820:
43:
950:
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646:, and is reportedly responsible for most or all of the physical structure of the "mother", which may have been selectively encouraged over time for firmer (denser) and more robust cultures by brewers. The highest diversity of Kombucha bacteria was found to be on the 7th day of fermentation with the diversity being less in the SCOBY. Acetobacteraceae dominate 88 percent of the bacterial community of the SCOBY. The acetic acid bacteria in kombucha are
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The tea is left to ferment for a period of up to 10 to 14 days at room temperature (18 °C to 26 °C). A new "daughter" SCOBY will form on the surface of the tea to the diameter of the container. After fermentation is completed, the SCOBY is removed and stored along with a small amount of the
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The alcohol content of kombucha is usually less than 0.5%, but increases with extended fermentation times. The concentration of alcohol specifically ethanol increases initially but then begins to decrease when acetic acid bacteria utilize it to produce acetic acid. Over-fermentation generates high
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that can be molded onto forms to create seamless clothing. Using different broth media such as coffee, black tea, and green tea to grow the kombucha culture results in different textile colors, although the textile can also be dyed using other plant-based dyes. Different growth media and dyes also
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Kombucha can be prepared at home or commercially. It is made by dissolving sugar in non-chlorinated boiling water. Tea leaves are then steeped in the hot sugar water and discarded. The sweetened tea is cooled and the SCOBY culture is added. The mixture is then poured into a sterilized beaker along
843:
characterized kombucha as an "extreme example" of an unconventional remedy because of the disparity between implausible, wide-ranging health claims and the potential risks of the product. It concluded that the proposed, unsubstantiated therapeutic claims did not outweigh known risks, and that
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Drinking kombucha can be harmful for people with preexisting ailments. Due to its microbial sourcing and possible non-sterile packaging, kombucha is not recommended for people with poor immune function, women who are pregnant or nursing, or children under 4 years old: It may compromise
357:
around 221 B.C. The drink was consumed in Russia and from there entered the rest of Europe. Its consumption increased in the United States during the early 21st century. Having an alcohol content of less than 0.5%, kombucha is not a federally regulated beverage in the United States.
864:
said in 2009 that "serious side effects and occasional deaths have been associated with drinking
Kombucha tea." Because kombucha is a commonly homemade fermentation, caution should be taken because pathogenic microorganisms can contaminate the tea during preparation.
673:
Kombucha is made by adding the kombucha culture into a broth of sugared tea. The sugar serves as a nutrient for the SCOBY that allows for bacterial growth in the tea. Sucrose is converted, biochemically, into fructose and glucose, and these into
2089:
Sarkar, Dayanidhi; Yabusaki, Masahiro; Hasebe, Yuta; Ho, Pei Yee; Kohmoto, Shuji; Kaga, Takayuki; Shimizu, Kazuyuki (2010). "Fermentation and metabolic characteristics of
Gluconacetobacter oboediens for different carbon sources".
909:
A 2019 review enumerated numerous potential health risks, but said "kombucha is not considered harmful if about 4 oz per day is consumed by healthy individuals; potential risks are associated with a low pH brew
650:, meaning that they require oxygen for their growth and activity. Hence, the bacteria initially migrate and assemble at the air interface, followed by the excretion of bacterial cellulose after about 2 days.
1228:"Kombucha Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Flavor (Original, Flavored), By Distribution Channel (Supermarkets, Health Stores, Online Stores), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027"
361:
Prior to 2015, some commercially available kombucha brands were found to contain alcohol content exceeding this threshold, sparking the development of new testing methods. With rising popularity in
887:, and brewers are cautioned to avoid over-fermentation. Other adverse effects may be a result of bacterial or fungal contamination during the brewing process. Some studies have found the
2625:
754:. This technique is known as "backslopping". The container is covered with a paper towel or breathable fabric to prevent insects, such as fruit flies, from contaminating the kombucha.
2653:
515:... used by English speakers to designate fermented tea due to confusion or because the thick gelatinous film produced by the kombucha culture was thought to resemble seaweed."
1199:
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Commercially bottled kombucha became available in the late 1990s. In 2010, elevated alcohol levels were found in many bottled kombucha products, leading retailers including
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purchased kombucha maker KeVita for approximately $ 200 million. In the US, sales of kombucha and other fermented drinks rose by 37 percent in 2017. Beer companies like
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Kombucha
Fermentation and Its Antimicrobial Activity Guttapadu Sreeramulu, Yang Zhu,* and Wieger Knol Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000 48 (6), 2589-2594
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or stomach acidity in these susceptible populations. There are certain drugs that one should not take with kombucha because of the small percentage of alcohol content.
