152:
1363:
1087:
268:
1074:
before them. While the
Curiate Assembly did have the power to pass laws that the king had submitted, the Senate was effectively an honorable council. It could advise the king on his action but, by no means, could prevent him from acting. The only thing that the king could not do without the approval of the Senate and Curiate Assembly was to declare war against a foreign nation. These issues effectively allowed the King to more or less
43:
172:
1393:, who formally remained Rome's first priest. He was forbidden any political or military career, except for a seat in the Senate. However, the Roman desire to prevent the kingship from becoming important went so far that, even in the area of religion, the king of sacrifices was formally, in all but protocol, subordinated to the first of the
1117:
performed this ceremony by conducting the King-elect to the citadel where he was placed on a stone seat as the people waited below. If the King-elect was found worthy of the kingship, the augur announced that the gods had given favourable tokens, thus confirming the King-elect's priestly character.
1104:
to serve for five days to nominate the next king of Rome. After the five days, the interrex could appoint (with the Senate's consent) another senator for another five-day term. This process would continue until the election of a new king. Once the interrex found a suitable nominee for the kingship,
1108:
Once a candidate was proposed to the
Curiate Assembly, the people of Rome could either accept or reject the King-elect. If accepted, the King-elect did not immediately take office: two additional acts had to take place before he was invested with the full regal authority and power. First, it was
1073:
Under the kings, the Senate and
Curiate Assembly had very little power and authority; they were not independent bodies in that they possessed the right to meet together and discuss questions of state. They could only be called together by the king and could only discuss the matters the king laid
1041:
both granted him military powers and qualified him to pronounce legal judgement in all cases as the chief justice of Rome. Although he could assign pontiffs to act as minor judges in some cases, he had supreme authority in all cases brought before him, both civil and criminal. This made the king
1487:); thereby at least roughly separating the judiciary from the executive. According to tradition (which is disputed by historians for the first decades), the consulate was always entrusted to two persons to prevent autocracy. In case of emergencies, the power to appoint a
1016:. The king was required to appoint the tribune upon entering office, and the tribune left office upon the king's death. The tribune was second in rank to the king and also possessed the power to convene the Curiate Assembly and lay legislation before it.
1124:
had to be conferred upon the King. The
Curiate Assembly's vote only determined who was to be king, but that act did not bestow the powers of the king upon him. Accordingly, the king himself proposed to the Curiate Assembly a bill granting him
1105:
he would bring the nominee before the Senate and the Senate would examine him. If the Senate confirmed the nomination, the interrex would convene the
Curiate Assembly and preside as its chairman during the election of the king.
1757:
Before the formal establishment of the office of praetor below the consulate, this was at least another generic name, and quite possibly another title, of the consuls, cf. the names "praetorium" for the military leader's tent
1300:
After the death of Ancus
Marcius, he became regent due to Marcius' sons being too young, but was soon elected king by the Curiate Assembly. He was the first Etruscan king, and was originally known as Lucumo.
1423:
was retained for the opening prayer of "electional" assemblies in case both consuls died in office, and the ritual of driving a nail into the temple of
Jupiter sometimes even induced a dictatorship. The
1042:
supreme in times of both war and peace. While some writers believed there was no appeal from the king's decisions, others believed that a proposal for appeal could be brought before the king by any
1275:
Son in law of Tullus
Hostilius, grandson of Numa Pompilius; five years old at the time of his grandfather's death, he was elected king by the Curiate Assembly after the death of Tullus Hostilius.
1326:
Son in law of Lucius
Tarquinius Priscus. He seized the kingship after Ancus' sons had Tarquinius Priscus assassinated under the guise that he was merely filling in while the king was recovering.
914:. The Senate's main function was to carry out and administer the wishes of the king. After Romulus, Rome's first legendary king, Roman kings were elected by the people of Rome, sitting as a
1473:
The modern concept of a head of state, insofar as the republican times excepting the dictatorships are concerned, can hardly be translated to Roman conceptions, but most other powers—the
1470:. However, the role of choosing senators became rather limited as all magistrates down to the rank of quaestor eventually gained admission to the Senate after the office's expiration.
1100:. The supreme power in the state would be devolved to the Senate, which had the task of finding a new king. The Senate would assemble and appoint one of its own members as the
1893:
1351:
Son or grandson of Lucius
Tarquinius Priscus; seized the kingship after the assassination of Servius Tullius which he and his wife (daughter of Tullius) helped orchestrate.
1483:(the etymology suggests that these were originally the king's chief counsellors) and to the praetors ("leaders") after the creation of that office (about 367, according to
1144:, it is impossible to know for certain how many kings actually ruled the city, or if any of the deeds attributed to the individual kings, by later writers, are accurate.
1150:, King of the Sabines, was also joint king of Rome with Romulus for five years, until his death. However, he is not traditionally counted among the seven kings of Rome.
1463:
As has been mentioned, the administrative functions in religion, including at some point the housing in the ancient royal court, were ceded to the supreme pontiff.
