1684:
2183:"Lemtinga situacija susidarė 1919 m. Versalio taikos konferencijoje. Lenkijos atstovas R. Dmovskis ten pareiškė, kad Lietuva nepribrendo valstybingumui, ir reikalavo ją prijungti prie Lenkijos. Dmovskis su prancūzų atstovu Klemanso iškėlė Rytprūsių pasidalijimo klausimą. Jie siūlė Gumbinę su Įsrutimi prijungti prie Lenkijos, Karaliaučių paskelbti laisvu miestu, o likusią dalį atiduoti būsimai marionetinei, nuo Lenkijos priklausomai Lietuvai." English translation: "A fatal situation appeared in 1919 at the Versailles peace conference. The Polish representative Dmowski expressed that Lithuania is not ready for independence, and insisted on attaching Lithuania to Poland. Dmowski and French representative Clemenceau promoted the idea of a partition of East Prussia. They proposed to attach
1222:, signed by the Council of Ambassadors and Lithuania, the area was granted a separate parliament, two official languages, the capacity to raise its own taxes, charge custom duties, and manage its cultural and religious affairs, and was allowed a separate judicial system, separate citizenship, internal control of agriculture and forestry, as well as a separate social security system. The Council of Ambassadors accepted the resulting arrangement and confirmed the autonomy of the region within the Republic of Lithuania. On 8 May 1924, a further Convention on the Klaipėda region confirmed the annexation, and a resulting autonomy agreement was signed in Paris. In the Lithuanian-German Arbitration and Settlement Agreement (
82:
353:
328:
70:
2861:"Kai kurie ir iš nepriklausomos Lietuvos išvažiuoja į Vokietiją, nes čia ne visiems pavyksta atgauti žemę ir sodybas, miestuose ir miesteliuose turėtus gyvenamuosius namus. Vis dar yra net nebandomų sudrausminti piktavalių, kurie lietuvininkams siūlo "grįžti" į "faterliandą"." Tr.: Even some from independent Lithuanians emigrate to Germany, because not for all property is returned. There are still persons who propose for lietuvininks to "return" to "vaterland". The article is written in 1998 and represents situation in these years.
1669:
made up 21.5% in 1912, 32.6% in 1925, and 38.7% in 1932*). Foreign citizens might include some
Germans who opted for German citizenship instead of Lithuanian (although at the time the German government pressured local Germans to take Lithuanian citizenship so that German presence would remain). There were more Lithuanian speakers in the north of the region (Klaipėdos apskritis and Šilutės apskritis) than in the south (Pagėgių apskritis). Other locals included people of other nationalities who had citizenship in Lithuania, such as
1738:
97:
717:
3146:
3121:
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2238:"dem Entschluß, das Memelgebiet von Deutschland abzutrennen, trug die antideutsche Einstellung des französischen Premiers, Georges Clemenceau, bei, der "die armen versklavten Litauer in Ostpreußen aus dem deutschen Joch" befreien wollte. Litauische Politiker haben diese antideutsche Haltung Clemenceaus später erfolgreich ausgenutzt und Forderungen, die für Litauen günstig waren, gestellt." Translation: "The resolution to separate the Memel Territory from Germany, the
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1936:
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1166:
787:
543:
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1996:. In 1958, when emigration was allowed, the majority of the surviving population, both Germans and Prussian Lithuanians, emigrated to West Germany; this event was called a repatriation of Germans by the Lithuanian SSR. Today these formerly Lutheran territories are mostly inhabited by Lithuanians who are Catholic and by
1335:. As the years passed, claims were becoming more and more vocal about a re-integration into a resurgent Germany. It was only during the latter period that Lithuania then instituted a policy of "Lithuanization". This was met by even more opposition, as religious and regional differences slowly became insurmountable.
1099:
The Allied and associated Powers reject the suggestion that the cession of the district of Memel conflicts with the principles of nationality. The district in question has always been
Lithuanian; the majority of the populace is Lithuanian in origin and in speech and that fact the city of Memel itself
2754:
The strong lithuanization policy from
Lithuanian State gave the inverse effect, reflected by anti-Lithuanian dispositions among Germans and local Lietuvininkai people. The forms of Lithuanization policy were not acceptable for Klaipėda region local Lietuvininkai people. Having no other alternatives,
1792:
According to the treaty, the citizens of the Memel
Territory were allowed to choose their citizenship: either German or Lithuanian. 303 people or, counting family members, 585, asked for Lithuanian citizenship but only 20 requests were granted. Another term stated that persons who had settled in the
1781:
of the
Memelland. This proved to be the last of a series of bloodless annexations of territories separated from the German or Austrian Empire by the Treaty of Versailles, which had been perceived by many Germans as a humiliation. German forces seized the territory even before the official Lithuanian
1235:
Importantly, the annexation gave
Lithuania control of a year-round, ice-free Baltic port. Lithuania made full use of Klaipėda's port, modernizing and adapting it largely for its agricultural exports. The port reconstruction was certainly one of the larger long-term investment projects enacted by the
1239:
The inhabitants of the area were not given a choice on the ballot as to whether they wanted to be part of the
Lithuanian state or part of Germany. Since the pro-German political parties had an overall majority of more than 80% in all elections to the local parliament (see election statistics below)
2394:
Occupation is admitted by modern
Lithuanian historians: "Neue Untersuchungen machen es heute möglich, die tatsächliche Verteilung der Rollen auf die Schützen, die litauische Regierung und die Armee bei der Besetzung des Memegebietes offenzulegen." tr.: "New investigations make it possible today to
1707:
The authoritarian regime of
Smetona enforced a policy of discrimination and Lithuanisation: it sent administrators from Lithuania, and German teachers, officials, and priests were fired from jobs. Local inhabitants—both Germans and Prussian Lithuanians—were not accepted for state service in Memel
1668:
Overall, Prussian
Lithuanians were more rural than Germans; the number of Lithuanian speakers in the city of Klaipėda itself increased over time due to urbanization and migration from villages into cities and later also from remaining Lithuania (in the city of Klaipėda, Lithuanian-speaking people
1090:
including those whose mother-tongue is Lithuanian, have never desired a separation from Germany;...they have always proved themselves a loyal constituent part of the German community...moreover, Memel is an entirely German town...which has never in its whole history belonged to Lithuania or to
2242:
attitude of the French Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau, who wanted to "free the poor enslaved Lithuanians in East Prussia from the German yoke". Lithuanian politicians later successfully took advantage of Clemenceau's anti-German attitude and made claims that were favorable for Lithuania."