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content. The population of bacteria and yeasts found to produce acetic acid has been reported to increase for the first 4 days of fermentation, decreasing thereafter.
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373:
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known as a "mother". There is a broad spectrum of yeast species spanning several genera reported to be present in kombucha culture including species of
2149:
Nguyen, VT; Flanagan, B; Gidley, MJ; Dykes, GA (2008). "Characterization of cellulose production by a gluconacetobacter xylinus strain from kombucha".
2918:
Nummer, Brian A. (November 2013). "Kombucha
Brewing Under the Food and Drug Administration Model Food Code: Risk Analysis and Processing Guidance".
2042:
Chakravorty, Somnath; Bhattacharya, Semantee; Chatzinotas, Antonis; Chakraborty, Writachit; Bhattacharya, Debanjana; Gachhui, Ratan (2 March 2016).
758:
newly fermented tea. The remaining kombucha is strained and bottled for a secondary ferment for a few days or stored at a temperature of 4 °C.
299:(and other acids). Although the SCOBY is commonly called "tea fungus" or "mushroom", it is actually "a symbiotic growth of acetic acid bacteria and
993:
1067:
Jayabalan, Rasu (21 June 2014). "A Review on
Kombucha Tea—Microbiology, Composition, Fermentation, Beneficial Effects, Toxicity, and Tea Fungus".
365:
in the early 21st century, kombucha sales increased after it was marketed as an alternative to beer and other alcoholic drinks in restaurants and
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241:, where the drink is traditional. By the early 20th century it spread to Russia, then other parts of Eastern Europe and Germany. Kombucha is now
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to pull the drinks from store shelves temporarily. In response, kombucha suppliers reformulated their products to have lower alcohol levels.
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from containers, excessive consumption of highly acidic kombucha, or consumption by individuals with pre-existing health conditions."
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culture has been further described as being lichenous, in accord with the reported presence of the known lichenous natural product
1445:
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By 2014, US sales of bottled kombucha were $ 400 million, $ 350 million of which was by
Millennium Products, Inc. which sells
3078:
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2722:
Villarreal-Soto, Silvia
Alejandra; Beaufort, Sandra; Bouajila, Jalloul; Souchard, Jean-Pierre; Taillandier, Patricia (2018).
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1959:
Villarreal-Soto, Silvia
Alejandra; Beaufort, Sandra; Bouajila, Jalloul; Souchard, Jean-Pierre; Taillandier, Patricia (2018).
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change the textile's feel and texture. Additionally the SCOBY itself can be dried and eaten as a sweet or savory snack.
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Some commercial kombucha producers sell what they call "hard kombucha" with an alcohol content of over 5 percent.
800:
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The first known use in the
English language of the word to describe "a gelatinous mass of symbiotic bacteria (as
1833:
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2384:(Report). Food Issue, Notes From the Field. British Columbia (BC) Centre for Disease Control. 27 January 2015
793:
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2011:
19:
This article is about the fermented tea. For the East Asian drink "konbu-cha", made from dried seaweed, see
4312:
4131:
468:
1659:
The Art of
Fermentation: An In-depth Exploration of Essential Concepts and Processes from Around the World
4146:
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2403:
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966:, a cannabis-infused drink prepared by steeping various parts of the cannabis plant in hot or cold water
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globally, and also bottled and sold commercially. The global kombucha market was worth approximately
860:
related to kombucha consumption are rare, but may be underreported, according to a 2003 review. The
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It originated in northeast China (Manchuria) and later spread to Russia and the rest of the world.
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Numerous health benefits have been claimed to correlate with drinking kombucha; there is little
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2257:. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. 23 June 2015. Archived from
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Jonas, Rainer; Farah, Luiz F. (1998). "Production and application of microbial cellulose".
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The bacterial component of kombucha comprises several species, almost always including the
1500:
Serious side effects and occasional deaths have been associated with drinking Kombucha tea
8:
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3687:
3619:
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1010:
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661:, though as of 2015, no report appears indicating the standard cyanobacterial species of
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1478:
American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies
1339:
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from Japanese. It has been hypothesized that English speakers mistook the Japanese word
435:) and is a completely different beverage from the fermented tea usually associated with
47:
Kombucha tea, including the culture of bacteria and yeast, which is not usually consumed
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27:
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Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction
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to mean fermented tea, when in fact, this type of fermented tea in Japanese is called
26:"Tea mushroom" redirects here. For the tea tree mushroom used in Chinese cooking, see
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2063:
1993:
1985:
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Blanc, Phillipe J (February 1996). "Characterization of the tea fungus metabolites".
1663:
1612:
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1180:
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1084:
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530:) grown to produce a fermented beverage held to confer health benefits" was in 1944.
