1209:
1224:
1090:
1587:
1576:
551:
1598:
840:
1101:
606:
256:
6929:
1179:, and Moropant contributed to develop this form of kirtan. A Naradiya kirtan performance can last for period of any length, from half an hour to three hours. Attendees may wear traditional clothing and the performers use instruments like the Indian harmonium, drums, and string instruments of various types mostly "Zanz", "chipali", "Tal" or "Chimata". Naradiya kirtan performers are usually very learned in literature, music, dance, acting and comedy.
855:
63:
6921:
593:
1369:
35:
1758:"). In this case, kirtan is seen as a social, expressive and holistic experience which helps one connect with the inner self. It is also considered egalitarian and manifests as an eclectic practice which draws on multiple cultures and is tolerant to most religions. Western spiritual kirtan can be found in
1158:
is divided into five main parts: naman (prayer), Purvaranga (the main spiritual lesson), chanting the names of God, katha or Akhyan (a story to support the lesson), final prayer. The
Naradiya Marathi Kirtan popular in Maharashtra is most often performed by a single performer, and contains the poetry
762:
While kirtan is influenced by the practice of Indian classical music, they are much simpler than the complicated instrumental and vocal compositions of Indian classical ensembles. The focus of kirtan is on the lyrics or mantras, which deliver religious messages and stories. Guy Beck, writing on the
1785:
in
California airports such as in Los Angeles. The court ruled that while ISKCON has a constitutional rights of protected speech, the Los Angeles airport also has a right to forbid any form of solicitation, out of "a legitimate interest in controlling pedestrian congestion and reducing the risk of
1147:
The show goes for two or three hours as time permits and is not divided into parts like "Naradiya Kirtan". This form was effectively performed for years by personalities like Hari Bhakti
Parayan (sincere devotee of god) Sonopant (mama) Dandekar, Dhunda maharaj Deglurkar, Babamaharaj Satarkar,
373:
for example, Novetzke says, a kirtan is a call-and-response style performance, ranging from devotional dancing and singing by a lead singer and audience to an "intricate scholarly treatise, a social commentary or a philosophical/linguistic exposition" that includes narration, allegory, humor,
723:) were influential in the development of Indian devotional music genres like kirtan (which, though written in the vernacular, often imitated the style of Sanskrit bhakti poems). Jayadeva was a great classical composer and wrote devotional music in the dhruvapada style (which is similar to
746:
scale and they incorporate a chorus led by a leader. Much of the musical value is subordinated to the sentimental emotion expressed in the words of the song." Regarding the southern (Carnatic) traditions of kirtan, they are generally "less ornate" than northern kirtan, making less use of
1773:
For some
Western practitioners, kirtan is seen as a way of socializing, relaxing, achieving meditative states, expressing oneself, attaining inner peace and positive emotions, getting to know one's inner self, and cultivating love for a deity and for others.
1335:, or professional trained performers. A Sikh Kirtan is a religious, aesthetic and social event, usually held in a congregational setting on Sundays or over certain festivals to honor the historical Gurus, but major temples in the Sikh tradition recite
771:. A large variety of musical styles and forms exist, and no single formula has ever been mandated by custom to the exclusion of others. Musicians and religious leaders thus freely compose religious and devotional songs." However, some kirtan styles
3577:
Rina Krut
Moskovich: The Role of Music in the Liturgy of Emigrant Jews from Bombay: The Morning Prayer for the Three Festivals. In: Asian Music, Bd. 17, Nr. 2 (Music in the Ethnic Communities of Israel) Frühjahr–Sommer 1986, S. 88–107, hier S.
790:
Regarding the arrangement, most kirtan performances are done by a group, with a choir led by a lead singer sitting on the floor, though sometimes, kirtan is done by standing group in temples, religious processions, or on the street.
763:
northern kirtan tradition, states that "melody and rhythm are important, but devotional singers normally deplore musical virtuosity for its own sake, in contrast with the classical
Hindustani and Karnatak traditions, which emphasize
538:
are structured for more audience participation, where the singer calls a spiritual chant, a hymn or a devotional theme, the audience responds by repeating the chant or by chanting back a reply of their shared beliefs.
1223:
3805:
822:. The performance may be punctuated by short sermons or stories. The song repertoire is generally drawn from medieval authors, but may include more recent additions. In temples, a formal worship ceremony (
168:, set to music, wherein multiple singers recite the names of a deity, describe a legend, express loving devotion to a deity, or discuss spiritual ideas. It may include dancing or direct expression of
134:. It also refers to a genre of religious performance arts, connoting a musical form of narration, shared recitation, or devotional singing, particularly of spiritual or religious ideas, native to the
569:
1182:
Jugalbandi Kirtan is performed by two persons, allowing question-answer, dialogue and debate. Performance requires skill in music, dance, comedy, oratory, debate, memory, general knowledge and
1383:
Numerous
Buddhist traditions use vocal music with instrumental accompaniment as part of their rituals and devotional practices. Buddhist vocal music and chanting is often part of Buddhist
1186:
literature. Training takes place at the Kirtan Kul in Sangli, the Akhil
Bharatiya Kirtan Sanstha in Dadar, Mumbai, the Narad Mandir at Sadashiv Peth, Pune and the Kalidas Mahavidyalay in
1552:, a Jewish community in the Indian subcontinent, adopted the devotional singing style Kirtan from their Marathi Hindu neighbors. Their main traditional musical instruments are the
567:
1636:
Kirtan became more common with the spread of Indian religious movements in the West in the 1960s. Movements which were influential in bringing Indian kirtan to West include the
524:
musical structure, similar to an intimate conversation or gentle sharing of ideas. Kirtan also generally includes two or more musical instruments, and has roots in
Sanskrit
2752:
341:(chapter 13.2, c. 800–700 BCE), for example, are written in the form of a riddle play between two actors. According to Louis Renou, in this text, "the Vedic sacrifice (
172:(emotive states) by the singer. Many kirtan performances are structured to engage the audience where they either repeat the chant, or reply to the call of the singer.
354:(literally, "collective performance"), is a kind of collective chanting or musical conversation. As a genre of religious performance art, it developed in the Indian
568:
247:, as well as other religious groups. Kirtan is sometimes accompanied by story-telling and acting. Texts typically cover religious, mythological or social subjects.
1537:
6120:
3536:
313:, contextually means "to mention, make mention of, tell, name, call, recite, repeat, relate, declare, communicate, commemorate, celebrate, praise, glorify".
1208:
1723:
in 2006, kirtan has taken on a wider popularity. Some
Western kirtan singers have also adapted kirtan songs with influences from other styles, including
1429:
often have a negative attitude towards music, possibly because it was considered sensual and inconsistent with its core monastic teachings. However,
1155:
1115:
1884:
1708:
1637:
2184:
Sara Black Brown (2014). "Krishna, Christians, and Colors: The Socially Binding Influence of Kirtan Singing at a Utah Hare Krishna Festival".
981:
launched a devotional movement which focused on kirtan songs about baby Krishna and his early childhood. One ofshoot of this tradition is the
3833:
1684:
332:(Vedic ritual offering), which meant a dual recitation of Vedic hymns in a dialogue style that was part of a ritual dramatic performance.
2666:
Karen Pechelis (2011), Bhakti Traditions, in The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies (Editors: Jessica Frazier, Gavin Flood), Bloomsbury,
1704:
1073:. During his long and prolific career, he reputedly composed and sang 32,000 Sankirtanas and 12 Shatakas (sets of hundred verses) in both
4767:
4784:
3710:
347:) is presented as a kind of drama, with its actors, its dialogues, its portion to be set to music, its interludes, and its climaxes."
6124:
3427:
1736:
1020:
sub-tradition between the 7th to 10th century CE. After the 13th-century, two subgenres of kirtan emerged in Vaishnavism, namely the
1089:
3520:
3495:
5508:
1391:
in which they may be seen as offerings to the Buddha. Chants, songs and plays about the life of the Buddha by the Buddhists of
366:, and includes varying mixtures of musical instruments, dance, oration, theatre, audience participation, and moral narration.
