43:
1374:
498:
1608:
2501:
1665:
1464:, considered retracting the annexation in favor of a Bagratid heir, but being unable to identify one likely to retain the crown, on September 12, 1801 Alexander proceeded to confirm annexation. Meanwhile, King George had died on December 28, 1800, before learning that he had lost his throne. By the following April, Russian troops took control of the country's administration and in February 1803 Tsarevich David Bagrationi was escorted by Russian troops from Tbilisi to St. Petersburg.
57:
4530:
2245:
1071:
1215:, the then ruling monarch of Russia, viewed Georgia as a pivot for her Caucasian policy, as Russia's new aspirations were to use it as a base of operations against both Iran and the Ottoman Empire, both immediate bordering geo-political rivals of Russia. On top of that, having another port on the Georgian coast of the
1163:
While
Heraclius II's court maintained a certain Persian-type pomp, and he himself dressed in the Persian style as well, he launched an ambitious program of "Europeanization" which was supported by the Georgian intellectual ĂŠlites; it was not overwhelmingly successful however, because Georgia remained
1319:
under its King
Solomon II. The Georgians, hopelessly outnumbered, were eventually defeated despite stiff resistance. In a few hours, the Iranian king Agha Mohammad Khan was in full control of the Georgian capital. The Persian army marched back laden with spoil and carrying off thousands of captives.
1275:
Finding an interval of peace amid their own quarrels and with northern, western, and central Persia secure, the
Iranians demanded Heraclius II to renounce the treaty with Russia and to re-accept Persian suzerainty, in return for peace and the security of his kingdom. The Ottomans, Iran's neighboring
1168:
and had to expend all available resources on defending its precarious independence. He strove to enlist the support of
European powers, and to attract Western scientists and technicians to give his country the benefit of the latest military and industrial techniques. His style of governing resembled
1265:
or Gilan. It was therefore natural for Agha
Mohammad Khan to perform whatever necessary means in the Caucasus in order to subdue and reincorporate the recently lost regions following Nader Shah's death and the collapse of the Zands, including putting down what in Iranian eyes was seen as treason on
1082:
of the area, established a leading position in the southern
Caucasus, and requested Russian aid. In 1762, he succeeded his father as king of Kartli, and with already being king of Kakheti, eastern Georgia thus became politically unified for the first time in three centuries. Around 1760, it had
1314:
With half the number of troops Agha
Mohammad Khan had crossed the Aras river, he now marched directly upon Tbilisi, where it commenced into a huge battle between the Iranian and Georgian armies. Heraclius had managed to mobilize some 5,000 troops, including some 2,000 from neighboring
1335:
notes; "Russia's client, Georgia, had been punished, and Russia's prestige, damaged." Heraclius II returned to
Tbilisi to rebuild the city, but the destruction of his capital was a death blow to his hopes and projects. Upon learning of the fall of Tbilisi General
1034:
and to re-impose its traditional suzerainty over the region. After
Heraclius II refused to denounce the treaty with Russia and to voluntarily reaccept Iran's suzerainty in return for peace and prosperity for his kingdom, Agha Mohammad Khan invaded Kartli-Kakheti,
994:
over
Georgia, to guarantee the autonomy of his kingdom throughout the chaos that had erupted following Nader Shah's death. He became the new Georgian king of a politically united eastern Georgia for the first time in three centuries. Though Heraclius tendered his
1467:
As it was impossible for Iran to give up Georgia, which had made part of the concept of Iran for centuries like the rest of its Caucasian territories, the annexation of Kartli-Kakheti led directly to the Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century, namely that of
1177:. He exercised executive, legislative, and judicial authority and closely supervised the activities of government departments. Heraclius's primary objective in internal policy was to further centralize the government through reducing the powers of the
1155:). By minting the silver coins with a reference to Karim Khan Zand on it they were usable for trade in Iran, whereas the copper coins, struck for only local use, reflected Heraclius II's political orientation towards Russia.
1219:
would be ideal. A limited Russian contingent of two infantry battalions with four artillery pieces arrived in Tbilisi in 1784, but was withdrawn, despite the frantic protests of the Georgians, in 1787 as a new
1019:. Amongst others, this provided the nominal guarantee for protection against new Iranian attempts, or by any others, to (re)conquer or attack eastern Georgia. By the 1790s, a new strong Iranian dynasty, the
1388:
Reestablishment of Iranian rule over Georgia was short-lived this time, and the next few years were years of muddling and confusion. In 1797, Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated in his tent in
1512:
from Iran. Thus, by 1828, the Russians had gained an immensely strong foothold in the Caucasus. Parts of western Georgia were added to the empire during the same period through wars with the
1039:, effectively bringing it back under Iranian control. This was short-lived, however, for Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated two years later. Heraclius II himself died a year after that.
2037:(...) Agha Muhammad Khan remained nine days in the vicinity of Tiflis. His victory proclaimed the restoration of Iranian military power in the region formerly under Safavid domination.
1105:(Georgia), the traditional Safavid office, which by this time however had become an "empty honorific". Karim Khan died in 1779 however, with Persia again being engulfed into chaos.
1235:
again fully under the Iranian orbit. For Agha Mohammad Khan, the re-subjugation and reintegration of Georgia into the Iranian Empire was part of the same process that had brought
1078:
After Nader Shah's death in 1747, Heraclius II and Teimuraz II capitalized on the eruption of chaos in mainland Iran. In the ensuing period Heraclius II made alliances with the
1280:, asking for at least 3,000 Russian troops, but he was ignored, leaving Georgia to fend off the Iranian threat alone. Nevertheless, Heraclius II still rejected the shah's
1116:
in 1783, resulting in the transfer of responsibility for defense and foreign affairs in the eastern kingdom, as well as importantly, officially abjuring any dependence on
439:
425:
400:
386:
372:
1422:
as the next king on April 18, 1799. But strife broke out among King George's many sons and those of his late father over the throne, Heraclius II having changed the
1108:
Seeking to remain independent, but also realizing that he would need a foreign protector with regard to his kingdom's foreign policy, King Heraclius II concluded the
5217:
1276:
rival, recognized the latter's rights over Kartli and Kakheti for the first time in four centuries. Heraclius appealed then to his theoretical protector, Empress
4032:
1445:, on the condition that George and his descendants be allowed to continue to reign nominally â in effect, offering to mediatise the Bagrationi dynasty under the
1123:
Heraclius II's "curiously ambivalent position" in these decades is reflected in the coins issued by him in his realm. Silver coins were struck with the name of
5277:
2289:
5252:
1120:
or any other power. However, despite these large concessions made to Russia, Heraclius II was successful in retaining internal autonomy in his kingdom.
