679:
1692:
67:
613:
119:
3171:
1513:
3179:
1918:
1907:
110:
1525:
685:
627:
79:
1712:
1729:
4690:
1700:
1841:, and the shogunate—to make Ryukyu seem as much a distinctive and foreign country as possible. Japanese were prohibited from visiting Ryukyu without shogunal permission, and the Ryukyuans were forbidden from adopting Japanese names, clothes, or customs. They were even forbidden from divulging their knowledge of the Japanese language during their trips to Edo; the Shimazu family,
1588:, "sea bans"), limiting trade with China to tributary states and those with formal authorization, along with the accompanying preferential treatment of the Ming Court towards Ryukyu, allowed the kingdom to flourish and prosper for roughly 150 years. In the late 16th century, however, the kingdom's commercial prosperity fell into decline. The rise of the
1864:, China had a special relationship with the island and the Ryukyu had paid tribute to China for hundreds of years, and the Chinese reserved certain trade rights for them in an amicable and beneficial relationship. Japan ordered tributary relations to end in 1875 after the tribute mission of 1874 was perceived as a show of submission to China.
1344:
period. Hokuzan, which constituted much of the northern half of the island, was the largest in terms of land area and military strength but was economically the weakest of the three. Nanzan constituted the southern portion of the island. Chūzan lay in the center of the island and was economically the
1836:
and those of the shogunate, in trading with China. Ryukyu was a tributary state of China, and since Japan had no formal diplomatic relations with China, it was essential that China not realize that Ryukyu was controlled by Japan. Thus, Satsuma—and the shogunate—was obliged to be mostly hands-off in
1372:
expressed horror when the
Ryukyuans castrated some of their own children to become eunuchs to serve in the Ming imperial palace. Emperor Yongle said that the boys who were castrated were innocent and did not deserve castration, and he returned them to Ryukyu, and instructed the kingdom not to send
1376:
These three principalities (tribal federations led by major chieftains) battled, and Chūzan emerged victorious. The Chūzan leaders were officially recognized by Ming dynasty China as the rightful kings over those of Nanzan and
Hokuzan, thus lending great legitimacy to their claims. The ruler of
1788:
Since Ming China prohibited trade with Japan, the
Satsuma domain, with the blessing of the Tokugawa shogunate, used the trade relations of the kingdom to continue to maintain trade relations with China. Considering that Japan had previously severed ties with most European countries except
1666:(modern-day Tokyo). To avoid giving the Qing any reason for military action against Japan, the king was released two years later and the Ryukyu Kingdom regained a degree of autonomy. However, the Satsuma domain seized control over some territory of the Ryukyu Kingdom, notably the
1654:
took place in 1609, but
Satsuma still allowed the Ryukyu Kingdom to find itself in a period of "dual subordination" to Japan and China, wherein Ryukyuan tributary relations were maintained with both the Tokugawa shogunate and the Chinese court.
1472:
in
Beijing, and formally recognized the authority of the King of Chūzan, allowing the kingdom to trade formally at Ming ports. Ryukyuan ships, often provided by China, traded at ports throughout the region, which included, among others, China,
1368:'s reign. Many Ryukyuan officials were descended from these Chinese immigrants, being born in China or having Chinese grandfathers. They assisted the Ryukyuans in advancing their technology and diplomatic relations. On 30 January 1406, the
1952:. Many royalist supporters fled to China. The king's death in 1901 diminished the historic connections with the former kingdom. With the abolition of the aristocracy after World War II, the Sho family continues to live in Tokyo.
1377:
Chūzan passed his throne to King Hashi; Hashi conquered
Hokuzan in 1416 and Nanzan in 1429, uniting the island of Okinawa for the first time, and founded the first Shō dynasty. Hashi was granted the surname "Shō" (Chinese:
1785:(the China's dynasty that followed Ming after 1644) were formally approved by the shogunate. This was seen to be justified, in part, because of the desire to avoid giving Qing any reason for military action against Japan.
1573:, an official record of diplomatic documents compiled by the kingdom, as having taken place between 1424 and the 1630s, with 61 of them bound for Siam, 10 for Malacca, 10 for Pattani, and 8 for Java, among others.
1467:
China, begun by Chūzan in 1372, and enjoyed by the three
Okinawan kingdoms which followed it. China provided ships for Ryukyu's maritime trade activities, allowed a limited number of Ryukyuans to study at the
1793:, such trade relations proved especially crucial to both the Tokugawa shogunate and Satsuma domain, which would use its power and influence, gained in this way, to help overthrow the shogunate in the 1860s.
1435:, were incorporated into the kingdom as well. While the kingdom's political system was adopted and the authority of Shuri recognized, in the Amami Ōshima Islands, the kingdom's authority over the
4581:(dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Hawaii in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, January 1967), Gushikawa: Yui Pub.,
4053:
1837:
terms of not visibly or forcibly occupying Ryukyu or controlling the policies and laws there. The situation benefited all three parties involved—the Ryukyu royal government, the
Satsuma
118:
1353:, and Kume-mura, the center of traditional Chinese education. These sites and Chūzan as a whole would continue to form the center of the Ryukyu Kingdom until its abolition.
641:
588:
574:
560:
1416:, who was a grandson of Shō Hashi, died without a male heir, a palatine servant declared he was Toku's adopted son and gained Chinese investiture. This pretender,
988:
6617:
1816:(大仮屋) at Shuri in 1628, and became the base of Ryukyu domination for 250 years, until 1872. The Satsuma Domain's residents can be roughly compared to a European
978:
6763:
1849:
to have a king and an entire kingdom as vassals, Satsuma gained significantly from Ryukyu's exoticness, reinforcing that it was an entirely separate kingdom.
1832:
part of Edo Japan. Though technically under the control of
Satsuma, Ryukyu was given a great degree of autonomy, to best serve the interests of the Satsuma
6758:
4440:
1594:
threat among other factors led to the gradual loss of
Chinese preferential treatment; the kingdom also suffered from increased maritime competition from
3499:
3652:. Vol. 4 of East Asian economic and socio-cultural studies: East Asian maritime history (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz. p. xiii.
4758:
3481:
1845:
of Satsuma, gained great prestige by putting on a show of parading the King, officials, and other people of Ryukyu to and through Edo. As the only
1356:
Many Chinese people moved to Ryukyu to serve the government or to engage in business during this period . At the request of the Ryukyuan King, the
3531:
4892:
4598:
3257:
1113:
6733:
4701:
1543:—and Chinese products—medicinal herbs, minted coins, glazed ceramics, brocades, textiles—were traded within the kingdom for Southeast Asian
6728:
5665:
5493:
5408:
5147:
1427:
The kingdom extended its authority over the southernmost islands in the Ryukyu archipelago by the end of the 15th century, and by 1571 the
919:
909:
1620:
1166:
4723:
929:
4809:
4339:
5562:
4206:. Vol. 29: October 1, 1878 – September 30, 1880 (illustrated ed.). SIU Press, Ulysses S. Grant Association. p. 165.
1826:(fief): up until the formal annexation of the islands and abolition of the kingdom in 1879, the Ryukyus were not truly considered
6768:
6753:
5880:
3537:
3187:
1670:
island group, which was incorporated into the Satsuma domain and remains a part of Kagoshima Prefecture, not Okinawa Prefecture.
1048:
701:
6723:
5152:
2231:
5932:
5487:
4640:
4211:
3815:
3725:
3657:
3252:
1995:
1123:
724:
714:
5897:
6748:
5117:
4510:
1388:
6385:
3242:
3192:
1108:
4612:
Okamoto, Hiromichi (2008), "Foreign Policy and Maritime Trade in the Early Ming Period Focusing on the Ryukyu Kingdom",
6390:
4489:
3568:
2201:
1854 – Perry returns to Okinawa to sign the Loochoo Compact with the Ryukyuan government. Bettelheim leaves with Perry.
5655:
4671:
4586:
3691:
3623:
1768:
678:
17:
6200:
1928:
1886:. At the same time, the appearance of independence was maintained for diplomatic reasons with Qing China until the
1623:. If successful, Hideyoshi intended to then move against China. As the Ryukyu Kingdom was a tributary state of the
1038:
998:
5598:
5142:
4694:
3686:. Contributions in economics and economic history. Vol. 212 (illustrated ed.). Greenwood. p. 125.
