76:
389:
3657:
886:
3539:
3493:
1160:
1319:
767:
403:
574:
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his cause of protecting the status of cavalry in the Red Army but
Voroshilov openly declared his intention to do the opposite. He praised the army's combined arms warfare capabilities as well as the high quality and ability to take initiative of the officers during the 1936 summer manoeuvers. However he also pointed out issues in the Red Army as a whole in his full report. Among the issues he pointed out were insufficient communication, ineffective staffs, insufficient cooperation between arms, and the rudimentary nature of the command structure in tank units and other modern arms.
982:
3158:
458:
433:
422:
1206:, he displayed considerable personal bravery in defiance of heavy shelling at Ivanovskoye; at one point he rallied retreating troops and personally led a counter-attack against German tanks armed only with a pistol. However, the style of counterattack he launched had long since been abandoned by strategists and drew mostly contempt from his military colleagues; he failed to prevent the Germans from surrounding Leningrad and he was dismissed from his post and replaced by
1079:
1248:
849:. His military career began early in 1918, when he was given command of the Fifth Ukrainian Army, which was made up of a few scattered units, who were driven out of Ukraine by the German army. After a long, hazardous retreat, his group reached Tsaritsyn, where Stalin was posted in summer 1918 as representative of the central party leadership, and where Voroshilov was given command of the Tenth Army. Stalin and Voroshilov led the
1103:) were expanding the capabilities of their armies. The territorial units had been very unpopular, not only with Voroshilov, but with the Red Army leadership a whole. They were hopelessly ineffective: territorial conscript Alexey Grigorovich Maslov noted that he never fired a shot during his training, while it was noted that these units only underwent real training in the one month a year when experienced veterans returned.
1027:
3205:
1311:"Chairman Voroshilov presided over the meetings and clearly had the most influential voice, but split votes were not uncommon and Voroshilov was sometimes outvoted... Throughout his tenure as Presidium chair, he behaved like someone who believed that one should follow established procedure and not act too quickly in matters of life and death."
1001:, in August 1936, Voroshilov was one of four Politburo members who signed the order that appeals for clemency were to be denied and that the defendants were to be executed without delay. He was also of the main speakers at the March 1937 plenum of the Central Committee, which ended with the arrests of
1334:
However, the contrast between
Voroshilov's relatively magnanimous attitude toward pardon cases in the 1950s with his well-documented participation in the deadly purges of the 1930s (as described above) was noted even at the time by Khrushchev, who asked him, "So when were you acting according to your
1351:
chairman of the
Presidium of the Supreme Council (the head of state). The Central Committee also relieved him of duties as a member of the Party Presidium (as the Politburo had been called since 1952) on 16 July 1960. In October 1961, his political defeat was complete at the 22nd party congress when
1074:
Despite taking part in the purging of many "mechanisers" (supporters of wide usage of tanks rather than cavalry) from the Red Army, Voroshilov became convinced that reliance on cavalry should be decreased while more modern arms should receive higher priority. Marshal
Budyonny tried to recruit him to
1062:
of the 1930s, denouncing many of his own military colleagues and subordinates when asked to do so by Stalin. He wrote personal letters to exiled former Soviet officers and diplomats such as commissar
Mikhail Ostrovsky, asking them to return voluntarily to the Soviet Union and falsely reassuring them
1423:
he advocated Stalin very actively, supported him in everything, though not entirely sure in everything. It also affected their relationship. This is a very complex issue. This must be taken into account to understand why Stalin treated him critically and not invited him at all our conversations. At
1314:
Hardy and
Skorobogatov indicate that Voroshilov frequently exerted his influence on the committee toward leniency, especially in the case of those who expressed repentance in their appeal documents and those convicted of crimes of passion or under the influence of alcohol; he judged those convicted
1315:
of political crimes or acts with financial motives more harshly. During his tenure, many individuals sentenced to death had their punishments commuted to prison terms of varying lengths. The authors of the study observe that his successor, Brezhnev, took a noticeably harder line in appeals cases.
1022:
ordering him to take a train to Moscow for a meeting of the
Military Revolutionary Council, knowing that he would be arrested on the way. When the Council met on 1 June 1937, Voroshilov vacated the chair to deliver a report in which he said, apologetically: "I could not believe we would reveal so
1094:
were among the instigators of these reforms which positively impacted the Red Army. These commanders themselves turned out not to be able to carry out such operations in practice. Voroshilov and Kulik turned out to be unable to put these reforms into practice. One of these reforms was a
5088:
1418:
in 1974: "Voroshilov was nice, but only in certain times. He always stood for the political line of the party, because he was from a working class, a common man, very good orator. He was clean, yes. And he was personally devoted to Stalin. But his devotion was not very strong. However
4614:
4446:
1098:
When territorial units were abolished
Voroshilov noted that among the reasons for disbanding them was inability to train conscripts in the use of modern technology. He had openly proclaimed that the system was inadequate in an era in which imperialist powers (such as
5475:
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His main accomplishment in this period was to move key Soviet war industries east of the Urals, so that the Soviet Union could strategically retreat, while keeping its manufacturing capability intact. Frunze's political position adhered to that of the Troika
5570:
5560:
5495:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
1492:, eight times (No. 880 β 23 February 1935, No. 3582 β 22 February 1938, No. 14851 β 3 February 1941, No. 26411 β 21 February 1945, No. 128065 β 3 February 1951, No. 313410 β 3 February 1956, No. 331807 β 3 February 1961, No. 340967 β 22 February 1968)
5565:
5555:
779:'. He grew up illiterate, until he was able to enroll in a newly opened school in a nearby village, at the age of 12, and received two years' schooling. During his school years, Voroshilov became a close friend and almost a member of the family of
5395:
1152:. Voroshilov was then made Deputy Premier responsible for cultural matters. Voroshilov initially argued that thousands of Polish army officers captured in September 1939 should be released, but he later signed the order for their execution in the
1013:
and others in April and May. Voroshilov did not personally share the paranoia towards upper-class elements of the officer corps. He openly declared that the saboteurs in the Red Army were few in number and tried to save the lives of officers like
830:
5430:
5425:
1090:) with the real state of the Red Army. The politically appointed commanders of the post-purge Red Army saw that the army, especially after the purge, was not suitable to carry out deep operations style warfare. Commanders such as Voroshilov and
1144:, Stalin shouted at Voroshilov for the losses; Voroshilov replied in kind, blaming the failure on Stalin for eliminating the Red Army's best generals in his purges. Voroshilov followed this retort by smashing a platter of food on the table.
1139:
from
November 1939 to January 1940 but, due to poor Soviet planning and Voroshilov's incompetence as a general, the Red Army suffered about 320,000 casualties compared to 70,000 Finnish casualties. When the leadership gathered at Stalin's
913:
from his election in 1921 until 1961. In April 1921, he was appointed commander of the North
Caucasus military district. In March 1924, he was promoted to the post of commander of the Moscow military district. In 1925, after the death of
1662:
1566:
5079:
4911:
4753:
4605:
4437:
4269:
1095:
reorganization of Red Army field units which accidentally moved Red Army organization to a far less advanced state than it had been in 1936. This reorganization was conceived by Kulik but put into practice by Voroshilov.