1419:, where he impersonated the king being thrown out of the city. Further, the consuls retained religious roles which were considered so important that the office of
1025:, who acted as the warden of the city. When the king was absent from the city, the prefect held all of the king's powers, even to the point of being bestowed with
1403:(whose position in origin, rather than with the name of priest, is better described as "minister of religion"), to the extent that at some point in history, the
1053:
To assist the king, a council advised the king during all trials, but this council had no power to control the king's decisions. Also, two criminal detectives (
3274:
5131:
818:
1886:
1090:
François Tomb Painting, showing the type of clothes (toga picta) Roman kings would've most likely worn, at least the ones from the Etruscan dynasty
859:. Seven legendary kings are said to have ruled Rome until 509 BC, when the last king was overthrown. These kings ruled for an average of 35 years.
5121:
3161:
1525:
without the title. The republican idea that all promagisterial imperium ends upon entering the city was not observed in the emperors' case.
3703:
1879:
1662:
3745:
3733:
3792:
1439:. The position seems to have continued in existence until the official adoption of the Christian religion. To qualify for the office,
969:
Beyond his religious authority, the king was invested with the supreme military, executive, and judicial authority through the use of
5126:
1546:, which ratified the elections of the previous Centuriate Assembly. The consuls did, however, retain the power to rule by ordinance.
1466:
In the late Republic, the previous role of the king in choosing new senators and dismissing people from the Senate was ceded to the
3708:
5080:
3718:
2244:
1803:
5025:
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405:
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4113:
2546:
2264:
107:
3666:
3059:
2802:
2750:
576:
79:
1733:
979:
of the king was held for life and protected him from ever being brought to trial for his actions. As the sole holder of
935:. The people of Rome, sitting as the Curiate Assembly, could then either accept or reject the nominated candidate-king.
3337:
2941:
2612:
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381:
5005:
3765:
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3327:
3303:
3154:
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to serve both as the tribune of Ramnes tribe in Rome and also as the commander of the king's personal bodyguard, the
804:
376:
126:
86:
5020:
3693:
3342:
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1902:
393:
910:, capable of exercising only minor administrative powers, so that Rome was ruled by its king who was in effect an
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4040:
3965:
3723:
3047:
2951:
2895:
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1708:
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64:
1513:, which later became chief title of the emperors, who were formally included in the system as proconsuls over
93:
4536:
2936:
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2669:
2401:
2324:
2175:
1132:
In theory, the people of Rome elected their leader, but the Senate had most of the control over the process.
60:
31:
17:
4376:
3980:
3432:
3147:
5075:
5000:
4759:
3815:
3698:
3244:
3065:
3017:
2708:
2195:
1796:
903:
75:
5035:
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4591:
4361:
4133:
3955:
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3728:
3671:
3011:
3005:
2956:
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2376:
2361:
2224:
1859:
1409:
or royal palace at the Forum Romanum, originally inhabited by the king of sacrifices, was ceded to the
1381:
1332:
589:
210:
5055:
4148:
4103:
4030:
3950:
3898:
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2406:
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with the force of law. Also, the laws that kept citizens safe from the misuse of magistrates holding
925:
871:
654:
356:
4656:
4566:
4075:
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3928:
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2234:
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1440:
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1029:
while inside the city. The king was the sole person empowered to appoint patricians to the Senate.
258:
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5045:
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1443:
ancestry was necessary; however it was once performed by a member of a family otherwise known as
961:
The supreme power of the state was vested in the king, whose position gave the following powers:
692:
53:
918:, who voted on the candidate that had been nominated by a chosen member of the Senate called an
5111:
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2740:
2411:
1789:
1542:
1431:
The king of sacrifices retained some religious rites only he could perform, and acted as quasi-
955:
924:. Candidates for the throne could be chosen from any source. For example, one such candidate,
151:
5040:
4970:
4794:
4546:
4346:
4341:
4138:
4045:
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3918:
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3041:
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2651:
2391:
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1933:
1916:
1657:
5050:
5015:
4704:
4571:
4471:
4396:
4261:
4224:
3600:
3264:
3089:
2966:
2905:
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2733:
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2501:
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2279:
2123:
2021:
1965:
1604:
William C. Morey, Ph.D., D.C.L. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: American Book Company (1901)
1109:
necessary to obtain the divine will of the gods respecting his appointment by means of the
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100:
8:
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4829:
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3111:
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2745:
2728:
2718:
2573:
2496:
2319:
2314:
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2149:
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1533:
1141:
1006:
The king was also empowered to appoint or nominate all officeholders. He would appoint a
875:
469:
5030:
4754:
4561:
4416:
4356:
4276:
4219:
4083:
3319:
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3035:
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2458:
2431:
2371:
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2097:
2077:
1514:
988:
727:
366:
4669:
902:). The king possessed absolute power over the people; no one could rule over him. The
4664:
4516:
4271:
4231:
4209:
3417:
2880:
2875:
2808:
2767:
2761:
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2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
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2289:
2239:
2229:
2210:
1771:
879:
646:
639:
442:
1362:
5106:
4729:
4689:
4621:
4556:
4481:
4476:
4248:
4171:
4118:
3913:
3908:
3797:
3656:
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3530:
3525:
3515:
3437:
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3377:
3362:
3357:
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3209:
3097:
2679:
2674:
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2531:
2526:
2396:
2366:
2334:
2190:
2135:
2114:
2092:
1871:
1835:
1529:
1518:
1413:. Significantly enough, one of his major public appearances was at the festival of
1399:
1231:
1047:
915:
911:
768:
762:
755:
741:
570:
549:
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479:
474:
459:
343:
246:
1522:
5116:
4824:
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4616:
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4189:
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4003:
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1955:
1853:
1537:
1307:
1086:
1021:
984:
848:
484:
157:
2478:
870:
and no reference is made to the hereditary principle until after the fifth king
4879:
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2436:
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2294:
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2009:
1948:
1829:
1681:
1621:
1580:
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1203:
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883:
836:
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448:
296:
5100:
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3214:
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2625:
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2003:
1975:
1841:
1745:
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1560:
1555:
1256:
856:
844:
669:
519:
287:
1129:, and the Curiate Assembly, by voting in favour of the law, would grant it.
