179:
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876:"GAGAVUZ TÜRKÇESİ İLE KOCAELİ YERLİ (MANAV) AĞIZLARI ARASINDAKİ PARALELLİKLER, 2022, VI. Uluslararası Türklerin Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu, PARALLELS BETWEEN GAGAVUZ TURKISH AND KOCAELİ NATİVE TURK (MANAV) DİALECTS, Kenan Acar, 2022, VI. International Turkish World Social Sciences Symposium"
676:
Atamız kim köktesiñ. Alğışlı bolsun seniñ atıñ, kelsin seniñ xanlığıñ, bolsun seniñ tilemekiñ – neçik kim kökte, alay yerde. Kündeki ötmegimizni bizge bugün bergil. Dağı yazuqlarımıznı bizge boşatqıl – neçik biz boşatırbız bizge yaman etkenlerge. Dağı yekniñ sınamaqına bizni quurmağıl. Basa barça
860:
481:; the language was similar to today's various languages of the West Kipchak branch. Cuman is documented in medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus, and in early modern manuscripts, like the notebook of Benedictine monk Johannes ex Grafing. It was a literary language in
587:, and retained the Quman-Qipchaq Turkic language, and the process of consolidating the multi-ethnic conglomerate of the Peninsula began, which has led to the emergence of the Crimean Tatar people.
906:"Crimean Tatar proper, called the 'central dialect', belonged to the West Kipchak subbranch as a descendant of Kuman." (Lars Johanson, Turkic, Cambridge University Press, 2021, pg. 62)
758:
Knauer, Georg
Nicholaus (2010). "The Earliest Vocabulary of Romani Words (c. 1515) in the Collectanea of Johannes ex Grafing, a student of Johannes Reuchlin and Conrad Celtis".
843:
1071:"Codex cumanicus, Bibliothecae ad templum divi Marci Venetiarum primum ex integro editit prolegomenis notis et compluribus glossariis instruxit comes Géza Kuun"
936:
572:(Hungary) who died in 1770. The Cuman language in Crimea, however, managed to survive. The Cuman language is considered the direct ancestor of the current
720:
István Varró, a member of the Jász-Cuman mission to the empress of
Austria Maria Theresa and the known last speaker of the Cuman language, died in 1770.
2007:
964:[The Transfer of Cumans and Alans from Balkans to Anatolia by Byzantine Empire against the Turkish Expansion in the Western Anatolia].
1113:
568:, which was its last stronghold. Tradition holds that the last speaker of the Cuman language in Hungary was István Varró, a resident of
1145:
919:
1108:
962:"Bati Anadolu'dakı Türk Yayilișina Karși Bızans İmparatorluğu'nun Kuman-Alan Topluluklarini Balkanlardan Anadolu'ya Nakletmesi"
141:
113:
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2002:
17:
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49:
127:
1138:
98:
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109:
2012:
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1131:
1439:
760:
187:
2017:
1800:
1514:
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1182:
346:
87:
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1640:
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553:
are descended from the Cumans. Today, the speakers of these various languages belonging to the
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1974:
1660:
1170:
1950:
961:
134:
1790:
1616:
1352:
641:
583:
By a preponderance
Cumanian population of the Crimea acquired the name "Tatars", embraced
8:
1590:
1499:
1306:
1070:
55:
1269:
983:
777:
565:
937:"Sun Language Theory, Part 2: The Steppes of Tartary (Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Kyrgyz)"
731:
560:
The literary Cuman language became extinct in the early 18th century in the region of
426:
1916:
1805:
1461:
1406:
1322:
1299:
1292:
987:
781:
607:
554:
467:
356:
351:
844:"YALAKOVA'DAN YALOVA'YA Prof. Dr. Halil İnalcık Anısına Yalova Tarihi Araştırmaları"
1886:
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Mustafa Argunşah, Galip Güner (2015), Codex
Cumanicus, Kesit Yayınları, İstanbul.
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that left a rich literary inheritance. The language became the main language (
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with possible incorporations of the other languages in the region, like
1847:
1838:
745:
The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans
627:
595:
1046:"Публикация ННР О языке куманов: По поводу издания куманского словаря"
773:
505:
1357:
1095:
Güner, Galip (2013), Kıpçak Türkçesi
Grameri, Kesit Press, İstanbul.
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530:
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419:
403:
1027:
821:
561:
321:
76:
1123:
916:
888:
István Vásáry (2005) Cumans and Tatars, Cambridge
University Press.
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478:
304:
640:
believed that among the current languages Cuman is closest to the
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1932:
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569:
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branch speak variations closely related to the Cuman language.
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534:
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300:
584:
824:[The Last Turks Settled in Anatolia by Byzantium].
590:
The Cuman-Kipchaks had an important role in the history of
513:
The Cumans were nomadic people who lived on the steppes of
1025:
1013:"Latent Turkification of Byzantium (ca. 1071–1461)"
326:
Other regions: evolved into other
Kipchak languages
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1989:
822:"Bızans'in Anadolu'ya Yerleştırdığı Son Türkler"
1068:
1010:
861:"Anadolu'ya yerleştirilen Kumanlar (Manavlar)"
1139:
972:(276). Turkish Historical Society: 403–418.