774:
In his published autobiography, Voroshilov described a childhood of extreme hardship, working from the age of six or seven, and receiving frequent beatings from wealthy peasants, which left him with a lifelong aversion to
4920:
199:
1403:, where Ekaterina was sent in 1906. While both serving on the Tsaritsyn Front in 1918, where Ekaterina was helping orphans, they adopted a four-year-old orphan boy who they named Petya. They also adopted the children of
1667:
1522:
3996:
3733:
575:
211:
207:
869:, the People's Commissar for War, who considered him undisciplined and unfit to command an army, and in October 1918 threatened him with court martial. Voroshilov was transferred to Ukraine, as commander of the
950:, Stalin), but Stalin preferred to have a close, personal ally in charge (as opposed to Frunze, a "Zinovievite"). Frunze was urged by a group of Stalin's hand-picked doctors to have surgery to treat an old
1516:
1307:
One of Voroshilov's responsibilities as chairman of the Presidium was to oversee the appeal review of Soviet death row inmates. Analysis by Jeffrey S. Hardy and Yana Skorobogatov describe his role thus:
4904:
4746:
4598:
4430:
4262:
1399:, born Golda Gorbman, a Ukrainian Jew from Mardarovka. She changed her name when she converted to Orthodox Christianity in order to be allowed to marry Voroshilov. They met while both were exiled in
3112:
1018:, who would serve with distinction during the Second World War, and Sokolov-Strakhov, and he was sometimes successful. But on 30 May, he telephoned the commander of the Ukraine military district,
3989:
3726:
1148:
said it was the only time he ever witnessed such an outburst. Voroshilov was nonetheless made the scapegoat for the initial failures in Finland. He was later replaced as Defense Commissar by
5065:
4897:
4739:
4591:
4423:
4255:
1009:, whom Voroshilov denounced as "renegades". In the early stages, he seemed to have believed that the purge would not affect the armed forces, and was seemingly unprepared for the arrest of
930:, a post he held until 1934. Despite the high offices he held, Voroshilov appears not to have been part in the inner leadership. In November 1930, the chairman of the Russian government,
877:', who opposed the formation of a centralised army, preferring to rely on local mobile units, and objected to the recruitment into the Red Army of former officers from the Tsarist army.
817:, but in December he escaped and moved to Baku, where Stalin was also active. Arrested again in 1908, he was released from exile in 1912, and for a time worked in an ordnance factory in
717:
and the Supreme Soviet turned against him. He peacefully resigned in 1960, although he came out of retirement in 1966 and re-joined the party. Voroshilov died in 1969 at the age of 88.
3982:
3719:
1543:
1480:, two times (No. 10840 β 3 February 1956 (in conjunction with his 75th birthday), No. 47 β 22 February 1968 (in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the Armed Forces of the USSR))
5550:
1561:
1555:
5535:
5525:
3565:
3450:
1371:
During a winter night in 1969, Voroshilov started to feel unwell. His family proposed to call an ambulance immediately, but he adamantly refused. In the morning he put on his
5545:
5540:
5530:
5520:
1774:. (This volume contains a translation of a biographical essay by Voroshilov, written for a Soviet encyclopaedia around 1926) London: George Allen & Unwin. p. 281.
4762:
4278:
2923:
1277:
910:
656:
215:
203:
5590:
2543:
1549:
4005:
3742:
223:
219:
1498:, six times (No. 47 β 26 June 1919, No. 629 β 2 April 1921, No. 27 β 3β2 December 1925, No. 5 β 4β22 February 1930, No. 1 β 5β3 November 1944, No. 1β24 June 1948)
5385:
3166:
3100:
752:). His father, a former soldier, was employed at different times as a railway worker or miner, and went through periods of unemployment. According to the Soviet
5635:
2665:
1063:
that they would not face retribution from authorities. Voroshilov personally signed 185 documented execution lists, fourth among the Soviet leadership after
1647:
1267:
664:
226:
5630:
3630:
3585:
3443:
3079:
5505:
5329:
5199:
3635:
3590:
954:, despite previous doctors' recommendations to avoid surgery and Frunze's own unwillingness. He died on the operating table of a massive overdose of
1375:, and after calling a car, he went to the hospital himself, fully decorated. Voroshilov died on 2 December, at the age of 88, and was buried in the
3615:
3600:
3555:
2916:
2135:
1708:
5640:
4394:
3459:
2139:
1657:
780:
1343:
After Khrushchev removed most of the Stalinists like Molotov and Malenkov from the party, Voroshilov's career began to fade. On 7 May 1960, the
5610:
2131:
1946:
1652:
1538:
1809:
786:
In 1896, he started work in a factory near his home village, where he led a strike in 1899. In 1903, he enrolled in a German owned factory in
5515:
5510:
3436:
2439:
5057:
1210:
on 8 September 1941. Stalin had a political need for popular wartime leaders, however, and Voroshilov remained as an important figurehead.
394:
294:
5500:
3570:
2909:
1528:
75:
2932:
2658:
2584:
1590:
710:
637:
90:
1750:
5625:
3480:
1672:
1533:
5600:
5595:
3072:
1190:
in June 1941, Voroshilov became commander of the short-lived Northwestern Direction (July to August 1941), controlling several
803:
5585:
5375:
2651:
2497:
1874:
Brown, Stephen. "Communists and the Red Cavalry: The Political Education of the Konarmiia in the Russian Civil War, 1918β20"
326:
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2556:
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political post. Voroshilov was again re-elected to the Central Committee in 1966. Voroshilov was awarded a second medal of
885:
5620:
5615:
3656:
3644:
3538:
3526:
3492:
2612:
1441:, used in World War II, was named after him. Two towns were also named after him: Voroshilovsk in Donbas (now Alchevsk)
1289:
1086:
When the Great Purge ended, some reforms were undertaken by the high command to reconcile Red Army doctrine (for example
331:
3974:
3711:
1023:
many and such scoundrels in the ranks fo the highest command of our glorious, our valiant Workers' and Peasants' Army."
3428:
3348:
3088:
1997:
1969:
1620:
1607:
1602:
1344:
919:
660:
142:
17:
1239:
in leadership positions, arguing that it was "detrimental to the party that its leaders are not of Hungarian origin".
1159:
5605:
3065:
2739:
2332:
2196:
2107:
2047:
2022:
1859:
1779:
625:
813:
In spring 1907, he travelled to London for the Fifth RSDLP Congress. On his return, he was arrested and deported to
471:
5370:
1281:
1224:
633:
4090:
2280:
2240:
1466:
934:
alleged that a "tiny group", which excluded Voroshilov but included nominally much less senior figures such as
923:
759:, Voroshilov himself alluded to the heritage of his birth-country (Ukraine) and to the previous family name of
702:
4130:
4060:
4020:
3923:
3027:
1572:
1285:
31:
5087:
1424:
least at private ones. But he came by himself. Stalin frowned. Under Khrushchev, Voroshilov behaved badly."
1318:
810:. In Stockholm, he shared a room with the delegate from Georgia, Josif Dzhugashvili, later known as Stalin.