810:), and the chorus (which may include the audience as well) repeats the lines and provides musical accompaniment and keeps the
5815:
3625:
3504:
3329:
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3231:
3204:
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2539:
2512:
2479:
2452:
2391:
2351:
2324:
2222:
2165:
2135:
2089:
2059:
2005:
1969:
1663:
Western kirtan singers, some of who learned in India, have also popularized the practice. Western kirtan performers include
6976:
6956:
6529:
1046:
1065:, a 14th-century Vaishnava mystic, represent the earliest known southern music called "sankirtana". He wrote in praise of
742:) traditions. Speaking of the Bengali kirtan tradition, Peggy Holroyde writes that "kirtans do not strictly adhere to the
5652:
5615:
3562:
Jüdische Musik. IV: Östliche Diaspora (14.–19. Jahrhundert). 3. Orientalische Gemeinden. b. Indien (Bene Israel, Cochin).
1781:
has also been used to specifically refer to the promotional activities of ISKCON. ISKCON had sought the right to perform
2842:, edited by Donald S. Lopez, Jr., Princeton Readings in Religions, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995: 333-351.
2835:
1012:
Kirtan as a genre of religious music has been a major part of the Vaishnavism tradition, particularly starting with the
5073:
3144:
2671:
2428:
2411:
1712:
405:—a name derived from their being used for congregational singing and performance arts. Kirtan is also sometimes called
176:
1536:
There are also some Western Buddhists who have recently adopted kirtan singing. One Western Buddhist kirtan artist is
613:
Musical recitation of hymns, mantras and the praise of deities has ancient roots in Hinduism, and may be found in the
6991:
4951:
3826:
3650:
3098:
3000:
2247:
2032:
6729:
3588:
1354:, a word that in ancient Indian texts means "like minded individuals, or fellow travelers on a spiritual journey".
279:: कीर्तन) generally means "telling, narrating, describing, enumerating, reporting". The Sanskrit root of kirtan is
1276:
and accompanied with musical instruments. The Gurus themselves created numerous musical instruments including the
7006:
6089:
5770:
5309:
3134:
6828:
6823:
2270:
Novetzke, Christian Lee (2003). "Divining an Author: The Idea of Authorship in an Indian Religious Tradition".
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6338:
5620:
923:
and Krishna, understood as being the love between the soul and God. Chaitanya is also known as the father of
6699:
5647:
5498:
5451:
3819:
3160:
3088:
1995:
1916:
1786:
fraud and duress attendant to repetitive, in-person solicitation of funds" by all groups including ISKCON.
859:
504:
are closely related, sharing common aims (devotion, faith, spiritual uplift and liberation), subjects, and
6509:
5640:
3780:
3768:
1755:
1657:
1437:
sources tend to be much more positive to music, seeing it as a suitable offering to the Buddhas and as a
633:), though this may include Sanskrit mantras. This style of vernacular singing became popular during the
6971:
6303:
5970:
5550:
4913:
4648:
3866:
1984:
MacDonell, A. A. (2004). A practical Sanskrit Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pages 15, 382-383
1896:
1388:
873:
and was very influential on later Vaishnava northern kirtan. Chandidas was instrumental in the Bengali
731:
512:
is freer, and can be a single melody performed by a single singer with or without musical instruments.
3756:
Eastern Practices and Nordic Bodies: Lived Religion, Spirituality and Healing in the Nordic Countries,
3743:
Eastern Practices and Nordic Bodies: Lived Religion, Spirituality and Healing in the Nordic Countries,
2628:
Eastern Practices and Nordic Bodies: Lived Religion, Spirituality and Healing in the Nordic Countries,
6595:
6575:
6524:
6383:
6208:
6116:
6023:
5920:
5915:
5808:
4622:
1874:
1567:
like Susan Deikman. These jewish kirtans replace Sanskrit Hindu lyrics with Hebrew songs and chants.
517:
175:
A kirtan performance includes an accompaniment of regionally popular musical instruments, especially
157:
1033:
In the modern era, north Indian styles of kirtan are widely practiced in the modernist movements of
7001:
6996:
6961:
6704:
6580:
6559:
5910:
5334:
5163:
4842:
648:, who emphasized emotional loving relationship with a personal God, and also by the figures of the
6504:
1794:
The male given name Kirtan or Kirtana is used in South India for females as well, particularly in
1441:
to bring sentient beings to Buddhism. Buddhist songs and chants make use of the following genres:
679:
after the 12th century. The foundations of the kirtan traditions are also found in works like the
6893:
6870:
6468:
5980:
5955:
5590:
5393:
5218:
5193:
5100:
5078:
3876:
17:
6489:
1739:
There are also Kirtan singers in the west who sing more traditional Indian style kirtan such as
6724:
6423:
6408:
6398:
6378:
6373:
6178:
6084:
5985:
5960:
5605:
5595:
5555:
5421:
4873:
4852:
4695:
2947:"Krishna as Loving Husband of God: The Alternative Krishnology of the Rādhāvallabha Sampradaya"
2367:
1606:
1426:
1418:
1062:
617:. A key feature of popular Hindu kirtan is that it is mostly sung in vernacular languages like
560:
363:
310:
3615:
3486:
2869:
2442:
2341:
6908:
6848:
6761:
6494:
6363:
6333:
6112:
6071:
5436:
5383:
5304:
4944:
4246:
2946:
2921:
2504:
2314:
2212:
2049:
1889:
1614:
1373:
5329:
5319:
1553:
730:
There are various forms of Hindu kirtan, including northern traditions (often influenced by
6986:
6966:
6838:
6796:
6781:
6719:
6689:
6499:
6393:
6198:
6051:
6038:
5995:
5801:
5758:
5736:
5585:
5515:
5426:
5353:
5083:
4832:
3537:"Buddhist Kirtan: Interview with American Mantra Musician Lee Mirabai Harrington, Part One"
1879:
1854:
1720:
1672:
1664:
1499:
1470:
1285:
1126:. It is usually based on the works of seven famous Maharashtri saints: Saint Nivruttinath,
908:
904:. The Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā tradition produced many great Bengali language poets and singers.