1719:
Election results in Memel Territory were irritating for the authoritarian Smetona regime, and it attempted to "colonise" Memel Territory with Lithuanians. The Lithuanian settlements Jakai and Smeltė were built. The number of newcomers increased: in 1926 the number was 5,000, in 1939–30,000.
1044:. It is traditionally viewed by Lithuanians as expressing the desire of Lithuania Minor to unite with Lithuania, but the majority of Prussian Lithuanians did not want to join with Lithuania, and the Prussian Lithuanians, at 26.6% of the population, did not make up a majority of the region.
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Postage stamps of the Klaipėda Region in use 1920–1925. The upper stamp is French with overprint in German "MEMEL". The other stamps are Lithuanian, one with overprint in Lithuanian and in German, the other without. The latter one was issued especially for postal use in the Klaipėda
1346:
came to power. As the status of the Memel Territory was regulated by international treaties, the Memel Territory became an oasis of democracy in Lithuania. Lithuanian intelligentsia often held marriages in Memel/Klaipėda, since Memel Territory was the only place in Lithuania where
2019:
Although maintaining that the Memel Territory in 1939 was re-annexed by Germany and acknowledging that Lithuania itself was occupied in 1940 by the Soviets, Lithuania, after regaining independence on 11 March 1990, did not restore autonomy to the Memel Territory.
1967:
At the end of the war, the majority of the inhabitants had fled to the West to settle in Germany. Still, in 1945–46 there were around 35,000 local inhabitants, both Prussian Lithuanians and Germans. The government of the Lithuanian SSR sent agitators into the
1583:
A Lithuanian census carried out in the region in 1925 found its total population was 141,000. Declared language was used to classify the inhabitants, and on this basis 43.5 percent were German, 27.6 percent were Lithuanian, and 25.2 percent were "Klaipėdan"
1946:
After Nazi Germany took over the area in 1939, many Lithuanians and their organizations began leaving Memel and the surrounding area. Memel was quickly turned into a fortified naval base by the Germans. After the failure of the German invasion of the
1113:
and then subsequently accused of siding with Polish civilian and military representatives. As a result of this backlash, Odry left his post shortly after coming to Memel and handed the responsibility of the administration over to High Commissioner
1104:
Following the evacuation of German troops from Memel, the French took over the temporary military administration of the region on 15 February 1920, under the leadership of General Dominique Odry. This was supplemented by a civilian one headed by
1362:
in Kaunas can be presented as the first anti-Nazi trial in Europe. Three members of the organizations were sentenced to death, and their leaders imprisoned. Following political and economic pressure from Germany, most were later released.
1715:
Until 1938, no governor was appointed from local Prussian Lithuanians. This policy led the Prussian Lithuanian intelligentsia and some local Germans to organise a society in 1934 to oppose Lithuanian rule. This group was soon dismantled.
1028:(from 1871, part of the German Empire), having remained unchanged since the Treaty of Melno in 1422, became a matter of discussion following World War I as the newly independent states of Poland and Lithuania emerged. The separatist
1793:
Memel Territory during the occupation period from 1923 to 1939 should emigrate. About 8,900 Lithuanians did so. At the same time, Germany expelled about 1,300 local Memel and Lithuanian Jews and about 40 Prussian Lithuanians.
1972:
to make promises to former inhabitants that they could return and their property would be restored. In the period of 1945–50 about 8,000 persons were repatriated. Bilingual Lithuanian-German returners were viewed as Germans.
1305:
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Algimantas P. Gureckas, Lithuania's Boundaries and Territorial Claims Between Lithuania and Neighboring States, New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law, 1991, Volume 12, Numbers 1 & 2, p.
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and ran southeasterly to the Neman. This border remained until 1918. After the Treaty of Melno was signed, many Lithuanians returned to northeastern Prussia, which became known as Lithuania Minor in the 16th century.
728:
ended in 1918, the Klaipėda Region was defined as a roughly triangular wedge, with the northern border being the Treaty of Melno border, the southern border following the Neman River, and on the west abutting the
1955:
and Memel was sealed. By October 1944, the inhabitants of the area, without ethnic distinction, had to make a decision whether to stay or leave. Nearly all of the population was evacuated from the approaching
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569:
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is in large parts German is no justification for maintaining the district under German sovereignty, particularly from the view of the fact that the port of Memel is the only sea outlet for Lithuania
1683:
733:. In 1923, fearing that the western powers would create a free state, Lithuanians took control of the region and, as part of larger regional negotiations, incorporated the region into the
1984:. People who remained in the former Memel territory were dismissed from their jobs. Families of notable local Lithuanians, who had opposed German parties before the war, were deported to
1252:, declared themselves "Memellanders/Klaipėdiškiai" in the official census (see below for demographic information) and did not want to belong to a Lithuanian national state due to strong
1148:
in Germany, and the French administration in Memel did not take any significant counteractive measures against the rebels. On 19 January, the territory was annexed by Lithuania, and the
1059:. The purpose was to give the lower part of the Neman River and its delta, which was located in Germany and called the Memel River, to Lithuania, as this would provide her access to the
2395:
reveal the actual distribution of roles between the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, the Lithuanian Government and the Lithuanian Army in the case of the occupation of the Memel territory."