362:
323:
82:
3105:"'Scary and gross': Queensland fashion students grow garments in jars with kombucha"
2988:
2947:"Kombucha, the Fermented Tea: Microbiology, Composition, and Claimed Health Effects"
2795:
2778:
2194:"Transient in situ measurement of kombucha biofilm growth and mechanical properties"
2119:
1940:
1701:
1420:
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1200:"Kombucha 101: Demystifying The Past, Present And Future Of The Fermented Tea Drink"
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in kombucha, although it is not known whether the cases of liver damage are due to
845:
835:. Although people may drink kombucha for such supposed health effects, there is no
819:
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Several brands of commercial kombucha on store shelves, Eastern Pennsylvania, 2019
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2779:"Kombucha: a systematic review of the empirical evidence of human health benefit"
1387:"Kombucha: a systematic review of the empirical evidence of human health benefit"
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amounts of acids similar to vinegar. The pH of the drink is typically about 3.5.
702:
848:, being in a class of "remedies that only seem to benefit those who sell them".
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1684:"Hard Kombucha Is Super Trendy, but Is It Good for You? We Asked Nutritionists"
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2752:
2626:"Is boozy kombucha good for you? It's getting so popular it might not matter"
2280:
Teoh, AL; Heard, G; Cox, J (2004). "Yeast ecology of kombucha fermentation".
2067:
2041:
1989:
675:
432:
94:
3071:"BIOCOUTURE Creates Kombucha Mushroom Fabric For Fashion & Architecture"
2743:
1980:
1889:
1683:
1545:"What is Kombucha? Benefits & Side Effects | Holland & Barrett"
1135:
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Kombucha is promoted with many claims for health benefits, from alleviating
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571:, containing one or more species each of bacteria and yeasts, which form a
281:, along with other species; the bacterial component almost always includes
212:
61:
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Some adverse health effects may arise from the acidity of the tea causing
4364:
4245:
4075:
3805:
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3708:
3698:
3596:
3548:
3513:
3365:
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3292:
2654:"How Kombucha tea is becoming a beverage of choice for many in Delhi-NCR"
2315:
Dufresne, C; Farnworth, E (2000). "Tea, kombucha, and health: A review".
1635:"Is Fermented Tea Making People Feel Enlightened Because of ... Alcohol?"
975:
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331:
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242:
160:
145:
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Kombucha culture, when dried, becomes a leather-like textile known as a
868:
Adverse effects associated with kombucha consumption may include severe
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Velicanski, A; Cvetkovic, D; Markov, S; Tumbas, V; et al. (2007).
2210:
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to support any of these claims. The beverage has caused rare serious
308:
272:
264:
219:
3020:
2895:
2878:
2570:
2431:. David Zilber, Evan Sung, Paula Troxler. New York, NY. p. 33.
275:
populations in a SCOBY vary. The yeast component generally includes
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in English likely stems from the misapplication of Japanese words:
451:
418:
412:
338:
292:
227:
176:
131:
20:
2379:
Food Safety Assessment of Kombucha Tea Recipe and Food Safety Plan
780:. In 2014, several companies that make and sell kombucha formed a
42:
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4445:
4420:
4400:
4339:
4201:
3845:
3528:
3523:
3488:
2821:
Effects of Herbal Supplements on Clinical Laboratory Test Results
2406:. FoodData Central, US Department of Agriculture. 28 October 2022
2015:
1747:"Kombucha: can the fermented drink compete with beer at the bar?"
1030:
785:
698:
635:
546:
538:
304:
288:
972:, a carbonated green tea drink promoted with bogus health claims
450:
is uncertain; however, it is speculated that it is a misapplied
4556:
4462:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4415:
4334:
4302:
3910:
3647:
3642:
3558:
3538:
3453:
3443:
3322:
3302:
3287:
3257:
3155:
2344:"Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of lemon balm Kombucha"
2341:
2044:"Kombucha tea fermentation: Microbial and biochemical dynamics"
2012:"Faq Archive - OMbucha Kombucha | Hand Brewed With Loving Care"
1954:
1952:
1950:
969:
873:
832:
761:
679:
662:
1721:"As kombucha sales boom, makers ask feds for new alcohol test"
613:
Kluyveromyces, Starmera, Eremothecium, Merimbla, Sugiyamaella.
3508:
2824:. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 24, 108, 112.
2571:"Kombucha cha-ching: A probiotic tea fizzes up strong growth"
1566:"So Does Kombucha Have Caffeine or Alcohol in It? How Much?!"
987:
981:
869:
564:
551:
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268:
238:
231:
168:
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149:
135:
127:
74:
2945:
Greenwalt, C. J.; Steinkraus, K. H.; Ledford, R. A. (2000).