5324:
8:
6898:
6833:
6791:
6751:
6746:
6709:
6388:
6323:
6313:
5630:
5610:
5570:
5540:
4969:
3842:
1869:
1859:
1668:
1653:
1649:
1586:
1526:
1240:
1034:
919:, promoting and teaching the singing of Vaishnava songs which celebrate the love between
907:
The 16th century CE saw an explosion of Vaishnava kirtan in the north. During this time,
818:). Sometimes the lead may have some solo lines, and the chorus can accompany them with a
794:
Generally speaking, the performance may begin with recitations of Sanskrit mantras, like
337:
220:
135:
67:
2111:, PhD Thesis, Florida State University (Advisor: Michael Bakan), pages 25-26, 87-88, 277
1270:(Sikh temples). Sikh scriptures and legends are usually recited in a song, to a certain
802:
sings a song or a mantra while accompanying himself with a versatile instrument (like a
6924:
6903:
6734:
6659:
6463:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6328:
6203:
6183:
6108:
6079:
6018:
5950:
5895:
5625:
5483:
5473:
5463:
5441:
5431:
5408:
5373:
5276:
5068:
5063:
4973:
4883:
4627:
4518:
4261:
4152:
4147:
4115:
3384:
3016:
2295:
2287:
1901:
1506:
1022:
924:
874:
780:
638:
3779:
Supreme Court of California, opinion in ISKCON v. City of Los Angeles, pages 2, 12-21
2197:
1134:. Marathi kirtan is typically performed by one or two main performers, accompanied by
1026:
wherein the different names or aspects of god (a Vishnu avatar) are extolled, and the
6786:
6619:
6585:
6428:
6413:
6293:
6061:
6013:
5965:
5935:
5930:
5600:
5580:
5575:
5565:
5488:
5478:
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5398:
5314:
5286:
5256:
5226:
5039:
5034:
5029:
4887:
4589:
4554:
4100:
3646:
3621:
3500:
3325:
3283:
3227:
3200:
3140:
3094:
3067:
3026:
2996:
2956:
2925:
2914:
2875:
2691:
2667:
2647:
2589:
2562:
2535:
2508:
2497:
2475:
2448:
2424:
2407:
2387:
2347:
2320:
2299:
2243:
2218:
2161:
2131:
2085:
2055:
2028:
2001:
1965:
1505:
chanting. As there are many different traditions of Buddhist music and chanting, the
1488:
1308:
1293:
1277:
1236:
1232:
1066:
401:. Vaishnava temples in Assam and northeastern Indian have large worship halls called
196:
91:
644:
Hindu kirtan is influenced by the practices and teachings of the various devotional
6932:
6858:
6818:
6651:
6590:
6358:
6318:
6308:
6298:
6213:
6188:
6142:
6094:
6056:
6028:
6008:
6003:
5945:
5940:
5905:
5900:
5887:
5674:
5635:
5545:
5535:
5530:
5493:
5458:
5368:
5343:
5133:
5024:
4937:
4878:
4468:
4397:
4382:
4256:
4105:
4085:
3667:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,
3409:
3358:
3346:
2977:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,
2807:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,
2785:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,
2772:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,
2736:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,
2615:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,
2279:
2193:
1692:
1575:
1522:
1228:
952:
939:
870:
803:
695:
622:
598:
525:
449:
441:
433:
417:
409:(Sanskrit: harināma) in some Vaishnava traditions, which means " the names of God (
180:
131:
45:
3767:
Supreme Court of California, opinion in ISKCON v. City of Los Angeles, pages 4, 7
3015:
6951:
6862:
6801:
6554:
6514:
6458:
6368:
6288:
6046:
5975:
5925:
5848:
5560:
5525:
5520:
5468:
5388:
5090:
5058:
5050:
4847:
4746:
4549:
4203:
4110:
3938:
3453:
3319:
3277:
3221:
3194:
3020:
2990:
2950:
2896:
2685:
2641:
2583:
2556:
2529:
2469:
2381:
2155:
2125:
2079:
2022:
1959:
1839:
1732:
1715:. Western Yoga centers report an increase in attendance at kirtans; according to
1602:
1597:
1502:
1377:
1109:
1074:
1017:
943:
823:
735:
649:
645:
505:
483:
355:
240:
1750:
Kirtan singing has also become popular among Westerners who consider themselves
1311:, the primary scripture in the Sikhism tradition which is arranged according to
6808:
6611:
6473:
6224:
6173:
5753:
5714:
5684:
5271:
5236:
5113:
5014:
4868:
4670:
4362:
4241:
3521:“The Sutra of Druma, King of the Kinnara and the Buddhist Philosophy of Music.”
1921:
1799:
1622:
1484:
1477:
1363:
1058:
1006:
998:
990:
986:
839:
739:
634:
529:
475:
425:
3680:
2291:
6945:
6741:
6519:
6250:
6168:
5743:
5416:
5363:
5299:
5158:
5148:
4999:
4173:
4044:
3991:
3881:
3871:
1997:
A Place for Our Gods: The Construction of an Edinburgh Hindu Temple Community
1728:
1630:
1618:
1557:
1514:
1462:
1213:
1203:
1131:
1100:
1042:
1038:
1002:
885:
799:
764:
752:
748:
681:
5153:
4070:
3806:
Kirtan’s call-and-response chanting draws a growing number of Washingtonians
6664:
6624:
6453:
6260:
6193:
5868:
5843:
5838:
5731:
5503:
5358:
5231:
5198:
5019:
5004:
4918:
4837:
4822:
4690:
4513:
4183:
4039:
3956:
3362:
1931:
1829:
1824:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1580:
719:
362:). But it is a heterogeneous practice that varies regionally, according to
3045:
1321:
can be listened to silently or sung along with the gathered congregation.
1148:
Dekhanebuwa, and many others in modern times. An institute at Alandi near
605:
104:
6549:
6403:
6353:
6283:
6255:
6245:
6240:
6147:
5824:
5787:
5765:
5694:
5251:
5183:
5178:
5143:
4908:
4817:
4680:
4493:
4387:
4322:
4292:
4049:
3981:
3961:
3490:
3119:
3063:
3060:
Diamond Maharashtra Sankritikosh (Marathi: डायमंड महाराष्ट्र संस्कृतीकोश)
2952:
Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity
1926:
1844:
1754:
but who are not part of any specific religious institution or movement ("
1688:
1680:
1645:
1591:
1549:
1510:
1480:
1160:
1127:
1123:
1001:". Another kirtan style shared by the Braj traditions like the Vallabha,
947:
881:
798:, names of deities, and may also include some Sanskrit prayers. Then the
686:
626:
370:
359:
232:
3799:
3388:
255:
6888:
6880:
6813:
6714:
6694:
6674:
6634:
6418:
6152:
5858:
5853:
5709:
5378:
5348:
5261:
5246:
5168:
5138:
5118:
5009:
4994:
4989:
4981:
4617:
4597:
4503:
4448:
4342:
4277:
4163:
4090:
4075:
4029:
4014:
4004:
2471:
Religion and Public Memory: A Cultural History of Saint Namdev in India
2051:
Religion and Public Memory: A Cultural History of Saint Namdev in India
1911:
1811:
1724:
1696:
1135:
584:
276:
4282:
3971:
3811:
854:
62:
6756:
6348:
6343:
5863:
5704:
5173:
4632:
4569:
4498:
4427:
4352:
4327:
4287:
4218:
4208:
4034:
4009:
3966:
3946:
2379:
1803:
1795:
1676:
1434:
1267:
931:
866:
844:
756:
693:. References to kirtan as a musical recitation are also found in the
676:
294:
224:
4120:
2423:
ML Varadpande (1990), History of Indian Theatre, Volume 1, Abhinav,
2406:
ML Varadpande (1990), History of Indian Theatre, Volume 1, Abhinav,
6853:
6684:
6679:
6669:
6641:
5719:
5689:
5294:
4741:
4726:
4637:
4523:
4443:
4402:
4372:
4357:
4307:
4178:
4130:
4080:
4065:
4019:
3413:
2715:. Dadar, Mumbai, India: Akhil Bharatiya Keertan Sanstha. p. 1.
2531:
Sacred Sound: Discovering the Myth and Meaning of Mantra and Kirtan
2283:
2127:
Sacred Sound: Discovering the Myth and Meaning of Mantra and Kirtan
1430:
1289:
1255:
1217:
1183:
1176:
1078:
1070:
978:
784:
714:
700:
672:
630:
521:
244:
212:
161:
123:
5123:
2119:
2117:
516:, in contrast, is generally a group performance, typically with a
5241:
5203:
4960:
4751:
4564:
4528:
4508:
4488:
4478:
4473:
4453:
4422:
4412:
4407:
4347:
4332:
4302:
4125:
3976:
2690:. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 115–118, 131–133.
1864:
1763:
1700:
1454:
1450:
1281:
1263:
1172:
994:
966:
912:
819:
807:
776:
768:
724:
657:
592:
298:
290:
264:
236:
208:
4794:
3794:
3275:
3192:
3164:
2867:
1368:
6843:
6776:
6771:
6218:
5699:
5679:
5266:
5208:
5188:
5108:
4827:
4721:
4716:
4665:
4602:
4544:
4417:
4392:
4377:
4337:
4297:
4233:
4213:
4168:
4095:
3911:
3906:
3896:
3861:
3279:
Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs
3196:
Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs
2370:, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press
2114:
1849:
1834:
1807:
1530:
1495:
1491:
1466:
1458:
1446:
1422:
1404:
1392:
1384:
1340:
1244:
1191:
1187:
1168:
1164:
1119:
1094:
1013:
916:
897:
889:
878:
848:
811:
710:
690:
668:
665:
661:
500:
260:
228:
192:
127:
74:
5793:
6766:
6629:
5748:
5724:
4789:
4756:
4736:
4731:
4685:
4607:
4579:
4574:
4458:
4367:
4317:
4312:
4024:
3999:
3921:
3916:
3901:
3885:
3856:
2588:. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 12–24, 30–33.
