 3447:United Kingdom 3436: 3435: 3434: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3387: 3370: 3334: 3333:Military ranks 3331: 3292: 3289: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3248: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3204: 3194: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3147: 3133: 3130:Princess Aisha 3095: 3088:Princess Salma 3052: 3051: 3050: 3029:Salah Ta'amari 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2897: 2894: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2661:Main article: 2658: 2655: 2564:East Jerusalem 2554:, 2 April 1997 2536:Main article: 2533: 2530: 2505:Hafez Al-Assad 2454:gerrymandering 2360:Taher Al-Masri 2318: 2313:Main article: 2310: 2307: 2243:Main article: 2240: 2237: 2207:New York Times 2153:Main article: 2150: 2147: 2089:Main article: 2086: 2083: 2073:Yitzhak Shamir 2057:Gulf countries 2025:and Shahbanou 1987: 1984: 1972:Saddam Hussein 1942:Yom Kippur War 1936:, 12 July 1974 1919:Hafez Al-Assad 1898:Gunnar Jarring 1892:Yom Kippur War 1890:Main article: 1887: 1886:Yom Kippur War 1884: 1742: 1739: 1735:resolution 242 1691:Jack O'Connell 1682:Hawker Hunters 1650:East Jerusalem 1634:Main article: 1631: 1628: 1603: 1548:Main article: 1545: 1542: 1532:(PLA) and the 1518:two 1963 coups 1469: 1466: 1400:(left) of the 1398:King Faisal II 1378:Hashemite Iraq 1374:King Faisal II 1358:Main article: 1355: 1352: 1247: 1244: 1197:influence and 1182:. The country 1172:Qibya massacre 1126: 1123: 1075:King of Jordan 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1057:Masjid Al-Aqsa 1053:Friday prayers 1029:Hashemite Iraq 952:descendant of 946:Ottoman Empire 919:Princess Basma 907:Zein al-Sharaf 887:Zein al-Sharaf 878: 875: 828:a peace treaty 745:Zein Al-Sharaf 703:King of Jordan 687:الحسين بن طلال 674: 673: 670: 669: 664: 660: 659: 656: 652: 651: 614: 608: 607: 594: 590: 589: 585: 584: 581: 580: 573: 569: 568: 563: 559: 558: 556:Zein al-Sharaf 553: 549: 548: 543: 539: 538: 533: 527: 526: 523: 522: 518: 517: 509: 508: 506: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 479: 474: 469: 464: 462:Princess Aisha 459: 454: 449: 443: 441: 427: 426: 424: 423: 412: 406: 405: 403: 392: 388: 383: 382: 380: 365: 361: 356: 355: 353: 338: 334: 329: 328: 325: 323: 319: 318: 313: 309: 305: 304: 301:(aged 63) 295: 291: 290: 272: 268: 267: 264: 263: 261: 260: 258:Fayez Tarawneh 255: 250: 245: 243:Taher Al-Masri 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 158:Samir Al-Rifai 155: 153:Ibrahim Hashem 150: 145: 143:Sa`id Al-Mufti 140: 135: 133:Fawzi Al-Mulki 122: 121: 120: 118: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 75: 71: 70: 68:King of Jordan 64: 63: 60: 52: 51: 49:الحسين بن طلال 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11695: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11663:Sons of kings 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11483: 11464: 11463:Magnum Photos 11460: 11458: 11454: 11452: 11448: 11446: 11442: 11438: 11436: 11432: 11430: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11418: 11414: 11412: 11408: 11406: 11402: 11401: 11398: 11391: 11387: 11377: 11373: 11371: 11367: 11365: 11361: 11359: 11355: 11353: 11349: 11347: 11343: 11341: 11337: 11335: 11331: 11329: 11325: 11323: 11319: 11317: 11313: 11311: 11310:J. K. Rowling 11307: 11305: 11301: 11297: 11295: 11291: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11279: 11278:Caritas Spain 11275: 11273: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11249: 11248:Adolfo Suárez 11245: 11242: 11238: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11222: 11218: 11216: 11212: 11210: 11209:Medicus Mundi 11206: 11202: 11199: 11195: 11193: 11189: 11187: 11183: 11179: 11177: 11173: 11171: 11167: 11166: 11163: 11156: 11152: 11147: 11139: 11134: 11132: 11127: 11125: 11120: 11119: 11116: 11106: 11100: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11088:Prince Hashem 11086: 11084: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11074: 11068: 11067:Prince Rashid 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11052:Prince Hashim 11050: 11048: 11047:Prince Hamzah 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11037:Prince Faisal 11035: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11027: 11023: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11011:Prince Hassan 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10987: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10962: 10957: 10951: 10947: 10940: 10935: 10933: 10928: 10926: 10921: 10920: 10917: 10906: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10857: 10851: 10845: 10841: 10832: 10827: 10825: 10820: 10818: 10813: 10812: 10809: 10798: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10769: 10763: 10757: 10753: 10744: 10739: 10737: 10732: 10730: 10725: 10724: 10721: 10712: 10703: 10702: 10695: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10673: 10664: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10650: 10647: 10643: 10638: 10637: 10627: 10621: 10617: 10616: 10610: 10606: 10600: 10596: 