2879:"Hepatotoxic Botanicals—An Evidence-based Systematic Review"
1947:
1836:[What is "red tea mushroom"? -- meaning and usage].
1344:
Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
234:. Juice, spices, fruit or other flavorings are often added.
3924:
2715:
2574:
733:, but is otherwise devoid of significant nutrient content.
476:
428:
172:
2944:
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that it provides any benefit. In a 2003 review, physician
3197:
2850:"Effects of herbal remedies on clinical laboratory tests"
2148:
1859:
1857:
1771:
Algeo, John; Algeo, Adele (1997). "Among the New Words".
1702:"Hard Kombucha Is the New Trendy Beverage You Should Try"
1517:"What is kombucha tea? Does it have any health benefits?"
1275:"What is kombucha tea? Does it have any health benefits?"
366:
260:
123:
57:
1340:"Kombucha: a systematic review of the clinical evidence"
2938:
2545:"The American kombucha craze, in one home-brewed chart"
751:
630:), which ferments alcohols produced by the yeasts into
107:
Cloudy, commonly pale or dark brown and sometimes green
2192:
Bertsch, Pascal; Etter, Danai; Fischer, Peter (2021).
2088:
1854:
1588:"Kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity"
311:, one of the reasons for the popularity of the drink.
2597:"Slow Start for Soda Industry's Push to Cut Calories"
2428:
The Noma guide to fermentation: foundations of flavor
1069:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
799:
As of 2021, the drink had some popularity in India's
634:
and other acids, increasing the acidity and limiting
3045:"Meet the Woman Who Wants to Grow Clothing in a Lab"
2852:. In Dasgupta, Amitava; Sepulveda, Jorge L. (eds.).
945:
796:
produce kombucha by themselves or via subsidiaries.
750:
with previously fermented kombucha tea to lower the
383:
billion, as of 2019 and this is expected to grow to
2724:"Understanding Kombucha Tea Fermentation: A Review"
2191:
1961:"Understanding Kombucha Tea Fermentation: A Review"
1471:
1136:"kombucha | Description, History, & Nutrition"
542:Yeast and bacteria in kombucha magnified 400 times
2883:Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
2870:
2314:
1655:
1585:
978:, a fermented drink made from green tea and honey
4601:
2241:
2239:
1581:
1579:
1301:"Kombucha Tea Attracts a Following and Doubters"
678:and acetic acid. In addition, kombucha contains
665:in association with kombucha fungal components.
271:) commonly called a "mother" or "mushroom". The
2876:
994:List of unproven or disproven cancer treatments
990:, a traditional fermented drink made from bread
459:
399:
1718:
1632:
925:Kombucha contains a small amount of caffeine.
466:
406:
3182:
3098:
3096:
2877:Abdualmjid, Reem J; Sergi, Consolato (2013).
2843:
2841:
2404:"Nutrient content of kombucha tea per 100 ml"
2236:
1576:
1469:
533:
2279:
1898:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
393:
3196:
2856:. Amsterdam, NH: Elsevier. pp. 78–79.
1662:. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 167–.
1222:
1220:
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1056:
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784:, Kombucha Brewers International. In 2016,
307:]". The living bacteria are said to be
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3175:
3102:
3093:
2838:
2811:
2776:
2705:"Are There Benefits to Drinking Kombucha?"
2467:
2459:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2282:International Journal of Food Microbiology
2142:
2048:International Journal of Food Microbiology
1770:
1596:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1384:
1240:
765:Kombucha culture fermenting in a jar, 2006
729:Kombucha tea is 95% water and contains 4%
237:Kombucha is thought to have originated in
41:
4517:
4124:
3103:Hinchliffe, Jessica (25 September 2014).
3019:
2962:
2894:
2794:
2742:
2645:
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2219:
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1979:
1402:
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803:, partly due to its success in the west.
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222:drink. Sometimes the beverage is called
3068:
3001:
2772:
2770:
2702:
2543:Narula, Svati Kirsten (26 March 2015).
2496:
2424:
1764:
1744:
1626:
1586:Sreeramulu, G; Zhu, Y; Knol, W (2000).
1539:
1537:
1510:
1508:
1337:
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1169:. Storey Publishing, LLC. p. 251.
844:kombucha should not be recommended for
724:
668:
565:symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast
376:, kombucha had a global market size of
349:Kombucha most likely originated in the
4602:
2917:
2623:
2594:
2542:
2473:
2092:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
1465:
1463:
1446:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
1298:
372:According to the market research firm
226:to distinguish it from the culture of
3170:
3043:Grushkin, Daniel (17 February 2015).