1181:. For this purpose, he attempted to create a governing ĂŠlite composed of his own agents to replace the self-minded aristocratic lords in local affairs.
981:, as a reward for their loyalty. When Nader Shah died in 1747, Teimuraz II and Heraclius II capitalized on the instability in Iran proper, and declared
5247:
5197:
4140:
76:
1396:, which he had taken just some days earlier. On January 14, 1798, as King Heraclius II died, and he was succeeded on the throne by his eldest son,
1414:. In the same year, following the power vacuum in Georgia that got created mainly due to Agha Mohammad Khan's death, the Russian troops entered
4763:
1452:
Paul tentatively accepted this offer, but before negotiations could be finalized, he changed his mind and issued a decree on December 18, 1800
4650:
4645:
4637:
4386:
1481:
1261:
states, its permanent secession was inconceivable and had to be resisted in the same way as one would resist an attempt at the separation of
1231:, emerged victorious in the protracted power struggle in Iran. Qajar shah, Agha Mohammad Khan, as his first objective, resolved to bring the
1143:
up until 1799 â some twenty years after Karim Khan Zand's death. In the same decades, the copper coins struck at Tbilisi bore three types of
838:
4610:
3080:
2908:
2823:
2562:
5242:
5147:
4153:
2009:
1891:
5222:
5055:
4666:
2282:
5272:
4575:
4570:
4498:
2977:
901:
42:
5262:
5207:
4992:
4834:
4626:
3295:
854:
5267:
5022:
4809:
4620:
4508:
4442:
4133:
2567:
1062:
of 1804â1813, Iran officially ceded the kingdom to Russia, marking the start of a Russian-centred chapter in Georgian history.
1772:
5212:
4998:
4850:
4514:
3347:
2902:
2275:
1323:
By this, after the conquest of Tbilisi and being in effective control of eastern Georgia, Agha Mohammad was formally crowned
1015:, by which he formally laid Kartli-Kakheti's investiture in the hands of the Russian monarch, and made the kingdom a Russian
481:
3312:
5257:
5202:
4977:
4748:
4600:
4488:
2532:
886:
987:
independence. After Teimuraz II died in 1762, Heraclius succeeded him as ruler of Kartli, thus unifying the two kingdoms.
5237:
4615:
4605:
3800:
2122:
5182:
4590:
4565:
4555:
4432:
3805:
2481:
2228:
2206:
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850:
718:
5087:
5009:
4882:
4736:
4716:
4401:
4282:
4126:
3070:
2187:
2076:
1952:
1782:
1697:
1473:
1469:
1368:
1221:
1059:
1043:
826:
682:
5232:
4799:
4741:
3615:
56:
5044:
4957:
4758:
4731:
4677:
4452:
4339:
4329:
3013:
2557:
2249:
5017:
4844:
4721:
4538:
4417:
3592:
3095:
2476:
2136:
2019:
1990:
1901:
842:
742:
5227:
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4704:
3429:
2330:
1257:
734:
5140:
4865:
4839:
4787:
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911:
846:
730:
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4324:
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4181:
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5049:
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2128:
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emperors. Continued pressure from Persia, also prompted George XII's request for Russian intervention.
1345:
881:
722:
606:
578:
551:
3785:
5287:
5282:
5092:
4773:
4753:
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2852:
2418:
1196:
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819:
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173:
3885:
5161:
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3505:
3485:
3450:
3403:
3357:
2709:
2525:
2423:
2385:
1944:
1079:
1030:
In the next few years, having secured mainland Iran, the new Iranian king set out to reconquer the
1024:
941:
906:
794:
706:
586:
574:
203:
156:
1373:
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2433:
2369:
1557:
1406:
978:
786:
666:
650:
518:
222:
161:
1152:
1087:
had become the new ruler of Iran. Shortly after, in 1762-1763, during Karim Khan's campaigns in
4252:
4103:
4018:
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3510:
3378:
3327:
3259:
3159:
3149:
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2618:
2353:
2258:
1595:
1353:
974:
702:
634:
1307:
at the time, instructed Heraclius to avoid "expense and fuss", while Heraclius, together with
497:
4359:
4088:
4068:
4048:
3911:
3875:
3830:
3775:
3567:
3562:
3337:
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3018:
2987:
2927:
2877:
2659:
2649:
2428:
2177:
1617:
1461:
1397:
1308:
1291:, and after a turn of events by which he gathered more support from his subordinate khans of
1170:
1055:
782:
237:
3239:
1195:
In the last few decades of the 18th century, Georgia had become a more important element in
4768:
4262:
4073:
3992:
3956:
3906:
3765:
3690:
3475:
3352:
3144:
2919:
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2799:
1109:
1008:
755:
642:
299:
129:
8:
4942:
4919:
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4043:
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3870:
3855:
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3810:
3740:
3655:
3625:
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3043:
3038:
2937:
2932:
2699:
2654:
2613:
2518:
2358:
1916:
1509:
1501:
1423:
1277:
1212:
1200:
1190:
1042:
The following years, which were spent in confusion, culminated in 1801 with the official
1036:
710:
670:
570:
507:
312:
1980:
4967:
4462:
4447:
4376:
4344:
4334:
4297:
4267:
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3997:
3820:
3815:
3780:
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3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
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3640:
3547:
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3264:
3154:
3134:
3090:
3033:
3028:
3005:
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2952:
2834:
2450:
2445:
2413:
2408:
2390:
2216:
1936:
1657:
1607:
1600:
1485:
1438:
1316:
958:
891:
858:
830:
778:
774:
766:
686:
658:
646:
391:
269:
1135:("O Gracious One"), whereby an epithet to God was invoked, which actually referred to
5037:
5032:
4928:
4897:
4529:
4371:
4312:
4287:
4216:
4149:
4023:
4013:
3976:
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3835:
3710:
3680:
3650:
3645:
3620:
3557:
3552:
3542:
3413:
3362:
3249:
3244:
2967:
2603:
2588:
2486:
2440:
2380:
2267:
2224:
2202:
2183:
2162:
2132:
2072:
2015:
1948:
1897:
1778:
1693:
1418:. Pursuant to article VI of the 1783 treaty, Emperor Paul confirmed David's claim to
1252:
1251:
and Nader Shah before him, no different from the provinces in mainland Iran, such as
1088:
954:
930:
770:
678:
662:
566:
465:
377:
265:
196:
124:
111:
1430:, to favor the accession of younger brothers of deceased kings over their own sons.
