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with gourds attached to act as resonators and frets. It was played in India into the late 19th century and was documented by two
European artists. The instrument dates back into medieval times (documented in the 13th century) and possibly as far back as 500 C.E. It is closely related to the
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zither. On that instrument, the stick allows a musician to make quick minor modifications to the string's pitch, raising and lowering the pitch as it is placed higher and lower on the stick. In Indian music, this would help the musician switch quickly between tunings for different songs.
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had the bottom cut off, which was pressed into the musician's chest while the instrument was being played. This created a "closed resonance chamber". The instrument shared this feature with the
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plant, but in recent years, metal stings have been used. The instrument may be on the edge of extinction, as a news article has reported that only one experienced player is now living.
202:
117:, Buddhist and Hindu mythological creatures that are pictured playing stick zithers or tube zithers. The kinnari vina is traditionally carved with a bird emblem on one end.
381:. The squared circle on the instrument's bottom is a platform for the stringholder and bridge. It connects to the tube, delivering vibrations to tube and gourd resonators.
137:, from the relief of the hidden base of Borobudur - 1890-1891. The kinnara is pressing the gourd resonator into his chest. The end of the stick zither resembles a bird.
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gourd. The gourd is pierced with a bamboo rod so that it sticks out on both sides of the calabash and forms a neck. Traditionally, it was strung with fiber from the
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746:
30:
535:
519:
Alastair Dick; Gordon Geekie; Richard
Widdess (1984). "Vina, section 4 Medieval stick zithers, section 7 The Hindustani Bīn". In Sadie, Stanley (ed.).
536:"How the Ancient Indian Vīṇā Travelled to Other Asian Countries: A Reconstruction through Scriptures, Sculptures, Paintings and Living Traditions"
369:
719:
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393:(1175-1247). Versions of the Kinnara vina, according to him, included the Bruhati kinnara, Madhyama kinnara, and Laghvee Kinnara.
318:
As music developed in India to include a 12-tone scale, ca. 700-800, the tube zithers developed frets. Pictures show both long (
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Kumba (1400 A.D.) attributes the invention of the fourteen fretted kinnari to
Matanga (800 A.D.) the author of Brhad-desi. ...]
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is a version of the kinnari found in Tamil. The Tamil instrument is a one-stringed pierced-lute, made from a calabash or
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on the top. Fretted tube-zither vinas are mentioned in literature by 800 C.E., coexisting with the non-fretted vinas. The
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732:
494:
254:
Kinnari vina, 19th century C.E., from the
Metropolitan Museum of Art. Instrument has a bird (left) and an animal (right).
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679:
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The instrument in modern times has a notched or carved stick mounted vertically on the tube, similar to the
African
17:
378:
631:"Catching the solitary tune of Kinnaram: a new documentary explores the journey of a folk music artiste"
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could be 2.5 inches tall and 5.5 inches wide. The height increased with the addition of frets.
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Bīn or rudra veena, Musée de la
Musique (Paris). Instrument has a bird (right side).
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576:
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223:
Woman playing kinnari vina, from painting by Rahim
Deccani, late 17th century C.E.
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880:
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labeled "tingadee." The spike is a bridge, directing string energy to resonator.
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Kinnari veena with a yahli monster head, as well as a carved bird. Before 1879.
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400:(tube), and its thickness. The tubes evidently were not round, as a basic
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Kinnari Vina, late 19th century. The bird is supposed to represent a
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Preserved kinnari vina in Cité de la
Musique Philharmonie de Paris
483:. New York & London: Novello, Ewer & Company. p. 185.
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The music and musical instruments of southern India and the Deccan
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38:. The instrument's body was a hollowed out stick, forming a tube.
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were attributed to
Matanga (800 A.D.) the author of Brhad-desi.
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Piyal
Bhattacharya; Shreetama Chowdhury (January–March 2021).
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88:(written 1210 - 1247 C.E.) By the late 19th century, the
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vina was 35 inches in length, with a width of 5 inches.
326:-style) tube zithers. Some of these may also be called
211:, ca. 1630-1640 C.E. A kinnari vina played by a prince
65:, the instruments having coexisted in medieval times.
495:"A Strolling Minstrel at Madras Playing the Tingadee"
476:
663:
670:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp.
549:(1). Vivekananda International Foundation: 50–53.
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423:is 43 inches, with a width "in proportion." The
415:50 inches long, with a width of 6.5 inches. The
563:Karaikudi S. Subramanian (Spring–Summer 1985).
521:The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments
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575:(2). University of Texas Press: 9–13, 19.
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48:(Sanskrit: किन्नरी वीणा) is a historical
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113:The instrument shares its name with the
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715:Multiple photos of above Kinnari veena.
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373:Ca, 12th century C.E. Musician playing
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286:kinnari, alapini and eka-tantri vinas
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92:survived as a "folk instrument," in
629:Jesudasan, Dennis S. (2021-07-23).
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315:often had a third resonance gourd.
24:
666:The History of Musical Instruments
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299:stick zither and tube zither. The
291:The center gourd on a three gourd
25:
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605:SARASWATHI VEENA(SARASWATI VEENA)
1124:Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)
988:Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh)
501:. 29 January 1876. p. 105.