2696:
2679:
2614:
2522:"The Kombucha Crisis: One Year Later"
2364:
2037:
2035:
2033:
1918:
1912:
1808:"U.S. 'kombucha': Smelly and No Kelp"
1740:
1738:
1555:
1427:
1272:
1162:
1005:of mushrooms in water, made by using
303:yeast species in a zoogleal mat [
2767:
2568:
2519:
2476:"A Strange Brew May Be a Good Thing"
2273:
1805:
1534:
1505:
1261:
1230:. Grandview Research. February 2020.
1197:
1158:
1156:
1111:"A mug of kombucha for your health?"
337:Kombucha contains a small amount of
3069:Oiljala, Leena (9 September 2014).
2777:Kapp JM, Sumner W (February 2019).
2651:
2396:
1460:
13:
4507:Tea Research and Extension Station
2624:Judkis, Maura (13 December 2018).
2499:"'Kombucha Crisis' Fuels Progress"
2030:
1735:
1719:Wyatt, Kristen (12 October 2015).
1633:Hamblin, James (8 December 2016).
1470:Russell J, Rovere A, eds. (2009).
851:
697:Other specific components include
694:which vary between preparations.
14:
4666:
3148:
2595:Esterl, Mike (23 November 2016).
2294:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.020
2060:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.12.015
1514:
1243:Polymer Degradation and Stability
1153:
4584:
4583:
3154:
1745:Fleming, Amy (11 October 2018).
1385:Kapp, J. M.; Sumner, W. (2019).
948:
814:
806:
581:Candida, Kloeckera/Hanseniaspora
508:The American Heritage Dictionary
3821:Afternoon/High tea/Evening meal
3119:
3062:
3036:
2995:
2920:Journal of Environmental Health
2911:
2796:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.11.001
2673:
2652:Roy, Dyuti (21 November 2021).
2588:
2562:
2536:
2520:Crum, Hannah (23 August 2011).
2513:
2490:
2474:Wollan, Malia (24 March 2010).
2418:
2335:
2308:
2185:
2126:
2082:
2004:
1882:
1826:
1799:
1712:
1694:
1676:
1404:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.11.001
1378:
1299:Wollan, Malia (24 March 2010).
522:) and yeasts (as of the genera
267:culture of bacteria and yeast (
3008:Journal of Primary Health Care
3002:Martini, Nataly (March 2018).
2680:Casey, Michael (3 July 2019).
1806:Wong, Crystal (12 July 2007).
1292:
1234:
1128:
1103:
1:
2703:MacKeen D (16 October 2019).
2569:Carr, Coeli (9 August 2014).
2329:10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00067-3
1255:10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00197-3
1037:
928:
876:(kidney) toxicity as well as
794:Molson Coors Beverage Company
736:
558:
3004:"Potion or Poison? Kombucha"
2682:"New in brew: Hard kombucha"
1894:American Heritage Dictionary
1273:Bauer, Brent (8 July 2017).
717:(a hepatotoxin, see above).
475:which became popular around
330:. It is not recommended for
7:
2497:Rothman, Max (2 May 2013).
2348:Acta Periodica Technologica
2317:Food Research International
984:, a fermented dairy product
941:
920:
823:Kombucha tea with ice cubes
511:states that it was "perhaps
460:
400:
10:
4671:
2964:10.4315/0362-028X-63.7.976
2951:Journal of Food Protection
2848:Dasgupta, Amitava (2013).
2818:Dasgupta, Amitava (2011).
2247:"Drug record, Usnic acid (
1834:"紅茶キノコ(こうちゃキノコ)とは？ 意味や使い方"
1706:Better Homes & Gardens
1656:Sandor Ellix Katz (2012).
1480:(2nd ed.). New York:
534:Composition and properties
344:
25:
18:
4579:
4393:
4273:
4215:
4164:
4049:
4021:
3936:
3878:
3813:
3804:
3743:
3730:Strobilanthes tonkinensis
3661:
3628:
3605:
3577:
3429:
3321:
3233:
3224:
3211:
2163:10.1007/s00284-008-9228-3
2104:10.1007/s00253-010-2474-x
1549:www.hollandandbarrett.com
790:Full Sail Brewing Company
628:Gluconacetobacter xylinus
554:used for brewing kombucha
467:
407:
394:Etymology and terminology
284:Gluconacetobacter xylinus
156:
141:
119:
111:
103:
93:
80:
68:
52:
40:
4472:Teas of related species
4313:Hong Kong–style milk tea
4258:Epigallocatechin gallate
1865:"Definition of KOMBUCHA"
1166:The Big Book of Kombucha
898:or to some other toxin.