1746:
1159:
4412:
1808:, after Shimazu's Ryukyu invasion in 1609, the Satsuma Clan established a governmental office's branch known as
6177:
5680:
3222:
1894:
on 27 March 1879. The Amami-Ōshima island group which had been integrated into Satsuma Domain became a part of
1750:
6014:
4802:
3506:
3202:
1822:
1691:
1278:
670:
66:
3455:
Nanzan and Hokuzan also entered into tributary relationships with Ming China, in 1380 and 1383 respectively.
6668:
5650:
5638:
5157:
4536:
3227:
1133:
3564:
6531:
6445:
6340:
6255:
6172:
5670:
5542:
5397:
3247:
1118:
215:
1567:. Altogether, 150 voyages between the kingdom and Southeast Asia on Ryukyuan ships were recorded in the
6678:
6593:
6182:
6080:
4663:
3542:
1152:
6370:
1076:
6743:
6648:
6335:
6270:
6260:
6245:
5580:
5527:
5437:
2235:
2183:, arrives in Ryukyu Kingdom. He establishes the first foreign hospital on the island at the Naminoue
1455:
For nearly two hundred years, the Ryukyu Kingdom would thrive as a key player in maritime trade with
1188:
143:
6470:
3790:
2086:, whose rule is called the "Great Days of Chūzan", ascends to the throne. Golden age of the kingdom.
1679:
6738:
6090:
6070:
6035:
5988:
5942:
5294:
5110:
4795:
4632:
4344:
3934:
3324:
3237:
1794:
1790:
1704:
1128:
2245:, formally annexing the islands. Shō Tai is forced to abdicate, but is granted the rank of marquis
78:
6718:
6713:
5968:
5660:
5643:
5633:
5608:
5452:
5178:
4707:
4557:
2176:
1873:
1739:
891:
530:
6688:
6603:
6450:
6162:
6095:
5963:
5912:
5844:
5744:
5734:
5532:
5467:
5274:
5203:
3217:
3212:
4201:
4025:
3768:
3681:
3613:
6673:
6653:
6633:
6496:
6460:
6415:
6360:
6152:
6147:
5922:
5869:
5694:
5603:
5572:
5512:
5462:
5244:
5234:
4250:
4247:
4009:
3777:
3715:
3647:
3591:
3270:
3207:
2180:
1018:
5824:
4963:
4732:
4388:
857:
6658:
6577:
6541:
6491:
6350:
6275:
6060:
5937:
5729:
5504:
5482:
5477:
5442:
5384:
4787:
3752:. Working Paper Series (93). Asia Research Institute National University of Singapore: 75.
1895:
1647:
1486:
5046:
4915:
3071:
847:
8:
6683:
6628:
6465:
6455:
6440:
6430:
6395:
6325:
6240:
6210:
6157:
5874:
5628:
5623:
5522:
5517:
5284:
5239:
5198:
5103:
2184:
1469:
943:
526:
1459:
and East Asia. Central to the kingdom's maritime activities was the continuation of the
6582:
6405:
6400:
6365:
6345:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6285:
6280:
6225:
6132:
5978:
5849:
5739:
5719:
5675:
5618:
5613:
5590:
5557:
5547:
5537:
5419:
4135:
4127:
4081:
4073:
3961:
3953:
3649:
The East Asian maritime world 1400–1800: its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges
2242:
2110:
1999:
1891:
1651:
1628:
1616:
1610:
1262:
1258:
1240:
1062:
1008:
871:
504:
478:
207:
124:
6608:
6598:
6561:
6435:
6420:
6295:
6265:
6235:
6230:
6205:
6142:
6137:
6127:
5998:
5947:
5834:
5829:
5552:
5188:
5173:
4667:
4646:
4636:
4582:
4565:
4561:
4540:
4516:
4506:
4485:
4302:
4207:
4139:
4085:
3965:
3821:
3811:
3763:
3721:
3687:
3653:
3619:
3367:
3315:
3297:
2587:
2289:
2090:
1817:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1436:
1212:
952:
225:
211:
1715:
Traditional Ryukyuan clothes in late period, which were much closer to the Japanese
6624:
6588:
6506:
6330:
6100:
6045:
6008:
5983:
5973:
5907:
5859:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5759:
5754:
5447:
5193:
4154:"The Satsuma clan of Japan maintained a local office charged with governing Ryukyu"
4119:
4108:"Early Meiji Policies Towards the Ryukyus and the Taiwanese Aboriginal Territories"
4065:
3943:
3753:
3396:
2227:
2191:
2129:
1887:
1861:
1216:
103:
4731:, Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau (OCVBOkinawaFilmOffice), archived from
3883:
2150:
6501:
6250:
6220:
6215:
6075:
6065:
6030:
6020:
6003:
5839:
5794:
5709:
5427:
5402:
5249:
4948:
4867:
4826:
4626:
4500:
4021:
3356:
3275:
3170:
2692:
2532:
2393:
1494:
1440:
1420:, began the Second Shō dynasty. Ryukyu's golden age occurred during the reign of
1254:
761:
606:
380:
258:
182:
4976:
4938:
4281:
3178:
2762:
2648:
2159:
1711:
1569:
1428:
6643:
6425:
6410:
6375:
6115:
5993:
5927:
5799:
5457:
5432:
5337:
5254:
5208:
5074:
4844:
4818:
4528:
4457:
3439:
3336:
3232:
2510:
2349:
2275:
2125:
2103:
2047:
2028:
1674:
1632:
1512:
1506:
1456:
1369:
1365:
1346:
1289:
1232:
1224:
1200:
1196:
1184:
751:
620:
275:
229:
197:
174:
4943:
4123:
3825:
3587:
2670:
2141:
1917:
1906:
6707:
6290:
6055:
6050:
5472:
5330:
5289:
5269:
5084:
4882:
4872:
4773:
4760:
4660:
Visions of Ryukyu: identity and ideology in early-modern thought and politics
4520:
4153:
2466:
2415:
2371:
2220:
2212:
2121:
2039:
1991:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1883:
1879:
1667:
1524:
1332:
1250:
1208:
1204:
881:
785:
737:
707:
684:
634:
491:
155:
128:
109:
5819:
5016:
4650:
2939:
1990:
envoy visits Okinawa, which had been divided into three kingdoms during the
1474:
1412:
and the town as his capital, and constructed Naha harbor. When in 1469 King
6380:
5902:
5864:
5764:
5347:
4933:
4854:
4544:
4282:"The Ryukyus and Taiwan in the East Asian Seas: A Longue Durée Perspective"
4256:
3805:
2626:
2069:
2051:
1987:
1857:
1853:
1782:
1624:
1564:
1529:
1517:
1464:
1409:
1357:
1228:
1192:
771:
522:
242:
170:
163:
147:
84:
4928:
4569:
4447:(沖縄入門, "Introduction to Okinawa"). Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō, 2000, pp. 207–13.
4156:. Naha City Economic and Tourism Department Tourism Division. 29 June 2018
3885:
2603:
2554:
2024:
1392:
303:
6612:
6121:
5917:
5809:
5804:
5724:
5315:
5299:
5051:
5006:
4862:
4839:
3758:
3749:
3093:
2895:
2327:
2205:
2107:
1643:
1640:
1432:
730:
5036:
4981:
4953:
4131:
4107:
3027:
2784:
2714:
2083:
1658:
Occupation occurred fairly quickly, with some fierce fighting, and King
1650:)—to send an expeditionary force to conquer the Ryukyus. The subsequent
1421:
1413:
315:
6167:
6105:
6024:
5264:
5229:
4877:
4749:
4077:
3957:
3443:
2444:
2168:
1753: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1548:
1544:
5061:
5056:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5011:
5001:
4991:
4986:
3137:
3115:
3005:
2983:
2961:
2917:
2872:
2828:
2806:
2216:
2114:
1949:
1659:
339:
327:
6526:
6516:
6085:
5392:
5279:
1820:
in a protectorate. But the kingdom was not considered as part of any
1556:
1498:
1220:
1028:
440:
5041:
4996:
4971:
4923:
4069:
3948:
3929:
3049:
2850:
2736:
2226:
1874 – The last tributary envoy to China is dispatched from Naha. /
2133:
2098:
2076:
2020:
1798:
1728:
1636:
1417:
1306:
809:
579:
6663:
6546:
6536:
6355:
5854:
5126:
4175:
3264:
1890:
abolished the Ryukyu Kingdom when the islands were incorporated as
1598:
1595:
1444:
268:
238:
4311:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
2241:
1879 – Japan abolishes Ryukyu Domain and declares the creation of
1540:
1424:, the second king of that dynasty, who reigned from 1478 to 1526.