874:. Consequently, some have assumed that the Tarquins' attempt to institute a
4889:
4749:
4194:
4143:
4098:
4093:
3945:
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3585:
3580:
3352:
3236:
3170:
2160:
2015:
1995:
1480:
1467:
1389:
1147:
947:
534:
504:
430:
305:
1776:
4684:
4306:
4128:
4018:
3412:
2713:
2578:
1575:
1570:
1449:
1250:
Elected king by the Curiate Assembly, after the death of Numa Pompilius.
1096:
625:
1730:
A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War
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1415:
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42:
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1110:
1101:
971:
920:
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603:
514:
425:
323:
1528:
At the same time, the legislation was practically passed from the
1225:
Elected king by the Curiate Assembly, after the death of Romulus.
4919:
4914:
4904:
4869:
4864:
4854:
4799:
4784:
4601:
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4153:
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1921:
1823:
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1062:
1013:
1007:
996:
929:
867:
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678:
529:
509:
200:
1781:
1428:
was not elected publicly, but chosen by the pontifical college.
4929:
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1970:
1943:
1436:
1405:
1194:
1114:
1057:) were appointed by him as well as a two-man criminal court (
1517:(and the strategically most important) parts of the empire,
4924:
4491:
4431:
4013:
3389:
1938:
1652:
1540:), with the exception of the formality, more or less, of a
1484:
1384:
led to a limited separation of the powers mentioned above.
958:
worn on the head. Only the king could wear a purple toga.
951:
895:
236:
928:, was originally a citizen and migrant from a neighboring
3485:
685:
632:
1507:
to victoriously lead an army could acquire the title of
1113:, since the king would serve as high priest of Rome. An
991:
of all Rome's forces. His executive power and his sole
1193:
Proclaimed himself king after murdering his brother,
1094:
Whenever a Roman king died, Rome entered a period of
1901:
1078:with the exception of the above-mentioned affairs.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
983:in Rome at the time, the king possessed ultimate
5098:
3087:
1732:(University of California Press, 2005), p. 136
1503:by appointment of the Senate. Whoever used the
1453:, earning for himself and his descendants the
1387:The actual title of king was retained for the
1019:Another officer appointed by the king was the
3155:
1887:
1797:
1135:
812:
5132:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in Italy
2290:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
1491:for a six-month term was introduced. Later,
1003:did not exist during the time of the kings.
3162:
3148:
1894:
1880:
1804:
1790:
855:, who founded the city in 753 BC upon the
819:
805:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1361:
1085:
987:and unchecked military authority as the
3169:
2245:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
1140:Since Rome's records were destroyed in
14:
5122:8th-century BC establishments in Italy
5099:
1709:Plutach's Parallel Lives vol. 1 p. 379
1357:
3143:
1875:
1785:
27:Chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom
1672:
1670:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1612:
1610:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1068:
950:which served as a throne, a purple
24:
1777:Historywiz.com: The Etruscan Kings
964:
25:
5143:
3054:United Provinces of Central Italy
1811:
1765:
1667:
1633:
1607:
882:resulted in the formation of the
5127:6th-century BC disestablishments
1903:List of historic states of Italy
266:
170:
150:
41:
3036:Provisional Government of Milan
1751:
1378:overthrow of the Roman monarchy
1142:390 BC when the city was sacked
52:needs additional citations for
2235:City of Fiume and its District
1738:
1722:
1713:
1702:
1699:Married his daughter, Hostilia
1693:
1593:
1032:
878:over this conjectured earlier
13:
1:
2670:County of Apulia and Calabria
2176:Campagna e Marittima Province
1586:
1341:
1316:
1290:
1265:
1240:
1215:
1209:
1183:
1177:
1061:) which oversaw for cases of
851:, the first king of Rome was
32:King of Rome (disambiguation)
3734:Frontiers and fortifications
1719:Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1.39.