623:Komagataeibacter xylinus
563:A kombucha culture is a
439:elsewhere in the world.
322:, possibly arising from
278:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
255:Kombucha is produced by
4502:Lipton Institute of Tea
3836:East Asian tea ceremony
2744:10.1111/1750-3841.14068
2731:Journal of Food Science
1981:10.1111/1750-3841.14068
1968:Journal of Food Science
1869:www.merriam-webster.com
1482:American Cancer Society
1140:Encyclopedia Britannica
1081:10.1111/1541-4337.12073
862:American Cancer Society
801:National Capital Region
473:, 'black tea mushroom')
115:Fermented, effervescent
70:Country of origin
4096:Consumption by country
3131:Fermenting for Foodies
3127:"Kombucha Scoby Jerky"
2783:Annals of Epidemiology
2659:The New Indian Express
2425:Redzepi, René (2018).
1391:Annals of Epidemiology
1163:Alex., LaGory (2016).
824:
766:
746:
653:The mixed, presumably
555:
543:
398:In Japanese, the term
257:symbiotic fermentation
199:when referring to the
16:Fermented tea beverage
3694:English afternoon tea
1921:Biotechnology Letters
1198:Troitino, Christina.
1019:psychedelic mushrooms
822:
764:
744:
593:Brettanomyces/Dekkera
549:
541:
89:<0.5% (commercial)
4655:Functional beverages
4615:Alternative medicine
4468:List of Chinese teas
3163:at Wikimedia Commons
2151:Current Microbiology
725:Absence of nutrients
690:, and various other
669:Chemical composition
619:acetic acid bacteria
567:(SCOBY), similar to
482:Webster's Dictionary
332:therapeutic purposes
252:billion as of 2019.
3891:Teahouse or tearoom
2631:The Washington Post
2601:Wall Street Journal
2357:10.2298/APT0738165V
2221:20.500.11850/485857
2198:Food & Function
1397:. Elsevier: 66–70.
1011:medicinal mushrooms
935:microbial cellulose
644:bacterial cellulose
609:Schizosaccharomyces
520:Acetobacter xylinum
421:made with powdered
374:Grand View Research
363:developed countries
205:Medusomyces gisevii
197:Manchurian mushroom
37:
4491:Camellia taliensis
2211:10.1039/D1FO00630D
1933:10.1007/BF00128667
1896:(Fifth ed.).
1723:. Associated Press
1305:The New York Times
1033:, or "water kefir"
1024:Psilocybe cubensis
878:metabolic acidosis
825:
782:trade organization
767:
747:
556:
544:
495:tea made from kelp
99:<1 (commercial)
35:
28:Cyclocybe aegerita
4625:Carbonated drinks
4597:
4596:
4575:
4574:
4484:Camellia sasanqua
4477:Camellia japonica
4160:
4159:
4017:
4016:
3739:
3738:
3714:Maghrebi mint tea
3504:Huangshan Maofeng
3203:Camellia sinensis
3159:Media related to
2863:978-0-1241-5783-5
2831:978-3-1102-4561-5
2438:978-1-57965-718-5
2138:10.1021/jf991333m
1669:978-1-60358-286-5
1609:10.1021/jf991333m
1356:10.1159/000071667
1176:978-1-61212-435-3
577:Zygosaccharomyces
569:mother of vinegar
491:kombucha, kobucha
390:billion by 2030.
182:
181:
83:Alcohol by volume
4662:
4635:Fermented drinks
4587:
4586:
4515:
4514:
4293:Burmese milk tea
4228:Phenolic content
4122:
4121:
3811:
3810:
3704:Lapsang souchong
3479:Lu'an Melon Seed
3231:
3230:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3158:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3077:. Archived from
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3023:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2966:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2746:
2728:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2684:. Boulder Weekly
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2450:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2375:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2204:(9): 4015–4020.
2189:
2183:
2182:
2146:
2140:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2014:. Archived from
2008:
2002:
2001:
1983:
1965:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1603:(6): 2589–2594.
1592:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1475:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1406:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1338:Ernst E (2003).
1335:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1249:(1–3): 101–106.