5380:
3817:
1795:
1355:
Following Khrushchev's fall from power, Soviet leader Brezhnev brought Voroshilov out of retirement into a
1180:
1031:
873:
military district, and later People's Commissar for War in the Ukraine soviet republic. He sided with the '
846:
613:
531:
865:, Voroshilov was political commissar with Budienny's First Cavalry. In Tsaritsyn, Voroshilov clashed with
829:
5021:
4878:
4833:
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4700:
4684:
4461:
4293:
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514:
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1918:
The Origin of the Communist Autocracy, Political Opposition in the Soviet State: First Phase, 1917β1922
795:
733:
274:
1637:, November 1933; in Δ°zmir a street was also named after him. In 1951, it was renamed "Plevne BulvarΔ±".
5580:
2397:
1689:
1232:
594:
5476:
Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5471:
Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5466:
Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5461:
Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5456:
Members of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5451:
Members of the Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3398:
2870:
2830:
1483:
1477:
1360:
1043:
475:
357:
352:
766:
5446:
Members of the Central Committee of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5441:
Members of the Central Committee of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5436:
Members of the Central Committee of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5390:
4226:
4105:
2885:
2435:
1677:
1495:
1438:
1376:
691:
366:
305:
5491:
Members of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
5486:
Members of the Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
5481:
Members of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1111:
893:, brought to Moscow by French communists. On the photo: Kliment Voroshilov first on the right,
2755:
2526:
2445:"Forgotten Leaders. Episode 2. Kliment Voroshilov. Documentary. English Subtitles. StarMediaEN"
2357:
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2235:. House, Jonathan M. (Jonathan Mallory), 1950β. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas.
1015:
845:, but returned to Luhansk, where he was chairman of the town soviet, and was elected to the
5571:
Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
5561:
Second convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
5496:
Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) members
5421:
Members of the Politburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5416:
Members of the Politburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5411:
Members of the Politburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5406:
Members of the Politburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5401:
Members of the Politburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5365:
5360:
3898:
3857:
3414:
3309:
3288:
3057:
2998:
2730:
2690:
1747:
1256:
1187:
1047:
1010:
687:
536:
5566:
Third convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
5556:
First convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
2509:
1744:"Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬Π ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ’ΠΠ’Π¬ Π’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ ΠΠ Π«Π‘..." (In the underground one may find only rats...)
8:
5396:
Members of the Orgburo of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5247:
5203:
5141:
5041:
4679:
4501:
4384:
4348:
4075:
4065:
4004:
3903:
3847:
3842:
3741:
2630:
1596:
1191:
1164:
874:
854:
842:
652:
497:
5431:
Members of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
5426:
Members of the Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3458:
1663:
Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization
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1940:
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Official Soviet visit by Kliment Voroshilov to China, 1957: Photo with Chairman Mao
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2018:
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683:
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492:
191:
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1746:. Institute "Open society" - Cooperation and Association Fund "Liberty Road". 1981 (
1668:
Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s
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Order of the Red Banner of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (17 February 1930)
1489:
1454:
1380:
1348:
1293:
1195:
1039:
1035:
935:
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858:
655:, during which he became a close friend of Stalin. Voroshilov was elected to the
479:
135:
2040:
The Road to Terror, Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932β1939
1300:. Voroshilov, Malenkov, and Khrushchev brought about the 26 June 1953 arrest of
663:(later People's Commissar for Defence). In 1926, he became a full member of the
5316:
5185:
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1810:"ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎ... Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ?"
1442:
1404:
1301:
1236:
1199:
1153:
1141:
1087:
915:
857:. They also sponsored the creation of the first Red Cavalry unit, commanded by
745:
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361:
316:
179:
2444:
5354:
5237:
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4674:
4506:
4328:
4206:
4196:
4171:
4115:
3893:
3827:
3511:
3366:
3327:
3272:
3254:
3215:
3192:
2992:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2413:
2117:
1207:
1120:
1091:
998:
986:
898:
890:
753:
648:
629:
432:
421:
5089:
3rd Politburo and 3rd Orgburo of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
2250:
1567:
Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941β1945"
5031:
4975:
4960:
4843:
4802:
4669:
4644:
4562:
4481:
4181:
3689:
3669:
3406:
3128:
3092:
2936:
2890:
1384:
1100:
1071:. He had no problem denouncing officers he disliked such as Tukhachevsky.
1006:
951:
927:
866:
671:
521:
408:
270:
163:
2204:
2097:
1247:
861:, which was composed chiefly of peasants from southern Russia. During the
790:(which was renamed Vorshilov during the Stalin era). There, he joined the
643:
Born to a Russian worker's family in Ukraine, Voroshilov took part in the
5046:
5001:
4873:
4868:
4720:
4552:
4516:
4211:
3837:
2230:
1523:
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941β1945"
1400:
1327:
1059:
1051:
947:
436:
332:
Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)/Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3625:
2745:
1356:
1323:
1136:
1019:
955:
807:
791:
741:
679:
526:
35:
2354:
Stalin's Folly: The Tragic First Ten Days of WWII on the Eastern Front
1223:
Between 1945 and 1947, Voroshilov supervised the establishment of the
958:, an anaesthetic. Voroshilov became a full member of the newly formed
624:, the second highest military rank of the Soviet Union (junior to the
1470:
1458:
1407:
following his death in 1925. During Stalin's rule, they lived in the
1078:
1050:(November 1935). Only Voroshilov and Budyonny would survive Stalin's
959:
838:
818:
806:(RSDLP), using the provocative pseudonym 'Volodya Antimekov' or Anti-
799:
617:
1510:
Order of the Red Banner of the Tajik SSR (No. 148 β 14 January 1933)
850:
425:
91:
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
1772:
Makers of the Russian Revolution, Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders
1634:
1235:
in the October 1945 Budapest municipal elections to the number of
2449:
1446:
1408:
1228:
870:
787:
749:
726:
706:
675:
43:
1990:
The Soviet High Command: a Military-political History, 1918β1941
3463:
1517:
Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
1462:
1280:. On 15 March 1953, Voroshilov was approved as Chairman of the
1260:
1026:
667:. In 1935, Voroshilov was named a Marshal of the Soviet Union.
2176:
776:
729:
709:. Following Stalin's death in 1953, Voroshilov was appointed
612:; 4 February 1881 β 2 December 1969), was a prominent Soviet
4921:
14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
4763:
15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
4615:
16th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
4447:
17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
4279:
18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3087:
1379:, in one of the twelve individual tombs located between the
3472:
1544:
Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow"
938:, was making decisions "behind the back of the Politburo".
698:
and was again relieved from his command in September 1941.
2635:
2298:
Between Giants: The Battle for The Baltics in World War II
4006:
19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3743:
20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1962:
The Home Fronts: Allied and Axis Life During World War II
701:
After the war, Voroshilov oversaw the establishment of a
674:, Voroshilov was held responsible for Soviet failures in
2391:
2389:
2387:
1562:
Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
1556:
Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
1352:
he was excluded from election to the Central Committee.
1347:
granted Voroshilov's request for retirement and elected
599:
5551:
Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
2931:
2095:
1179:
Between 1941 and 1944, Voroshilov was a member of the
5536:
Fourth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
5526:
Second convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
2384:
2379:
Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944β56.