1752:
By late 1938, Lithuania had lost control of the situation in the Territory. In the early hours of 23 March 1939, after an oral ultimatum had caused a Lithuanian delegation to travel to
2004:
historically were concentrated in these regions, and some remain to this day. Only a few thousand are left. Their continued emigration is facilitated by the fact they are considered
616:
until a future date, when the people of these regions would be allowed to vote on whether the land would return to Germany or not. Today, the former Memel Territory is controlled by
1316:(at first F. Gregor, elected in 1927, succeeded by O. Obereiniger, elected by the regional synod in 1933). The Catholic parishes in the Klaipėda Region used to belong to the
1232:
agreed "as a sign of the friendly nature of their relations" to conclude, among other items, a border settlement agreement that included the status of the Memel Territory.
720:
Mother Tongues of East Prussia, according to the 1905 Census; Memelland is visible in the far north of East Prussia, with Lithuanian-speakers indicated by shades of green
1723:
Lithuania introduced a hard-line Lithuanisation campaign that led to even deeper antagonism between local Prussian Lithuanians, Memellanders, Germans and newcomers.
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At the start of the 1930s, certain leaders and members of pro-Nazi organizations in the region were put on trial by Lithuania "for crimes of terrorism". The 1934–5
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1118:. During the period of French administration, the idea of an independent state of Memelland grew in popularity among local inhabitants. The organisation
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congregations, the mostly Lutheran congregations (and a single Reformed one in Klaipėda) in the Klaipėda Region were disentangled from the old-Prussian
1899:
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in the interwar period, there can be little doubt that such a referendum would have been in favour of Germany. In fact, the area had been annexed from
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to Poland, Königsberg should be declared a free city, and the remaining part should be attached to Lithuania which would be controlled by Poland."
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in 1921. The French Administration proved problematic, as they were accused by the Lithuanian population of siding too closely with the pro-German
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96:
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in the late 1800s. According to the Lithuanian point of view, Memellanders were viewed as Germanized Lithuanians who should be re-Lithuanized.
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440:
3167:
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counties. The southern border established by the Treaty of Versailles defines the current international boundary between Lithuania and the
1126:, which later should return to Germany. It had 30,000 members, both ethnic Germans and Lithuanians, or about 21% of the total population.
2551:
1588:). Other sources give the interwar ethnic composition as 41.9 percent German, 27.1 percent Memeländisch, and 26.6 percent Lithuanian.
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3216:
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81:
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2443:"Memellander/Klaipėdiškiai Identity and German-Lithuanian Relations in Lithuania Minor in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries"
1977:
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ratification. The United Kingdom and France, as after the revolt of 1923, took no action. It was under these conditions that the
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under the administration of the Council of Ambassadors, and French troops were sent for protection. The German delegation at the
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1245:
1079:
877:
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Duchy of Prussia, a sovereign state in personal union with Brandenburg, a fief of the Holy Roman Empire (together also called
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2102:
1140:
On 9 January 1923, three years after the Versailles Treaty had become effective, Lithuania occupied the territory during the
2880:
Marjorie M. Whiteman, ed., Digest of International Law, Department of State Publication 7737, 1964, Vol.3, p. 315 & 316.
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1925:
1371:
The local parliament had 29 seats, one for every 5,000 inhabitants. Men and women over the age of 23 had the right to vote.
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1110:
163:
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1989:
750:
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in exchange for a Lithuanian Free Zone for 99 years in the port of Memel, using the facilities erected in previous years.
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220:
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1183:
808:
2982:
2929:
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1732:
892:
738:
2486:, Breslau: Marcus, 1930, (Abhandlungen aus dem Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht sowie aus dem Völkerrecht, No. 44), p. 82.
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1205:
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2937:
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According to the pre-war Lithuanian view, the Memellanders were Germanised Lithuanians who should be re-Lithuanised.
1789:
Still, the reunion with Germany was welcomed by the majority of the population, both by Germans and by Memelanders.
1786:
was forced to approve the treaty, hoping that Germany would not press any other territorial demands upon Lithuania.
1339:
1331:
The government of Lithuania faced considerable opposition from the region's autonomous institutions, among them the
816:
2195:
657:
69:
1308:(Landessynodalverband Memelgebiet) since, being ranked an old-Prussian ecclesiastical province of its own. An own
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812:
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3226:
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Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: history, data, and analysis
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There was also a strong denominational difference since about 95% of the inhabitants of Lithuania Minor were
1083:
1063:, while Lithuania itself should be part of Poland. These ideas were supported by the French prime minister,
2146:
Tr.: The majority of Prussian Lithuanians did not even want to talk about unification with poor Lithuania.
1144:, mainly by militias that had entered the region from Lithuania. At the same time, France had started the
708:
of Lithuania wanted the border to be coextensive with the Neman River, the treaty border started north of
2009:
1293:
605:
434:
3206:
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1309:
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Joachim Tauber: Das Memelgebiet (1919–1944) in der deutschen und litauischen Historiographie nach 1945
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were legitimized. Thus, Lithuanian opposition to Smetona's regime was also based in Memel Territory.
900:
2926:
2034:
1375:
797:
2496:
2415:
1997:
1737:
1680:
based on family history illustrated the centuries-old German–Lithuanian relations in the region.
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1818:
1115:
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1969:
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601:
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would possess lands taken beyond the Masovian border in exchange for securing Masovia. After
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597:
515:
478:
333:
1241:
1056:
1052:
1033:
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243:
2730:"Didlietuviai: an example of committee of Lithuanian organizations activities (1934–1939)"
2144:
Apie norą susijungti su nuskurdusia Lietuva daugumai lietuvininkų negalėjo būti nė kalbos.
8:
1325:
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637:
609:
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36:
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they started to nestle themselves with much more known for them German national identity
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770:
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in 1935. The accused claimed that the Klaipėda Region should be part of Germany, not
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115:
2158:
762:
625:
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since the 13th century, and even many Lithuanian-speakers, regarding themselves as
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until 28 January 1945. After its capture, only six people were found in the city.