1299:, he sent Heraclius a last ultimatum, which he also declined, but, sent couriers to
5192:
5097:
4902:
4877:
4585:
4478:
4196:
4191:
4039:
4003:
3921:
3745:
3515:
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2608:
2005:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1393:
1356:
1300:
1047:
876:
619:
602:
530:
526:
134:
2147:
5187:
5119:
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4457:
4437:
4381:
4231:
3916:
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3630:
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3480:
3445:
3435:
3418:
3254:
3209:
3124:
2842:
2817:
2664:
2471:
2363:
1427:
1268:
1248:
1227:
The consequences of these events came a few years later, when a new dynasty, the
1208:
1136:
1097:
1084:
966:
962:
834:
798:
738:
726:
598:
4914:
4058:
3840:
3825:
3790:
3530:
3525:
3408:
3342:
3214:
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2847:
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2623:
1513:
1505:
1349:
1292:
1204:
1174:
1148:
1113:
1051:
1012:
802:
762:
690:
674:
418:
325:
2179:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic
2090:
Charters and other historical documents of the XVIII century regarding Georgia
5176:
5077:
4972:
4949:
4907:
4819:
4690:
3705:
3470:
3465:
2887:
2745:
2704:
2684:
1457:
1411:
1381:
1337:
1296:
1262:
1228:
1020:
1007:
autonomous for the next three decades to come. In 1783, Heraclius signed the
405:
91:
78:
3234:
5102:
4935:
4887:
3795:
3317:
3279:
3179:
2762:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
1976:
1476:. During the 1804â1813 war, the Russians scored a crucial victory over the
1400:(1746â1800) who, on February 22, 1799, recognized his own eldest son, the
1328:
1311:
and some Imeretians headed southwards of Tbilisi to fend off the Iranians.
1288:
1128:
1016:
1000:
562:
286:
139:
2106:
EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica, "Treaty of Georgievsk", 2008, retrieved 2008-6-16
2067:
Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, 1980, "Burke's Royal Families of the World:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1817:
1815:
1484:
saving Tbilisi from Iranian reconquest. The war eventually ended with the
5072:
4027:
3536:
3332:
3224:
3219:
3139:
2730:
2714:
1304:
1178:
1144:
626:
2121:
Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991).
2042:
1664:
1433:
The resulting dynastic upheaval prompted King George to secretly invite
5114:
3582:
3520:
3439:
2679:
2644:
1839:
1812:
1493:
1477:
1453:
1124:
1027:, which would prove pivotal in the history of the short-lived kingdom.
991:
970:
461:
432:
183:
1456:
Kartli-Kakheti to Russia and deposing the Bagratids. Paul himself was
5027:
4560:
3941:
3931:
3500:
2807:
2694:
2298:
2259:
Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library: Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti webpage
2159:
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia
2011:
Iran: Empire of the Mind: A History from Zoroaster to the Present Day
1401:
1341:
1281:
1216:
630:
1982:
The History of Persia from the Most Early Period to the Present Time
1070:
5082:
4685:
4118:
4078:
3961:
3951:
3770:
3269:
2541:
2373:
1489:
1362:
1232:
1031:
983:
654:
4655:
4211:
4206:
3971:
3926:
3901:
3455:
3164:
2782:
2735:
2674:
2598:
2552:
2325:
2320:
1497:
1415:
1240:
1140:
558:
534:
522:
457:
178:
70:
4892:
4660:
4221:
4201:
4053:
3966:
3229:
3129:
2772:
2628:
2335:
2244:
1986:
1924:
1389:
1244:
1236:
1165:
590:
538:
469:
2510:
2035:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128â129.
1867:
1865:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1419:
1359:, who succeeded Catherine in November, shortly recalled it.
1352:
to the Qajar possessions on April of that year, but the new
1003:
quickly after the unification in 1762, the kingdom remained
3936:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2740:
1460:
shortly thereafter. It is said that his successor, Emperor
1324:
1117:
2182:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 63â104.
1862:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1718:
1378:
Entrance of the Russian troops in Tiflis, 26 November 1799
2120:
2055:
1856:
1827:
1821:
1224:
against Ottoman Turkey had started on a different front.
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1488:, which forced Iran to officially cede eastern Georgia,
1348:, upon the proposal of Gudovich, and sent an army under
1791:
1199:
than some provinces in northern mainland Iran, such as
2297:
1496:
to Russia. By the 1826-28 war, Russia took modern-day
1344:
themselves. To restore Russian prestige, Catherine II
1877:
961:. From the early 16th century, according to the 1555
949:) was created in 1762 by the unification of the two
2024:
1690:
The Geography of Georgia: Problems and Perspectives
2001:
1999:
1749:
1095:submission to him and received his investiture as
2101:
2099:
1706:
5174:
1363:Aftermath and absorption into the Russian Empire
1054:during the nominal ascension of Heraclius's son
5218:Vassal and tributary states of the Zand dynasty
1996:
990:Heraclius was able, after centuries of Iranian
2096:
1957:
1624:
1564:
1058:to the Kartli-Kakhetian throne. Following the
934:
5278:States and territories disestablished in 1801
4134:
2526:
2283:
1426:order at the behest of his third wife, Queen
839:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
16:Georgian state in the Caucasus from 1762â1801
5253:1800s disestablishments in Georgia (country)
1774:Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003
1287:Agha Mohammad Khan subsequently crossed the
1247:under his rule. He viewed Georgia, like the
2156:
1871:
1833:
1074:Detail from the map by Claude Buffier, 1736
4141:
4127:
2533:
2519:
2290:
2276:
337:⢠Ratification of Russian annexation
55:
5248:1760s establishments in Georgia (country)
5198:Early modern history of Georgia (country)
2149:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 5
2087:
2176:Perry, John (1991). "The Zand dynasty".