10595: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10565:Salibi, Kamal 10562: 10558: 10552: 10548: 10547: 10541: 10538: 10536:0-7867-1269-4 10532: 10527: 10526: 10519: 10515: 10509: 10505: 10504: 10498: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10486: 10465: 10464:alhussein.gov 10461: 10460:"Family tree" 10455: 10440: 10438:9781860643316 10434: 10430: 10429: 10424: 10418: 10410: 10406: 10400: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10385: 10368: 10364: 10358: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10316: 10310: 10302: 10298: 10292: 10277: 10273: 10266: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10235: 10227: 10223: 10217: 10209: 10205: 10199: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10159: 10154: 10147: 10142: 10126: 10122: 10116: 10114: 10097: 10093: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10081: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10073: 10056: 10055:The Economist 10052: 10046: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10021: 10020:The Economist 10017: 10011: 10004: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9959: 9957: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9915: 9911: 9905: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9864: 9860: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9826: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9799: 9795: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9783: 9766: 9760: 9745: 9743:9781851098422 9739: 9735: 9734: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9712: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9684: 9675: 9671: 9665: 9650: 9648:9781107008724 9644: 9640: 9639: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9617: 9612: 9610: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9584: 9580: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9550: 9546: 9540: 9538: 9521: 9514: 9507: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9477: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9415: 9409: 9405: 9400: 9399: 9390: 9383: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9358: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9329: 9321: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9262: 9257: 9250: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9203: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9172: 9167: 9161: 9160:0-19-924958-X 9157: 9149: 9145: 9144:Dieter Nohlen 9140: 9124: 9120: 9114: 9099: 9095: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9073: 9067: 9063: 9062: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9016: 9012: 9005: 8989: 8985: 8979: 8972: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8933: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8912: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8863: 8858: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8842: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8821: 8816: 8814: 8798: 8792: 8788: 8787: 8779: 8772: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8751: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8722: 8718: 8712: 8710: 8702: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8673: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8654: 8646: 8640: 8636: 8635: 8627: 8608: 8604: 8598: 8583: 8577: 8573: 8572: 8564: 8557: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8512: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8493: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8466: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8431:. 5 June 2017 8430: 8426: 8420: 8413: 8407: 8405: 8397: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8376: 8371: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8315: 8308: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8277: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8240: 8235: 8228: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8205: 8200: 8193: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8156: 8151: 8144: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8113: 8108: 8106: 8098: 8093: 8086: 8081: 8079: 8071: 8066: 8060:, p. 59. 8059: 8054: 8047: 8042: 8040: 8032: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7996:, p. 65. 7995: 7990: 7984:, p. 56. 7983: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7957:The Telegraph 7954: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7884: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7867: 7855: 7851: 7850: 7843: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7813: 7805: 7799: 7795: 7794: 7786: 7770: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7750: 7745: 7730:. 