6556:
6511:
6486:
6040:
5749:
5367:
5320:
5259:
5183:
5137:
4834:
3538:
Department of History – University of California at Santa Barbara
2305:
2195:
2062:
2032:
1962:
1828:
1536:
1460:
1293:
1245:
799:
565:
253:
2120:
1611 – In accordance with the peace treaty, Satsuma annexes the
6638:
6551:
5814:
5714:
5357:
5213:
4689:
4027:
San kokf tsou ran to sets, ou Aperçu général des trois royaumes
3683:
Maritime sector, institutions, and sea power of premodern China
3197:
3156:
2890:
ruled during Satsuma invasion; first king to be Satsuma vassal
2262:
2043:
2013:
2009:
Kingdom, resulting in diplomatic ties between the two kingdoms.
2006:
1944:
1716:
1578:
1408:
Shō Hashi adopted the Chinese hierarchical court system, built
1361:
1319:
1266:
819:
593:
419:
391:
351:
246:
234:
4750:
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
4502:
East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute
4176:"Nakahara Zenshu: Character and Weapons of the Ryukyu Kingdom"
3890:
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
2179:(d. 1870), a Hungarian Protestant missionary serving with the
1699:
1364:
to manage oceanic dealings in the kingdom in 1392, during the
5095:
4905:
4900:
3720:(illustrated ed.). Leuven University Press. p. 39.
3646:
Schottenhammer, Angela (2007). Schottenhammer, Angela (ed.).
2488:
2198:
visits the kingdom and establishes a coaling station in Naha.
1939:
1590:
1560:
1482:
1236:
659:
4817:
4054:"The Satsuma-Ryukyu Trade and the Tokugawa Seclusion Policy"
6521:
5362:
5352:
5342:
5325:
4606:, Tokyo: The Tōhō Gakkai (The Institute of Eastern Culture)
4458:"Lew Chew (Loochoo)* - Countries - Office of the Historian"
3884:
Okinawa Prefectural reserve cultural assets center (2012).
3485:
2055:
1350:
4752:, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
1983:
1276 – Mongols are violently driven off the island again.
1663:
1552:
3908:
3906:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
1265:, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new
4227:
3717:
The Origins of Banana-fibre Cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan
1631:
that emerged following Hideyoshi's fall authorized the
3810:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 137.
3329:
3308:
1604:
1439:
to the south remained for centuries at the level of a
123:
The Ryukyu Kingdom at its maximum extent (present-day
46:
27:
Historical kingdom in Okinawa, Japan from 1429 to 1875
3984:
3903:
3865:
3853:
3832:
4200:
Grant, Ulysses Simpson (2008). Simon, John Y (ed.).
3442:, the Ryukyu Kingdom was not considered part of any
1867:
1227:
despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a
4579:'The Government of the Kingdom of Ryukyu, 1609–1872
4393:
4316:
4262:
3972:
1707:, Japan; 98 people with a music band and officials.
1938:The last king of Ryukyu was forced to relocate to
1215:. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the
4371:Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon
3618:(illustrated ed.). SUNY Press. p. 145.
6705:
4288:. 27 October 2006, translated and abridged from
1926:Ryukyu people depicted in the Chinese paintings
1882:unilaterally declared that the kingdom was then
1288:In the 14th century, small domains scattered on
1249:independence until it was transformed into the
4105:
3567:(in Chinese). Ancient History Institute of the
3438:Although the Ryukyuan king was a vassal of the
3258:Imperial Chinese missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
2254:
1695:Ryukyu Tribute Ship Folding Screen (circa 1830)
1520:giving authority to the King of Ryukyu to rule.
1450:
4375:Dictionary of History & Geography of Japan
3645:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3142:
3120:
3098:
3076:
3054:
3032:
3010:
2988:
2966:
2944:
2922:
2900:
2877:
2855:
2833:
2811:
2789:
2767:
2741:
2719:
2697:
2675:
2653:
2631:
2608:
2559:
2537:
2515:
2493:
2471:
2449:
2420:
2398:
2376:
2354:
2332:
2310:
2248:
2079:(Kanemaru) establishes the Second Shō dynasty.
1804:The Ryukyuan king was a vassal of the Satsuma
1781:In 1655, tribute relations between Ryukyu and
1360:Chinese sent thirty-six Chinese families from
1337:
1324:
1311:
1298:
444:
434:
396:
357:
280:
39:
6764:States and territories disestablished in 1879
5111:
4803:
3750:"Ryukyu in the Ming Reign Annals 1380s–1580s"
3505:(in Japanese). pp. 23–25. Archived from
3371:
3349:
3340:
1662:was taken prisoner to Kagoshima and later to
1583:
1160:
4482:The Ryukyu Kingdom: Cornerstone of East Asia
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4001:
3999:
3360:
4703:Brief History of the Uchinanchu (Okinawans)
4505:, New York, NY: Columbia University Press,
4305:Okinawa: the History of an Island People...
4035:, or General overview of the three kingdoms
3923:
3921:
3575:
3377:
1349:, Nanzan was adjacent to the major port of
1331:. This was known as the Three Kingdoms, or
6759:States and territories established in 1429
5118:
5104:
4810:
4796:
4333:
4331:
2204:1866 – The last official mission from the
1167:
1153:
117:
4419:
3996:
3947:
3767:
3757:
3713:
2269:
2132:); Kings of Ryukyu become vassals to the
1769:Learn how and when to remove this message
1283:
4624:
4554:Okinawa: the History of an Island People
4051:
4047:
4045:
4020:
3927:
3918:
3177:
3169:
1710:
1698:
1690:
1535:Japanese products—silver, swords, fans,
1523:
1511:
1292:were unified into three principalities:
4611:
4596:Murai, Shōsuke (2008), "Introduction",
4576:
4533:Ryukyu Kingdom and Province before 1945
4479:
4369:Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph (1906),
4368:
4338:Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph (2003),
4337:
4328:
4274:
4251:The Secret Royal Martial Arts of Ryukyu
3990:
3912:
3871:
3847:
3188:Foreign relations of the Ryukyu Kingdom
2012:1392 – An envoy from Ryukyu visits the
2005:1389 – An envoy from Ryukyu visits the
1619:asked the Ryukyu Kingdom to aid in his
1261:and dissolved by Japan in 1879 to form
14:
6706:
5153:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
3474:
1686:
5383:
5099:
4791:
4657:
4595:
4199:
4042:
3978:
3859:
3803:
3557:
3253:Joseon missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
2754:
1187:from 1429 to 1879. It was ruled as a
6734:Former countries in Japanese history
4725:Okinawa Filming Guide Book 2014–2015
4551:
4527:
4498:
4399:
4322:
4313:, May 1959, Vol. 323, No. 1, p. 165.
4268:
4233:
4005:
3747:
3679:
3611:
1751:adding citations to reliable sources
1722:
1345:strongest. Its political capital at
6729:Former countries in Chinese history
4037:] (in French), pp. 169–180
3243:Ryukyuan missions to Imperial China
3193:Foreign relations of Imperial China
1605:Japanese invasion and subordination
24:
5148:List of current sovereign monarchs
3569:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
3446:due to trade relations with China.
1976:are expelled from Okinawa by King
1965:becomes King of Okinawa, based at
1207:, and extended the kingdom to the
25:
6780:
4682:
4625:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002),
4286:Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
3541:. 24 October 2003. Archived from
2065:'s rebellion against the Kingdom.
2050:. Shō Hashi moves the capital to
1868:Annexation by the Japanese Empire
5666:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4688:
3497:
1929:Portraits of Periodical Offering
1916:
1905:
1727:
1257:in 1872. The Ryukyu Kingdom was
683:
677:
639:
625:
611:
586:
572:
558:
108:
77:
65:
5143:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
4819:Ryūkyū Kingdom's King of Chūzan
4450:
4405:
4382:
4362:
4295:
4245:Matsuo, Kanenori Sakon (2005).