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1961:
1841:
1741:
1343:
1297:
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753:. Since 1990, the area of the Klaipėda Region has formed part of the independent
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in 1242 through 1274 failed, the Order conquered many remaining western Balts in
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138:
50:
2741:
2005:
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Die Rolle des Schützenbundes Litauens bei der Besetzung des Memelgebietes 1923
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3169:
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2001:
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In 1920, according to the Treaty of Versailles, the German area north of the
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1029:
934:
689:
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460:
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2244:
1993:
1981:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1831:
1772:
1745:
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992:
978:
746:
604:. The Memel Territory, together with other areas severed from Germany (the
589:
118:
102:
749:
came to an end in 1945, the Soviet Union incorporated the region into the
495:
2938:
German translation of the Commission Report to the Council of Ambassadors
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742:
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681:
653:
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531:
383:
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2792:
In March 1939 the majority of Memellanders greeted the reunion with the
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2299:
2039:
1935:
128:
3055:
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2380:
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1912:
1190: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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in 1920 and refers to the northernmost part of the German province of
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3085:
3035:
3022:
2852:"Dabar jų yra vos keli tūkstančiai." Tr.: Only a few thousand remain.
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1835:
1700:
1013:
968:
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where the Dangė river flows into the Neman, at the north end of the
1957:
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2418:[The Secret of the Woldemaras Minutes of 29 January 1928]
1269:
Agreement concerning the Evangelical Church of the Klaipėda Region
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1985:
1960:, but the city itself was defended by the German army during the
1775:
naval ship and at dawn sailed into Memel to celebrate the return
1025:
511:
2087:
The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration
1152:
was eventually confirmed by the Council of Ambassadors in 1924.
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2416:"Das Geheimnis um das Woldemaras-Protokoll vom 29. Januar 1928"
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1709:
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1122:(German-Lithuanian homeland federation) promoted the idea of a
527:
507:
416:
645:
1854:
Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys (27 October 1924 – 8 November 1925)
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immediately protested this decision, stating on 9 May 1919:
2549:
1670:
1907:
Transitional Commissioner for the Integration of Memelland
1374:
See also the results of the January 1919 elections to the
1095:
To this claim, the Allied Powers responded the following:
692:. In 1422, after centuries of conflict, the Order and the
2710:
1992:
expelled 3,500 people from the former Memel Territory to
1703:, and spread propaganda, prepared for an armed uprising.
1282:
Abkommen betr. die evangelische Kirche des Memelgebietes
1228:) of 29 January 1928, the Republic of Lithuania and the
1766:
Treaty of the Cession of the Memel Territory to Germany
1320:
until 1926 and were then disentangled, forming the new
2997:
1047:
The division of Prussia was also promoted by Poland's
2484:
Verträge zwischen Staat und Kirche im Deutschen Reich
2199:
1155:
1020:
of emergency money from 1922 issued and used in Memel
101:
Historical map of Memelland and the northern part of
2000:
Russians. However, the minority Prussian Lithuanian
1976:
The few remaining ethnic Germans were then forcibly
850:
Timeline with changes of control over the territory
2060:
1922 Republic of Central Lithuania general election
1306:Regional Synodal Federation of the Memel Territory
1351:was in use, in the rest of Lithuania only church
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2945:German translation of Vygantas Vareikis' thesis
2530:"Memelgebiet: Wahl zur Nationalversammlung 1919"
2047:Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1980:, with most opting to flee to what would become
1844:, Lithuania (24 February 1923 – 27 October 1924)
1263:while more than 90% of Greater Lithuanians were
1236:government of Lithuania in the interwar period.
28:
2012:. No property restoration was performed by the
1660:Evangelical Lutheran 95%, Roman Catholic (1925)
1312:in Klaipėda was established in 1927, led by a
3257:States and territories disestablished in 1923
2983:
2497:"Memelgebiet: Übersicht der Wahlen 1919–1935"
1838:(acting; 19 February 1923 – 24 February 1923)
1756:, the Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs
596:, it was put under the administration of the
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2846:
2820:
2224:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1290:Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union
1223:
1032:was signed by a few pro-Lithuanian-oriented
42:
815:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3237:States and territories established in 1920
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2976:
612:), was to remain under the control of the
95:
2828:"Trys knygos apie lietuvininkų tragediją"
2786:
2711:"Lrytas.lt naujienos – sužinoti daugiau!"
2458:
2434:
2361:The American Journal of International Law
2354:
2232:
1930:
1367:Election results for the local parliament
1284:) of 23 July 1925, concluded between the
1206:Learn how and when to remove this message
835:Learn how and when to remove this message
2927:Map of languages in East Prussia in 1900
2440:
2270:The Slavonic and Eastern European Review
2263:
2196:Nuotrupos iš Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos
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1934:
1821:, France (1 May 1921 – 19 February 1923)
1815:, France (15 February 1920 – 1 May 1921)
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1682:
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715:
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1302:Ecclesiastical Province of East Prussia
1008:
741:and transferred the Klaipėda Region to
670:uprisings of the Baltic Prussian tribes
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2727:
2721:
2682:
2550:Piotr Eberhardt; Jan Owsinski (2003).
2545:
2543:
2198:Retrieved 2007, 12–59; excerpted from
2177:
2161:[The Memel Region: Overview].
2078:
1676:In the 1930s, a novel by local author
1129:
1036:in 1918, demanding the unification of
878:Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
631:
2971:
2297:
2084:
1771:Hitler had anticipated this aboard a
291:2,657 km (1,026 sq mi)
3005:
2687:[The Case of Neumann-Sass].
2293:
2291:
1896:(15 October 1936 – 12 December 1938)
1884:(25 November 1933 – 5 February 1935)
1188:adding citations to reliable sources
1159:
813:adding citations to reliable sources
780:
656:. In March 1226, Holy Roman Emperor
2540:
2202:Mažosios Lietuvos kultūros pėdsakai
1890:(5 February 1935 – 15 October 1936)
1726:
1578:
704:and Lithuania. Although Grand Duke
463:(Poland 1454/1466 – 1772)
13:
2998:Places adjacent to Klaipėda Region
2598:
2513:
2355:Kalijarvi, Thorsten (April 1936).