2145:
1743:
1687:
1372:
1069:
61:Extent of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.
1912:
1910:
5175:
2568:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
2069:Volume II Africa & the Middle East
2030:
1766:
1764:
4122:
2798:
2514:
2271:
2196:
2175:
2146:Hitchins, Keith (1998). "EREKLE II".
1893:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
1806:
1777:. Taylor & Francis. p. 170.
1755:
1441:princes, and govern the kingdom from
1437:to invade Kartli-Kakheti, subdue the
727:Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia
4148:
2215:
2081:
1930:
1907:
1712:
1492:, as well as most of the modern-day
999:submission to the newly established
1770:
1761:
1641:10 November 1746 â 28 December 1800
13:
5243:18th century in the Russian Empire
4433:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
2563:List of current sovereign monarchs
1158:
1147:; Christian, Georgian, "and even"
973:granted the kingship of Kartli to
851:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
14:
5299:
5223:18th century in Georgia (country)
4283:Unification of the Georgian realm
2238:
2221:The Making of the Georgian Nation
1941:The Making of the Georgian Nation
1581:7 November 1720 â 11 January 1798
1369:Georgia within the Russian Empire
1184:
827:Georgia within the Russian Empire
683:Unification of the Georgian realm
5273:1801 disestablishments in Europe
4528:
4402:Absorption by the Russian Empire
3081:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2499:
2243:
1663:
1606:
965:, these two kingdoms were under
496:
437:
423:
398:
384:
370:
41:
2558:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
2157:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011).
2061:
1970:
977:and that of Kakheti to his son
5263:1801 disestablishments in Asia
5208:Former monarchies of West Asia
4418:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2540:
2477:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2031:Fisher, William Bayne (1991).
1681:
946:
843:Democratic Republic of Georgia
743:Collapse of the Georgian realm
719:Kingdom of Georgia (1256â1329)
1:
5268:1762 establishments in Europe
2124:The Cambridge History of Iran
2033:The Cambridge History of Iran
1896:Reaktion Books, 15 feb. 2013
1674:
1407:Davit Bagrationi-batonishvili
1139:. These coins were minted in
735:Turkoman invasions of Georgia
5213:Former Russian protectorates
4678:Russian-occupied territories
4509:Timeline of Georgian history
2573:List of monarchy referendums
2223:. Indiana University Press.
1091:, Heraclius II tendered his
1083:become evident as well that
847:Red Army invasion of Georgia
731:Timurid invasions of Georgia
7:
5258:1762 establishments in Asia
5203:Former monarchies of Europe
1921:A Modern History of Georgia
1526:List of monarchs of Georgia
1101:("governor", "viceroy") of
1037:captured and sacked Tbilisi
715:Mongol invasions of Georgia
639:Umayyad invasion of Georgia
10:
5304:
5238:18th century in Azerbaijan
4237:Christianization of Iberia
2129:Cambridge University Press
2127:. Vol. 7. Cambridge:
2114:
1927:: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1523:
1410:), 1767â1819, as official
1366:
1188:
1065:
723:Kingdom of Western Georgia
607:Christianization of Iberia
579:Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia
5183:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
5134:
5065:
5008:
4873:
4864:
4795:
4786:
4712:
4703:
4676:
4636:
4546:
4537:
4526:
4471:
4410:
4392:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
4365:Principality of Mingrelia
4245:
4169:
4160:
3985:
3894:
3608:
3371:
3305:
3117:
3108:
3004:
2986:
2918:
2833:
2791:
2723:
2637:
2581:
2548:
2497:
2467:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2459:
2419:Principality of Mingrelia
2399:
2344:
2313:
2309:
2251:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2201:. Oneworld Publications.
2161:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.
1771:Eur, Imogen Bell (2002).
1625:
1565:
1333:Cambridge History of Iran
1258:Cambridge History of Iran
1164:physically isolated from
935:
927:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
807:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
791:Principality of Mingrelia
695:Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
595:Arsacid dynasty of Iberia
453:
349:
345:
335:
324:⢠Annexation to the
322:
309:
296:
279:
262:
258:
250:
246:
231:
216:
212:
202:
192:
174:Armenian Apostolic Church
148:
117:
107:
66:
54:
38:
33:
25:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
23:
4646:Administrative divisions
4387:Shah Abbas I's invasions
4350:Principality of Abkhazia
4293:First Kingdom of Kakheti
2710:Self-proclaimed monarchy
2451:Principality of Samtskhe
2424:Principality of Abkhazia
2386:First Kingdom of Kakheti
2014:Penguin UK, 6 nov. 2008
1945:Indiana University Press
1688:P. Singh, Vijay (2015).
1519:
1025:Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
795:Principality of Abkhazia
575:Georgia in the Roman era
157:Georgian Orthodox Church
5233:18th century in Armenia
4355:Principality of Svaneti
4278:Kingdom of the Iberians
4182:ShulaveriâShomu culture
2978:Vatican City (Holy See)
2434:Principality of Svaneti
2197:Perry, John R. (2006).
1692:. Springer. p. 3.
1303:. Gudovich, who sat in
1197:Russo-Iranian relations
787:Principality of Svaneti
699:ByzantineâGeorgian wars
667:Kingdom of the Iberians
515:ShulaveriâShomu culture
108:Official languages
4253:Principality of Iberia
3260:Islands of Refreshment
2690:Legitimacy (political)
2354:Principality of Iberia
1596:Teimuraz II of Kakheti
1385:
1346:declared war on Persia
1278:Catherine II of Russia
1075:
947:kartl-k'akhetis samepo
703:Great Turkish Invasion
635:Principality of Iberia
264:⢠Unification of
4397:1795 Persian Invasion
4360:Principality of Guria
3071:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2660:Criticism of monarchy
2650:Abolition of monarchy
2429:Principality of Guria
2254:at Wikimedia Commons
2088:Tsagareli, A (1902).