4239:
4193:
4168:
4146:
4099:
4014:
3877:
3797:
3741:
3707:
3673:
3615:The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty
3449:
1955:
1942:, and was given a compensating
1738:needs additional citations for
1683:, which was published in 1785.
1627:, the request was refused. The
6769:Former monarchies of East Asia
6754:1879 disestablishments in Asia
5125:
4552:——— (1958),
4303:Book Review: "George H. Kerr.
3639:
3612:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1996).
3605:
3524:
3491:
3432:
3372:
3341:
3288:
3223:Military of the Ryukyu Kingdom
3174:Location of the Ryukyu Islands
1401:
1383:
13:
1:
6724:Former countries in East Asia
4539:, National Research Council,
4357:] (in French), p. 56
3480:Seisai Tokuchi『日本文学から見た琉歌概論』（
3462:
3203:History of the Ryukyu Islands
1673:The kingdom was described by
1279:History of the Ryukyu Islands
5158:List of monarchy referendums
4537:National Academy of Sciences
4058:The Journal of Asian Studies
3467:
3309:
3228:Ryukyu independence movement
3208:History of Sakishima Islands
2234:" on Miyako Island. / Japan
1451:Golden age of maritime trade
1114:Missions from Imperial China
47:
7:
6749:1429 establishments in Asia
4706:, Uninanchu, archived from
4292:, No. 1084. 24 August 2006.
3930:"Ryukyu and Southeast Asia"
3748:Wade, Geoff (1 July 2007).
3714:Hendrickx, Katrien (2007).
3362:ᠯᡳᠣ ᠴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ Lio cio gurun
3350:
3330:
3248:Ryukyuan missions to Joseon
3165:
2255:
2215:unilaterally declares King
1852:According to statements by
1431:Islands, to the north near
1391:in 1421, becoming known as
1039:Okinawa Reversion Agreement
10:
6785:
4664:University of Hawaii Press
4472:
3807:Maritime Ryukyu, 1050–1650
3361:
3301:
3155:last King of Ryukyu (then
3143:
3121:
3099:
3077:
3055:
3033:
3011:
2989:
2967:
2945:
2923:
2901:
2878:
2856:
2834:
2812:
2790:
2768:
2742:
2720:
2698:
2676:
2654:
2632:
2609:
2560:
2538:
2516:
2494:
2472:
2450:
2421:
2399:
2377:
2355:
2333:
2311:
2273:
1871:
1608:
1276:
1272:
1109:Missions to Imperial China
445:
435:
397:
358:
281:
40:
6570:
6479:
6193:
5956:
5890:
5702:
5693:
5589:
5571:
5503:
5418:
5376:
5308:
5222:
5166:
5133:
5070:
4962:
4914:
4891:
4853:
4825:
4577:Matsuda, Mitsugu (2001),
4124:10.1017/S0026749X07003034
4052:K. Sakai, Robert (1964).
4033:San kokf tsou ran to sets
3928:Sakamaki, Shunzō (1964).
3319:
2249:
1621:campaign to conquer Korea
1584:
1396:
1378:
1338:
1325:
1312:
1299:
1104:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
973:
965:
951:
942:
938:
928:
918:
908:
890:
880:
870:
866:
856:
846:
842:
832:
818:
808:
798:
794:
784:
770:
760:
756:16616 BC?– 1186 AD?
750:
746:
736:
723:
713:
700:
655:
537:
518:
514:
501:
488:
475:
465:
461:
453:
429:
425:
413:
409:
390:
386:
374:
370:
349:
345:
333:
321:
309:
297:
293:
274:
264:
252:
221:
203:
193:
136:
116:
101:
93:
61:
56:
34:
5295:Self-proclaimed monarchy
4633:Harvard University Press
4484:. University of Hawaii.
4480:Akamine, Mamoru (2016).
4106:Norihito Mizuno (2009).
3935:Journal of Asian Studies
3417:Historical French name:
3281:
3238:Ryukyuan missions to Edo
2281:Kings of Ryukyu Islands
2054:(now part of modern-day
1795:Ryukyuan missions to Edo
490:• Reorganized into
5563:Vatican City (Holy See)
4658:Smits, Gregory (1999),
4499:Kang, David C. (2010),
4389:论战后琉球独立运动及琉球归属问题 – 百度文库
3804:Smits, Gregory (2019).
3423:Historical Dutch name:
3182:Hokuzan, Chūzan, Nanzan
2219:as the "Domain Head of
2177:Bernard Jean Bettelheim
2038:1429 – Chūzan occupies
1972:1272 – Envoys from the
1705:Ryukyuan mission to Edo
162:Tributary state of the
5845:Islands of Refreshment
5275:Legitimacy (political)
4290:Academia Sinica Weekly
3785:Cite journal requires
3387:Great Lew Chew Country
3218:Mudan Incident of 1871
3183:
3175:
2270:List of Ryukyuan kings
2136:of the Satsuma Domain.
1720:
1708:
1696:
1680:Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu
1576:The Chinese policy of
1532:
1521:
1284:Origins of the Kingdom
5656:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5245:Criticism of monarchy
5235:Abolition of monarchy
3592:National Diet Library
3271:Okinawan martial arts
3181:
3173:
2181:Loochoo Naval Mission
2166:1745 – Completion of
2157:1724 – Completion of
2148:1650 – Completion of
2139:1623 – Completion of
1714:
1702:
1694:
1528:The main building of
1527:
1515:
1243:in 1609 but retained
1219:networks of medieval
1183:was a kingdom in the
1134:Independence movement
204:Common languages
97: Ishinagu no Uta
5488:United Arab Emirates
4697:at Wikimedia Commons
4415:. 26 September 2013.
4301:Goodenough, Ward H.
4112:Modern Asian Studies
3759:10.2139/ssrn.1317152
3536:Luke Roberts at the
3267:(intact royal tombs)
3149:1848 – 11 March 1879
2263:Meiji peerage system
2238:on behalf of Ryukyu.
1896:Kagoshima Prefecture
1747:improve this article
1648:Kagoshima Prefecture
1329:, Southern Mountain)
1303:, Northern Mountain)
1124:Missions from Joseon
1077:Kagoshima Prefecture
989:Civil Administration
966:U. S. administration
715:Early Kaizuka Period
181:Vassal state of the
6684:Trinidad and Tobago
6571:Commonwealth realms
6456:United Baltic Duchy
5599:Antigua and Barbuda
5591:Commonwealth realms
5285:Order of succession
4770: /
4738:on 11 February 2017
4413:"Forgotten Dynasty"
3680:Deng, Gang (1999).
3588:"旧条約彙纂. 第３巻（朝鮮・琉球）"
3571:. 25 December 2018.
3512:on 18 February 2022
2580:
2440:
2282:
2232:friendship monument
2208:visits the kingdom.
2111:invades the kingdom
1996:tributary relations
1687:Tributary relations
1316:, Central Mountain)
1193:imperial Ming China
979:Military Government
892:Japanese Annexation
725:Late Kaizuka Period
467:• Unification
154:Tributary state of
4964:Second Shō dynasty
4774:26.200°N 127.683°E
4628:Japan Encyclopedia
4535:, Washington, DC:
4441:Hamashita, Takeshi
4351:Nobiliare du Japon
4236:, p. 366-367.
3532:"Ryuukyuuan coins"
3213:Hua–Yi distinction
3184:
3176:
3152:Second Shō dynasty
3130:Second Shō dynasty
3108:Second Shō dynasty
3086:Second Shō dynasty
3064:Second Shō dynasty
3042:Second Shō dynasty
3020:Second Shō dynasty
2998:Second Shō dynasty
2976:Second Shō dynasty
2954:Second Shō dynasty
2932:Second Shō dynasty
2910:Second Shō dynasty
2887:Second Shō dynasty
2865:Second Shō dynasty
2843:Second Shō dynasty
2821:Second Shō dynasty
2799:Second Shō dynasty
2777:Second Shō dynasty
2751:Second Shō dynasty
2621:as King of Ryukyu
2588:Chinese characters
2578:
2572:as King of Chūzan
2438:
2290:Chinese characters
2280:
2243:Okinawa Prefecture
2093:annexed by Ryukyu.
2072:invaded by Ryukyu.