1340:
1337:
1330:
1315:
1312:
1305:
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1286:
1279:
1264:
1261:
1254:
1239:
1236:
1229:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1182:
1176:
1169:
894:Early Rome was ruled by the
7:
3793:Decorations and punishments
3072:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
3066:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3018:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
2196:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1772:Roman Empire.net: The Kings
1549:
1081:
889:
10:
5148:
4700:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
3275:historiography of the fall
3012:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3006:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
2407:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
2377:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2362:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1860:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
1369:
1333:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
1136:Kings of Rome (753–509 BC)
211:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
177:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
29:
5081:External wars and battles
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4842:
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4240:
4162:
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3124:Free Territory of Trieste
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2914:
2853:
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2642:Principality of Benevento
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2611:
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2545:
2487:
2457:
2209:
2159:
2113:
2044:
2031:
1994:
1909:
1848:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
1819:
1282:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
954:, red shoes, and a white
926:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
655:Senatus consultum ultimum
550:Extraordinary magistrates
242:
232:
224:
216:
206:
196:
191:
187:
183:
169:
165:
149:
141:
3030:Italian United Provinces
2382:Principality of Piombino
2171:Patrimony of Saint Peter
1601:Outline of Roman History
1046:during a meeting of the
259:Politics of ancient Rome
5076:Roman–Iranian relations
3551:Optimates and populares
3118:Italian Social Republic
2793:Principality of Taranto
2685:Principality of Taranto
2647:Principality of Salerno
2402:Bishopric of Tarantasia
2225:Bishopric of Bressanone
2142:Duchy of the Pentapolis
843:) was the ruler of the
5086:Civil wars and revolts
4352:Sextus Pompeius Festus
3999:Conflict of the Orders
3358:Legislative assemblies
3024:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2798:Terra Sancti Benedicti
2702:(from the 9th century)
2412:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1744:It is well known that
1543:lex curiata de imperio
1367:
1091:
1059:Duumviri Perduellionis
840:
416:Political institutions
4795:Simplicius of Cilicia
4547:Quintus Curtius Rufus
3776:Siege in Ancient Rome
3385:Executive magistrates
3042:Republic of San Marco
2824:Crown Colony of Malta
2652:Principality of Capua
2392:Marquisate of Saluzzo
2255:County of Santa Fiora
1917:Etruscan civilization
1658:ab urbe condita libri
1365:
1089:
1055:Quaestores Parricidii
995:allowed him to issue
866:were not known to be
4805:Stephanus Byzantinus
4710:Eusebius of Caesaria
4572:Sidonius Apollinaris
4262:Ammianus Marcellinus
3601:Tribune of the plebs
2838:French Revolutionary
2778:State of the Presidi
2502:Republic of Florence
2474:Domini di Terraferma
2124:Exarchate of Ravenna
2022:Western Roman Empire
1966:Nuragic civilization
938:The king had twelve
495:Ordinary magistrates
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
4981:Distinguished women
4632:Velleius Paterculus
4472:Nicolaus Damascenus
4452:Marcellus Empiricus
3841:Republican currency
3112:Free State of Fiume
3060:Kingdom of Sardinia
2803:Neapolitan Republic
2751:Kingdom of Sardinia
2746:Republic of Sassari
2574:Catepanate of Italy
2497:Republic of Cospaia
2320:Duchy of Montferrat
2315:March of Montferrat
2250:County of Guastalla
2150:Exarchate of Africa
1862:(535–510 BC/509 BC)
1534:Centuriate Assembly
1479:—were ceded to the
1382:Tarquinius Superbus
1358:During the Republic
876:hereditary monarchy
4755:Phlegon of Tralles
4562:Seneca the Younger
4036:Naming conventions
3766:Personal equipment
3299:Later Roman Empire
2942:Lucca and Piombino
2819:Malta Protectorate
2783:Duke of San Donato
2537:Republic of Ancona
2459:Republic of Venice
2372:Duchy of Mirandola
2260:Duchy of Guastalla
2098:Duchy of Tridentum
2078:Duchy of Benevento
2045:Barbarian kingdoms
1499:could be given an
1368:
1092:
989:commander-in-chief
872:Tarquinius Priscus
728:Triumvir monetalis
662:Titles and honours
197:First monarch
5094:
5093:
5056:Pontifices maximi
4838:
4837:
4695:Diogenes Laërtius
4517:Pliny the Younger
4272:Asconius Pedianus
4232:Romance languages
4104:Civil engineering
3846:Imperial currency
3719:Political control
3680:
3679:
3314:
3313:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
2980:
2979:
2947:Massa and Carrara
2832:
2831:
2809:Hospitaller Malta
2768:Kingdom of Naples
2762:Kingdom of Sicily
2693:
2692:
2603:Duchy of Sorrento
2522:Republic of Genoa
2517:Republic of Siena
2512:Republic of Massa
2507:Republic of Lucca
2240:County of Gorizia
2230:Corsican Republic
2211:Holy Roman Empire
1869:
1868:
1355:
1354:
880:elective monarchy
829:
828:
647:Quaestio perpetua
640:Senatus consultum