2103:
2101:
1740:
1518:
1442:
1438:
1297:
1175:. Learned poets from 17th and 18th century such as Shridhar,
1140:
982:
935:
920:
901:
893:
815:
653:
618:
614:
343:
329:
302:
216:
200:
188:
184:
165:
150:
55:
50:
38:
2646:. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 32, 108–120.
2554:
1744:
1144:. It involves singing, acting, dancing, and story-telling.
927:
singing, a highly developed and complex musical tradition.
130:, telling, describing" of an idea or story, specifically in
5664:
4761:
4711:
4675:
4642:
4559:
4483:
4463:
4223:
4188:
3951:
1906:
1564:
1563:
In the modern era, kirtan has also been adopted by several
1408:
1313:
1272:
1149:
974:
759:", but they are also much more structured musical forms.
743:
410:
204:
99:
4929:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
2098:
1421:, as attested by artistic depictions in Indian sites like
34:
5775:
3136:
Intersections : socio-cultural trends in Maharashtra
2898:
Studies in the Vaiṣṇava Literature & Culture of Assam
2874:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 110–112, 148–149.
2210:
1641:
865:
One important promoter of Vaishnava kirtan in Bengal was
3317:
3219:
2312:
4612:
4251:
4198:
3179:
2992:
English and Hindi Religious Poetry: An Analogical Study
1194:
as well as at smaller schools in Goa, Beed and Ujjain.
1009:
is samaj gayan, which is a kind of collective singing.
795:
457:
2467:
2047:
1130:, Sopandev, Muktabai, saint Eknath, Saint Namdev, and
2836:"The Vaisnava Sahajiya Traditions of Medieval Bengal"
374:
erudition and entertainment—all an aesthetic part of
3589:"Kabbalistic Kirtan: Just Replace Hindu With Hebrew"
3470:
The Barua Buddhists: Lineage and Cultural Interface,
3250:. Oxon: Sikh Sacred Music Society. 1967. p. 63.
1476:
Examples of Buddhist musical traditions include the
970:), for Krishnaite singing and dramatic performance.
596:
A modern painting of a mahasankirtan scene from the
381:
Kirtan is locally known by various names, including
2346:. State University of New York Press. p. 275.
1417:Music has been used by Buddhists since the time of
1030:wherein the deity's life and legends are narrated.
3161:"संस्थेचा परिचय. | अखिल भारतीय कीर्तन संस्था"
2913:
2863:
2861:
2687:Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition
2643:Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition
2585:Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition
2496:
2339:
2333:
263:is depicted as a great kirtan singer in the Hindu
3451:
3375:Van Khê, Trân. “Buddhist Music in Eastern Asia.”
3093:. Vol. 2. Abhinav Publications. p. 95.
2920:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp.
2911:
2503:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp.
2494:
2242:. Vol. 2. Abhinav Publications. p. 95.
2054:. Columbia University Press. pp. 75, 85–91.
707:mentions kirtan as one of nine forms of bhakti.
675:in around the 6th century, bhakti spread outside
6943:
3305:Guru Nanak His Life was his Message: a Biography
2988:
2380:Sukumar Chattopadhyay; Kapila Vatsyayan (2008).
2183:
1093:Maharashtri musicians at Veerabhadra Devasthan,
869:(1339–1399), who introduced Vaishnava kirtan in
3133:Ranade, Ashok D. (2000). Kosambi, Meera (ed.).
2858:
2853:The Baul Tradition: Sahaj Vision East and West,
2820:The Baul Tradition: Sahaj Vision East and West,
2527:
2474:. Columbia University Press. pp. 275–281.
2153:
2123:
1885:International Society for Krishna Consciousness
1638:International Society for Krishna Consciousness
1513:, to many types of classic instruments used in
1327:in Sikh history has been the musical analog of
689:(path of loving devotion to god) as a means to
3808:The Washington Post, Michelle Boorstein (2013)
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2149:
2147:
1403:Instruments like the Indian harmonium, flute,
284:
5809:
4945:
3827:
3480:
3478:
3122:: Keertan Mahavidyalaya Prakashan. p. 2.
3116:Katha Haridasaanchi (Marathi: कथा हरिदासांची)
3019:; Muttusvāmi Dīkṣita; Sanjukta Gupta (1987).
2894:
2710:
2084:. Oxford University Press. pp. 422–424.
2073:
2071:
1964:. Oxford University Press. pp. 423–424.
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1509:used vary widely, from solely relying on the
993:is based on Hindustani classical forms like "
847:and his lover Rajakini, at his birthplace of
416:In regional languages, kirtan is scripted as
350:Generally speaking, kirtan, sometimes called
328:, literally "retelling") in the context of a
297:, and other Vedic literature, as well as the
250:
3711:"Chanting Is an Exercise in Body and Spirit"
2417:
2343:The Life And Teachings Of Sai Baba Of Shirdi
2192:(3). University of Illinois Press: 454–480.
834:
699:, an important Vaishnava text. The story of
469:
463:
29:Musically recited story in Indian traditions
3425:
3276:Knut A. Jacobsen; Kristina Myrvold (2012).
3193:Knut A. Jacobsen; Kristina Myrvold (2012).
2868:Catherine B. Asher; Cynthia Talbot (2006).
2683:
2639:
2581:
2256:
2144:
2109:Every Word Is a Song, Every Step Is a Dance
2024:Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements
2020:
787:to be the most cultured religious music.
138:. A person performing kirtan is known as a
5816:
5802:
4952:
4938:
3834:
3820:
3526:| Religion and Thought 4, e-ISSN 2610-9417
3475:
3263:Culture and Emotional Economy of Migration
3086:
2237:
2077:
2068:
1957:
1944:
1629:("Oh God Beautiful") with 3,000 people at
575:An epilogue mantra at the end of a kirtan.
6125:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
3754:Enstedt, Daniel; Plank, Katarina (2023).
3741:Enstedt, Daniel; Plank, Katarina (2023).
3672:
3645:. Indiana University Press. p. 134.
3613:
3199:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 112–114.
2626:Enstedt, Daniel; Plank, Katarina (2023).
1343:(devotional remembrance) of God's name.
1331:recitation, both preferably performed by
829:
717:(the 12th century author of the Sanskrit
358:as a devotional religious practice (i.e.
54:drums (a common and popular pairing), in
3484:
3419:
3265:(First ed.). Routledge. p. 75.
3113:
2269:
2179:
2177:
1777:In the United States case law, the term
1596:
1585:
1574:
1367:
1346:This congregational setting is called a
1307:refers to the musical recitation of the
1222:
1207:
1152:offers training in this form of Kirtan.
1099:
1088:
853:
838:
604:
591:
254:
61:
33:
3841:
3678:
3640:
3620:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. pp. 526–527.
3496:The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
3260:
2555:Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006).
2386:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 67–69.
1570:
231:). It is a major practice in Hinduism,
14:
6944:
3400:Mabbett, Ian W. “Buddhism and Music.”
3132:
2955:. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. p. 67.
2901:. Assam Sahitya Sabha. pp. 6, 43.
2830:
2828:
2081:Theatres of India: A Concise Companion
1961:Theatres of India: A Concise Companion
1719:’s Frank Goodman in conversation with
1052:
814:(with percussion instruments like the
5797:
4933:
3815:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3708:
3487:"South Asia, the Indian subcontinent"
3344:
3307:. Guru Nanak Foundation. p. 224.
3302:
3066:: Diamond Publications. p. 166.
3057:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2753:Indian Music: A Vast Ocean of Promise
2746:
2744:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2174:
960:(Hindu temples and monasteries) with
3472:pp. 91-92. Shhalaj Publishing House.
3404:, vol. 25, no. 1/2, 1993, pp. 9–28.
3282:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 113.
3139:. London: Sangam. pp. 194–210.
2944:
2157:The Dawn of Indian Music in the West
1617:was an early proponent of kirtan in
1411:and kartal are used as accompaniment
1112:, Varkari, Naradiya and Jugalbandi.