1892:Okinawa Prefecture
1874:Ryūkyū Disposition
1860:in a meeting with
1856:imperial official
1721:
1709:
1697:
1629:Tokugawa shogunate
1617:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
1611:Invasion of Ryukyu
1533:
1522:
1477:(Vietnam), Japan,
1463:relationship with
1342:, Three Mountains)
1263:Okinawa Prefecture
1241:invasion of Ryukyu
1119:Missions to Joseon
1081:1953–present
1067:1972–present
1063:Okinawa Prefecture
858:Second Shō dynasty
766:1187?– 1259?
729:300 BC–1100
719:8,000–300 BC
216:Classical Japanese
208:Ryukyuan languages
125:Okinawa Prefecture
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6386:Piedmont-Sardinia
6138:Sip Song Chau Tai
5948:Thirteen Colonies
5689:
5688:
5093:
5092:
4916:First Shō dynasty
4710:on 25 August 2016
4693:Media related to
4642:978-0-674-01753-5
4631:, Cambridge, MA:
4562:Charles Tuttle Co
4462:history.state.gov
4377:] (in French)
4355:Nobility of Japan
4213:978-0-8093-2775-1
4180:Ryukyu Bugei 琉球武芸
3817:978-0-8248-7708-8
3727:978-90-5867-614-6
3659:978-3-447-05474-4
3498:Kikō, Nishizato.
3368:Classical Chinese
3328:
3307:
3163:
3162:
3159:1884–1901)
3072:Shō Sei (r. 1803)
2729:First Shō dynasty
2707:First Shō dynasty
2685:First Shō dynasty
2677:尚金福 shoo chinfuku
2663:First Shō dynasty
2641:First Shō dynasty
2618:First Shō dynasty
2576:
2575:
2569:First Shō dynasty
2547:First Shō dynasty
2436:
2435:
2334:舜馬順熈 shunbajunchi
2190:1852 – Commodore
2096:1609 – (5 April)
2091:Sakishima Islands
1986:1372 – The first
1779:
1778:
1771:
1437:Sakishima Islands
1267:Japanese nobility
1213:Sakishima Islands
1197:Ryukyuan monarchy
1177:
1176:
1142:
1141:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1057:
1056:
1049:Okinawa Reversion
961:
960:
953:Battle of Okinawa
904:
903:
900:
899:
848:First Shō dynasty
828:
827:
780:
779:
776:1260?– 1349
706:pre–10,000
671:History of Ryukyu
665:
664:
651:
650:
647:
646:
599:
598:
415:• 1751–1752
376:• 1666–1673
335:• 1848–1879
323:• 1587–1620
311:• 1477–1526
299:• 1429–1439
226:Ryukyuan religion
212:Classical Chinese
18:Kingdom of Ryukyu
16:(Redirected from
6776:
6744:Island countries
6625:Irish Free State
6391:Poland–Lithuania
5700:
5699:
5651:Papua New Guinea
5381:
5380:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5097:
5096:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4730:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4692:
4676:
4662:, Honolulu, HI:
4653:
4620:
4607:
4591:
4572:
4547:
4523:
4512:978-0-23115318-8
4495:
4466:
4465:
4454:
4448:
4438:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4348:
4335:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4299:
4293:
4280:Lin, Man-houng.
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4049:
4040:
4038:
4022:Klaproth, Julius
4018:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3951:
3925:
3916:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3862:, pp. iv–v.
3857:
3851:
3845:
3830:
3829:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3788:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3761:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3584:
3573:
3572:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3545:on 4 August 2017
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3489:
3478:
3456:
3453:
3447:
3436:
3430:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3306:romanized:
3305:
3303:
3292:
3157:Japanese Marquis
3146:
3145:
3124:
3123:
3102:
3101:
3080:
3079:
3058:
3057:
3036:
3035:
3014:
3013:
2992:
2991:
2970:
2969:
2948:
2947:
2926:
2925:
2904:
2903:
2881:
2880:
2859:
2858:
2837:
2836:
2815:
2814:
2793:
2792:
2771:
2770:
2757:Kanemaru Uchima
2756:
2745:
2744:
2723:
2722:
2701:
2700:
2699:尚泰久 shoo teechuu
2679:
2678:
2657:
2656:
2635:
2634:
2612:
2611:
2581:
2579:Kings of Ryukyu
2577:
2563:
2562:
2541:
2540:
2519:
2518:
2497:
2496:
2475:
2474:
2453:
2452:
2441:
2439:Kings of Chūzan
2437:
2424:
2423:
2402:
2401:
2380:
2379:
2358:
2357:
2336:
2335:
2314:
2313:
2283:
2279:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2228:Kaiser Wilhelm I
2192:Matthew C. Perry
2130:Satsunan Islands
1920:
1909:
1888:Meiji government
1862:Ulysses S. Grant
1774:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1731:
1723:
1587:
1586:
1470:Imperial Academy
1403:
1398:
1385:
1380:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1259:formally annexed
1169:
1162:
1155:
1102:
1101:
1073:
1072:
1009:Tokara Reversion
975:
974:
940:
939:
930:Pre-World War II
872:Satsuma Invasion
868:
867:
844:
843:
824:1314?–1429
814:1314?–1429
804:1314?–1416
796:
795:
748:
747:
698:
697:
687:
681:
667:
666:
643:
642:
629:
628:
615:
614:
603:
602:
590:
589:
576:
575:
562:
561:
555:
554:
539:
538:
505:Annexed by Japan
479:Satsuma invasion
448:
447:
438:
437:
402:
400:
399:
363:
361:
360:
286:
284:
283:
121:
112:
81:
69:
51:
50:
43:
42:
32:
31:
21:
6784:
6783:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6739:Former kingdoms
6704:
6703:
6702:
6693:
6618:princely states
6566:
6502:Kingdom of Fiji
6475:
6221:Austria-Hungary
6189:
5952:
5886:
5685:
5671:Solomon Islands
5585:
5567:
5499:
5414:
5372:
5304:
5250:Democratization
5218:
5162:
5129:
5124:
5094:
5089:
5066:
4958:
4910:
4887:
4849:
4827:Shunten dynasty
4821:
4816:
4779:26.200; 127.683
4778:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4722:
4713:
4711:
4700:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4643:
4589:
4529:Kerr, George H.
4513:
4492:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4439:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4383:
4367:
4363:
4342:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4317:
4300:
4296:
4279:
4275:
4267:
4263:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4070:10.2307/2050758
4050:
4043:
4019:
4015:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3949:10.2307/2050757
3926:
3919:
3911:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3833:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3786:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3590:(in Japanese).
3586:
3585:
3576:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3500:"明清交替期の中琉日関係再考"
3496:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3346:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3276:Names of Ryukyu
3168:
2769:尚宣威 shoo shin-i
2655:尚思達 shoo shitaa
2610:尚巴志 shoo hashii
2595:Line or dynasty
2561:尚巴志 shoo hashii
2539:尚思紹 shoo shisoo
2364:Shunten dynasty
2342:Shunten dynasty
2320:Shunten dynasty
2278:
2272:
2246:
1958:
1950:Marquis Shō Tai
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1876:
1870:
1775:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1744:
1732:
1689:
1613:
1607:
1555:, sugar, iron,
1541:folding screens
1453:
1373:eunuchs again.
1335:
1322:
1309:
1296:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1255:Empire of Japan
1189:tributary state
1173:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1129:Missions to Edo
1099:
1091:
1090:
1019:Amami Reversion
1003:1952–1972
993:1950–1972
983:1945–1950
969:1945–1972
934:1926–1945
924:1912–1926
914:1879–1912
886:1872–1879
862:1469–1879
852:1429–1469
838:1429–1879
790:1314–1429
762:Shunten dynasty
742:1187–1314
695:
682:
640:
626:
612:
607:Empire of Japan
587:
573:
559:
507:
494:
481:
468:
433:Shuri cabinet (
416:
394:
377:
355:
336:
324:
312:
300:
278:
233:
189:
185:
183:Empire of Japan
177:
166:
158:
150:
144:Tributary state
132:
89:
88:
87:
82:
74:
73:
70:
52:
45:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6782:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6719:Ryukyu Islands
6716:
6714:Ryukyu Kingdom
6699:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6622:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6376:Ottoman Empire
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6336:Kartli-Kakheti
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6197:
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6191:
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6187:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
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6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
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6048:
6043:
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6018:
6011:
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5894:
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5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
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5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5745:Central Africa
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5681:United Kingdom
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5631:
5626:
5621:
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5509:
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5455:
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5424:
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5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5338:Prince regnant
5335:
5334:
5333:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5255:Decolonization
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5209:Personal union
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5179:Constitutional
5176:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5080:Ryukyu Kingdom
5077:
5075:King of Ryukyu
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
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4979:
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4912:
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4909:
4908:
4903:
4897:
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4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4831:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4815:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4754:
4753:
4747:
4720:
4698:
4695:Ryukyu Kingdom
4684:
4683:External links
4681:
4679:
4678:
4672:
4655:
4641:
4622:
4609:
4593:
4587:
4574:
4549:
4525:
4511:
4496:
4491:978-0824855178
4490:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4449:
4445:Okinawa Nyūmon
4418:
4404:
4402:, p. 236.