2157:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. pp. 303β04.
2013:
R.W.Davies, Oleg V. Khlevniuk and E..A. Rees (2003).
1891:, New York: G.P. Putnam (1945), footnote, p. 21.
725:
Voroshilov was born in the settlement of Verkhnyeye,
5546:
Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
5541:
Fifth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
5531:
Third convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
5521:
First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
2232:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
1648:
Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
1550:
Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy"
1284:(i.e., the head of state) with Nikita Khrushchev as
1268:
Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1837:
Three Who Made a Revolution, A Biographical History
824:
690:in June 1941, he was recalled and appointed to the
5591:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
1724:(in Russian). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ (Heroes of the Country)
1266:In 1952, Voroshilov was appointed a member of the
770:Kliment Voroshilov with his teacher Semyon Ryzhkov
143:People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union
27:Soviet military officer and politician (1881β1969)
2395:
1839:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. p. 390.
1058:After that, he played a central role in Stalin's
5352:
2673:
2544:Collection of Soviet songs about Klim Voroshilov
2228:
2186:, New York: G.P. Putnam (1945), footnote, p. 21.
2170:Transcripts from the Soviet Archives, Volume III
1513:Order of the Red Banner ZSFSR (25 February 1933)
920:People's Commissar for Military and Navy Affairs
661:People's Commissar for Military and Navy Affairs
2585:Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1658:Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union
1445:in Ukraine (now changed back to the historical
711:Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
5386:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
2396:Hardy, Jeffrey S.; Skorobogatov, Yana (2018).
1920:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. p. 244.
1903:Stalin, Volume Two: The Revolutionary in Power
1770:Georges Haupt, and Jean-Jacques Marie (1974).
1653:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
1276:on 5 March 1953 prompted major changes in the
1242:
1135:Voroshilov commanded Soviet troops during the
5636:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 1st class
5073:
4905:
4747:
4599:
4431:
4263:
3990:
3727:
3444:
3073:
2917:
2659:
2015:The Stalin-Kaganovich Correspondence, 1931β36
1769:
2549:Newspaper clippings about Kliment Voroshilov
2037:
2134:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1854:. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 86.
1473:was called Voroshilovsk from 1935 to 1943.
713:. His fortunes declined during the rise of
5080:
5066:
4912:
4898:
4754:
4740:
4606:
4592:
4438:
4424:
4270:
4256:
3997:
3983:
3734:
3720:
3451:
3437:
3080:
3066:
2924:
2910:
2666:
2652:
2490:Molotov Remembers: Inside Kremlin Politics
2138:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2130:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2012:
1945:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
794:, and acted as a strike leader during the
659:in 1921, and in 1925 Stalin appointed him
74:
5631:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
2270:
1930:
1202:as German advances threatened to cut off
682:and was replaced as Defense Commissar by
5506:Ministers of defence of the Soviet Union
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2152:
2042:. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. 375β77.
2038:J.Arch Getty, and Oleg V.Naumov (1999).
1987:
1983:
1981:
1915:
1504:, 1st class (No. 125 β 22 February 1944)
1317:
1246:
1231:. He attributed the poor showing of the
1158:
1110:
1077:
1025:
980:
962:in 1926, remaining a member until 1960.
884:
828:
765:
657:Central Committee of the Communist Party
2273:Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion
2167:
1900:
1765:
1763:
1591:Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic
1539:Medal "For the Defence of the Caucasus"
1439:Kliment Voroshilov (KV) series of tanks
1414:His personality as it was described by
1198:. Working alongside military commander
694:. Voroshilov failed to stop the German
14:
5641:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
5353:
3481:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
2636:Articles related to Kliment Voroshilov
2295:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
1959:
1953:
1849:
804:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
239:1 January 1926 β 16 July 1960
5611:Commissioners of the Leningrad Police
5061:
4893:
4735:
4587:
4419:
4251:
3978:
3715:
3432:
3061:
2905:
2647:
2634:
2257:
2224:
2222:
2099:The Red Army and the Second World War
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1978:
1876:The Slavonic and East European Review
1834:
1673:Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929β1941
1427:
1194:. In September 1941 he commanded the
993:(left) in 1937 during the Great Purge
969:(Minister) for Defence in 1934 and a
909:Voroshilov served as a member of the
155:6 November 1925 β 7 May 1940
5516:Russian Constituent Assembly members
5511:Soviet interior ministers of Ukraine
2300:. United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.
2017:. New Haven: Yale U.P. p. 339.
1878:, Vol. 73, No. 1 (Jan. 1995), p. 88.
1760:
1684:Stalin and Voroshilov in the Kremlin
1529:Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"
651:. He served with distinction at the
3645:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
3527:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1814:Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅
1188:German invasion of the Soviet Union
103:15 March 1953 β 7 May 1960
24:
5501:Heads of state of the Soviet Union
2289:
2219:
2056:
1960:Darman, Peter (16 December 2012).
1852:Stalin As Revolutionary, 1879β1929
1621:Order of the White Rose of Finland
1345:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
1338:
976:
880:
620:. He was one of the original five
25:
5652:
3460:People's commissars and ministers
2537:
2325:Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
1579:
1534:Medal "For the Defence of Moscow"
1171:while the British Prime Minister
798:. In April 1906, he travelled to
632:), and served as Chairman of the
626:Generalissimo of the Soviet Union
5626:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
3655:
3537:
3491:
3206:People's Commissars for the Navy
3156:
2168:M. Svitlana, and Ahmet Erdogan.
1933:Π‘ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎ Π² 30-Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
1390:
825:Russian Revolution and Civil War
628:, which was a post only held by
472:North Caucasus Military District
456:
431:
420:
401:
387:
3167:People's Commissars for Defence
2519:
2502:
2482:
2473:
2457:
2428:
2371:
2362:
2356:, Constantine Pleshakov, 2006,
2347:
2338:
2317:
2304:
2189:
2161:
2146:
2096:Hill, Alexander, 1974- (2017).
2031:
2006:
1964:. Rosen Classroom. p. 26.
1924:
1909:
1894:
1432:
1282:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1115:Voroshilov with Joseph Stalin,
1106:
802:for the Fourth Congress of the
634:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
5601:Russian people of World War II
1905:. London: Panther. p. 74.
1881:
1868:
1843:
1828:
1802:
1736:
1714:
1702:
924:Revolutionary Military Council
649:early member of the Bolsheviks
601:Klyment Okhrimovych Voroshylov
561:Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov
257:Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov
13:
1:
5596:Soviet people of World War II
3264:Ministers of the Armed Forces
2613:People's Commissar of Defense
2381:London: Penguin, 2013, p.222.
2323:Sebag Montefiore, Simon 2004
2102:. Cambridge, United Kingdom.
1931:Khlevniuk, Oleg, ed. (1995).
1722:"ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ"
1695:
1573:Honorary Revolutionary Weapon
720:
32:Eastern Slavic naming customs
5586:Marshals of the Soviet Union
5376:People from Bakhmutsky Uyezd
2675:Marshals of the Soviet Union
2172:. Academia.edu. p. 164.