1047:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
493:
458:
3455:Contemporary Buddhism in Bangladesh
3379:, vol. 26, no. 3, 1984, pp. 22–32.
3087:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1992).
2845:
2825:
2738:pp. 249, 845. Taylor & Francis.
2440:
2319:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 69.
2238:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1992).
2160:. A&C Black. pp. 371–372.
2130:. New World. pp. 3–17, 34–35.
1993:
1713:Gaura Vani & As Kindred Spirits
775:highly refined and technical, like
464:
24:
3758:pp. 96, 101-103. Springer Nature.
3728:
3321:Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed
3223:Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed
2790:
2759:
2741:
2719:
2602:
2211:Manohar Laxman Varadpande (1987).
1262:) refers to devotional singing in
549:
77:. Some traditions practice public
25:
7018:
3788:
3324:. A&C Black. pp. 30–31.
3318:Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013).
3220:Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair (2013).
2640:Guy L. Beck (2012). "Chapter 1".
2582:Guy L. Beck (2012). "Chapter 1".
2313:Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1924).
2198:10.5406/ethnomusicology.58.3.0454
1521:) as well as modern instruments (
1372:Members of the Nepalese Buddhist
1159:of saints of Maharashtra such as
1084:
843:Statue of Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā poet
6928:
6927:
6919:
6730:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
2995:. BRILL Academic. pp. 3–4.
2713:Keertanrang (Marathi: कीर्तनरंग)
2711:Kelkar, M.; Mahabal, K. (2007).
1766:groups, spiritual communes, and
1296:) creating an early form of the
956:. Shankaradeva helped establish
942:bhakti movement that emphasized
583:Problems playing this file? See
565:
6920:
5823:
5771:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
3773:
3761:
3748:
3702:
3679:Goodman, Frank (January 2006).
3659:
3634:
3607:
3581:
3571:
3554:
3529:
3524:Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies 14
3513:
3462:
3445:
3394:
3369:
3338:
3311:
3296:
3269:
3254:
3240:
3213:
3153:
3126:
3107:
3080:
3051:
3039:
3009:
2982:
2969:
2938:
2905:
2888:
2812:
2777:
2704:
2677:
2660:
2633:
2620:
2575:
2548:
2534:. New World. pp. 117–122.
2521:
2488:
2468:Christian Lee Novetzke (2013).
2461:
2434:
2400:
2373:
2360:
2316:A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
2306:
2231:
2204:
2048:Christian Lee Novetzke (2013).
1266:. It is typically performed at
1227:Bhai Jawala Singh Ragi playing
1108:There are three main styles of
989:, whose singing style known as
783:kirtan, which is considered by
542:
378:(beauty, color) of the kirtan.
6824:Sikhism and sexual orientation
3614:Yogananda, Paramhansa (2007).
3458:. Atisha Memorial. p. 81.
2840:Religions of India in Practice
2041:
2027:. Brill Archive. p. 121.
2014:
1987:
1978:
1104:A kirtan circle in Maharashtra
1069:, the deity of Seven Hills in
860:Jor Mandir Temple in Bishnupur
243:traditions, and some forms of
13:
1:
3745:p. 96, 101. Springer Nature.
3669:p. 255. Taylor & Francis.
3226:. A&C Black. p. 24.
2979:p. 251. Taylor & Francis.
2809:p. 255. Taylor & Francis.
2787:p. 250. Taylor & Francis.
2774:p. 248. Taylor & Francis.
2617:p. 247. Taylor & Francis.
1938:
1789:
1590:Western kirtan performers at
1339:every day as a mark of daily
3709:Eckel, Sara (5 March 2009).
3681:"Interview with Krishna Das"
3163:(in Marathi). Archived from
2855:pp. 27-36. SCB Distributors.
2822:pp. 27-30. SCB Distributors.
1917:Substratum in Vedic Sanskrit
1601:A Western kirtan group at a
1517:(such as the ancient Indian
316:The term kirtan is found as
289:). The term is found in the
126:word that means "narrating,
7:
6977:Indian feminine given names
6957:Hindu prayer and meditation
4959:
3468:Chatterjee, Aparna (2022).
2340:Antonio Rigopoulos (1993).
2217:. Abhinav. pp. 95–96.
1817:
1756:spiritual but not religious
1658:Self-Realization Fellowship
1357:
609:A modern kirtan performance
335:The Sanskrit verses in the
105:
10:
7023:
6184:British East India Company
3499:. Routledge. p. 257.
3452:Sukomal Chaudhuri (1982).
3426:Szczepanski, Beth (2021).
2912:Ronald M. Bernier (1997).
2495:Ronald M. Bernier (1997).
2447:. Routledge. p. 124.
2383:Kalātattvakośa: Appearance
1897:Category:Kirtan performers
1543:
1361:
1288:and a modification of the
1235:, and Bhai Avtar Singh on
1212:Painting of kirtan in the
1201:
1197:
1061:, the compositions of the
251:Etymology and nomenclature
6917:
6879:
6650:
6610:
6596:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
6576:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
6568:
6542:
6525:Johann Martin Honigberger
6482:
6384:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
6276:
6269:
6233:
6161:
6135:
6103:
6070:
6037:
5994:
5886:
5877:
5831:
5786:
5663:
5407:
5285:
5217:
5099:
5049:
4980:
4967:
4901:
4861:
4810:
4803:
4777:
4704:
4658:
4588:
4537:
4436:
4270:
4232:
4143:
4058:
3990:
3937:
3930:
3849:
3641:Jackson, Carl T. (1994).
3345:Frisk, Liselotte (2002).
3090:History of Indian Theatre
3025:. Amadeus. pp. 5–6.
2989:John A. Ramsaran (1973).
2561:. Infobase. p. 378.
2240:History of Indian Theatre
2214:History of Indian Theatre
1875:Historical Vedic religion
1494:, modern Indian Buddhist
1231:, Bhai Gurcharn Singh on
987:Radha-vallabha Sampradaya
835:Northern Vaishnava kirtan
713:poets and musicians like
487:
479:
470:
453:
445:
437:
429:
421:
285:
156:tradition, a kirtan is a
95:
6992:Performing arts in India
6586:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
6581:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
3416:. Accessed 18 Dec. 2023.
3391:. Accessed 18 Dec. 2023.
3114:Koparkar, G. N. (2000).
2949:. In Guy L. Beck (ed.).
2750:Holroyde, Peggy (2017).
2558:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
2528:Alanna Kaivalya (2014).
2154:Peter Lavezzoli (2006).
2124:Alanna Kaivalya (2014).
1613:The famed Bengali saint
6591:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
6469:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
5394:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
4862:Fruits and other plants
3617:Autobiography of a Yogi
3303:Anand, Balwant (1983).
3261:Narayan, Badri (2017).
2630:p. 96. Springer Nature.
2366:Monier William (1899),
858:Kirtan at front of the
7007:Indian styles of music
6424:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
6409:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
6399:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
6379:Sher Singh Attariwalla
6374:Sham Singh Attariwalla
6270:Officials and warriors
6179:Emirate of Afghanistan
6085:Battle of Chillianwala
5310:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
5059:Beliefs and principles
3493:; et al. (eds.).
3363:10.1525/nr.2002.6.1.64
2916:Himalayan Architecture
2895:Kaliram Medhi (1978).
2499:Himalayan Architecture
1610:
1594:
1583:
1538:Lee Mirabai Harrington
1485:Tibetan Buddhist music
1461:compositions (such as
1427:Early Buddhist sources
1380:
1248:
1220:
1105:
1097:
1063:Tallapaka Annamacharya
946:philosophy within the
862:
851:
830:Styles of Hindu kirtan
664:). Beginning with the
610:
602:
554:
268:
82:
59:
6762:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
6505:François Henri Mouton
6495:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
6334:Khushal Singh Jamadar
6121:Panchayati Revolution
6117:Hill States–Sikh Wars
6072:Second Anglo-Sikh War
5384:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
3802:, Darius Swann (1975)
3665:Arnold et al (1998).