1926:Directorate of the Klaipėda Region
1902:(12 December 1938 – 22 March 1939)
1733:1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania
1286:Directorate of the Klaipėda Region
1156:Autonomous region within Lithuania
14:
3268:
2887:
2460:10.15388/SocMintVei.2001.1-2.7233
2288:
1866:(1 August 1926 – 1 November 1927)
1860:(8 November 1925 – 1 August 1926)
1708:Territory. People were sent from
1333:Parliament of the Klaipėda Region
1322:Territorial Prelature of Klaipėda
880:(also Monastic State of Prussia)
684:. In 1252, the Order constructed
640:requested assistance against the
3252:1920 disestablishments in Europe
3222:History of Lithuania (1918–1940)
3144:
3132:
3119:
3106:
3094:
3078:
3069:
3061:
3044:
3028:
3015:
2892:
2264:Stephens, David (January 1936).
1878:(19 May 1932 – 25 November 1933)
1164:
1082:, under the leadership of Count
933:Kingdom of Prussia, part of the
785:
399:
394:
351:
326:
80:
68:
3217:Historical geography of Germany
3212:Historical regions in Lithuania
2874:
2864:
2830:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
2799:
2760:
2703:
2689:Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija
2676:
2658:
2633:
2607:
2592:
2574:
2522:
2507:
2489:
2476:
2447:Sociologija. Mintis Ir Veiksmas
2407:
2387:
2204:. Vilnius: Mintis. p. 24.
2067:, the capital city of Lithuania
1915:(23 March 1939 – 30 April 1939)
1872:(1 November 1927 – 19 May 1932)
1695:in Europe, which took place in
1294:church of united administration
1175:needs additional citations for
700:which defined a border between
2615:"Das Memelgebiet im Überblick"
2582:"Das Memelgebiet im Überblick"
2348:
2330:
2257:
2200:Šilas, V., Sambora H. (1990).
2151:
1919:
1225:Schieds- und Vergleichsvertrag
1120:Deutsch-Litauischer Heimatbund
893:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
425:(pre – 13th century)
419:(983 – 12th century)
1:
3247:1920 establishments in Europe
3095:
3045:
2919:STATUT DU TERRITOIRE DE MEMEL
2914:Local heritage book Memelland
2298:Grade, John A. (March 1924).
2266:"The German Problem in Memel"
2071:
2054:Republic of Central Lithuania
2030:Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
1084:Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau
164:Presidents of the Directorate
3070:
3062:
2734:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
2159:"Das Memelgebiet: Überblick"
1801:
1547:Unified German Election List
268:• Annexed by Lithuania
7:
2807:"Nesėkmės Klaipėdos krašte"
2023:
2010:Federal Republic of Germany
1796:
1760:and his German counterpart
1410:("Social Democratic Party")
1055:who acted on the orders of
776:
737:. In March 1939, Lithuania
676:, including the Skalvians,
10:
3273:
3242:League of Nations mandates
2016:for owners prior to 1945.
1923:
1730:
1550:Greater Lithuania Parties
1133:
1024:The eastern boundaries of
739:acquiesced to Nazi demands
664:, which provided that the
584:) was defined by the 1919
457:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
429:Margraviate of Brandenburg
3003:
2118:Arnašius, Helmut (2002).
1571:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1549:
1546:
1360:trial of Neumann and Sass
1340:December 1926 coup d'état
849:
367:
305:
295:
285:
280:
276:
266:
253:
240:
236:
226:
216:
212:
200:
188:
176:
172:
162:
152:
134:
124:
110:
94:
64:
59:
23:
2482:Cf. Ernst Rudolf Huber,
2414:Seewald, Enrico (2019).
2338:"Odry, Dominique-Joseph"
2095:10.1017/CBO9780511585937
2035:Memel Agricultural Party
1832:Jonas Polovinskas-Budrys
1074:was given the status of
2300:"The Memel Controversy"
2085:Stahn, Carsten (2008).
1970:displaced persons camps
694:Polish–Lithuanian union
481:(1918 – 1947)
475:(1701 – 1918)
469:(1618 – 1701)
449:(1525 – 1618)
443:(1356 – 1806)
437:(1224 – 1525)
2683:Gliožaitis, Algirdas.
2666:"Museums of Lithuania"
2645:www.worldstatesmen.org
2400:8 January 2007 at the
2357:"The Problem of Memel"
2250:8 January 2007 at the
2120:"Vokiečiai Klaipėdoje"
1943:
1942:in Memel in March 1939
1931:World War II and after
1762:Joachim von Ribbentrop
1749:
1704:
1392:("Agricultural Party")
1314:general superintendent
1281:
1224:
1146:Occupation of the Ruhr
1102:
1093:
1080:Paris Peace Conference
1021:
1002:Republic of Lithuania
959:Council of Ambassadors
721:
602:Council of Ambassadors
577:
560:
548:
534:(1947–1952, from 1990)
504:(1920–1939, from 1945)
461:Royal (Polish) Prussia
441:Elector of Brandenburg
43:
29:
2901:at Wikimedia Commons
2685:"Neumanno-Sasso byla"
2441:Vareikis, V. (2001).
2404:Retrieved 2007, 13–04
2254:Retrieved 2007, 19–52
2014:Republic of Lithuania
1938:
1813:Dominique Joseph Odry
1740:
1686:
1390:Landwirtschaftspartei
1097:
1088:
1016:
969:Republic of Lithuania
945:Free State of Prussia
755:Republic of Lithuania
719:
662:Golden Bull of Rimini
545:
516:Recovered Territories
479:Free State of Prussia
413:(965 – 983)
334:Free State of Prussia
135:Common languages
44:Memelland/Memelgebiet
3232:Treaty of Versailles
3227:Geography of Prussia
2834:on 27 September 2006
2744:on 27 September 2007
2124:Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas
1876:Vytautas Jonas Gylys
1819:Gabriel Jean Petisné
1458:Others 9.0%: 2 seats
1318:Bishopric of Ermland
1184:improve this article
1116:Gabriel Jean Petisné
1107:Gabriel Jean Petisné
1034:Prussian Lithuanians
1009:Treaty of Versailles
809:improve this section
652:who lived along the
586:Treaty of Versailles
244:Treaty of Versailles
16:Area of East Prussia
3179: /
2728:Pocytė, S. (2003).