1032:Marshals of the Soviet Union
622:Marshals of the Soviet Union
7:
2553:20th Century Press Archives
2398:"'We Can't Shoot Everyone'"
1686:," a famous Soviet painting
1641:
1584:
1298:Premier of the Soviet Union
1243:1952β1953 Soviet leadership
1213:
1034:, clockwise from top left:
971:Marshal of the Soviet Union
918:, Voroshilov was appointed
905:fifth from the right. 1924
841:(St Petersburg) during the
600:
590:ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΡ
ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²
569:ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²
462:Marshal of the Soviet Union
10:
5657:
5621:Heroes of Socialist Labour
5616:Heroes of the Soviet Union
3244:People's Commissar for the
3103:Military and Naval Affairs
2470:Retrieved 23 October 2009.
1992:. Routledge. p. 199.
1935:. Moscow. pp. 99β106.
1916:Schapiro, Leonard (1965).
1850:Tucker, Robert C. (1974).
1835:Wolfe, Bertram D. (1966).
1613:
1395:Voroshilov was married to
1335:conscience, then or now?"
1218:
901:fourth from the right and
734:Yekaterinoslav Governorate
616:and politician during the
275:Yekaterinoslav Governorate
30:In this name that follows
29:
5303:
5275:
5230:
5221:
5164:
5105:
5096:
4989:
4928:
4826:
4770:
4693:
4622:
4525:
4454:
4367:
4286:
4154:
4013:
3881:
3750:
3702:
3643:
3525:
3479:
3470:
3347:
3318:
3300:
3263:
3243:
3204:
3165:
3154:
3099:
3020:
2943:
2681:
2641:
2619:
2610:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2275:. ABC-CLIO. p. 307.
2271:Rappaport, Helen (1999).
2229:Glantz, David M. (1995).
2153:Conquest, Robert (1971).
1690:List of mayors of Luhansk
1627:
1233:Hungarian Communist Party
965:Voroshilov was appointed
696:encirclement of Leningrad
609:
589:
568:
554:
485:
467:
452:
444:
416:
382:
377:
348:
338:
322:
312:
301:
281:
252:
247:
243:
232:
197:
185:
173:
159:
148:
141:
129:
117:
107:
96:
89:
85:
73:
64:
57:
5606:Great Purge perpetrators
2414:10.4000/monderusse.10532
1794:: CS1 maint: location (
1486:(No. 10268 β 7 May 1960)
1484:Hero of Socialist Labour
1478:Hero of the Soviet Union
1366:
1361:Hero of the Soviet Union
1088:deep operations doctrine
997:During the first of the
985:Voroshilov (right) with
889:The red banner from the
821:(Stalingrad/Volgagrad).
476:Moscow Military District
358:Hero of Socialist Labour
353:Hero of the Soviet Union
65:
5154:added in May, secretary
4227:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
4106:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
3101:People's Commissars for
2368:Montefiore, pp. 391β95.
2344:Montefiore, pp. 337β39.
1988:Erickson, John (2013).
1678:Voroshilov Sharpshooter
1608:Order of the Polar Star
1603:Order of the Red Banner
1496:Order of the Red Banner
1465:river), as well as the
1377:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
1330:in Beijing, China, 1957
1181:State Defense Committee
692:State Defense Committee
367:Order of the Red Banner
306:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
5371:People from Lysychansk
2402:Cahiers du Monde Russe
2314:, London, 1971, p.137.
1901:Trotsky, Leon (1969).
1331:
1304:after Stalin's death.
1263:
1176:
1132:
1131:in Iran, December 1943
1083:
1055:
994:
906:
897:third from the right,
834:
771:
604:), popularly known as
334:(1918β1961, 1966β1969)
108:General Secretary
5283:Vladimir Mescheryakov
5123:Vladimir Mescheryakov
4502:Grigory Ordzhonikidze
4395:Alexander Shcherbakov
3319:Ministers of the Navy
2488:Chuev, Felix (1993),
2479:Montefiore, pp. 9β10.
2296:Buttar, Prit (2015).
1467:General Staff Academy
1411:at the Horse Guards.
1397:Ekaterina Voroshilova
1321:
1250:
1169:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1163:Voroshilov shows the
1162:
1114:
1081:
1029:
984:
888:
832:
769:
640:, from 1953 to 1960.
445:Years of service
3899:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
3858:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
3484:People's Secretaries
3415:Yevgeny Shaposhnikov
3349:Ministers of Defence
3310:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
3289:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
3089:Ministers of Defence
2587:of the Soviet Union
2312:Khrushchev Remembers
2182:Barmine, Alexander,
1887:Barmine, Alexander,
1753:10 June 2012 at the
1633:Honorary citizen of
1011:Marshal Tukhachevsky
922:and Chairman of the
855:defense of Tsaritsyn
847:Constituent Assembly
638:Soviet head of state
537:Operation Barbarossa
515:Sino-Soviet conflict
5381:Russians in Ukraine
5248:Khristian Rakovskiy
5204:Yuriy Kotsiubynskyi
5142:Khristian Rakovskiy
5042:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
4680:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
4385:Nikolai Voznesensky
4349:Nikolai Voznesensky
4076:Vyacheslav Malyshev
3904:Yekaterina Furtseva
3848:Yekaterina Furtseva
3530:People's Commissars
3462:of interior of the
3021:Vice heads of state
2464:Larissa Vasilieva,
2310:Khrushchev, Nikita
2207:on 12 February 2021
2197:"Π‘ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ"
1619:Grand Cross of the
1597:Order of Sukhbaatar
1546:(21 September 1947)
1175:and Stalin look on.
1165:Sword of Stalingrad
875:Military Opposition
843:February Revolution
670:At the outbreak of
653:Battle of Tsaritsyn
498:Battle of Tsaritsyn
343:Ekaterina Davidovna
198:Full member of the
5288:relieved in August
5267:Kliment Voroshilov
4956:Vyacheslav Molotov
4941:Kliment Voroshilov
4798:Vyacheslav Molotov
4793:Valerian Kuybyshev
4783:Kliment Voroshilov
4660:Vyacheslav Molotov
4655:Valerian Kuybyshev
4630:Kliment Voroshilov
4497:Vyacheslav Molotov
4492:Valerian Kuybyshev
4467:Kliment Voroshilov
4324:Vyacheslav Molotov
4299:Kliment Voroshilov
4217:Mir Jafar Baghirov
4192:Nikolai Patolichev
4096:Vyacheslav Molotov
4056:Demyan Korotchenko
4041:Kliment Voroshilov
3929:Demyan Korotchenko
3788:Vyacheslav Molotov
3763:Kliment Voroshilov
3611:Aleksandr Uspensky
3561:Christian Rakovsky
3517:Yuriy Kotsiubynsky
3177:Kliment Voroshilov
3145:Kliment Voroshilov
2570:Political offices
1742:Pyotr Grigorenko.