3432:Oxford Bibliographies
3347:"The Satsang Network"
3058:Dixit, Durga (2009).
3022:Sacred songs of India
2975:Arnold et al (1998).
2945:Beck, Guy L. (2005).
2805:Arnold et al (1998).
2783:Arnold et al (1998).
2770:Arnold et al (1998).
2734:Arnold et al (1998).
2613:Arnold et al (1998).
1890:Hare Krishna (mantra)
1737:latin american music.
1615:Paramahansa Yogananda
1600:
1589:
1578:
1395:are sometimes called
1374:Gyānmālā Bhajan Khala
1371:
1226:
1211:
1103:
1092:
930:About the same time,
877:tradition, a form of
857:
842:
608:
595:
553:
258:
65:
37:
6982:Feminine given names
6543:Influential families
6500:Claude Auguste Court
6490:Jean-François Allard
6404:Surat Singh Majithia
6394:Lehna Singh Majithia
6199:Hill States Alliance
6052:Battle of Ferozeshah
6039:First Anglo-Sikh War
5759:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
5737:Piara Singh Bhaniara
5616:United Arab Emirates
5354:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
5084:Cannabis and Sikhism
3643:Vedanta for the West
3428:"Buddhism and Music"
3167:on 28 September 2013
2851:Young, Mary (2014).
2818:Young, Mary (2014).
2684:Guy L. Beck (2012).
2444:A Place for Our Gods
2441:Nye, Malory (1995).
2272:History of Religions
2021:Jayant Lele (1981).
2000:. Psychology Press.
1994:Nye, Malory (1995).
1880:Indo-Aryan languages
1855:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
1571:In the Western world
1241:Gurdwara Dehra Sahib
909:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
888:which flourished in
826:) may also follow.
685:which describes the
637:(1300–1550) and the
110:), also rendered as
6834:Idolatry in Sikhism
6752:Nanakshahi calendar
6747:Sikh Light Infantry
6389:Amar Singh Majithia
6324:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
6115:, Katoch–Sikh War,
3843:Worship in Hinduism
3541:Buddhistdoor Global
2871:India before Europe
2107:Sara Brown (2012),
2078:Ananda Lal (2009).
1958:Ananda Lal (2009).
1870:Hindustani language
1860:Gaudiya Vaishnavism
1654:Divine Life Society
1650:Ramakrishna mission
1644:(Sikh followers of
1507:musical instruments
1053:Carnatic traditions
639:early modern period
629:, which is done in
338:Shatapatha Brahmana
136:Indian subcontinent
6735:11th Sikh Regiment
6550:Sandhawalia family
6464:Sultan Mahmud Khan
6449:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
6434:Sangat Singh Saini
6329:Dewan Mokham Chand
6204:Kingdom of Mankera
6080:Battle of Ramnagar
6024:Battle of Peshawar
6019:Battle of Nowshera
5896:Battle of Bhangani
5374:Nanak Shahi bricks
5277:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
5069:Sikh Rehat Maryada
5064:Guru Maneyo Granth
4262:Om Namo Narayanaya
3715:The New York Times
3377:The World of Music
3017:Emmie te Nijenhuis
1902:Nama sankeerthanam
1656:, and Yogananda's
1611:
1595:
1584:
1579:Krishna kirtan in
1381:
1249:
1221:
1106:
1098:
973:Meanwhile, in the
863:
852:
611:
603:
555:
364:Christian Novetzke
269:
215:(two-sided drum),
177:Indian instruments
149:With roots in the
83:
60:
6972:Indian folk music
6939:
6938:
6620:Bandi Chhor Divas
6604:
6603:
6538:
6537:
6510:Alexander Gardner
6429:Kahan Singh Nakai
6414:Akali Phula Singh
6294:Diwan Bhawani Das
6131:
6130:
6062:Battle of Sobraon
6014:Battle of Shopian
5499:Jammu and Kashmir
5399:Well of Dina Nath
5227:Guru Granth Sahib
5040:Guru Granth Sahib
5035:Guru Gobind Singh
5030:Guru Tegh Bahadur
4927:
4926:
4897:
4896:
4888:Tulasi Vrindavana
4139:
4138:
4101:Panchayatana puja
3800:The Braj Ras Lila
3627:978-1-4264-2415-1
3595:. 14 January 2005
3519:Rambelli, Fabio.
3506:978-0-8240-4946-1
3485:Guy Beck (1998).
3331:978-1-4411-0231-7
3289:978-1-4411-7087-3
3248:Sikh sacred music
3233:978-1-4411-0231-7
3206:978-1-4411-7087-3
3073:978-81-8483-080-4
3032:978-3-905049-36-7
2962:978-0-7914-6415-1
2931:978-0-8386-3602-2
2881:978-1-139-91561-8
2697:978-1-61117-108-2
2653:978-1-61117-108-2
2595:978-1-61117-108-2
2568:978-0-8160-7564-5
2541:978-1-60868-244-7
2514:978-0-8386-3602-2
2481:978-0-231-51256-5
2454:978-0-7007-0356-2
2393:978-81-208-3286-2
2353:978-0-7914-1267-1
2326:978-81-208-2000-5
2224:978-81-7017-278-9
2167:978-0-8264-1815-9
2137:978-1-60868-244-7
2091:978-0-19-569917-3
2061:978-0-231-51256-5
2007:978-0-7007-0356-2
1971:978-0-19-569917-3
1489:Japanese Buddhist
1376:singing hymns at
1309:Guru Granth Sahib
1118:was pioneered by
1067:Lord Venkateswara
950:framework of the
886:Radha and Krishna
875:Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā
570:
518:call and response
494:Bhajan and kirtan
158:call-and-response
68:Gaudiya Vaishnava
46:Indian harmoniums
16:(Redirected from
7014:
6931:
6930:
6923:
6922:
6859:Punjabi language
6819:Women in Sikhism
6359:Balbhadra Kunwar
6319:Hari Singh Nalwa
6309:Misr Diwan Chand
6299:Diwan Buta Singh
6274:
6273:
6214:Barakzai dynasty
6189:Kingdom of Nepal
6143:Sikh Khalsa Army
6095:Battle of Gujrat
6057:Battle of Aliwal
6029:Battle of Jamrud
6009:Battle of Multan
6004:Battle of Attock
5996:Afghan–Sikh wars
5888:Mughal-Sikh Wars
5884:
5883:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5795:
5794:
5675:Sects of Sikhism
5641:Northern Ireland
5369:Moti Bagh Palace
5344:Bahadurgarh Fort
5042:(Sikh holy book)
5025:Guru Har Krishan
4954:
4947:
4940:
4931:
4930:
4808:
4807:
4696:Pilgrimage sites
4257:Om Namah Shivaya
4106:Prana Pratishtha
4086:Kumbhabhishekham
3935:
3934:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3752:
3746:
3739:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3685:
3676:
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3663:
3657:
3656:
3638:
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3631:
3611:
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3604:
3602:
3600:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3533:
3527:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3482:
3473:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3417:
3398:
3392:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2986:
2980:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2919:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2865:
2856:
2849:
2843:
2832:
2823:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2768:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2732:
2717:
2716:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2681:
2675:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2600:
2599:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2502:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2438:
2432:
2421:
2415:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2377:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2267:
2254:
2253:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2121:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1955:
1741:Kamini Natarajan
1693:Jahnavi Harrison
1627:Hey Hari Sundara
1554:Indian Harmonium
1397:Buddha-samkirtan
1128:Sant Dnyaneshwar
979:Vallabha acharya
953:Bhagavata Purana
940:Ekasarana Dharma
915:based kirtan in
738:) and southern (
732:Hindustani music
696:Bhagavata Purana
646:Bhakti movements
615:Vedic literature
599:Bhagavata Purana
572:
571:
552:
489:
481:
473:
472:
467:
466:
461:
460:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
356:bhakti movements
288:
287:
181:Indian harmonium
132:Indian religions
108:
97:
21:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7002:Music of Bengal
6997:Puja (Hinduism)
6962:Bhakti movement
6942:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6913:
6875:
6646:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6564:
6555:Majithia family
6534:
6515:Paolo Avitabile
6478:
6459:Fakir Azizuddin
6369:Mehta Basti Ram
6289:Diwan Dina Nath
6265:
6229:
6209:Namgyal dynasty
6157:
6136:Military forces
6127:
6099:
6090:Siege of Multan
6066:
6047:Battle of Mudki
6033:
5990:
5879:
5873:
5849:Nau Nihal Singh
5827:
5822:
5782:
5667:and communities
5666:
5659:
5403:
5389:Ramgarhia Bunga
5300:Harmandir Sahib
5281:
5213:
5095:
5091:Diet in Sikhism
5045:
4976:
4963:
4958:
4928:
4923:
4893:
4857:
4799:
4773:
4700:
4654:
4584:
4533:
4432:
4266:
4228:
4204:Sandhyavandanam
4157:
4135:
4111:Sandhyavandanam
4054:
3986:
3926:
3845:
3840:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3677:
3673:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3483:
3476:
3467:
3463:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3424:
3420:
3399:
3395:
3374:
3370:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3316:
3312:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3274:
3270:
3259:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3191:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3131:
3127:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2987:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2910:
2906:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2866:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2834:Hayes, Glen A.