1238:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1064:
1015:lingzhi mushroom
958:
953:
952:
951:
904:immune responses
605:Saccharomycoides
514:
485:says the use of
474:
472:
471:
463:
431:from the family
416:
410:
409:
403:
389:
386:
382:
379:
328:home preparation
251:
248:
157:Related products
86:
71:
45:
38:
34:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4571:
4513:
4389:
4355:Seven-color tea
4308:Doodh pati chai
4275:
4269:
4211:
4156:
4120:
4051:
4050:Production and
4045:
4013:
3932:
3874:
3800:
3735:
3724:Russian Caravan
3719:Prince of Wales
3682:Breakfast tea (
3664:
3657:
3624:
3620:Huoshan Huangya
3615:Junshan Yinzhen
3601:
3573:
3425:
3361:Dongfang meiren
3317:
3226:
3220:
3207:
3195:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3107:. ABCNet.net.au
3101:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3081:on 19 June 2015
3075:Pratt Institute
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3049:Popular Science
3041:
3037:
3021:10.1071/HC15930
3000:
2996:
2943:
2939:
2916:
2912:
2896:10.18433/J36G6X
2875:
2871:
2864:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2816:
2812:
2775:
2768:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2622:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2468:
2452:
2451:
2439:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2365:
2340:
2336:
2313:
2309:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2190:
2186:
2147:
2143:
2131:
2127:
2087:
2083:
2040:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2018:on 31 July 2019
2010:
2009:
2005:
1963:
1957:
1948:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1800:
1773:American Speech
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1743:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1631:
1627:
1590:
1584:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1513:
1506:
1496:
1468:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1428:
1383:
1379:
1336:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1271:
1262:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1192:
1177:
1161:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1065:
1044:
1040:
954:
949:
947:
944:
931:
923:
858:adverse effects
854:
852:Adverse effects
846:therapeutic use
817:
809:
739:
727:
703:glucuronic acid
671:
561:
536:
512:
464:
404:
396:
387:
384:
380:
377:
347:
320:adverse effects
291:yeast-produced
249:
246:
81:
69:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4243:
4238:
4230:
4225:
4223:Health effects
4219:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4182:Compressed tea
4179:
4174:
4172:Flowering teas
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4069:Decaffeination
4061:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3900:
3897:Cha chaan teng
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3680:
3669:
3667:
3665:flavoured teas
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3592:Baihao Yinzhen
3589:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:Mengding Ganlu
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3499:Taiping houkui
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3150:
3149:External links
3147:
3145:
3144:
3133:. 17 June 2015
3118:
3092:
3061:
3035:
2994:
2957:(7): 976–981.
2937:
2910:
2889:(3): 376–404.
2869:
2862:
2837:
2830:
2810:
2766:
2737:(3): 580–588.
2714:
2709:New York Times
2695:
2672:
2644:
2613:
2587:
2561:
2535:
2512:
2489:
2466:
2437:
2417:
2395:
2363:
2350:(38): 165–72.
2334:
2323:(6): 409–421.
2307:
2272:
2261:on 2 July 2019
2235:
2184:
2141:
2125:
2098:(1): 127–136.
2081:
2029:
2003:
1974:(3): 580–588.
1946:
1927:(2): 139–142.
1911:
1881:
1853:
1825:
1798:
1785:10.2307/455789
1763:
1734:
1711:
1693:
1675:
1668:
1648:
1637:. The Atlantic
1625:
1575:
1572:. 2 July 2018.
1554:
1533:
1515:Bauer, Brent.
1504:
1494:
1473:"Kombucha tea"
1459:
1426:
1377:
1317:
1291:
1260:
1233:
1216:
1190:
1175:
1152:
1127:
1102:
1075:(4): 538–550.
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1028:
996:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
960:
959:
943:
940:
930:
927:
922:
919:
853:
850:
837:clinical proof
831:to combatting
816:
813:
808:
805:
738:
735:
726:
723:
670:
667:
560:
557:
535:
532:
395:
392:
346:
343:
180:
179:
158:
154:
153:
143:
139:
138:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
87:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
56:Flavored cold
54:
50:
49:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4667:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Fermented tea
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4610:2010s in food
4608:
4607:
4605:
4590:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:Tea research
4497:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4323:Arnold Palmer
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Builder's tea
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:ISO procedure
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4152:United States
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3918:Sukiya-zukuri
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3630:Fermented tea
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Golden Monkey
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2683:
2676:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2523:
2516:
2500:
2493:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2405:
2399:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:(2): 119–26.
2287:
2283:
2276:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2157:(5): 449–53.
2156:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1842:(in Japanese)
1841:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1779:(2): 183–97.