1744:Avenue was renamed
1406:Sozialdemokratische
1376:Nationalversammlung
1326:Justinas Staugaitis
1220:Klaipėda Convention
1130:Lithuanian takeover
1124:Freistaat Memelland
1076:Territoire de Memel
913:Brandenburg-Prussia
654:Neman (Memel) River
638:Konrad I of Masovia
632:Historical overview
467:Brandenburg-Prussia
453:Malbork Voivodeship
417:Lutician federation
3152:Kaliningrad Oblast
3127:Kaliningrad Oblast
3114:Kaliningrad Oblast
2958:Hitler in Klaipėda
2774:on 13 January 2007
2768:"Memel – Klaipeda"
2424:Annaberger Annalen
2383:– via JSTOR.
2326:– via JSTOR.
2284:– via JSTOR.
1944:
1864:Karolis Žalkauskas
1807:High Commissioners
1750:
1705:
1401:("People's Party")
1242:Lithuanian kingdom
1111:Landes Directorium
1065:Georges Clemenceau
1038:Prussian Lithuania
1022:
924:Kingdom of Prussia
771:Russian Federation
767:Kaliningrad Oblast
735:State of Lithuania
722:
549:
522:Kaliningrad Oblast
473:Kingdom of Prussia
262:10–15 January 1923
3183:55.450°N 21.400°E
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
2897:Media related to
2567:978-0-7656-0665-5
2245:Vygantas Vareikis
2126:(in Lithuanian).
2104:978-0-521-87800-5
1888:Vladas Kurkauskas
1826:Plenipotentiaries
1742:President Smetona
1666:
1665:
1576:
1575:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1006:
1005:
895:(with Prussia in
845:
844:
837:
614:League of Nations
561:Klaipėdos kraštas
540:
539:
377:
376:
363:
362:
359:
358:
339:
338:
190:• 1921–1923
178:• 1920–1921
157:Special territory
116:League of Nations
30:Klaipėdos kraštas
3264:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3064:
3048:
3047:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3006:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2959:
2953:
2942:
2934:
2923:
2910:
2896:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2803:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2770:. Archived from
2764:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2740:. Archived from
2725:
2719:
2718:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2619:www.gonschior.de
2611:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2586:www.gonschior.de
2578:
2572:
2571:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2462:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2405:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2342:Das Bundesarchiv
2334:
2328:
2327:
2316:10.2307/20028310
2295:
2286:
2285:
2261:
2255:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2215:
2194:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2130:. Archived from
2115:
2109:
2108:
2082:
1900:Viktoras Gailius
1727:German ultimatum
1678:Ieva Simonaitytė
1591:
1590:
1579:Demographic data
1431:
1426:
1421:
1417:(Worker's Party)
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1296:of Lutheran and
1276:
1267:. Following the
1227:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1168:
1160:
1042:Lithuania proper
891:, a fief of the
889:Duchy of Prussia
847:
846:
840:
833:
829:
826:
820:
789:
781:
666:Teutonic Knights
648:, including the
572:
498:area (from 1918)
447:Duchy of Prussia
403:
398:
379:
378:
355:
354:
343:
342:
330:
329:
323:
322:
307:
306:
207:Erdmann Simoneit
195:Wilhelm Steputat
183:Arthur Altenberg
114:Territory under
99:
84:
72:
54:
46:
40:
32:
21:
20:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3207:Klaipėda Region
3197:
3196:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3131:
3120:
3118:
3107:
3105:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3067:Klaipėda Region
3029:
3027:
3016:
3014:
2999:
2996:
2957:
2951:
2940:
2932:
2921:
2908:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2747:
2745:
2726:
2722:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2691:(in Lithuanian)
2681:
2677:
2670:www.muziejai.lt
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2597:
2593:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2548:
2541:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2512:
2508:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2439:
2435:
2419:
2412:
2408:
2402:Wayback Machine
2392:
2388:
2373:10.2307/2191087
2353:
2349:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2304:Foreign Affairs
2296:
2289:
2262:
2258:
2252:Wayback Machine
2237:
2233:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2193:(in Lithuanian)
2192:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2135:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2049:(A.K.A. Litbel)
2026:
2006:German citizens
1988:. In 1951, the
1962:Battle of Memel
1933:
1928:
1922:
1894:Jurgis Kubilius
1842:Antanas Smetona
1804:
1799:
1735:
1729:
1581:
1572:12.8%: 4 seats
1569:87.2%: 25 seats
1561:18.8%: 5 seats
1558:81.2%: 24 seats
1539:19.7%: 5 seats
1521:37.1%: 11 seats
1513:22.7%: 5 seats
1495:31.8%: 10 seats
1487:13.6%: 4 seats
1472:32.7%: 10 seats
1469:33.6%: 10 seats
1446:36.9%: 11 seats
1443:38.1%: 11 seats
1433:
1422:Communist Party
1416:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1369:
1344:Antanas Smetona
1304:and formed the
1272:
1230:Weimar Republic
1212:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1181:
1169:
1158:
1142:Klaipėda Revolt
1138:
1136:Klaipėda Revolt
1132:
1057:Józef Piłsudski
1011:
949:Weimar Republic
841:
830:
824:
821:
806:
790:
779:
698:Treaty of Melno
674:Lithuania Minor
634:
568:
565:Memel Territory
553:Klaipėda Region
502:Klaipėda Region
352:
347:Klaipėda County
327:
288:
272:19 January 1923
269:
259:
257:Klaipėda Revolt
249:10 January 1919
246:
231:Interwar period
203:
191:
179:
145:
141:
106:
90:
89:
88:
85:
77:
76:
73:
55:
48:
41:
34:
26:
25:Klaipėda Region
17:
12:
11:
5:
3270:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3188:55.450; 21.400
3160:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3129:
3116:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3075:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3025:
3012:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2943:
2935:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2889:
2888:External links
2886:
2883:
2882:
2873:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2819:
2798:
2785:
2759:
2720:
2702:
2675:
2657:
2632:
2606:
2591:
2573:
2566:
2560:. p. 40.