1558:(17 February 1958)
1552:(22 February 1948)
1519:(22 February 1938)
1428:Honours and awards
1332:
1264:
1225:socialist republic
1177:
1133:
1117:Vyacheslav Molotov
1084:
1082:Voroshilov in 1937
1056:
995:
991:Vyacheslav Molotov
967:People's Commissar
907:
837:Voroshilov was in
835:
833:Voroshilov in 1920
772:
645:Russian Revolution
542:Siege of Leningrad
327:RSDLP (Bolsheviks)
168:Vyacheslav Molotov
80:Voroshilov in 1961
59:Kliment Voroshilov
18:Klement Voroshilov
5576:Anti-revisionists
5348:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5276:Candidate members
5217:
5216:
5055:
5054:
5007:Grigory Petrovsky
4997:Felix Dzerzhinsky
4990:Candidate members
4887:
4886:
4859:Grigory Petrovsky
4827:Candidate members
4729:
4728:
4711:Grigory Petrovsky
4694:Candidate members
4581:
4580:
4573:Nikita Khrushchev
4538:Grigory Petrovsky
4526:Candidate members
4413:
4412:
4368:Candidate members
4334:Nikita Khrushchev
4245:
4244:
4237:Alexei Kirichenko
4202:Alexander Puzanov
4155:Candidate members
4146:Alexei Kirichenko
4141:Matvei Shkiryatov
4126:Nikita Khrushchev
4101:Mikhail Pervukhin
4091:Nikolai Mikhailov
3972:
3971:
3949:Mikhail Pervukhin
3944:Vasil Mzhavanadze
3919:JΔnis KalnbΔrziΕΕ‘
3882:Candidate members
3808:Nikita Khrushchev
3793:Mikhail Pervukhin
3773:Alexei Kirichenko
3709:
3708:
3695:Andriy Vasylyshyn
3596:Vsevolod Balitsky
3507:Yevhen Neronovych
3426:
3425:
3375:Rodion Malinovsky
3336:Nikolai Kuznetsov
3232:Nikolai Kuznetsov
3224:Mikhail Frinovsky
3185:Semyon Timoshenko
3121:Nikolai Podvoisky
3055:
3054:
2899:
2898:
2629:
2628:
2623:Semyon Timoshenko
2620:Succeeded by
2593:Succeeded by
2498:978-1-56663-027-6
2377:Applebaum, Anne.
2327:, Phoenix London
1748:Cover of the book
1278:Soviet leadership
1173:Winston Churchill
1150:Semyon Timoshenko
1146:Nikita Khrushchev
1142:dacha at Kuntsevo
1129:Tehran Conference
1046:, Voroshilov and
911:Central Committee
863:PolishβSoviet War
715:Nikita Khrushchev
684:Semyon Timoshenko
598:
558:
557:
510:Chinese Civil War
505:PolishβSoviet War
493:Russian Civil War
192:Semyon Timoshenko
112:Nikita Khrushchev
67:ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²
16:(Redirected from
5648:
5581:Anti-Party Group
5324:
5323:acting secretary
5311:Stanislav Kosior
5295:Georgiy Pyatakov
5289:
5261:
5254:Stanislav Kosior
5228:
5227:
5209:
5195:
5190:Stanislav Kosior
5181:
5172:Georgiy Pyatakov
5155:
5148:Stanislav Kosior
5136:
5129:Georgiy Pyatakov
5103:
5102:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5027:Lazar Kaganovich
4946:Grigory Zinoviev
4936:Nikolai Bukharin
4914:
4907:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4849:Stanislav Kosior
4839:Lazar Kaganovich
4778:Nikolai Bukharin
4756:
4749:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4650:Stanislav Kosior
4635:Lazar Kaganovich
4608:
4601:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4487:Stanislav Kosior
4472:Lazar Kaganovich
4440:
4433:
4426:
4417:
4416:
4400:Nikolai Bulganin
4380:Nikolai Shvernik
4354:Nikolai Bulganin
4309:Lazar Kaganovich
4272:
4265:
4258:
4249:
4248:
4232:Nikolai Shvernik
4167:Andrey Vyshinsky
4136:Nikolai Shvernik
4131:Dmitry Chesnokov
4061:Vasili Kuznetsov
4051:Lazar Kaganovich
4036:Nikolai Bulganin
4021:Vasily Andrianov
3999:
3992:
3985:
3976:
3975:
3964:Dmitry Polyansky
3959:Nikolai Podgorny
3924:Andrei Kirilenko
3909:Nikolai Shvernik
3873:Dmitry Polyansky
3868:Nikolai Podgorny
3853:Nikolai Shvernik
3768:Lazar Kaganovich
3758:Nikolai Bulganin
3736:
3729:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3685:Ivan Holovchenko
3675:Timofei Strokach
3665:Timofei Strokach
3660:
3659:
3631:Vasyl Serhiyenko
3606:Israel Leplevsky
3586:Ivan Nikolayenko
3566:Vladimir Antonov
3542:
3541:
3496:
3495:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3359:Nikolai Bulganin
3340:
3332:
3293:
3285:
3281:Nikolai Bulganin
3277:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3058:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2603:Preceded by
2578:Nikolay Shvernik
2575:Preceded by
2567:
2566:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2500:
2492:, van R Dee Inc
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2393:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2203:. Archived from
2193:
2187:
2184:One Who Survived
2180:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2155:The Great Terror
2150:
2144:
2143:
2129:
2121:
2093:
2054:
2053:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1889:One Who Survived
1885:
1879:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1767:
1758:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1502:Order of Suvorov
1373:military uniform
1322:Voroshilov with
1167:to US President
1003:Nikolai Bukharin
944:Grigory Zinoviev
895:Grigory Zinoviev
757:Petro Grigorenko
703:socialist regime
686:. Following the
614:military officer
611:
603:
593:
591:
583:
582:
581:
580:
578:
570:
460:
435:
424:
407:
405:
404:
393:
391:
390:
378:Military service
372:Order of Suvorov
291:
289:
277:, Russian Empire
266:
264:
248:Personal details
237:
188:
176:
153:
132:
124:Nikolay Shvernik
120:
101:
78:
68:
55:
54:
21:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5343:
5334:
5330:Taras Kharechko
5322:
5299:
5287:
5271:
5259:
5243:Emanuel Kwiring
5223:
5213:
5207:
5200:Taras Kharechko
5193:
5179:
5176:Emanuel Kwiring
5160:
5153:
5134:
5118:Emanuel Kwiring
5098:
5092:
5086:
5056:
5051:
5037:Anastas Mikoyan
5022:Andrey Andreyev
5017:Nikolai Uglanov
5012:JΔnis Rudzutaks
4985:
4981:JΔnis Rudzutaks
4951:Mikhail Kalinin
4924:
4918:
4888:
4883:
4864:Nikolai Uglanov
4854:Anastas Mikoyan
4834:Andrey Andreyev
4822:
4808:JΔnis Rudzutaks
4788:Mikhail Kalinin
4766:
4760:
4730:
4725:
4706:Anastas Mikoyan
4701:Andrey Andreyev
4689:
4685:Andrey Andreyev
4665:JΔnis Rudzutaks
4640:Mikhail Kalinin
4618:
4612:
4582:
4577:
4548:JΔnis Rudzutaks
4543:Pavel Postyshev
4533:Anastas Mikoyan
4521:
4512:Anastas Mikoyan
4477:Mikhail Kalinin
4462:Andrey Andreyev
4450:
4444:
4414:
4409:
4390:Georgy Malenkov
4375:Lavrentiy Beria
4363:
4344:Georgy Malenkov
4339:Lavrentiy Beria
4319:Anastas Mikoyan
4314:Mikhail Kalinin
4294:Andrey Andreyev
4282:
4276:
4246:
4241:
4222:Leonid Melnikov
4177:Nikolai Ignatov
4162:Leonid Brezhnev
4150:
4086:Anastas Mikoyan
4081:Leonid Melnikov
4071:Georgy Malenkov
4046:Semyon Ignatyev
4031:Lavrentiy Beria
4009:
4003:
3973:
3968:
3914:Dmitri Shepilov
3889:Leonid Brezhnev
3877:
3833:Nikolai Ignatov
3823:Leonid Brezhnev
3818:Nikolai Belyaev
3783:Anastas Mikoyan
3778:Georgy Malenkov
3746:
3740:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3680:Aleksei Brovkin
3662:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3636:Vasiliy Ryasnoi
3591:Sergei Buzdalin
3581:Vasiliy Mantsev
3576:Mykola Skrypnyk
3544:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3521:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3351:
3343:
3338:
3330:
3320:
3314:
3302:
3301:Minister of War
3296:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3265:
3259:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3208:
3200:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3105:
3102:
3095:
3086:
3056:
3051:
3016:
2939:
2930:
2900:
2895:
2677:
2672:
2637:
2625:
2616:
2608:
2598:
2596:Leonid Brezhnev
2589:
2580:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2462:
2458:
2443:
2440:Wayback Machine
2433:
2429:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2269:
2258:
2243:
2227:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2166:
2162:
2151:
2147:
2123:
2122:
2110:
2094:
2057:
2050:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1958:
1954:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1914:
1910:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1848:
1844:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1768:
1761:
1755:Wayback Machine
1741:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1711:23 January 1881