1778:
1774:
1767:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1495:9780944235713
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1464:
1448:. 22 May 2014
1447:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
946:
939:
936:
926:
918:
916:
913:
907:
905:
899:
897:
893:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
866:
863:
859:
849:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
821:
815:Health claims
812:
807:Hard kombucha
804:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:GT's Kombucha
774:
772:
763:
759:
755:
753:
743:
734:
732:
731:carbohydrates
722:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:(see below),
700:
695:
693:
692:organic acids
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:gluconic acid
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:
620:
615:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Saccharomyces
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
553:
548:
540:
531:
529:
528:Saccharomyces
525:
524:Brettanomyces
521:
516:
510:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
470:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
433:Laminariaceae
430:
426:
425:
420:
414:
402:
391:
375:
370:
368:
364:
359:
356:
352:
342:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
324:contamination
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
280:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:; Latin name
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
76:
73:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
39:
33:
29:
22:
4630:Chinese teas
4552:Koththamalli
4527:Cannabis tea
4489:
4482:
4475:
4456:Tea classics
4360:Shahi haleeb
4080:Cultivation
4059:Leaf grading
4052:distribution
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3831:Tasseography
3728:
3652:
3569:Tamaryokucha
3439:Anji bai cha
3406:Shui Jin Gui
3381:Huang Meigui
3376:Huangjin Gui
3336:Ban Tian Yao
3201:
3135:. Retrieved
3130:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3083:. Retrieved
3079:the original
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3038:
3014:(1): 93–94.
3011:
3007:
2997:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2853:
2820:
2813:
2786:
2782:
2734:
2730:
2717:
2708:
2698:
2688:12 September
2686:. Retrieved
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2657:
2647:
2637:12 September
2635:. Retrieved
2629:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2469:
2427:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2347:
2337:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:the original
2254:
2248:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2128:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2051:
2047:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:the original
2006:
1971:
1967:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1893:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1844:. Retrieved
1837:
1828:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1801:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1751:The Guardian
1750:
1725:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1658:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1628:
1620:
1600:
1594:
1569:
1548:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:
1499:
1477:
1450:. Retrieved
1394:
1390:
1380:
1350:(2): 85–87.
1347:
1343:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:
1193:
1165:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
1072:
1068:
1022:
999:Mushroom tea
964:Cannabis tea
956:Drink portal
932:
924:
915:heavy metals
908:
900:
882:
872:(liver) and
867:
855:
841:Edzard Ernst
826:
810:
798:
775:
768:
756:
748:
728:
719:
696:
672:
652:
639:
627:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:zoogleal mat
562:
527:
523:
519:
517:
506:
502:
501:'kelp', and
498:
490:
486:
480:
461:kōcha kinoko
455:
447:
441:
436:
422:
417:refers to a
397:
371:
360:
353:district in
348:
336:
313:
282:
276:
254:
236:
224:kombucha tea
223:
213:effervescent
204:
196:
192:
189:tea mushroom
188:
184:
183:
146:Fruit juices
62:fermentation
32:
4620:Blended tea
4452:Literature
4365:Suutei tsai
4246:Flavan-3-ol
4165:Preparation
3954:Azerbaijani
3709:Masala chai
3699:Jasmine tea
3663:Blended or
3351:Da Hong Pao
3346:Bu Zhi Chun
3278:Jin Jun Mei
2926:(4): 8–11.
2606:24 November
1812:Japan Times
1727:26 November
1641:26 November
1570:Bon Appétit
1521:Mayo Clinic
1484:. pp.
1310:5 September
1284:5 September
1279:Mayo Clinic
1120:1 September
1115:Mayo Clinic
889:hepatotoxin
856:Reports of
829:hemorrhoids
771:Whole Foods
711:lactic acid
688:polyphenols
684:amino acids
655:mutualistic
585:Torulaspora
499:kobu, konbu
427:(an edible
297:acetic acid
259:of sugared
161:Water kefir
120:Ingredients
60:drink with
4604:Categories
4537:Dried lime
4519:Herbal tea
4298:Butter tea
4283:Bubble tea
4274:Tea-based
4263:Theaflavin
4232:Compounds
4132:Bangladesh
4125:By country
4109:Chittagong
4064:Processing
4004:Senegalese
3937:By country
3886:Tea garden
3796:Vietnamese
3751:Australian
3607:Yellow tea
3519:Kamairicha
3449:Baimao Hou
3421:Tieguanyin
3331:Bai Jiguan
3323:Oolong tea
3313:Yingdehong
3263:Darjeeling
2447:1028603169
1890:"Kombucha"
1756:11 October
1688:Health.com
1442:"Kombucha"
1185:1051088525
1038:References
929:Other uses
896:usnic acid
892:usnic acid
737:Production
715:usnic acid
659:usnic acid
640:K. xylinus
626:(formerly
559:Biological
301:osmophilic
243:homebrewed
211:, lightly
193:tea fungus
95:Proof (US)
64:byproducts
4645:Manchuria
4532:Chamomile
4385:Yuenyeung
4375:Teh tarik
4370:Sweet tea
4350:Noon chai
4187:Decoction
4147:Sri Lanka
4100:Auctions
4091:