1392:, the capital of the
1376:
1340:put the blame on the
1169:that of contemporary
1073:
783:Principality of Guria
162:Orthodox Christianity
92:41.72250°N 44.79250°E
5228:18th century in Iran
4993:World Heritage Sites
4576:Environmental issues
2903:United Arab Emirates
1917:Lang, David Marshall
1110:Treaty of Georgievsk
1023:, had emerged under
1009:Treaty of Georgievsk
936:áĽáá áá-áááŽáááᥠáĄáááá¤á
756:Early modern history
707:GeorgianâSeljuk wars
643:Arab rule in Georgia
587:IberianâArmenian War
300:Treaty of Georgievsk
28:áĽáá áá-áááŽáááᥠáĄáááá¤á
4443:Independent Georgia
4273:Kingdom of Abkhazia
4187:KuraâAraxes culture
4177:Prehistoric Georgia
4099:Trinidad and Tobago
3986:Commonwealth realms
3871:United Baltic Duchy
3014:Antigua and Barbuda
3006:Commonwealth realms
2700:Order of succession
2359:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2217:Suny, Ronald Grigor
2152:. pp. 541â542.
2092:. pp. 287â288.
1965:A history of Persia
1937:Suny, Ronald Grigor
1809:, pp. 108â109.
1746:, pp. 541â542.
1654:Son of Heraclius II
1502:Nakhichevan Khanate
1494:Azerbaijan Republic
1191:Battle of Krtsanisi
1171:enlightened despots
1153:double-headed eagle
1131:-style inscription
1127:on it, or with the
711:Georgian Golden Age
671:Kingdom of Abkhazia
571:Pharnavazid dynasty
519:KuraâAraxes culture
508:Prehistoric Georgia
153:State and majority
88: /
4835:Telecommunications
4463:Russo-Georgian War
4377:Kingdom of Kakheti
4345:Kingdom of Imereti
4340:Turkmen incursions
4335:Samtskhe atabegate
4298:Kingdom of Georgia
4268:Emirate of Tbilisi
4258:Bagrationi dynasty
2446:Kingdom of Kakheti
2414:Kingdom of Imereti
2409:Kingdom of Georgia
2391:Emirate of Tbilisi
2368:Principalities of
2301:states throughout
2056:Fisher et al. 1991
1857:Fisher et al. 1991
1822:Fisher et al. 1991
1486:Treaty of Gulistan
1386:
1076:
1046:of the kingdom by
969:control. In 1744,
859:Russo-Georgian War
855:Georgia since 1991
831:1832 Georgian plot
779:Kingdom of Imereti
775:Kingdom of Kakheti
767:Samtskhe-Saatabago
687:Kingdom of Georgia
659:Bagrationi dynasty
647:Emirate of Tbilisi
583:Campaign of Pompey
490:History of Georgia
392:Kingdom of Kakheti
341:September 12, 1801
285:submission to the
270:Kingdom of Kakheti
118:Regional languages
97:41.72250; 44.79250
5170:
5169:
5130:
5129:
5023:Ethnic minorities
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4860:
4859:
4782:
4781:
4764:Political parties
4727:Foreign relations
4699:
4698:
4524:
4523:
4428:Red Army invasion
4372:Kingdom of Kartli
4330:Timur's invasions
4313:Battle of Didgori
4288:Kingdom of Hereti
4217:Kingdom of Iberia
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
3801:Piedmont-Sardinia
3553:Sip Song Chau Tai
3363:Thirteen Colonies
3104:
3103:
2508:
2507:
2495:
2494:
2472:Republic of Guria
2441:Kingdom of Kartli
2381:Kingdom of Hereti
2248:Media related to
1977:Malcolm, Sir John
1890:Donald Rayfield.
1672:
1671:
1060:Russo-Persian War
921:
920:
771:Kingdom of Kartli
679:Duchy of Kldekari
663:Kingdom of Hereti
655:Duchy of Klarjeti
567:Kingdom of Iberia
523:Legend of Kartlos
475:
474:
449:
448:
445:
444:
411:
410:
378:Kingdom of Kartli
331:December 18, 1800
266:Kingdom of Kartli
233:⢠1798â1800
218:⢠1762â1798
197:Absolute monarchy
165:
5295:
5288:Christian states
5283:Former countries
5150:
5143:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4871:
4870:
4793:
4792:
4710:
4709:
4651:Cities and towns
4586:Greater Caucasus
4544:
4543:
4532:
4494:Military history
4479:Names of Georgia
4325:Mongol invasions
4197:Colchian culture
4192:Trialeti culture
4167:
4166:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4120:
4119:
4040:Irish Free State
3806:PolandâLithuania
3115:
3114:
3066:Papua New Guinea
2796:
2795:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2311:
2310:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2247:
2234:
2212:
2193:
2172:
2153:
2142:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2022:
2006:Michael Axworthy
2003:
1994:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1934:
1928:
1914:
1905:
1888:
1875:
1872:Mikaberidze 2011
1869:
1860:
1854:
1837:
1834:Mikaberidze 2011
1831:
1825:
1819:
1810:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1668:
1667:
1651:28 December 1800
1644:
1640:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1611:
1610:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1567:
1530:
1529:
1506:Lankaran Khanate
1435:Paul I of Russia
1394:Karabakh khanate
1266:the part of the
1149:Imperial Russian
951:eastern Georgian
948:
945:
938:
937:
897:Military history
871:History by topic
603:Chosroid dynasty
531:Colchian culture
527:Trialeti culture
500:
477:
476:
441:
440:
427:
426:
415:
414:
402:
401:
388:
387:
374:
373:
367:
366:
351:
350:
242:
227:
159:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
59:
45:
21:
20:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5126:
5061:
5004:
4978:Public holidays
4856:
4820:Lari (currency)
4778:
4749:Law enforcement
4695:
4672:
4632:
4611:Protected areas
4596:Lesser Caucasus
4533:
4520:
4467:
4458:Rose Revolution
4453:War in Abkhazia
4438:April 9 tragedy
4406:
4382:Safavid Georgia
4241:
4232:Sasanian Iberia
4156:
4147:
4117:
4108:
4033:princely states
3981:
3917:Kingdom of Fiji
3890:
3636:Austria-Hungary
3604:
3367:
3301:
3100:
3086:Solomon Islands
3000:
2982:
2914:
2829:
2787:
2719:
2665:Democratization
2633:
2577:
2544:
2539:
2509:
2504:
2491:
2455:
2401:
2395:
2364:Bagratid Iberia
2346:
2340:
2305:
2296:
2262:
2241:
2231:
2209:
2199:Karim Khan Zand
2190:
2169:
2139:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2086:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2043:
2029:
2025:
2004:
1997:
1985:, pp. 189-191.