443:Roman citizenship
252:
251:
207:Last monarch
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
5139:
5046:Magistri equitum
4961:Cities and towns
4954:
4880:Constantinopolis
4690:Diodorus Siculus
4622:Valerius Maximus
4557:Seneca the Elder
4477:Nonius Marcellus
4245:
4244:
3798:Hippika gymnasia
3761:Infantry tactics
3667:Consular tribune
3657:Magister equitum
3606:Military tribune
3571:
3570:
3531:Pontifex maximus
3526:Princeps senatus
3516:Magister militum
3282:Byzantine Empire
3203:
3202:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3098:Kingdom of Italy
3085:
3084:
2851:
2850:
2680:County of Sicily
2675:County of Aversa
2598:Byzantine Sicily
2584:Theme of Lucania
2554:
2553:
2532:Republic of Pisa
2527:Republic of Noli
2397:Duchy of Spoleto
2367:Duchy of Merania
2265:Kingdom of Italy
2191:Duchy of Ferrara
2136:Duchy of Perugia
2115:Byzantine Empire
2093:Duchy of Spoleto
2060:Ostrogothic rule
2042:
2041:
1910:Pre-Roman period
1896:
1889:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1836:Tullus Hostilius
1806:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1736:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1674:
1665:
1650:
1631:
1614:
1605:
1597:
1530:Curiate Assembly
1523:popular tribunes
1411:pontifex maximus
1400:pontifex maximus
1366:Family relations
1348:
1343:
1323:
1318:
1297:
1292:
1272:
1267:
1247:
1242:
1232:Tullus Hostilius
1222:
1217:
1211:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1153:
1152:
1069:Chief Legislator
1048:Curiate Assembly
1009:tribunus celerum
916:Curiate Assembly
912:absolute monarch
862:The kings after
821:
814:
807:
763:Pontifex maximus
756:Princeps senatus
742:Magister militum
577:Consular tribune
571:Magister equitum
399:Augustan reforms
270:
254:
253:
247:Curiate Assembly
174:
154:
145:
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5090:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4834:
4670:Aëtius of Amida
4651:
4637:Verrius Flaccus
4617:Valerius Antias
4577:Silius Italicus
4512:Pliny the Elder
4457:Marcus Aurelius
4332:Cornelius Nepos
4282:Aurelius Victor
4236:
4158:
4070:
4004:Secessio plebis
3975:
3850:
3802:
3676:
3630:
3560:
3442:
3394:
3310:
3231:
3192:
3174:
3168:
3138:
3129:
3083:
2986:
2985:Post-Napoleonic
2976:
2910:
2846:
2840:
2828:
2770:
2766:
2765:(1130–1816) and
2764:
2756:
2701:
2689:
2656:
2630:
2621:Emirate of Bari
2607:
2594:Theme of Sicily
2589:Duchy of Naples
2564:Duchy of Amalfi
2549:
2541:
2489:
2488:Other Republics
2483:
2461:
2453:
2447:County of Tenda
2427:County of Savoy
2387:Duchy of Reggio
2357:Duchy of Mantua
2285:March of Friuli
2217:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2201:Duchy of Urbino
2186:Duchy of Castro
2163:
2155:
2109:
2103:Duchy of Tuscia
2083:Duchy of Friuli
2046:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2006:(753 BC–509 BC)
1990:
1905:
1900:
1870:
1865:
1854:Servius Tullius
1815:
1810:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1728:Gary Forsythe,
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1675:
1668:
1651:
1634:
1615:
1608:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1552:
1538:Tribal Assembly
1374:
1360:
1346:
1345:
1321:
1320:
1308:Servius Tullius
1295:
1294:
1270:
1269:
1245:
1244:
1220:
1219:
1188:
1187:
1138:
1084:
1071:
1035:
985:executive power
967:
965:Chief Executive
892:
847:. According to
825:
796:
792:Other countries
783:
652:
609:
544:
489:
454:
410:
387:Sullan republic
352:
348:
339:
330:
326:
319:
309:
300:
291:
261:
179:
161:
158:Capitoline Wolf
143:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5145:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4957:
4955:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4522:Pomponius Mela
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4257:Aelius Donatus
4253:
4251:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4225:Ecclesiastical
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3966:Toys and games
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3506:Vigintisexviri
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Cursus honorum
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3265:Western Empire
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:Italian Empire
3094:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3048:Roman Republic
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
3000:Duchy of Lucca
2997:
2994:Duchy of Genoa
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2848:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2705:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Duchy of Gaeta
2566:
2560:
2558:
2551:
2547:Southern Italy
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2490:(c. 1000–1797)
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2442:County of Nice
2439:
2437:Duchy of Aosta
2434:
2429:
2424:
2417:Savoyard state
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Duchy of Milan
2349:
2347:Duchy of Ivrea
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Duchy of Ivrea
2085:
2080:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2054:Odoacer's rule
2050:
2048:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2018:(27 BC–395 AD)
2013:
2012:(509 BC–27 BC)
2010:Roman Republic
2007:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:Cisalpine Gaul
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1830:Numa Pompilius
1827:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1766:External links
1764:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1737:
1721:
1712:
1701:
1692:
1682:Parallel Lives
1666:
1632:
1622:Parallel Lives
1606:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1581:Tarquinia gens
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1519:chief senators
1372:Roman Republic
1370:Main article:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1339:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1314:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1263:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1238:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1213:
1207:
1204:Numa Pompilius
1199:
1198:
1191:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1137:
1134:
1083:
1080:
1076:rule by decree
1070:
1067:
1034:
1031:
966:
963:
891:
888:
827:
826:
824:
823:
816:
809:
801:
798:
797:
795:
794:
788:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
721:Vigintisexviri
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
674:
673:
672:
664:
663:
659:
658:
651:
650:
643:
636:
629:
621:
618:
617:
611:
610:
608:
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
574:
567:
562:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
501:
498:
497:
491:
490:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
466:
463:
462:
456:
455:
453:
452:
449:Cursus honorum
445:
440:
433:
428:
422:
419:
418:
412:
411:
409:
408:
403:
402:
401:
391:
390:
389:
379:
373:
370:
369:
363:
362:
361:
360:
351:
350:
341:
331:
329:
328:
321:
320:27 BC – AD 284
313:
312:
311:
310:27 BC – AD 395
302:
297:Roman Republic
293:
281:
280:
276:
275:
272:
271:
263:
262:
257:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
175:
167:
166:
163:
162:
155:
147:
146:
135:
134:
76:"King of Rome"
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5144:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:Kings of Rome
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4947:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:Julius Paulus
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4347:Fabius Pictor
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:Amphitheatres
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Deforestation
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:Siege engines
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:Establishment
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:Extraordinary
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:Promagistrate
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Twelve Tables
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Duchy of Sora
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2626:Muslim Sicily
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:Duchy of Rome
2128:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:Roman Kingdom
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Magna Graecia
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:Ancus Marcius
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:Kings of Rome
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1754:
1748:inhabited it.
1747:
1746:Julius Caesar
1741:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:Hostilia gens
1564:
1562:
1561:Pompilia gens
1559:
1557:
1556:Roman emperor
1554:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1364:
1350:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1259:
1258:
1257:Ancus Marcius
1253:
1249:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:
962:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
931:
927:
923:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
857:Palatine Hill
854:
850:
846:
845:Roman Kingdom
842:
838:
834:
822:
817:
815:
810:
808:
803:
802:
800:
799:
793:
790:
789:
787:
786:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:
704:
702:
701:
697:
695:
694:
690:
688:
687:
683:
681:
680:
676:
675:
671:
668:
667:
666:
665:
661:
660:
657:
656:
649:
648:
644:
642:
641:
637:
635:
634:
630:
628:
627:
623:
622:
620:
619:
616:
613:
612:
606:
605:
601:
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78: –
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72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Kings of Rome
5026:Institutions
4890:Leptis Magna
4843:Major cities
4750:Philostratus
4537:Quadrigarius
4357:Rufus Festus
4220:Contemporary
3941:Romanization
3864:Architecture
3641:
3471:Collegiality
3320:Constitution
3171:Ancient Rome
3100:(1861–1946)
3078:Papal States
2906:Transpadania
2479:Stato da Màr
2161:Papal States
2072:Lombard rule
2036:Early Modern
2024:(395–476 AD)
2016:Roman Empire
1996:Ancient Rome
1856:(578–535 BC)
1850:(616–579 BC)
1844:(642–617 BC)
1838:(673–642 BC)
1832:(717–673 BC)
1826:(753–717 BC)
1812:
1753:
1740:
1729:
1724:
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1457:
1448:
1430:
1426:rex sacrorum
1425:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1390:rex sacrorum
1388:
1386:
1375:
1344:534 – 509 BC
1331:
1319:578 – 534 BC
1306:
1293:616 – 578 BC
1280:
1268:640 – 616 BC
1255:
1243:672 – 640 BC
1230:
1218:715 – 672 BC
1202:
1186:753 – 716 BC
1170:
1148:Titus Tatius
1146:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1118:Second, the
1107:
1095:
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1072:
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1054:
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1038:
1036:
1026:
1022:custos urbis
1020:
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1005:
1000:
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980:
976:
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968:
960:
948:curule chair
937:
919:
899:
893:
861:
833:king of Rome
832:
830:
761:
754:
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638:
631:
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588:
582:
581:
569:
447:
435:
431:Collegiality
367:Constitution
355:
344:
335:
306:Roman Empire
304:
295:
286:
176:
156:
123:
117:January 2024
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
5021:Geographers
4705:Dioscorides
4685:Cassius Dio
4307:Cassiodorus
4210:Renaissance
3816:Agriculture
3788:Auxiliaries
3729:Engineering
3566:Magistrates
3418:Citizenship
3413:Mos maiorum
3348:Late Empire
3126:(1947–1954)
3120:(1943–1945)
3114:(1920–1924)
3106:(1882–1960)
3090:unification
3080:(1814–1870)
3074:(1815–1866)
3068:(1816–1861)
3062:(1814–1860)
3056:(1859–1860)
3050:(1849–1850)
3044:(1848–1849)
3026:(1815–1859)
3020:(1814–1859)
3014:(1814–1859)
3008:(1814–1829)
3002:(1815–1847)
2996:(1815–1848)
2886:Parthenopea
2847:(1792–1815)
2805:(1647–1648)
2771:(1282–1816)
2753:(1324–1861)
2714:Agugliastra
2579:Longobardia
2216:independent
2066:Vandal rule
1576:Tullia gens
1571:Marcia gens
1497:propraetors
1165:Succession
1097:interregnum
1037:The king's
1033:Chief Judge
906:was a weak
626:Mos maiorum
406:Late Empire
349:AD 395–1453
5101:Categories
4910:Mediolanum
4850:Alexandria
4815:Themistius
4780:Porphyrius
4607:Tertullian
4542:Quintilian
4532:Propertius
4427:Lactantius
4377:Fulgentius
4312:Censorinus
4134:Sanitation
4119:Metallurgy
4076:Technology
4041:Demography
3989:Patricians
3956:Spectacles
3914:Literature
3909:Hairstyles
3746:Technology
3496:Praefectus
3448:Government
3438:Litigation
3423:Auctoritas
3368:Centuriate
3255:Principate
3250:Pax Romana
3210:Foundation
2957:Pontecorvo
2915:Monarchies
2901:Subalpinia
2866:Cispadania
2861:Cisalpinia
2843:Napoleonic
2550:(774–1139)
2462:(697–1797)
2164:(754–1870)
2126:(584–751)
2074:(568–774)
1587:References
1493:proconsuls
1416:Regifugium
1347:(25 years)
1322:(44 years)
1296:(38 years)
1271:(24 years)
1246:(32 years)
1221:(43 years)
1189:(37 years)
952:toga picta
933:city-state
707:Praefectus
615:Public law
470:Centuriate
460:Assemblies
437:Auctoritas
340:AD 395–476
327:AD 284–641
317:Principate
292:753–509 BC
87:newspapers
5066:Quaestors
4996:Empresses
4986:Dynasties
4976:Dictators
4951:and other
4940:Volubilis
4935:Vindobona
4895:Londinium
4820:Theodoret
4790:Procopius
4770:Polyaenus
4745:Pausanias
4647:Vitruvius
4592:Symmachus
4587:Suetonius
4497:Petronius
4482:Obsequens
4447:Macrobius
4442:Lucretius
4367:Frontinus
4342:Eutropius
4327:Columella
4277:Augustine
4267:Appuleius
4215:Neo-Latin
4190:Classical
4181:Versions
4089:Aqueducts
4031:Patronage
3951:Sexuality
3924:Mythology
3899:Education
3889:Cosmetics
3714:Campaigns
3709:Structure
3662:Decemviri
3521:Imperator
3220:overthrow
2932:Guastalla
2922:Benevento
2854:Republics
2709:Judicates
2557:Byzantine
2214:and other
2152:(585–698)
2144:(554–752)
2138:(554–752)
2132:(533–751)
2117:(584–751)
2068:(435–534)
2062:(493–553)
2056:(476–493)
2047:(476–774)
1981:Iapygians
1510:imperator
1441:patrician
1044:patrician
942:wielding
908:oligarchy
841:rex Romae
749:Imperator
597:Decemviri
590:Triumviri
560:Corrector
301:509–27 BC
243:Appointer
233:Residence
225:Abolition
217:Formation
5071:Tribunes
5061:Praetors
5011:Generals
4991:Emperors
4900:Lugdunum
4885:Eboracum
4875:Carthage
4860:Aquileia
4775:Polybius
4765:Plutarch
4735:Libanius
4725:Josephus
4720:Herodian
4612:Tibullus
4527:Priscian
4502:Phaedrus
4462:Manilius
4407:Jordanes
4392:Hydatius
4322:Claudian
4302:Catullus
4292:Boëthius
4287:Ausonius
4205:Medieval
4177:Alphabet
4149:Theatres
4124:Numerals
4109:Concrete
4099:Circuses
4066:Bagaudae
4056:Adoption
4051:Marriage
4024:Assembly
3929:Religion
3904:Folklore
3884:Clothing
3879:Calendar
3836:Currency
3826:Commerce
3724:Strategy
3686:Military
3672:Triumvir
3652:Dictator
3647:Interrex
3626:Governor
3611:Quaestor
3574:Ordinary
3556:Province
3546:Tetrarch
3536:Augustus
3501:Vicarius
3491:Officium
3428:Imperium
3378:Plebeian
3338:Republic
3260:Dominate
3227:Republic
3188:Timeline
2891:Piedmont
2741:Oristano
2734:Logudoro
2724:Cagliari
2699:Sardinia
2432:Piedmont
2181:Holy See
2032:Medieval
1986:Picentes
1929:Samnites
1677:Plutarch
1617:Plutarch
1550:See also
1505:imperium
1501:imperium
1489:dictator
1476:imperium
1455:cognomen
1445:plebeian
1421:interrex
1395:pontiffs
1127:imperium
1121:imperium
1111:auspices
1102:interrex
1082:Election
1039:imperium
1027:imperium
1001:imperium
993:imperium
981:imperium
977:imperium
972:imperium
930:Etruscan
921:interrex
890:Overview
884:Republic
779:Tetrarch
769:Augustus
714:Vicarius
693:Officium
604:Interrex
565:Dictator
540:Governor
515:Quaestor
480:Plebeian
426:Imperium
382:Republic
357:Timeline
324:Dominate
142:King of
5107:750s BC
5041:Legions
5001:Fiction
4971:Consuls
4966:Climate
4920:Ravenna
4915:Pompeii
4905:Lutetia
4870:Bononia
4865:Berytus
4855:Antioch
4830:Zosimus
4825:Zonaras
4800:Sozomen
4785:Priscus
4760:Photius
4602:Terence
4597:Tacitus
4582:Statius
4567:Servius
4552:Sallust
4507:Plautus
4487:Orosius
4467:Martial
4422:Juvenal
4397:Hyginus
4382:Gellius
4241:Writers
4172:History
4154:Thermae
4144:Temples
4094:Bridges
4061:Slavery
4009:Equites
3981:Society
3961:Theatre
3934:Deities
3894:Cuisine
3874:Bathing
3856:Culture
3831:Finance
3808:Economy
3699:Borders
3694:History
3596:Tribune
3591:Praetor
3481:Legatus
3476:Emperor
3363:Curiate
3333:Kingdom
3328:History
3304:History
3287:decline
3245:History
3215:Kingdom
3198:History
3183:Outline
2972:Corsica
2962:Tuscany
2927:Etruria
2876:Liguria
2729:Gallura
2719:Arborea
2635:Lombard
2335:Tuscany
2325:Trieste
1961:Ligures
1922:Etruria
1824:Romulus
1734:online.