742:
674:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1146:
1132:
977:
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
909:
504:
186:This article includes a list of general
917:"Historical fate of the Crimean Tatars"
14:
1990:
819:
757:
713:
324:: 1770, with the death of István Varró
2008:Languages extinct in the 18th century
1127:
959:
953:
477:(Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and
1153:
525:. Many Turkic peoples including the
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
27:Extinct West Kipchak Turkic language
934:
24:
1973:Languages between parentheses are
1019:
192:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2029:
1102:
45:This article has multiple issues.
1114:Lord's Prayer in Hungarian Cuman
1069:Kuun; Géza; et al. (1880).
873:
826:Eski̇çağ Araştirmalari Dergi̇si̇
177:
75:
34:
1062:
1038:
1004:
928:
900:
891:
882:
677:yamandan bizni qutxarğıl. Amen!
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1977:of the language on their left.
1032:Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi
867:
853:
836:
832:] (in Turkish) (3): 29–32.
813:
788:
751:
736:
725:
707:
574:language of the Crimean Tatars
13:
1:
1119:Kipchak Middle Age literature
1026:Dimitri Korobeinikov (2015).
830:Journal of Ancient Researches
700:
960:Ayönü, Yusuf (August 2012).
7:
1028:"The Cumans in Paphlagonia"
716:Byzantium and the Pechenegs
683:
656:From the book known as the
277:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
10:
2034:
1089:
979:10.37879/belleten.2012.403
796:"Turkic written memorials"
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935:Sun, Kevin (2019-04-07).
732:Glottolog entry for Cuman
662:, a Cuman Kipchak Turkic
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1109:Texts in Ukrainian Cuman
1081:– via Archive.org.
2003:Agglutinative languages
1903:Disputed classification
714:Melnyk, Mykola (2022).
675:
618:(see, for example, the
207:more precise citations.
681:
668:Common Turkic Alphabet
510:
454:, self referred to as
1662:Old Anatolian Turkish
820:Yilmaz, Adil (2018).
743:Florin Curta (2007).
672:
508:
1011:Rustam M. Shukurov.
1000:DOI: English version
922:11 July 2006 at the
897:Stearns(1979:39–40).
666:(transcribed in the
95:improve this article
1591:Chaharmahali Turkic
1050:books.e-heritage.ru
2013:Medieval languages
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1969:extinct languages
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1015:. Dumbarton Oaks.
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747:. p. 406.
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93:Please help
88:verification
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1791:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1633:Ajem-Turkic
1617:Azerbaijani
993:October 12,
768:(1): 1–15.
205:introducing
1992:Categories
1849:Old Uyghur
1651:Karapapakh
1500:Karakalpak
1308:Karakhanid
1301:Khorezmian
1077:August 11,
1055:2023-07-03
946:2019-09-17
701:References
628:Bessarabia
596:Kazakhstan
452:Polovtsian
188:references
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1975:varieties
1967:indicate
1951:Qoqmončaq
1359:Old Tatar
1270:Ili Turki
988:245309166
782:170292032
543:Krymchaks
531:Karachays
519:Black Sea
493:) of the
460:tatar til
420:Glottolog
404:ISO 639-3
297:Ethnicity
267:Tatar til
56:talk page
1918:Pecheneg
1715:Southern
1694:Northern
1686:Siberian
1579:Southern
1568:Trukhmen
1462:Telengit
1407:Krymchak
1348:Nagaibak
1294:Chagatai
966:Belleten
920:Archived
684:See also
632:Bulgaria
624:Moldavia
592:Anatolia
479:Kipchaks
466:) was a
427:cuma1241
305:Kipchaks
1965:Italics
1933:pidgins
1929:Creoles
1887:Chuvash
1811:Chelkan
1806:Kumandy
1784:Yenisei
1656:Turkish
1610:Western
1601:Sonqori
1596:Qashqai
1586:Afshari
1563:Turkmen
1551:Eastern
1338:Bashkir
1323:Kipchak
1246:Eastern
1225:Western
1090:Sources
805:27 July
644:of the
616:Romania
612:Hungary
608:Georgia
600:Ukraine
566:Hungary
562:Cumania
555:Kipchak
547:Balkars
501:History
483:Central
448:Qypchaq
444:Kipchak
352:Kipchak
316:Extinct
291:Cumania
261:Kipchak
201:improve
135:scholar
1946:Kurbet
1941:Hezhou
1911:Khazar
1893:Bulgar
1796:Khakas
1761:Dukhan
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1722:Chulym
1701:Dolgan
1646:Gagauz
1505:Kazakh
1474:Baraba
1457:Teleut
1447:Kyrgyz
1433:Kyrgyz
1402:Karaim
1331:Bulgar
1258:Khoton
1253:Uyghur
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