2539:
2521:
2506:
2488:
2475:
2433:
2406:
2386:
2347:
2329:
2287:
2256:
2231:
2210:
2176:
2150:
2134:on 31 May 2008
2110:
2103:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2022:
1990:Lithuanian SSR
1932:
1929:
1924:Main article:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1870:Antanas Merkys
1867:
1861:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1778:heim ins Reich
1748:Street in 1939
1731:Main article:
1728:
1725:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:141,645 (1930)
1642:
1641:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:27.2%: 8 seats
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:13.8%: 4 seats
1499:
1498:27.6%: 8 seats
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:10.1%: 3 seats
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:16.0%: 5 seats
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:People's Party
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:Arbeiterpartei
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1368:
1365:
1349:civil marriage
1324:under Prelate
1250:East Prussians
1246:monastic state
1214:
1213:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1134:Main article:
1131:
1128:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
991:, part of the
989:Lithuanian SSR
986:
982:
981:
976:
972:
971:
966:
962:
961:
956:
952:
951:
942:
938:
937:
931:
927:
926:
921:
917:
916:
909:
905:
904:
897:personal union
886:
882:
881:
874:Livonian Order
871:
867:
866:
856:
852:
851:
843:
842:
793:
791:
784:
778:
775:
751:Lithuanian SSR
636:In 1226, Duke
633:
630:
538:
537:
536:
535:
525:
519:
505:
499:
490:
489:
485:
484:
483:
482:
476:
470:
464:
450:
444:
438:
435:Teutonic Order
432:
426:
420:
414:
411:Northern March
405:
404:
391:
390:
375:
374:
369:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
349:
340:
337:
336:
331:
319:
318:
313:
303:
302:
297:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
254:
251:
250:
247:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
228:
227:Historical era
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
210:
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204:
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198:
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192:
189:
186:
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180:
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174:
173:
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169:
166:
160:
159:
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150:
149:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
112:
108:
107:
100:
92:
91:
86:
79:
78:
74:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3269:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
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3220:
3218:
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3195:
3192:
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3117:
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3093:
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3068:
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2716:
2715:www.lrytas.lt
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2602:
2599:Cahoon, Ben.
2595:
2587:
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2577:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2514:cahoon, ben.
2510:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2426:(in German).
2425:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
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2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2211:5-417-00367-0
2207:
2203:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2147:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2066:
2063:
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2057:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:Jonas Navakas
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Juozas Urbšys
1755:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
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1610:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:8.2%: 3 seats
1529:
1527:7.8%: 2 seats
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:4.2%: 2 seats
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:7.2%: 2 seats
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1404:
1397:Memeländische
1395:
1388:Memeländische
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1254:Germanisation
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1210:
1207:
1199:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1173:This section
1171:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1150:fait accompli
1147:
1143:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Roman Dmowski
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:Act of Tilsit
1027:
1019:
1015:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
990:
987:
984:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
963:
960:
957:
954:
953:
950:
946:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:German Empire
932:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
918:
914:
910:
907:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:
884:
883:
879:
875:
872:
869:
868:
864:
860:
857:
854:
853:
848:
839:
836:
828:
818:
814:
810:
804:
803:
799:
794:This section
792:
788:
783:
782:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
757:, as part of
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
718:
714:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Curonian Spit
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:Baltic tribes
643:
639:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
544:
533:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
513:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:
492:
491:
487:
486:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
458:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:Old Prussians
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
408:
407:
406:
402:
397:
393:
392:
389:
385:
381:
380:
373:
370:
368:Today part of
366:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:
335:
332:
325:
324:
321:
320:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
304:
301:
298:
294:
290:
284:
279:
275:
271:
265:
261:
258:
252:
248:
245:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
219:
215:
211:
208:
205:
199:
196:
193:
187:
184:
181:
175:
171:
167:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
104:
98:
93:
83:
71:
63:
58:
52:
45:
38:
31:
22:
19:
3164:
3066:
2947:
2891:
2876:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2832:the original
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2801:
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2772:the original
2762:
2753:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:the original
2737:
2733:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2688:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2644:
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2618:
2609:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2552:
2536:(in German).
2534:Gonschior.de
2533:
2524:
2509:
2503:(in German).
2501:Gonschior.de
2500:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2409:
2389:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2307:
2303:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2234:
2201:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2163:gonschior.de
2162:
2153:
2143:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
2127:
2123:
2113:
2086:
2080:
2018:
1994:East Germany
1982:West Germany
1975:
1966:
1953:East Prussia
1951:the fate of
1945:
1940:Adolf Hitler
1906:
1905:
1858:Jonas Žilius
1848:
1847:
1825:
1824:
1806:
1805:
1791:
1788:
1776:
1773:Kriegsmarine
1770:
1765:
1751:
1746:Adolf Hitler
1722:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1675:
1667:
1651:24.2% (1925)
1600:
1586:Memeländisch
1585:
1582:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1337:
1330:
1301:
1268:
1258:
1238:
1234:
1217:
1202:
1193:
1182:Please help
1177:verification
1174:
1149:
1139:
1123:
1119:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1046:
1023:
999:1990–present
993:Soviet Union
903:since 1618)
831:
822:
807:Please help
795:
747:World War II
723:
686:Memel Castle
658:Frederick II
635:
593:
590:East Prussia
581:
564:
552:
550:
501:
316:Succeeded by
315:
310:
287:• Total
202:• 1923
103:East Prussia
87:Coat of arms
18:
3186: /
2952:(in German)
2941:(in German)
2933:(in German)
2922:(in French)
2909:(in German)
2812:24 February
2695:12 February
2650:21 December
2641:"Lithuania"
2625:21 December
2621:(in German)
2601:"Lithuania"
2558:M.E. Sharpe
2516:"Lithuania"
2276:(41): 325.