1707:
1703:
1698:
1644:
1630:
1616:
1587:
1582:
1455:Soviet Far East
1435:
1430:
1393:
1381:Lenin Mausoleum
1369:
1349:Leonid Brezhnev
1341:
1339:Fall from grace
1294:Georgy Malenkov
1290:Communist Party
1286:First Secretary
1245:
1221:
1216:
1196:Leningrad Front
1125:George Marshall
1109:
1030:The first five
979:
977:The Great Purge
936:Pavel Postyshev
903:Nikolay Antipov
883:
881:Interwar period
859:Semyon Budyonny
827:
796:1905 revolution
723:
688:German invasion
606:Klim Voroshilov
576:
573:
572:
571:
550:
480:Leningrad Front
478:
474:
439:
430:
428:
411:
402:
400:
399:
397:
388:
386:
370:
365:
360:
356:
330:
323:Political party
292:
287:
286:2 December 1969
285:
268:
267:4 February 1881
262:
260:
259:
258:
238:
233:
186:
174:
166:
154:
149:
136:Leonid Brezhnev
130:
118:
102:
97:
81:
69:
66:
60:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5654:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5391:Old Bolsheviks
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5317:Rafail Farbman
5313:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5197:
5194:added in April
5186:Pinkhus Rovner
5183:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5100:
5097:March β August
5094:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5062:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4971:Mikhail Tomsky
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4917:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4894:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4879:Sergei Syrtsov
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4818:Mikhail Tomsky
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4716:Sergei Syrtsov
4713:
4708:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4568:Nikolai Yezhov
4565:
4560:
4558:Andrei Zhdanov
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4443:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4405:Alexei Kosygin
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4359:Alexei Kosygin
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4304:Andrei Zhdanov
4301:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4187:Alexei Kosygin
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4121:Mikhail Suslov
4118:
4113:
4111:Maksim Saburov
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4026:Averky Aristov
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3979:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3954:Pyotr Pospelov
3951:
3946:
3941:
3939:Kirill Mazurov
3936:
3934:Alexei Kosygin
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3863:Alexei Kosygin
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Averky Aristov
3810:
3805:
3803:Mikhail Suslov
3800:
3798:Maksim Saburov
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3704:denotes acting
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3621:Amayak Kobulov
3618:
3616:Vasiliy Osokin
3613:
3608:
3603:
3601:Vasiliy Ivanov
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3556:Hryhoriy Kolos
3553:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:Yevgenia Bosch
3489:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3399:Sergei Sokolov
3396:
3391:Dmitry Ustinov
3388:
3383:Andrei Grechko
3380:
3372:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3333:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3212:
3210:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3137:Mikhail Frunze
3134:
3126:
3118:
3109:
3107:
3097:
3096:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2947:
2945:
2944:Heads of state
2941:
2940:
2933:Heads of state
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2897:
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1421:in this period
1405:Mikhail Frunze
1392:
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1274:Stalin's death
1257:J.K. Paasikivi
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1154:Katyn massacre
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916:Mikhail Frunze
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781:Semyon Ryzhkov
746:Luhansk Oblast
738:Russian Empire
722:
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647:of 1917 as an
636:, the nominal
610:ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²
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5222:August 1919 β
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4197:Nikolai Pegov
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4172:Arseny Zverev
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4116:Joseph Stalin
4114:
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3828:Georgy Zhukov
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3367:Georgy Zhukov
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3329:
3328:Ivan Yumashev
3326:
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3273:Joseph Stalin
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3255:Joseph Stalin
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3217:
3216:Pyotr Smirnov
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3191:
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2510:"DSpace Home"
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2466:Kremlin Wives
2460:
2453:. 8 May 2018.
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999:Moscow trials
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989:(center) and
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987:Joseph Stalin
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5231:Full members
5146:
5127:
5106:Full members
5032:Sergei Kirov
4976:Leon Trotsky
4961:Alexei Rykov
4940:
4929:Full members
4844:Sergei Kirov
4803:Alexei Rykov
4782:
4771:Full members
4670:Alexei Rykov
4645:Sergei Kirov
4629:
4623:Full members
4563:Robert Eikhe
4482:Sergei Kirov
4466:
4455:Full members
4298:
4287:Full members
4182:Ivan Kabanov
4040:
4014:Full members
3762:
3751:Full members
3690:Ivan Hladush
3670:Pavlo Meshyk
3550:
3407:Dmitry Yazov
3246:Armed Forces
3176:
3144:
3129:Leon Trotsky
3093:Soviet Union
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2937:Soviet Union
2721:Shaposhnikov
2691:Tukhachevsky
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2205:the original
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1818:. Retrieved
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1726:. Retrieved
1716:
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1575:(1920, 1968)
1436:
1433:Soviet Union
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1385:Kremlin wall
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1107:World War II
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1048:Tukhachevsky
1007:Alexei Rykov
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867:Leon Trotsky
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672:World War II
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559:
522:World War II
486:Battles/wars
429:(1918β1946)
409:Soviet Union
395:Russian SFSR
369:(six times)
329:(1903β1918)
295:Russian SFSR
288:(1969-12-02)
271:Bakhmut Uezd
234:
187:Succeeded by
164:Alexey Rykov
150:
131:Succeeded by
98:
52:
47:
39:
5366:1969 deaths
5361:1881 births
5091:(1919β1920)
5047:Vlas Chubar
5002:Lev Kamenev
4923:(1926β1927)
4874:Karl Bauman
4869:Vlas Chubar
4765:(1927β1930)
4721:Vlas Chubar
4617:(1930β1934)
4553:Vlas Chubar
4517:Vlas Chubar
4449:(1934β1939)
4281:(1939β1952)
4212:Pavel Yudin
4008:(1952β1956)
3838:Frol Kozlov
3745:(1956β1959)
3352:(1953β1992)
3321:(1950β1953)
3303:(1950β1953)
3266:(1946β1950)
3209:(1937β1946)
3170:(1934β1946)
3106:(1917β1934)
3048:(1990β1991)
3042:(1988β1990)
3036:(1986β1988)
3030:(1977β1986)
3013:(1988β1991)
3007:(1985β1988)
3001:(1984β1985)
2995:(1983β1984)
2989:(1977β1982)
2983:(1965β1977)
2977:(1964β1965)
2971:(1960β1964)
2965:(1953β1960)
2959:(1946β1953)
2953:(1922β1946)
2756:Rokossovsky
2527:"As-add.de"
2335:pp. 340β41.