1975:
1971:
1967:, Vol. 2, p.293
1962:
1958:
1935:
1931:
1915:
1908:
1889:
1878:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1792:
1785:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1662:
1648:11 January 1798
1642:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1605:
1591:11 January 1798
1582:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1528:
1522:
1428:Darejan (Darya)
1371:
1365:
1327:in 1796 in the
1193:
1187:
1161:
1159:Court and reign
1137:Karim Khan Zand
1085:Karim Khan Zand
1068:
963:Peace of Amasya
940:
923:
922:
917:
916:
872:
864:
863:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
835:Gurian Republic
833:
829:
822:
812:
811:
805:
801:
799:Safavid Georgia
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
758:
748:
747:
741:
739:Duchy of Aragvi
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
675:Theme of Iberia
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
612:
611:
605:
601:
599:Sasanian Iberia
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
552:Ancient history
544:
543:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
468:
464:
460:
438:
424:
399:
385:
371:
338:
328:
315:
302:
289:
272:
240:
234:
225:
219:
188:
166:
155:
144:
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
73:
62:
50:
49:
46:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5301:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5152:
5151:
5144:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5025:
5020:
5014:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4830:Stock Exchange
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4774:Prime Minister
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4606:National parks
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4303:Byzantine wars
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4037:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:Ottoman Empire
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3751:Kartli-Kakheti
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
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3267:
3262:
3257:
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3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Central Africa
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3096:United Kingdom
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3046:
3041:
3036:
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2975:
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2955:
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2913:
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2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2753:Prince regnant
2750:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Decolonization
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2624:Personal union
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2594:Constitutional
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2546:
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2397:
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2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2307:
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2295:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2240:
2239:External links
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:978-0253209153
2229:
2213:
2208:978-1851684359
2207:
2194:
2188:
2173:
2168:978-1598843361
2167:
2154:
2143:
2137:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2095:
2080:
2060:
2058:, p. 329.
2041:
2023:
1995:
1969:
1956:
1929:
1906:
1876:
1874:, p. 409.
1861:
1859:, p. 328.
1838:
1836:, p. 327.
1826:
1824:, p. 327.
1811:
1790:
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1760:
1748:
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1669:
1660:
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1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:(aged 54)
1632:
1630:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1588:8 January 1762
1586:
1585:(aged 77)
1572:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1524:Main article:
1521:
1518:
1514:Ottoman Empire
1443:St. Petersburg
1367:Main article:
1364:
1361:
1350:Valerian Zubov
1301:St. Petersburg
1189:Main article:
1186:
1185:Qajar invasion
1183:
1175:Central Europe
1160:
1157:
1067:
1064:
1052:Russian Empire
1013:Russian Empire
919:
918:
915:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
873:
870:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
823:
820:Modern history
818:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
803:Childir Eyalet
763:Duchy of Ksani
759:
754:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
691:Duchy of Racha
623:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
555:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
511:
506:
505:
502:
501:
493:
492:
486:
485:
473:
472:
455:
451:
450:
447:
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443:
442:
435:
429:
428:
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419:Russian Empire
412:
409:
408:
403:
395:
394:
389:
381:
380:
375:
363:
362:
357:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
336:
333:
332:
329:
326:Russian Empire
323:
320:
319:
316:
313:Qajar invasion
310:
307:
306:
303:
297:
294:
293:
290:
280:
277:
276:
273:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
248:
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244:
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220:
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109:
105:
104:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
47:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
30:
27:
24:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5300:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
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5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
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5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5121:
5118:
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5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:Bolnisi cross
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
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5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
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4947:
4944:
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4925:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4905:
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4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
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4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
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4863:
4853:
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4826:
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4772:
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4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4691:South Ossetia
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4664:
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4309:
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4299:
4296:
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4264:
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4017:
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3999:
3996:
3994:
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3990:
3988:
3984:
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3975:
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3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Easter Island
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
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3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:Jabal Shammar
3449:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Liechtenstein
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2746:Queen regnant
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:Republicanism
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:Head of state
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:Non-sovereign
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2502:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:Modern period
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:High and Late
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2253:
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2246:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2189:9780521200950
2185:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2077:0-85011-029-7
2074:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1953:0-253-20915-3
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1784:1-85743-137-5
1780:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1758:, p. 96.
1757:
1752:
1745:
1744:Hitchins 1998
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1715:, p. 55.
1714:
1709:
1701:
1699:9783319054131
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1666:
1661:
1659:
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1653:
1650:
1647:
1633:
1623:
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1573:
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1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:heir apparent
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1382:Franz Roubaud
1379:
1375:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1355:
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1334:
1330:
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1234:
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1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1156:
1154:
1151:(such as the
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:Qajar dynasty
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
988:
986:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
943:
932:
928:
913:
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908:
905:
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888:
885:
883:
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868:
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824:
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764:
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736:
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724:
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716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
624:
621:
616:
615:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
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572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
556:
553:
548:
547:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:
512:
509:
504:
503:
499:
495:
494:
491:
488:
487:
483:
479:
478:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:
454:Today part of
452:
436:
434:
431:
430:
422:
420:
417:
416:
413:
407:
406:Afsharid Iran
404:
397:
396:
393:
390:
383:
382:
379:
376:
369:
368:
365:
364:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
344:
340:
334:
330:
327:
321:
317:
314:
308:
305:July 24, 1783
304:
301:
295:
291:
288:
284:
278:
274:
271:
267:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
236:
230:
224:
221:
215:
211:
207:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
169:
163:
158:
154:
151:
147:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
122:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
101:
72:
69:
65:
58:
53:
44:
37:
32:
22:
5103:Saint George
5088:Coat of arms
5054:
5010:Demographics
4997:
4883:Architecture
4849:
4805:Central bank
4737:Human rights
4717:Constitution
4665:
4638:Subdivisions
4625:
4513:
4423:Armenian War
4391:
4089:South Africa
4084:Sierra Leone
4031:
3861:Two Sicilies
3796:Papal States
3750:
3596:
3535:
3428:
3294:
3054:Cook Islands
2907:
2893:Saudi Arabia
2822:
2482:Georgian SSR
2466:
2263:(in English)
2250:
2242:
2220:
2198:
2178:
2158:
2148:
2123:
2089:
2083:
2068:
2063:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2010:
1981:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1940:
1932:
1920:
1892:
1829:
1773:
1751:
1708:
1689:
1683:
1643:(1800-12-28)
1616:
1583:(1798-01-11)
1558:Heraclius II
1556:
1480:army at the
1466:
1458:assassinated
1451:
1432:
1405:
1387:
1377:
1332:
1329:Mughan plain
1322:
1313:
1286:
1274:
1272:of Georgia.