2833:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2791:
2782:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2749:
2742:
2733:
2720:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2682:
2678:
2674:, pages 107-121
2665:
2661:
2654:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2596:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2439:
2435:
2422:
2418:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2378:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2311:
2307:
2268:
2257:
2250:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2186:Ethnomusicology
2182:
2175:
2168:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1956:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1840:Bhakti movement
1820:
1792:
1603:Buddhist temple
1573:
1546:
1478:Newari Buddhist
1378:Asan, Kathmandu
1366:
1360:
1206:
1200:
1156:Naradiya Kirtan
1122:(1270–1350) in
1087:
1055:
1035:Swami Sivananda
1018:Sri Vaishnavism
944:Advaita Vedanta
934:(1449–1568) in
837:
832:
590:
589:
581:
579:
578:
577:
576:
573:
566:
563:
556:
550:
545:
496:
311:Monier-Williams
309:, according to
259:The Vedic sage
253:
235:devotionalism,
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7020:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6937:
6936:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6885:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6856:
6851:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6656:
6654:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6627:
6622:
6616:
6614:
6608:
6607:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6546:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6530:Henry Lawrence
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6474:Sohan Lal Suri
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6280:
6278:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6225:Maqpon Dynasty
6222:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6174:Durrani Empire
6171:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6109:Nepal–Sikh War
6107:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6043:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
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5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
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5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5892:
5890:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5754:Damdami Taksal
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5671:
5669:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5621:United Kingdom
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5272:Sukhmani Sahib
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5237:Sarbloh Granth
5234:
5229:
5223:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5114:Sikh practices
5111:
5105:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5015:Guru Hargobind
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4778:Sacred animals
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4671:Dhvajastambham
4668:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4628:Pillaiyar Suḻi
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
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4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
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4280:
4274:
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4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4242:Gayatri Mantra
4238:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
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3839:
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3824:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3790:
3789:External links
3787:
3785:
3784:
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3760:
3747:
3727:
3701:
3671:
3658:
3651:
3633:
3626:
3606:
3580:
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3560:Judith Cohen:
3553:
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3505:
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3461:
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3414:10.2307/834188
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2416:
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2284:10.1086/375037
2278:(3): 213–242.
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2013:
2006:
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1937:
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1929:
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1922:Vedic Sanskrit
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
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1892:
1882:
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1862:
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1800:Andhra Pradesh
1791:
1788:
1623:Guru Nanak Dev
1572:
1569:
1545:
1542:
1439:skillful means
1419:early Buddhism
1401:Buddha kirtan.
1364:Buddhist music
1362:Main article:
1359:
1356:
1202:Main article:
1199:
1196:
1116:Varkari Kirtan
1110:Marathi kirtan
1086:
1085:Marathi kirtan
1083:
1059:Andhra Pradesh
1054:
1051:
991:Haveli Sangeet
836:
833:
831:
828:
767:and technical
650:Sant tradition
641:(1550–1750).
627:Vedic chanting
580:
574:
564:
559:
558:
557:
548:
547:
546:
544:
541:
506:musical themes
495:
492:
391:Haveli Sangeet
252:
249:
164:style song or
66:Painting of a
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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6897:
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6892:
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6560:Tiwana family
6558:
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6523:
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6520:Josiah Harlan
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6364:Jawahar Singh
6362:
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6339:Zorawar Singh
6337:
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6251:Harkishangarh
6249:
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6169:Mughal Empire
6167:
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6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
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6114:
6113:Sino-Sikh war
6110:
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5981:Gurdas Nangal
5979:
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5959:
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5956:Chappar Chiri
5954:
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5744:Agrahari Sikh
5742:
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5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5665:Groups, sects
5662:
5654:
5653:U.S. Military
5651:
5650:
5649:
5648:United States
5646:
5642:
5639:
5637:
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5380:
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5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5364:Khanda museum
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5336:
5335:North America
5333:
5331:
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5321:
5318:
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5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5164:Three Pillars
5162:
5160:
5159:Antam Sanskar
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:Amrit Sanchar
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
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5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5074:The 52 Hukams
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:Guru Amar Das
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4955:
4950:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4853:Sacred groves
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4804:Sacred plants
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4641:
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4609:
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4517:
4515:
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4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
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4429:
4426:
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4409:
4406:
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4399:
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4379:
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4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4174:Brahmamuhurta
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4142:
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4119:
4117:
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4109:
4107:
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4102:
4099:
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4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4045:Putrakameshti
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3989:
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3807:
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3798:
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2017:
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1745:Sheela Bringi
1742:
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1733:African music
1730:
1729:new-age music
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1628:
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1621:. He chanted
1620:
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1129:
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1043:Sri Aurobindo
1040:
1039:Anandamayi Ma
1036:
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1028:Lila- kirtana
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964:(also called
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937:
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766:
765:improvisation
760:
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745:
741:
737:
736:Bengali music
733:
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722:
721:
716:
712:
708:
706:
705:Avatara Katha
702:
698:
697:
692:
688:
684:
683:
682:Bhagavad-gita
678:
674:
670:
667:
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532:
531:
530:poetic meter.
527:
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491:
485:
477:
451:
443:
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424:; Nepali and
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145:
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93:
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36:
32:
27:
19:
6871:Sacred trees
6652:Other topics
6625:Hola Mohalla
6454:Ilahi Bakhsh
6314:Diwan Mulraj
6304:Pratap Singh
6261:Zorawar Fort
5916:2nd Anandpur
5911:1st Anandpur
5869:Duleep Singh
5844:Kharak Singh
5839:Ranjit Singh
5732:Mazhabi Sikh
5591:South Africa
5359:Kesgarh Qila
5305:Janam Asthan
5287:Architecture
5232:Dasam Granth
5199:Charhdi Kala
5128:
5079:Prohibitions
5020:Guru Har Rai
5005:Guru Ram Das
4919:Temple dance
4838:Kalpavriksha
4766:
4647:
4428:Yajnopavitam
4403:Prayer beads
4247:Hare Krishna
4193:
4184:Jai Shri Ram
4040:Purushamedha
3957:Panchamakara
3891:
3775:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3718:. Retrieved
3714:
3704:
3692:. Retrieved
3687:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3642:
3636:
3616:
3609:
3597:. Retrieved
3592:
3583:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3540:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3494:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3431:
3421:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3357:(1): 64–85.
3354:
3351:Nova Religio
3350:
3340:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3298:
3278:
3271:
3262:
3256:
3247:
3242:
3222:
3215:
3195:
3171:22 September
3169:. Retrieved
3165:the original
3155:
3135:
3128:
3115:
3109:
3089:
3082:
3059:
3053:
3041:
3021:
3011:
2991:
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2971:
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2915:
2907:
2897:
2890:
2870:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2784:
2779:
2771:
2756:, Routledge.