3 June 2017 7729: 7725: 7719: 7704: 7700: 7693: 7691: 7675: 7671: 7665: 7649: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7600: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7556: 7555: 7549: 7545: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7531: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7475: 7473: 7437: 7435: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7417: 7384: 7382: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7261: 7259: 7203: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7099: 7097: 7039: 7037: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7013: 7009: 7008:King of Syria 7004: 7003: 6998: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6962: 6961:King of Hejaz 6956: 6955: 6950: 6927: 6924: 6916: 6914: 6906: 6904: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6886: 6870: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6835: 6833: 6827: 6826:King of Hejaz 6823: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6779: 6777: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6704: 6702: 6666: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6618: 6616: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6541: 6539: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6464: 6462: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6389: 6387: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6314: 6312: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6239: 6237: 6201: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6153: 6151: 6115: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6069: 6067: 6031: 6029: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6014:Abu Numayy II 5981: 5979: 5943: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5897: 5895: 5859: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5811: 5809: 5773: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5725: 5723: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5639: 5637: 5601: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5552: 5550: 5514: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5466: 5464: 5428: 5426: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5378: 5376: 5340: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5292: 5290: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5217: 5215: 5179: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5131: 5129: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5056: 5054: 5018: 5016: 5013: 4981: 4979: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4904: 4902: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4829: 4827: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4754: 4752: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4679: 4677: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4604: 4602: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4529: 4527: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4454: 4452: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4379: 4377: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4304: 4302: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4259:Musa Al-Djawn 4227: 4225: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4152: 4150: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4073: 4071: 4035: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4020: 3987: 3980: 3978: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3950: 3949:fourth caliph 3944: 3943: 3918: 3916: 3870: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3812: 3810: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3741: 3740: 3714: 3711: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3679: 3677: 3669: 3667: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3603: 3601: 3565: 3563: 3555: 3554: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3486: 3484: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3462: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3437: 3432: 3431:Egyptian Army 3426: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3380:Field Marshal 3376: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3340: 3339: 3338: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223:Najeeb Halaby 3220: 3216: 3213: 3208: 3207:Abir Muhaisen 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3126:Princess Sara 3123: 3119: 3118:Princess Ayah 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3092:Prince Hashem 3089: 3085: 3084:Princess Iman 3081: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025:Lieut-Colonel 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2986: 2981: 2974: 2973:Prince Faisal 2970: 2965: 2957: 2946:Personal life 2943: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2893: 2891: 2886: 2884: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2818:King Abdullah 2815: 2809: 2803: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2734: 2733:Zahran street 2729: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2611:Khaled Mashal 2608: 2603: 2601: 2596: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2560:Qana massacre 2553: 2552:William Cohen 2549: 2544: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518:Efraim Halevy 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2411: 2407: 2406:Yitzhak Rabin 2402: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2383:confederation 2380: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2333: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2273:Husni Mubarak 