1267:
1256:
1226:
1194:
1162:
1132:
1122:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1077:
1041:
1029:
1017:protectorate
1004:
1001:Zand dynasty
996:
989:
982:
979:Heraclius II
953:kingdoms of
926:
924:
806:
651:Duchy of Tao
563:Aryan Kartli
360:Succeeded by
359:
354:
287:Zand dynasty
282:
223:Heraclius II
167:
152:
140:Pontic Greek
48:Coat of arms
5045:Health care
4800:Agriculture
4571:Earthquakes
4308:Seljuk wars
4028:British Raj
4000:(Sri Lanka)
3886:WĂźrttemberg
3598:South Yemen
3486:Maguindanao
3379:Afghanistan
3140:Barotseland
3076:Saint Lucia
3049:New Zealand
2958:Netherlands
2731:Chhatrapati
2715:Sovereignty
2655:Aristocracy
2402:Middle Ages
2347:Middle Ages
1991:John Murray
1539:Reign start
1482:Zagam river
1462:Alexander I
1179:aristocracy
1145:iconography
1050:within the
975:Teimuraz II
627:Iberian War
620:Middle Ages
355:Preceded by
130:Azerbaijani
95: /
5177:Categories
5115:Saint Nino
4943:Mingrelian
4924:Languages
4759:Parliament
4732:Government
4320:Golden Age
4094:Tanganyika
4009:The Gambia
3937:NiuÄ-Fekai
3876:Yugoslavia
3776:Montenegro
3583:Upper Yafa
3578:Upper Asir
3215:Madagascar
2948:Luxembourg
2680:Government
2645:Abdication
2614:Hereditary
2542:Monarchies
2138:0521200954
2071:, page 59
2020:0141903414
1902:1780230702
1807:Perry 2006
1756:Perry 1991
1675:References
1658:Bagrationi
1637:1746-11-10
1626:áááá áá XII
1618:George XII
1601:Bagrationi
1577:1720-11-07
1439:Bagrationi
1424:succession
1398:George XII
1309:Solomon II
1305:Georgievsk
1289:Aras River
1201:Mazandaran
1125:Ismail III
1089:Azerbaijan
1056:George XII
1044:annexation
992:suzerainty
971:Nader Shah
912:Chronology
462:Azerbaijan
433:Qajar Iran
238:George XII
193:Government
184:Shia Islam
83:44°47â˛33âłE
80:41°43â˛21âłN
5028:Georgians
5018:Education
4968:Mythology
4845:Transport
4810:Companies
4769:President
4722:Elections
4621:Volcanoes
4561:Black Sea
4539:Geography
4448:Civil War
4263:Arab rule
4227:Roman era
4064:Mauritius
3957:Rarotonga
3942:Nuku Hiva
3932:Mangareva
3907:Bora Bora
3786:Neuchâtel
3756:Lithuania
3661:Catalonia
3548:Sri Lanka
3501:Manchukuo
3476:Kurdistan
3430:Indonesia
3353:Talamanca
3313:AraucanĂa
3296:and other
3275:Wassoulou
3019:Australia
2695:Oligarchy
2314:Antiquity
1963:P.Sykes,
1943:, p. 59.
1923:, p. 38.
1713:Suny 1994
1566:áá áááá II
1542:Reign end
1474:1826â1828
1470:1804â1813
1402:Tsarevich
1342:Georgians
1331:. As the
1282:ultimatum
1255:. As the
1217:Black Sea
1213:Catherine
1207:. Unlike
1103:Gorjestan
1011:with the
942:romanized
877:Etymology
631:Lazic War
292:1762â1763
149:Religion
34:1762â1801
5157:Category
5083:Borjgali
5038:Diaspora
4983:Religion
4929:Georgian
4920:Gambling
4878:Alphabet
4754:Military
4705:Politics
4686:Abkhazia
4581:Glaciers
4484:Monarchs
4472:By topic
4154:articles
4079:Rhodesia
4074:Pakistan
3993:Barbados
3962:Rimatara
3952:Rapa Iti
3881:Valencia
3856:Tavolara
3846:Scotland
3811:Portugal
3771:Moldavia
3656:Bulgaria
3651:Brittany
3626:Asturias
3506:Mongolia
3496:Maldives
3358:Trinidad
3348:Suriname
3306:Americas
3290:Zimbabwe
3285:Zanzibar
3270:Wituland
3245:Ngazidja
3240:Ndzuwani
3175:Ethiopia
2898:Thailand
2878:Malaysia
2858:Cambodia
2808:Eswatini
2604:Elective
2589:Absolute
2374:Klarjeti
2299:Georgian
2219:(1994).