4392:
4381:
4361:
4327:
4325:, p. 381.
4315:
4294:
4273:
4271:, p. 175.
4261:
4238:
4226:
4212:
4192:
4167:
4145:
4118:(3): 683–739.
4098:
4064:(3): 391–403.
4041:
4013:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3942:(3): 382–384.
3917:
3902:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3831:
3816:
3796:
3787:|journal=
3740:
3726:
3706:
3692:
3672:
3658:
3638:
3624:
3604:
3574:
3556:
3523:
3490:
3482:Musashinoshoin
3472:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3448:
3440:Satsuma Domain
3431:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3393:
3365:
3354:
3351:Ljuw-gjuw kwok
3337:Middle Chinese
3334:
3313:
3294:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3233:Ryukyu Islands
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3096:
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3089:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3059:
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3043:
3040:
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3030:
3024:
3023:
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3018:
3015:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:尚質 shoo shichi
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2898:
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2853:
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2809:
2803:
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2727:
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2711:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:玉城 tamagushiku
2447:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2396:
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2324:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2276:King of Ryukyu
2274:Main article:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2239:
2236:invades Taiwan
2224:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2188:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2126:Tokara Islands
2118:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2048:Okinawa Island
2036:
2029:Nakijin Castle
2017:
2010:
2003:
2000:Chinese Empire
1984:
1981:
1970:
1957:
1954:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1872:Main article:
1869:
1866:
1777:
1776:
1735:
1733:
1726:
1688:
1685:
1675:Hayashi Shihei
1633:Shimazu family
1609:Main article:
1606:
1603:
1563:, and Arabian
1452:
1449:
1447:relationship.
1399:; pinyin:
1395:(Chinese:
1381:; pinyin:
1370:Yongle Emperor
1366:Hongwu emperor
1290:Okinawa Island
1285:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1233:Satsuma Domain
1225:Southeast Asia
1217:maritime trade
1201:Okinawa Island
1199:, who unified
1185:Ryukyu Islands
1181:Ryukyu Kingdom
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1149:
1146:
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1021:
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884:
878:
877:
874:
864:
863:
860:
854:
853:
850:
840:
839:
836:
834:Ryukyu Kingdom
830:
829:
826:
825:
822:
816:
815:
812:
806:
805:
802:
792:
791:
788:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
768:
767:
764:
758:
757:
754:
752:Tenson dynasty
744:
743:
740:
734:
733:
727:
721:
720:
717:
711:
710:
704:
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693:
692:
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674:
673:
663:
662:
657:
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645:
644:
637:
631:
630:
623:
621:Satsuma Domain
617:
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609:
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388:
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230:State Religion
223:
219:
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210:(indigenous),
205:
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195:
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190:
188:
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175:Satsuma Domain
168:
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83:
76:
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63:
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59:
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38:
36:Ryukyu Kingdom
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6781:
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6500:
6498:
6497:Easter Island
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6036:Jabal Shammar
6034:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5528:Liechtenstein
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5331:Queen regnant
5329:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Republicanism
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:Head of state
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5204:Non-sovereign
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5116:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5086:
5085:Ryukyu Domain
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4893:Satto dynasty
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4808:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4751:
4748:
4734:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4675:
4673:0-8248-2037-1
4669:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4614:Acta Asiatica
4610:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4599:Acta Asiatica
4594:
4590:
4588:4-946539-16-6
4584:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4414:
4408:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4385:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4341:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4319:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4298:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4235:
4230:
4215:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4196:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4155:
4149:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4046:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4002:
4000:
3993:, p. 53.
3992:
3987:
3981:, p. iv.
3980:
3975:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3915:, p. 36.
3914:
3909:
3907:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3874:, p. 35.
3873:
3868:
3861:
3856:
3850:, p. 16.
3849:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3779:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3710:
3695:
3693:0-313-30712-1
3689:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3661:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3627:
3625:0-7914-2687-4
3621:
3617:
3616:
3608:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3452:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3369:
3366:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2791:尚真 shoo shin
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:Satto dynasty
2524:
2521:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:Satto dynasty
2502:
2499:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2264:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:Ryukyu Domain
2218:
2214:
2213:Emperor Meiji
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:Chūzan Seikan
2147:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:, capital of
2041:
2040:Nanzan Castle
2037:
2034:
2031:, capital of
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1992:Sanzan period
1989:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:Mongol Empire
1971:
1968:
1967:Urasoe Castle
1964:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:Ryukyu Domain
1881:
1880:Emperor Meiji
1875:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1797:for Tokugawa
1796:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1773:
1770:
1762:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1736:This section
1734:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:(present-day
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:Around 1590,
1612:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1334:
1321:
1308:
1295:
1291:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:Ryukyu Domain
1248:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:Amami Islands
1206:
1205:Sanzan period
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
990:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
956:
954:
950:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
931:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
911:
907:
895:
893:
889:
885:
883:
882:Ryukyu Domain
879:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
859:
855:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
835:
831:
823:
821:
817:
813:
811:
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803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
787:
783:
775:
773:
769:
765:
763:
759:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
739:
738:Gusuku period
735:
732:
728:
726:
722:
718:
716:
712:
709:
705:
703:
699:
691:
690:
686:
680:
676:
675:
672:
669:
668:
661:
658:
656:Today part of
654:
638:
636:
635:Ryukyu Domain
633:
632:
624:
622:
619:
618:
610:
608:
605:
604:
601:
595:
592:
585:
584:
581:
578:
571:
570:
567:
564:
557:
556:
553:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
513:
510:27 March 1879
509:
506:
500:
496:
493:
492:Ryukyu Domain
487:
483:
480:
474:
470:
464:
460:
456:
452:
442:
432:
428:
424:
421:
418:
412:
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393:
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184:
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165:
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157:
156:Southern Ming
153:
149:
145:
142:
141:
139:
135:
130:
129:Amami Islands
126:
120:
115:
111:
107:
105:
100:
96:
92:
86:
80:
72:Merchant flag
68:
60:
55:
49:
33:
30:
19:
6674:South Africa
6669:Sierra Leone
6616:
6446:Two Sicilies
6381:Papal States
6181:
6120:
6110:
6013:
5879:
5639:Cook Islands
5492:
5478:Saudi Arabia
5407:
5079:
4939:Shō Shitatsu
4855:Eiso dynasty
4755:
4740:, retrieved
4733:the original
4724:
4712:, retrieved
4708:the original
4702:
4659:
4627:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4597:
4578:
4553:
4532:
4501:
4481:
4461:
4452:
4444:
4407:
4395:
4384:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4354:
4350:
4318:
4310:
4304:
4297:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4264:
4257:Google Books
4255:, p. 40, at
4252:
4246:
4241:
4229:
4217:. Retrieved
4202:
4195:
4183:. Retrieved
4179:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4148:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4061:
4057:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4016:
3991:Okamoto 2008
3986:
3974:
3939:
3933:
3913:Okamoto 2008
3893:. Retrieved
3889:
3879:
3872:Okamoto 2008
3867:
3855:
3848:Matsuda 2001
3806:
3799:
3778:cite journal
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3716:
3709:
3697:. Retrieved
3682:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3648:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3614:
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3543:the original
3535:
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3507:the original
3493:
3476:
3451:
3434:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3331:Ryūkyū Ōkoku
3310:Ruuchuu-kuku
3290:
3078:尚成 shoo shii
3034:尚穆 shoo buku
3012:尚敬 shoo chii
2990:尚益 shoo ichi
2924:尚賢 shoo chin
2835:尚元 shoo gwan
2813:尚清 shoo shii
2721:尚徳 shoo tuku
2649:Shō Shitatsu
2633:尚忠 shoo chuu
2481:Eiso dynasty
2459:Eiso dynasty
2430:Eiso dynasty
2408:Eiso dynasty
2386:Eiso dynasty
2167:
2160:Chūzan Seifu
2158:
2149:
2140:
2117:is captured.