2240:anti-German
2165:(in German)
2138:14 November
2002:Protestants
1920:Directorate
1764:signed the
1689:first trial
1636:Evangelical
1601:Memelandish
1399:Volkspartei
1072:Memel river
901:Brandenburg
726:World War I
696:signed the
682:Yotvingians
660:issued the
620:as part of
592:, when, as
582:Memelgebiet
532:Brandenburg
524:(from 1945)
518:(from 1945)
431:(1157–1618)
384:Brandenburg
382:History of
311:Preceded by
217:Legislature
3201:Categories
3056:Baltic Sea
3010:Baltic Sea
2430:: 112–113.
2367:(2): 205.
2310:(3): 412.
2189:Insterburg
2072:References
1913:Erich Koch
1638:Christians
1605:Lithuanian
1594:Population
1432:Lithuanian
1338:After the
1310:consistory
1061:Baltic Sea
1053:Versailles
947:, part of
731:Baltic Sea
678:Nadruvians
644:and other
628:counties.
557:Lithuanian
300:Papiermark
153:Government
147:Lithuanian
143:Low German
119:protection
37:Lithuanian
3140:Lithuania
3086:Lithuania
3036:Lithuania
3023:Lithuania
2899:Memelland
2796:with joy.
2778:8 January
2469:1392-3358
2453:: 54–65.
2220:cite book
2185:Gumbinnen
1849:Governors
1836:Lithuania
1802:Governors
1712:instead.
1701:Lithuania
1353:marriages
1274:‹See Tfd›
1265:Catholics
1261:Lutherans
985:1945–1990
975:1939–1945
965:1923–1939
955:1920–1923
941:1918–1920
930:1871–1918
920:1701–1871
908:1657–1701
885:1525–1657
870:1252–1525
863:Scalovian
796:does not
710:Memelberg
650:Skalvians
642:Prussians
618:Lithuania
594:Memelland
578:Memelland
570:‹See Tfd›
496:Działdowo
372:Lithuania
60:1919–1923
2930:(larger)
2871:139-143.
2838:31 March
2398:Archived
2324:20028310
2248:Archived
2169:1 August
2040:Klaipėda
2024:See also
1998:Orthodox
1978:expelled
1958:Red Army
1797:Politics
1611:Religion
1298:Reformed
1288:and the
1196:May 2024
1018:Banknote
859:Curonian
855:pre-1252
825:May 2024
777:Timeline
759:Klaipėda
706:Vytautas
622:Klaipėda
296:Currency
221:Seimelis
129:Klaipėda
3174:21°24′E
3171:55°27′N
2963:YouTube
2381:2191087
2282:4203122
2065:Vilnius
2008:by the
1986:Siberia
1691:of the
1619:141,645
1614:Source
1244:to the
1218:In the
1091:Poland.
1026:Prussia
979:Germany
865:tribes
817:removed
802:sources
769:of the
763:Tauragė
743:Germany
702:Prussia
626:Tauragė
598:Entente
547:Region.
514:within
512:Masuria
488:Present
459:within
388:Prussia
255:•
242:•
125:Capital
3149:
3137:
3124:
3111:
3083:
3033:
3020:
2748:29 May
2564:
2467:
2379:
2322:
2280:
2208:
2101:
1784:Seimas
1754:Berlin
1710:Kaunas
1697:Kaunas
1597:German
1544:
1427:Others
1408:Partei
1278:German
724:After
680:, and
610:Danzig
574:German
528:Berlin
508:Warmia
168:
139:German
111:Status
51:German
47:
33:
2794:Reich
2420:(PDF)
2377:JSTOR
2320:JSTOR
2278:JSTOR
1693:Nazis
1654:26.5%
1648:45.2%
1628:26.6%
1625:27.1%
1622:41.9%
1608:other
1384:Year
1040:with
899:with
745:. As
563:) or
2840:2007
2814:2007
2780:2007
2750:2007
2697:2022
2652:2022
2627:2022
2562:ISBN
2465:ISSN
2226:link
2206:ISBN
2187:and
2171:2024
2140:2007
2099:ISBN
2058:The
2052:The
2045:The
2042:town
1949:USSR
1687:The
1671:Jews
1634:95%
1631:4.4%
1566:1938
1555:1935
1518:1932
1492:1930
1466:1927
1440:1925
1292:, a
876:and
861:and
800:any
798:cite
761:and
624:and
608:and
606:Saar
551:The
530:and
455:and
386:and
281:Area
75:Flag
2961:on
2455:doi
2451:1–2
2369:doi
2312:doi
2128:7–8
2091:doi
1186:by
1051:in
811:by
600:'s
580:or
3203::
2752:.
2736:.
2732:.
2713:.
2668:.
2643:.
2617:.
2584:.
2556:.
2542:^
2532:.
2499:.
2463:.
2449:.
2445:.
2428:27
2422:.
2375:.
2365:30
2363:.
2359:.
2340:.
2318:.
2306:.
2302:.
2290:^
2274:14
2272:.
2268:.
2222:}}
2218:{{
2142:.
2122:.
2097:.
2089:.
1834:,
1673:.
1461:—
1378:.
1342:,
1328:.
1280::
1067:.
915:)
773:.
576::
559::
510:,
2991:e
2984:t
2977:v
2842:.
2816:.
2782:.
2738:2
2717:.
2699:.
2672:.
2654:.
2629:.
2603:.
2588:.
2570:.
2518:.
2471:.
2457::
2371::
2344:.
2314::
2308:2
2228:)
2214:.
2173:.
2107:.
2093::
1657:—
1584:(
1536:—
1533:—
1510:—
1507:—
1484:—
1478:—
1455:—
1452:—
1271:(
1209:)
1203:(
1198:)
1194:(
1180:.
838:)
832:(
827:)
823:(
819:.
805:.
567:(
555:(
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53:)
49:(
39:)
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