2751:
2735:
2712:
2706:
2686:
2679:
2662:
2642:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2584:
2577:
2557:
2550:
2530:
2523:
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2490:
2470:
2463:
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2419:
2402:
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2335:
2315:
2308:
2275:
2271:
2239:
2233:
2213:
2206:
2189:
2185:
2156:
2126:
2108:
2080:
2050:
2043:
2023:
2016:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1960:
1932:Vedic period
1830:Ananda Marga
1825:Adi Shankara
1793:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:neo-shamanic
1760:Western yoga
1749:
1716:
1671:, Nina Rao,
1669:Bhagavan Das
1662:
1635:
1626:
1612:
1609:, California
1581:Times Square
1562:
1547:
1535:
1475:
1416:
1412:
1400:
1396:
1382:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1304:
1302:
1271:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1181:
1154:
1146:
1139:
1114:
1107:
1056:
1032:
1027:
1023:Nama-kirtana
1021:
1011:
972:
965:
961:
957:
951:
932:Shankaradeva
929:
911:popularized
906:
864:
793:
789:
779:and Bengali
772:
761:
729:
720:Gita Govinda
718:
709:
704:
694:
687:bhakti marga
680:
643:
635:medieval era
612:
597:
582:
561:A sound clip
543:Hindu kirtan
535:
533:
513:
509:
499:
498:Kirtans and
497:
415:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
380:
375:
368:
351:
349:
342:
336:
334:
325:
321:
317:
315:
306:
305:literature.
280:
272:
270:
174:
169:
153:
148:
143:
139:
118:
117:
112:
111:
103:
86:
85:
84:
78:
70:
49:
41:
31:
26:
6987:Hindu music
6967:Sikh kirtan
6909:Patna Sahib
6904:Hazur Sahib
6439:Hukma Singh
6354:Gulab Singh
6284:Dhian Singh
6256:Lahore Fort
6246:Multan Fort
6241:Jamrud Fort
6194:Qing Empire
6162:Adversaries
6148:Fauj-i-Khas
5825:Sikh Empire
5788:Sikh Empire
5766:Singh Sabha
5695:Nanakpanthi
5606:Switzerland
5596:South Korea
5556:New Zealand
5551:Netherlands
5422:Afghanistan
5252:Japji Sahib
5184:The Five Ks
5179:Vand Chhako
5144:Anand Karaj
4909:Firewalking
4874:Kusha grass
4818:Akshayavata
4681:Temple tank
4590:Iconography
4538:Instruments
4494:Panchagavya
4388:Panchamrita
4293:Banana leaf
4050:Viraja Homa
3982:Pushpanjali
3962:Panchamrita
3850:Main topics
3599:22 December
3593:The Forward
3566:MGG Online,
3546:21 December
3491:Bruno Nettl
3437:18 December
3402:Asian Music
3120:Pune, India
3064:Pune, India
3048:-2008/07/21
1927:Vedic chant
1845:Bhakti yoga
1721:Krishna Das
1689:Deva Premal
1685:Lokah Music
1681:Snatam Kaur
1665:Krishna Das
1646:Yogi Bhajan
1592:Bhakti Fest
1550:Bene Israel
1515:Asian music
1511:human voice
1481:Gunlā Bājan
1161:Dnyaneshwar
1124:Maharashtra
1120:Sant Namdev
962:kirtan-ghar
884:focused on
882:Vaishnavism
800:lead singer
403:kirtan ghar
387:Samaj Gayan
371:Maharashtra
360:bhakti yoga
203:(one-sided
6946:Categories
6889:Akal Takht
6829:In Fiction
6814:Ravidassia
6782:Dharamyudh
6705:Literature
6695:Panj Pyare
6635:Mela Maghi
6483:Foreigners
6444:Veer Singh
6419:Chandu Lal
6153:Fauj-i-Ain
5859:Sher Singh
5854:Chand Kaur
5710:Sewapanthi
5437:Bangladesh
5409:By country
5379:Pul Kanjri
5349:Fateh Burj
5262:Jaap Sahib
5247:Mul Mantar
5169:Kirat Karo
5154:Amrit Velā
5139:Naam Karan
5119:Sikh rites
5051:Philosophy
5010:Guru Arjan
4995:Guru Angad
4990:Guru Nanak
4618:Panchaloha
4598:Ashtadhatu
4343:Agarabattī
4278:Puja thali
4164:Ajapa japa
4153:Meditation
4091:Nityakarma
4081:Karmakāṇḍa
4076:Ashvamedha
4030:Kamyakarma
4015:Agnikaryam
4005:Agnicayana
3694:15 January
1939:References
1912:Sikh music
1812:Tamil Nadu
1790:Given name
1783:sankirtana
1779:sankirtana
1770:circles.
1725:rock music
1717:Pure Music
1709:Gina Sala'
1705:Aindra Das
1697:Jim Gelcer
1640:(ISKCON),
1633:in 1923.
1607:Sacramento
1471:caryagitis
1333:ragi jatha
985:-centered
757:arabesques
585:media help
522:antiphonal
462:; Sindhi:
352:sankirtana
277:Devanagari
227:or talas (
162:antiphonal
154:anukirtana
144:kirtankar,
140:kirtankara
6839:Criticism
6757:Ramananda
6612:Festivals
6349:Lal Singh
6344:Tej Singh
6221:of Poonch
5971:Jalalabad
5880:conflicts
5864:Jind Kaur
5705:Nirankari
5586:Singapore
5516:Indonesia
5452:Vancouver
5427:Australia
5219:Scripture
5174:Naam Japo
5101:Practices
4633:Shaligram
4570:Mridangam
4555:Karatalas
4550:Harmonium
4499:Rudraksha
4437:Materials
4353:Kamandalu
4288:Banalinga
4219:Third eye
4209:Śaktipāta
4071:Ashirvada
4035:Pravargya
4010:Agnihotra
3967:Parikrama
3947:Abhisheka
3877:Festivals
3688:Puremusic
2414:, page 48
2300:144687005
1804:Karnataka
1796:Telangana
1762:centers,
1752:spiritual
1677:Jai Uttal
1533:, etc).
1527:keyboards
1523:harmonium
1500:Cambodian
1435:Vajrayana
1389:festivals
1268:Gurdwaras
1229:harmonium
1136:harmonium
948:Vaishnava
867:Chandidas
845:Chandidas
804:harmonium
677:Tamilakam
480:கீர்த்தனை
465:ڪِيرَتَنُ
399:Harikatha
395:Vishnupad
326:anukarana
318:anukirtan
295:Brahmanas
271:The term
225:karatalas
221:woodwinds
179:like the
6933:Category
6863:Gurmukhī
6854:Punjabis
6797:Hinduism
6725:Politics
6685:Waheguru
6680:Ik Onkar
6642:Vaisakhi
6569:Treaties
5951:Sadhaura
5921:Chamkaur
5878:Military
5720:Ramraiya
5690:Namdhari
5631:Scotland
5611:Thailand
5571:Pakistan
5541:Malaysia
5417:Diaspora
5295:Gurdwara
4970:Glossary
4914:Samskara
4902:See also
4843:Parijata
4742:Sannyasa
4727:Purohita
4638:Swastika
4524:Turmeric
4479:Marigold
4444:Agarwood
4418:Tilakamu
4358:Khirapat
4308:Dhunachi
4179:Jagarana
4131:Upakarma
4066:Achamana
4020:Aupasana
3720:21 April
3389:43561005
1818:See also
1619:the West
1556:and the
1455:parittas
1431:Mahayana
1358:Buddhism
1292:(called
1290:Pakhawaj
1260:Kīratana
1258:: ਕੀਰਤਨ
1256:Gurmukhi
1218:Amritsar
1184:Sanskrit
1177:Mahipati
1079:Sanskrit
1071:Tirumala
1007:Nimbarka
1003:Haridasi
977:region,
925:padavali
785:Bengalis
781:padavali
740:Carnatic
715:Jayadeva
701:Prahlada
673:Nayanars
631:Sanskrit
625:(unlike
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4886: (
4833:Kadamba
4768:more...
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4469:Incense
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286:कीर्त्
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