2106:in southern
2097:
2070:Kikai Island
2052:Shuri Castle
1988:Ming dynasty
1956:Major events
1943:
1937:
1927:
1877:
1858:Li Hongzhang
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1787:
1783:Qing dynasty
1780:
1765:
1756:
1745:Please help
1740:verification
1737:
1678:
1672:
1668:Amami-Ōshima
1657:
1637:feudal lords
1625:Ming dynasty
1614:
1589:
1577:
1575:
1570:Rekidai Hōan
1568:
1565:frankincense
1534:
1530:Shuri Castle
1465:Ming dynasty
1454:
1429:Amami Ōshima
1426:
1410:Shuri Castle
1407:
1400:
1389:Ming emperor
1382:
1375:
1355:
1287:
1244:
1229:vassal state
1180:
1178:
833:
772:Eiso dynasty
702:Palaeolithic
548:Succeeded by
547:
542:
531:Japanese mon
484:5 April 1609
350:
243:Confucianism
171:Vassal state
164:Qing dynasty
148:Ming dynasty
102:
94:
48:Ruuchuu-kuku
29:
6613:British Raj
6585:(Sri Lanka)
6471:Württemberg
6183:South Yemen
6071:Maguindanao
5964:Afghanistan
5725:Barotseland
5661:Saint Lucia
5634:New Zealand
5543:Netherlands
5316:Chhatrapati
5300:Sovereignty
5240:Aristocracy
4944:Shō Kinpuku
4840:Shunbajunki
4777: /
4742:11 February
4558:Rutland, VT
3895:2 September
3565:"琉球国金石文献述略"
3395:Historical
3144:尚泰 shoo tee
3122:尚育 shoo iku
3100:尚灝 shoo koo
2968:尚貞 shoo tii
2902:尚豊 shoo fuu
2879:尚寧 shoo nii
2671:Shō Kinpuku
2328:Shunbajunki
2261:within the
2206:Qing Empire
2175:1846 – Dr.
2142:Omoro Sōshi
2046:, unifying
2027:, occupies
1810:Zaibankaiya
1537:lacquerware
1402:Shàng Bāzhì
1203:to end the
543:Preceded by
430:Legislature
186:(1872–1879)
178:(1609–1872)
167:(1646–1875)
159:(1644–1646)
151:(1429–1644)
85:Royal crest
6708:Categories
6679:Tanganyika
6594:The Gambia
6522:Niuē-Fekai
6461:Yugoslavia
6361:Montenegro
6168:Upper Yafa
6163:Upper Asir
5800:Madagascar
5533:Luxembourg
5265:Government
5230:Abdication
5199:Hereditary
5127:Monarchies
5017:Shō Shitsu
4949:Shō Taikyū
4924:Shō Shishō
4878:Tamagusuku
4219:11 January
4203:The Papers
4008:, p.
3979:Murai 2008
3886:"東南アジアと琉球"
3860:Murai 2008
3826:1098213229
3733:11 January
3699:4 February
3665:4 February
3631:4 February
3463:References
3419:Liou-tchou
3347:romanized:
3056:尚温 shoo un
2940:Shō Shitsu
2857:尚永 shoo ii
2743:尚圓 shoo in
2693:Shō Taikyū
2533:Shō Shishō
2445:Tamagusuku
2400:大成 teeshii
2312:舜天 shuntin
2230:erects a "
2102:(Lord) of
1812:(在番仮屋) or
1596:Portuguese
1545:sappanwood
1518:Qing China
1516:Seal from
1277:See also:
1239:after the
999:Government
944:Militarism
381:Shō Shōken
265:Government
254:Demonym(s)
104:Royal seal
6649:Mauritius
6542:Rarotonga
6527:Nuku Hiva
6517:Mangareva
6492:Bora Bora
6371:Neuchâtel
6341:Lithuania
6246:Catalonia
6133:Sri Lanka
6086:Manchukuo
6061:Kurdistan
6015:Indonesia
5938:Talamanca
5898:Araucanía
5881:and other
5860:Wassoulou
5604:Australia
5280:Oligarchy
4977:Shō Sen'i
4929:Shō Hashi
4677:, 213 pp.
4592:, 283 pp.
4521:562768984
4400:Kerr 1953
4323:Kerr 1953
4269:Kerr 1953
4234:Kerr 1953
4140:145344717
4086:162751444
4006:Kang 2010
3966:162443515
3488:）,299-300
3468:Citations
3425:Lioe-kioe
3325:romanized
3127:1829–1847
3105:1804–1828
3061:1796–1802
3039:1752–1795
3017:1713–1751
2995:1710–1712
2973:1669–1709
2951:1648–1668
2929:1641–1647
2907:1621–1640
2884:1587–1620
2862:1573–1586
2840:1556–1572
2818:1527–1555
2796:1477–1526
2763:Shō Sen'i
2748:1470–1476
2726:1461–1469
2704:1454–1460
2682:1450–1453
2660:1443–1449
2638:1440–1442
2615:1429–1439
2604:Shō Hashi
2566:1422–1429
2555:Shō Hashi
2544:1407–1421
2522:1398–1406
2500:1355–1397
2478:1337–1354
2456:1314–1336
2427:1309–1313
2405:1300–1308
2383:1260–1299
2361:1249–1259
2339:1238–1248
2317:1187–1237
2185:Gokoku-ji
2025:Shō Hashi
2023:, led by
1998:with the
1994:. Formal
1878:In 1872,
1791:the Dutch
1559:, Indian
1557:ambergris
1499:Palembang
1461:tributary
1457:Southeast
1441:tributary
1393:Shō Hashi
1387:) by the
1221:East Asia
1029:Koza riot
441:Sanshikan
304:Shō Hashi
222:Religion
57:1429–1879
6664:Rhodesia
6659:Pakistan
6578:Barbados
6547:Rimatara
6537:Rapa Iti
6466:Valencia
6441:Tavolara
6431:Scotland
6396:Portugal
6356:Moldavia
6241:Bulgaria
6236:Brittany
6211:Asturias
6091:Mongolia
6081:Maldives
5943:Trinidad
5933:Suriname
5891:Americas
5875:Zimbabwe
5870:Zanzibar
5855:Wituland
5830:Ngazidja
5825:Ndzuwani
5760:Ethiopia
5483:Thailand
5463:Malaysia
5443:Cambodia
5393:Eswatini
5189:Elective
5174:Absolute
5037:Shō Boku
4982:Shō Shin
4954:Shō Toku
4765:127°41′E
4651:48943301
4531:(1953),
4132:20488100
4091:23 March
4024:(1832),
3597:20 April
3401:Lew Chew
3316:Japanese
3298:Okinawan
3265:Tamaudun
3166:See also
3028:Shō Boku
2785:Shō Shin
2715:Shō Toku
2517:武寧 bunii
2495:察度 sattu
2473:西威 see-i
2356:義本 gifun
2084:Shō Shin
2016:Kingdom.