337:In the early Mughal Empire, the
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172:descends from the kinnari veena.
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311:might have a second gourd. The
184:Statue of a musician playing a
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303:had a single gourd, while the
192:(Thousand Pillar Hall) in the
13:
1:
565:"An Introduction to the Vina"
523:. pp. 729–732. Volume 3.
460:
407:According to Sarngadeva, the
477:Charles Russell Day (1891).
330:. In 1400, the frets on the
7:
1211:Historical/possibly extinct
499:The Illustrated London News
379:Chennakeshava Temple, Belur
100:, India, and in the modern
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1254:Indian musical instruments
756:Indian musical instruments
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194:Meenakshi Temple, Madurai
1187:Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya
1192:Indian classical music
947:Bowed Stringed (Vitat)
844:Plucked Stringed (Tat)
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39:
417:madhyama kinnara vina
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365:Medieval kinnari vina
341:had two strings, the
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662:Sachs, Curt (1940).
601:"Varieties of Veena"
454:Saccharum spontaneum
133:and flute played by
707:heads adorn modern
322:-style) and short (
266:Kinnari vina, 1903.
156:, with an apparent
921:Electronic tanpura
389:was documented by
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345:had three and the
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27:Musical instrument
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1105:Jori (instrument)
543:National Security
129:9th century C.E.
86:Sangita Ratnakara
80:was mentioned by
16:(Redirected from
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74:eka-tantri vina
68:Along with the
63:Eka-tantri Vina
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1264:Chordophones
1259:Tube zithers
1228:Kinnari vina
1218:Ālāpiṇī vīṇā
995:Anandalahari
861:Gottuvadhyam
686:pierced lute
685:
665:
657:
646:. Retrieved
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387:kinnari vina
386:
384:
375:Kinnari vina
374:
355:
353:had 5 or 6.
350:
346:
342:
339:kinarri vina
338:
336:
332:kinnari vina
331:
327:
323:
319:
317:
313:kinnari vina
312:
309:kinnari vina
308:
304:
301:alapini vina
300:
297:ālāpiṇī vīṇā
296:
293:kinnari vina
292:
290:
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240:Kinnari vina
239:
189:
186:kinnari vina
185:
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154:kinnari vina
153:
131:Stick zither
112:
105:
101:
94:South Kanara
90:kinnari vina
89:
78:kinnari vina
77:
73:
70:alapini vina
69:
67:
59:Alapini Vina
45:kinnari vina
44:
43:
41:
18:Kinnari vina
1233:Pinaka vina
871:Rudra veena
569:Asian Music
411:vina had a
170:rudra veena
54:tube zither
1248:Categories
1146:Jal tarang
911:Swarmandal
891:Seni Rebab
820:Shruti box
795:Nadaswaram
648:2022-07-03
461:References
391:Śārṅgadeva
320:eka-tantri
107:rudra vina
82:Śārṅgadeva
1075:Mridangam
775:Harmonium
643:0971-751X
635:The Hindu
150:Sarasvati
1156:Khanjani
1141:Ghungroo
1085:Pakhawaj
906:Swarabat
901:Surbahar
449:sorakkai
445:kinnaram
437:kinnaram
238:, 1876.
135:kinnaras
1171:Morsing
1166:Manjira
1161:Khartal
1065:Mardala
1045:Kanjira
969:Sarinda
964:Sarangi
954:Dilruba
916:Tanpura
876:Santoor
815:Shehnai
810:Shankha
770:Bansuri
672:102–103
433:kinnari
402:kinnari
377:at the
324:alapini
188:at the
115:kinnara
84:in his
1202:Jivari
1151:Kartal
1136:Ghatam
1131:Chimta
1115:Udukai
1095:Sambal
1080:Nagada
1070:Mizhav
1050:Khamak
1040:Edakka
1035:Dholki
1030:Dholak
1010:Damaru
1005:Chenda
1000:Chande
979:Violin
856:Ektara
851:Dotara
830:Tharai
825:Sringa
790:Kuzhal
780:Karnay
678:
641:
421:dandam
419:had a
413:dandam
398:dandum
351:jantar
347:yantra
236:Madras
159:makara
98:Mysore
76:, the
1180:Other
1110:Tavil
1100:Tabla
1090:Parai
1060:Madal
1020:Duggi
1015:Dhaak
959:Esraj
928:Veena
896:Sitar
886:Sarod
805:Pungi
800:Nafir
785:Kombu
539:(PDF)
209:Mewar
50:veena
1055:Khol
1025:Dhol
974:Taus
938:Yazh
866:Pena
835:Venu
705:Yali
676:ISBN
639:ISSN
443:The
385:The
358:mvet
307:and
165:yali
96:and
72:and
61:and
52:, a
42:The
36:kite
577:doi
349:or
343:bīn
162:or
104:or
102:bīn
1250::
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615:^
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603:.
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583:.
573:16
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469:^
110:.
748:e
741:t
734:v
711:.
651:.
579::
547:4
435:(
196:.
20:)
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