1820:4 September
1469:in Moscow.
1401:Arkhangelsk
1328:Mei Lanfang
1227:in postwar
1060:Great Purge
1052:Great Purge
948:Lev Kamenev
815:Arkhangelsk
678:during the
440:(1946β1961)
437:Soviet Army
412:(1922β1961)
398:(1918β1922)
313:Nationality
269:Verkhneye,
175:Preceded by
119:Preceded by
44:family name
40:Yefremovich
5355:Categories
5224:March 2020
3626:Ivan Serov
3551:Voroshilov
2963:Voroshilov
2876:Akhromeyev
2836:Yakubovsky
2811:Moskalenko
2806:Yeryomenko
2781:Sokolovsky
2761:Malinovsky
2731:Vasilevsky
2711:Timoshenko
2686:Voroshilov
2617:1925β1940
2590:1953β1960
2282:1576070840
2242:070060717X
1696:References
1461:after the
1451:Voroshilov
1357:figurehead
1324:Mao Zedong
1237:minorities
1186:After the
1137:Winter War
1069:Kaganovich
1020:Iona Yakir
956:chloroform
792:Bolsheviks
742:Lysychansk
721:Early life
680:Winter War
618:Stalin-era
608:(Russian:
577:pronounced
527:Winter War
383:Allegiance
263:1881-02-04
227:Presidiums
48:Voroshilov
36:patronymic
5260:secretary
5135:secretary
3648:Ministers
3571:Pavlo Kin
3418:(1991β92)
3410:(1987β91)
3402:(1984β87)
3394:(1976β84)
3386:(1967β76)
3378:(1957β67)
3370:(1955β57)
3362:(1953β55)
3339:(1951β53)
3331:(1950β51)
3292:(1949β50)
3284:(1947β49)
3276:(1946β47)
3235:(1939β46)
3227:(1938β39)
3219:(1937β38)
3196:(1941β46)
3188:(1940β41)
3180:(1934β40)
3148:(1925β34)
3132:(1918β25)
3124:(1917β18)
3028:Kuznetsov
3011:Gorbachev
2999:Chernenko
2881:Kurkotkin
2791:Bagramyan
2771:Meretskov
2766:Tolbukhin
2422:166397822
2126:cite book
2118:944957747
1941:cite book
1790:cite book
1471:Stavropol
1459:Ussuriysk
1204:Leningrad
1156:of 1940.
973:in 1935.
960:Politburo
839:Petrograd
819:Tsaritsyn
808:Menshevik
800:Stockholm
761:Voroshylo
665:Politburo
595:romanized
586:Ukrainian
448:1918β1961
235:In office
151:In office
99:In office
3040:Lukyanov
3034:Demichev
2993:Andropov
2987:Brezhnev
2981:Podgorny
2969:Brezhnev
2957:Shvernik
2851:Brezhnev
2846:Koshevoy
2841:Batitsky
2821:Zakharov
2796:Biryuzov
2786:Bulganin
2706:Blyukher
2696:Budyonny
2438:and the
2251:32859811
1751:Archived
1728:11 March
1642:See also
1585:Mongolia
1383:and the
1214:Post war
1040:Blyukher
1036:Budyonny
853:'s 1918
851:Red Army
744:city in
468:Commands
426:Red Army
308:, Moscow
293:Moscow,
5304:Orgburo
5165:Orgburo
3113:Council
3091:of the
3046:Yanayev
3005:Gromyko
2975:Mikoyan
2951:Kalinin
2935:of the
2871:Sokolov
2866:Ogarkov
2861:Kulikov
2856:Ustinov
2826:Golikov
2816:Chuikov
2801:Grechko
2751:Govorov
2701:Yegorov
2555:of the
2551:in the
2468:pp 83β5
2450:YouTube
1614:Finland
1599:, twice
1453:in the
1447:Luhansk
1416:Molotov
1409:Kremlin
1288:of the
1255:) with
1229:Hungary
1219:Hungary
1127:at the
1101:Germany
1065:Molotov
1044:Yegorov
926:of the
871:Kharkiv
788:Luhansk
750:Ukraine
727:Bakhmut
707:Hungary
676:Finland
597::
565:Russian
355:(twice)
317:Russian
160:Premier
3547:Averin
3464:UkrSSR
3248:(1946)
3140:(1925)
3116:(1917)
2886:Petrov
2831:Krylov
2736:Stalin
2726:Zhukov
2496:
2420:
2331:
2279:
2249:
2239:
2211:8 July
2116:
2106:
2046:
2021:
1996:
1968:
1858:
1778:
1628:Turkey
1623:(1955)
1569:(1965)
1525:(1945)
1463:Ussuri
1449:) and
1363:1968.
1261:Moscow
1192:fronts
777:kulaks
406:
392:
349:Awards
339:Spouse
222:, and
34:, the
2891:Yazov
2776:Beria
2746:Konev
2716:Kulik
2513:(PDF)
2418:S2CID
2358:p.268
1635:Δ°zmir
1367:Death
1253:right
1092:Kulik
1016:Lukin
730:uyezd
5099:1919
3473:NKVD
2494:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2277:ISBN
2247:OCLC
2237:ISBN
2213:2019
2140:link
2136:link
2132:link
2114:OCLC
2104:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1947:link
1856:ISBN
1822:2020
1796:link
1776:ISBN
1730:2018
1437:The
1326:and
1292:and
1123:and
1005:and
928:USSR
453:Rank
282:Died
253:Born
224:20th
220:19th
216:18th
212:17th
208:16th
204:15th
200:14th
2557:ZBW
2410:doi
1296:as
1259:in
705:in
46:is
38:is
5357::
5202:β
5188:β
5174:β
3549:/
2447:.
2442::
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2406:59
2404:.
2400:.
2386:^
2259:^
2245:.
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2124:{{
2112:.
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1980:^
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1974:.
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563:(
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