1948:rank as
1818:resident
1814:Ufukaiya
1759:May 2013
1703:An 1832
1652:invasion
1475:Đại Việt
1445:suzerain
1422:Shō Shin
1414:Shō Toku
523:Ryukyuan
519:Currency
316:Shō Shin
269:Monarchy
259:Ryukyuan
239:Buddhism
127:and the
6654:Nigeria
6629:Ireland
6557:Tahuata
6532:Raiatea
6512:Huahine
6487:Abemama
6480:Oceania
6451:Tuscany
6406:Romania
6401:Prussia
6366:Navarre
6346:Majorca
6326:Ireland
6321:Imereti
6316:Iceland
6311:Hungary
6306:Hanover
6301:Granada
6291:Germany
6286:Georgia
6281:Galicia
6271:Finland
6261:Corsica
6256:Cilicia
6226:Bavaria
6216:Austria
6201:Albania
6173:Vietnam
6116:Sarawak
6106:Qu'aiti
6041:Kathiri
6004:Dapitan
5979:Bukhara
5928:Miskito
5850:Tunisia
5840:Shilluk
5750:Dahomey
5740:Burundi
5730:Bagirmi
5710:Adamawa
5629:Jamaica
5624:Grenada
5609:Bahamas
5573:Oceania
5523:Denmark
5518:Belgium
5513:Andorra
5428:Bahrain
5403:Morocco
5398:Lesotho
5377:Current
5368:Pharaoh
5321:Emperor
5260:Dynasty
5214:Regency
5194:Federal
5184:Diarchy
5138:Monarch
5062:Shō Tai
5057:Shō Iku
5047:Shō Sei
5032:Shō Kei
5027:Shō Eki
5022:Shō Tei
5012:Shō Ken
5002:Shō Nei
4992:Shō Gen
4987:Shō Sei
4934:Shō Chū
4835:Shunten
4762:26°12′N
4714:30 June
4545:5455582
4473:Sources
4185:8 April
4078:2050758
3958:2050757
3769:1317152
3413:Loochoo
3405:Lewchew
3399:names:
3397:English
3381:
3327::
3138:Shō Tai
3116:Shō Iku
3006:Shō Kei
2984:Shō Eki
2962:Shō Tei
2918:Shō Ken
2873:Shō Nei
2829:Shō Gen
2807:Shō Sei
2627:Shō Chū
2422:英慈 eeji
2378:英祖 eeso
2306:Shunten
2297:Dynasty
2256:kōshaku
2217:Shō Tai
2211:1872 –
2196:US Navy
2194:of the
2187:Temple.
2115:Shō Nei
2113:. King
2104:Satsuma
2089:1500 –
2082:1477 –
2075:1470 –
2068:1466 –
2063:Amawari
2061:1458 –
2033:Hokuzan
2019:1416 –
1963:Shunten
1961:1187 –
1843:daimyōs
1829:de jure
1660:Shō Nei
1641:Satsuma
1639:of the
1599:traders
1507:Sumatra
1495:Pattani
1491:Malacca
1294:Hokuzan
1273:History
1253:by the
1246:de jure
1231:of the
1195:by the
800:Hokuzan
694:Periods
566:Hokuzan
527:Chinese
503:•
477:•
454:History
340:Shō Tai
328:Shō Nei
194:Capital
146:of the
95:Anthem:
6689:Uganda
6639:Malawi
6604:Guyana
6583:Ceylon
6562:Tahiti
6552:Rurutu
6507:Hawaii
6436:Serbia
6421:Saxony
6411:Russia
6296:Greece
6276:France
6266:Cyprus
6251:Crimea
6231:Bosnia
6206:Aragon
6194:Europe
6158:Taiwan
6128:Sikkim
6111:Ryukyu
6096:Najran
5994:Chehab
5974:Bengal
5923:Mexico
5908:Brazil
5835:Rwanda
5815:Maravi
5715:Ankole
5703:Africa
5695:Former
5676:Tuvalu
5619:Canada
5614:Belize
5558:Sweden
5548:Norway
5538:Monaco
5505:Europe
5458:Kuwait
5453:Jordan
5438:Brunei
5433:Bhutan
5385:Africa
5358:Sultan
5309:Titles
5223:Topics
5052:Shō Kō
5042:Shō On
5007:Shō Hō
4997:Shō Ei
4972:Shō En
4868:Taisei
4670:
4649:
4639:
4585:
4570:722356
4568:
4543:
4519:
4509:
4488:
4210:
4160:20 May
4138:
4130:
4084:
4076:
3964:
3956:
3824:
3814:
3766:
3724:
3690:
3656:
3622:
3549:1 June
3516:17 May
3411:, and
3359::
3357:Manchu
3198:Gusuku
3094:Shō Kō
3050:Shō On
2896:Shō Hō
2851:Shō Ei
2755:a.k.a.
2737:Shō En
2598:Notes
2394:Taisei
2300:Notes
2134:daimyō
2108:Kyūshū
2099:Daimyō
2077:Shō En
2044:Nanzan
2021:Chūzan
2014:Joseon
2007:Goryeo
2002:begin.
1945:kazoku
1839:daimyō
1834:daimyō
1806:daimyō
1799:Shōgun
1717:kimono
1644:domain
1579:haijin
1551:horn,
1505:, and
1433:Kyūshū
1418:Shō En
1362:Fujian
1333:Sanzan
1320:Nanzan
1318:, and
1307:Chūzan
1098:Topics
920:Taishō
820:Nanzan
810:Chūzan
786:Sanzan
594:Nanzan
580:Chūzan
529:, and
457:
420:Sai On
405:
392:Regent
366:
352:Sessei
289:
247:Taoism
235:Shinto
137:Status
6644:Malta
6634:Kenya
6609:India
6599:Ghana
6426:Savoy
6416:Samos
6331:Italy
6178:Yemen
6153:Tibet
6148:Syria
6101:Nepal
6076:Mahra
6056:Kumul
6051:Korea
6046:Khiva
6025:Qajar
6009:Hejaz
5999:China
5984:Burma
5913:Haiti
5903:Aztec
5820:Mwali
5810:Maore
5790:Libya
5785:Kongo
5780:Kaffa
5775:Gumma
5770:Gomma
5765:Ghana
5755:Egypt
5735:Bornu
5720:Aussa
5581:Tonga
5553:Spain
5473:Qatar
5448:Japan
4906:Bunei
4901:Satto
4845:Gihon
4736:(PDF)
4729:(PDF)
4373:[
4353:[
4340:"Sho"
4136:S2CID
4128:JSTOR
4082:S2CID
4074:JSTOR
4030:[
3962:S2CID
3954:JSTOR
3510:(PDF)
3503:(PDF)
3409:Luchu
3282:Notes
2592:Reign
2511:Bunei
2489:Satto
2350:Gihon
2294:Reign
2169:Kyūyō
2122:Amami
1940:Tokyo
1591:wokou
1561:ivory
1549:rhino
1487:Luzon
1483:Korea
1384:Shàng
1347:Shuri
1237:Japan
910:Meiji
660:Japan
533:coins
198:Shuri
6589:Fiji
6143:Sulu
6122:Shan
6066:Laos
6031:Iraq
6021:Iran
5989:Cebu
5969:Asir
5957:Asia
5918:Inca
5865:Yeke
5805:Mali
5795:Luba
5644:Niue
5494:list
5468:Oman
5420:Asia
5409:list
5363:Shah
5353:Tsar
5348:khan
5343:Raja
5326:King
5167:Type
4883:Seii
4873:Eiji
4863:Eiso
4744:2017
4716:2007
4668:ISBN
4647:OCLC
4637:ISBN
4583:ISBN
4566:OCLC
4541:OCLC
4517:OCLC
4507:ISBN
4486:ISBN
4347:@60)
4221:2011
4208:ISBN
4187:2015
4162:2021
4093:2011
3897:2016
3822:OCLC
3812:ISBN
3791:help
3764:SSRN
3735:2011
3722:ISBN
3701:2011
3688:ISBN
3667:2011
3654:ISBN
3633:2011
3620:ISBN
3599:2021
3551:2017
3518:2021
3486:1972
3378:lit.
3373:大琉球國
3320:琉球王国
3083:1803
2774:1477
2584:Name
2467:Seii
2416:Eiji
2372:Eiso
2286:Name
2124:and
2056:Naha
1978:Eiso
1854:Qing
1503:Siam
1479:Java
1358:Ming
1351:Naha
1223:and
1211:and
1179:The
1053:1972
1043:1971
1033:1970
1023:1953
1013:1952
957:1945
896:1879
876:1609
497:1872
471:1429
436:首里王府
276:King
6351:Man
4345:PDF
4120:doi
4066:doi
3944:doi
3754:doi
3444:Han
3342:琉球國
3302:琉球國
1847:han
1823:han
1749:by
1677:in
1664:Edo
1553:tin
1405:).
1397:尚巴志
1235:of
1191:of
446:三司官
439:),
173:of
41:琉球國
6710::
6627:/
6615:,
4666:,
4645:,
4635:,
4618:95
4616:,
4604:95
4602:,
4564:,
4560::
4556:,
4515:,
4460:.
4443:.
4421:^
4349:,
4330:^
4309:,
4284:,
4178:.
4134:.
4126:.
4116:43
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