1979:(1829),
1939:(1994),
1919:(1962),
1536:Lifespan
1490:Dagestan
1454:annexing
1338:Gudovich
1253:Khorasan
1249:Safavids
1233:Caucasus
1203:or even
1133:ya karim
1032:Caucasus
1005:de facto
984:de facto
931:Georgian
882:Monarchs
482:a series
480:Part of
168:Minority
125:Armenian
112:Georgian
5193:Kakheti
5141:Outline
5066:Symbols
4903:Cuisine
4866:Culture
4840:Tourism
4788:Economy
4661:Regions
4656:Tbilisi
4601:Mammals
4566:Climate
4551:Borders
4504:Battles
4212:Colchis
4207:Diauehi
4162:History
4150:Georgia
4069:Nigeria
4044:Ireland
3972:Tahuata
3947:Raiatea
3927:Huahine
3902:Abemama
3895:Oceania
3866:Tuscany
3821:Romania
3816:Prussia
3781:Navarre
3761:Majorca
3741:Ireland
3736:Imereti
3731:Iceland
3726:Hungary
3721:Hanover
3716:Granada
3706:Germany
3701:Georgia
3696:Galicia
3686:Finland
3676:Corsica
3671:Cilicia
3641:Bavaria
3631:Austria
3616:Albania
3588:Vietnam
3531:Sarawak
3521:Qu'aiti
3456:Kathiri
3419:Dapitan
3394:Bukhara
3343:Miskito
3265:Tunisia
3255:Shilluk
3165:Dahomey
3155:Burundi
3145:Bagirmi
3125:Adamawa
3044:Jamaica
3039:Grenada
3024:Bahamas
2988:Oceania
2938:Denmark
2933:Belgium
2928:Andorra
2843:Bahrain
2818:Morocco
2813:Lesotho
2792:Current
2783:Pharaoh
2736:Emperor
2675:Dynasty
2629:Regency
2609:Federal
2599:Diarchy
2553:Monarch
2487:Georgia
2326:Colchis
2321:Diauehi
2303:history
2115:Sources
1594:Son of
1498:Armenia
1478:Iranian
1447:Romanov
1416:Tbilisi
1404:David (
1317:Imereti
1241:Isfahan
1209:Peter I
1141:Tbilisi
1093:de jure
1066:History
997:de jure
967:Iranian
959:Kakheti
907:Battles
892:Tbilisi
559:Colchis
535:Diauehi
466:Georgia
458:Armenia
311:â˘
298:â˘
283:De jure
281:â˘
251:History
226:(first)
179:Judaism
135:Persian
71:Tbilisi
67:Capital
5188:Kartli
5162:Portal
5073:Anthem
4988:Sports
4898:Cinema
4893:Chokha
4825:Mining
4815:Energy
4616:Rivers
4489:States
4411:Modern
4246:Middle
4222:Lazica
4202:Mushki
4152:
4104:Uganda
4054:Malawi
4019:Guyana
3998:Ceylon
3977:Tahiti
3967:Rurutu
3922:Hawaii
3851:Serbia
3836:Saxony
3826:Russia
3711:Greece
3691:France
3681:Cyprus
3666:Crimea
3646:Bosnia
3621:Aragon
3609:Europe
3573:Taiwan
3543:Sikkim
3526:Ryukyu
3511:Najran
3409:Chehab
3389:Bengal
3338:Mexico
3323:Brazil
3250:Rwanda
3230:Maravi
3130:Ankole
3118:Africa
3110:Former
3091:Tuvalu
3034:Canada
3029:Belize
2973:Sweden
2963:Norway
2953:Monaco
2920:Europe
2873:Kuwait
2868:Jordan
2853:Brunei
2848:Bhutan
2800:Africa
2773:Sultan
2724:Titles
2638:Topics
2372:&
2336:Lazica
2331:Iberia
2227:
2205:
2186:
2165:
2135:
2075:
2018:
1987:London
1951:
1925:London
1900:
1781:
1696:
1548:Family
1504:, the
1500:, the
1390:Shusha
1384:, 1886
1357:Paul I
1293:Erivan
1245:Tabriz
1243:, and
1237:Shiraz
1229:Qajars
1166:Europe
1114:Russia
1048:Paul I
955:Kartli
933::
887:States
591:Lazica
539:Mushki
484:on the
470:Russia
254:
241:(last)
208:
5148:Index
5120:cross
5108:cross
5098:Motto
5050:Women
4973:Names
4963:Music
4958:Media
4915:Dance
4591:Lakes
4556:Birds
4170:Early
4059:Malta
4049:Kenya
4024:India
4014:Ghana
3841:Savoy
3831:Samos
3746:Italy
3593:Yemen
3568:Tibet
3563:Syria
3516:Nepal
3491:Mahra
3471:Kumul
3466:Korea
3461:Khiva
3440:Qajar
3424:Hejaz
3414:China
3399:Burma
3328:Haiti
3318:Aztec
3235:Mwali
3225:Maore
3205:Libya
3200:Kongo
3195:Kaffa
3190:Gumma
3185:Gomma
3180:Ghana
3170:Egypt
3150:Bornu
3135:Aussa
2996:Tonga
2968:Spain
2888:Qatar
2863:Japan
2345:Early
1904:p 255
1551:Image
1545:Notes
1520:Kings
1510:IÄdÄąr
1420:reign
1380:, by
1297:Ganja
1205:Gilan
1112:with
1080:khans
5093:Flag
5056:more
5033:List
4999:more
4950:Svan
4908:Wine
4851:more
4742:LGBT
4667:more
4627:more
4515:more
4499:Wars
4004:Fiji
3558:Sulu
3537:Shan
3481:Laos
3446:Iraq
3436:Iran
3404:Cebu
3384:Asir
3372:Asia
3333:Inca
3280:Yeke
3220:Mali
3210:Luba
3059:Niue
2909:list
2883:Oman
2835:Asia
2824:list
2778:Shah
2768:Tsar
2763:khan
2758:Raja
2741:King
2582:Type
2225:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2163:ISBN
2133:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1533:Name
1508:and
1472:and
1354:Tsar
1325:Shah
1295:and
1269:vali
1263:Fars
1129:Zand
1118:Iran
1098:vali
957:and
925:The
902:Wars
318:1795
275:1762
268:and
204:King
4936:Laz
4888:Art
3766:Man
2370:Tao
1222:war
1173:in
5179::
4042:/
4030:,
2131:.
2098:^
2044:^
2008:.
1998:^
1989::
1947:,
1909:^
1879:^
1864:^
1841:^
1814:^
1793:^
1763:^
1720:^
1516:.
1284:.
1239:,
1211:,
939:,
4142:e
4135:t
4128:v
4036:)
4026:(
3601:)
3595:(
3442:)
3438:(
2534:e
2527:t
2520:v
2291:e
2284:t
2277:v
2261:â
2233:.
2211:.
2192:.
2171:.
2141:.
1993:.
1787:.
1702:.
1639:)
1635:(
1579:)
1575:(
944::
929:(
164:)
160:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