1628:Romulus
1532:to the
1481:consuls
1468:censors
1172:Romulus
1063:treason
1014:Celeres
997:decrees
940:lictors
868:dynasts
864:Romulus
853:Romulus
700:Praeses
679:Legatus
670:Emperor
530:Tribune
510:Praetor
475:Curiate
377:Kingdom
345:Eastern
336:Western
279:Periods
201:Romulus
192:Details
101:scholar
5117:509 BC
5051:Nomina
5036:Legacy
5016:Gentes
4953:topics
4949:Lists
4930:Smyrna
4810:Strabo
4740:Lucian
4730:Julian
4680:Arrian
4675:Appian
4665:Aelian
4642:Vergil
4417:Justin
4402:Jerome
4387:Horace
4372:Fronto
4362:Florus
4337:Ennius
4317:Cicero
4297:Caesar
4195:Vulgar
4019:Tribes
3946:Romans
3756:Legion
3739:castra
3616:Aedile
3586:Censor
3581:Consul
3541:Caesar
3511:Lictor
3433:Status
3373:Tribal
3353:Senate
3343:Empire
3237:Empire
3173:topics
3038:(1848)
3032:(1831)
2987:states
2952:Naples
2662:Norman
2469:Dogado
2340:Verona
2305:Mantua
2300:Istria
2280:Finale
2270:Ancona
2218:states
2038:states
1956:Veneti
1934:Latins
1521:, and
1450:Marcii
1447:, the
1433:flamen
1397:, the
1212:753 BC
1180:770 BC
1162:Reign
1159:Birth
975:. The
956:diadem
944:fasces
904:Senate
849:legend
774:Caesar
735:Lictor
535:Censor
525:Aedile
505:Consul
485:Tribal
394:Empire
228:509 BC
220:753 BC
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4715:Galen
4657:Greek
4627:Varro
4437:Lucan
4249:Latin
4164:Latin
4139:Ships
4129:Roads
4114:Domes
4046:Women
3994:Plebs
3919:Music
3461:Forum
3456:Curia
3088:Post-
2937:Italy
2881:Lucca
2871:Italy
2422:Savoy
2330:Turin
2310:Milan
2295:Ivrea
1971:Umbri
1944:Celts
1536:(and
1437:Janus
1406:Regia
1195:Remus
1156:Name
1115:augur
837:Latin
108:JSTOR
94:books
5031:Laws
5006:Film
4925:Roma
4492:Ovid
4432:Livy
4200:Late
4014:Gens
3971:Wine
3783:Navy
3751:Army
3390:SPQR
3292:fall
3270:fall
2967:Elba
2896:Rome
2845:eras
2841:and
2814:Gozo
2613:Arab
2596:and
2275:Ceva
1939:Osci
1758:etc.
1688:Numa
1653:Livy
1515:most
1495:and
1485:Livy
1376:The
946:, a
896:king
831:The
237:Rome
144:Rome
80:news
4185:Old
3869:Art
3642:Rex
3486:Dux
3400:Law
2034:and
1458:Rex
1435:to
1380:of
1338:???
1313:???
1287:???
1262:???
1237:???
900:rex
686:Dux
633:Ius
583:Rex
63:by
5103::
1685:,
1679:,
1669:^
1661:,
1655:,
1635:^
1625:,
1619:,
1609:^
1460:.
1342:c.
1317:c.
1291:c.
1266:c.
1241:c.
1216:c.
1210:c.
1197:.
1184:c.
1178:c.
1065:.
1050:.
886:.
839::
3163:e
3156:t
3149:v
1895:e
1888:t
1881:v
1805:e
1798:t
1791:v
1663:I
898:(
835:(
820:e
813:t
806:v
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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