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2246: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:Zaid Al-Rifai 2127: 2123: 2118: 2115: 2110: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2082: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2044: 2041: 2036: 2035:Ronald Reagan 2028: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1983: 1981: 1980:Port of Aqaba 1977: 1976:Iran–Iraq War 1973: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1910:Zaid Al-Rifai 1907: 1903: 1902:special envoy 1899: 1893: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871:unitary state 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1850:in 1975. The 1849: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1789:Yasser Arafat 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1724:Golan Heights 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1594:Yitzhak Rabin 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581:Samu Incident 1578: 1574: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1550:Samu Incident 1544:Samu Incident 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1503: 1494: 1493:Hazza' Majali 1489: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1473:Hazza' Majali 1465: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1389:'s influence. 1388: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:Arab Cold War 1361: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1339:Ali Abu Nuwar 1336: 1331: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1277:Ali Abu Nuwar 1273: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1253: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1136: 1131: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1087:schizophrenia 1084: 1080: 1076: 1061: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1033:under regency 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021:Harrow School 1018: 1014: 1006: 1001: 997: 995: 991: 987: 983: 982:House of Saud 979: 978:1925 conquest 975: 971: 967: 966:fourth caliph 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 915:Prince Hassan 912: 908: 905:and Princess 904: 900: 896: 888: 883: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 830:with Israel. 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 768: 766: 762: 758: 754: 753:heir apparent 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 699: 693: 684: 680: 671: 668: 667:Field marshal 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 638: 626: 615: 609: 606: 595: 591: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 567: 564: 560: 557: 554: 550: 547: 544: 540: 537: 534: 532: 528: 519: 514: 510: 504: 501: 499: 498:Princess Iman 496: 494: 493:Prince Hashim 491: 489: 488:Prince Hamzah 486: 483: 482:Abir Muhaisen 480: 478: 475: 473: 472:Princess Haya 470: 468: 467:Princess Zein 465: 463: 460: 458: 457:Prince Faisal 455: 453: 450: 448: 447:Princess Alia 445: 444: 442: 439: 438: 432: 428: 409: 404: 386: 381: 359: 358:Toni Gardiner 354: 332: 327: 326: 324: 320: 316: 310: 306: 303:Amman, Jordan 296: 292: 289: 285: 273: 269: 265: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 233:Ahmad Obeidat 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 213:Zaid Al-Rifai 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 148:Hazza' Majali 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 126: 119: 116: 111: 108: 105: 101: 98: 95: 91: 87: 85:Regency ended 83: 76: 72: 69: 65: 58: 53: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 11457:Mary's Meals 11376:Caddy Adzuba 11358:Fukushima 50 11352:Manos Unidas 11240: 11062:Prince Ghazi 11057:Prince Talal 11000: 10976:Prince Nayef 10864: 10781: 10699: 10677: 10670: 10614: 10593: 10569: 10545: 10524: 10502: 10489: 10483:Bibliography 10468:. 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Retrieved 7553: 7542: 7529: 7505: 7419: 7337: 7328:King of Iraq 7319: 7297: 7296: 7185: 7176:King of Iraq 7167: 7144: 7121:'Abd Al-Ilah 7119: 7021: 7012:King of Iraq 7000: 6977: 6952: 6814: 6734: 6648: 6573:Abdul Mu'een 6572: 6495: 6419: 6344: 6269: 6183: 6099: 6012: 5927: 5841: 5755: 5669: 5583: 5496: 5411:Abu Numayy I 5409: 5322: 5247: 5161: 5086: 5011: 4936:Abd Al-Karim 4935: 4859: 4784: 4709: 4634: 4559: 4484: 4409: 4334: 4258: 4182: 4104: 4026:fifth caliph 4017: 3966: 3940: 3852: 3755: 3737: 3634: 3551: 3336: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3294: 3274: 3254: 3244: 3124:, and twins 3065: 3058: 2990: 2933: 2930:Bob Woodward 2927: 2923: 2919: 2887: 2879: 2859: 2855: 2841:and Israel. 2835:Soviet Union 2811: 2805: 2801: 2774: 2751: 2738: 2722: 2718: 2705: 2697: 2692:chemotherapy 2681: 2671: 2647:Swaqa prison 2636: 2632:Ahmed Yassin 2604: 2597: 2584:Beit Shemesh 2573: 2568:Temple Mount 2557: 2502: 2494: 2490:Bill Clinton 2458:independents 2435: 2431:Oslo Accords 2415: 2410:Bill Clinton 2376: 2356:Mudar Badran 2335: 2325: 2320: 2290: 2248: 2216: 2205: 2204:, where the 2158: 2119: 2106: 2070: 2045: 2040:Shimon Peres 2032: 2016:Jimmy Carter 2005:Ariel Sharon 1989: 1960: 1939: 1895: 1864: 1845: 1840:Habis Majali 1818: 1793: 1770: 1728: 1696: 1680:. 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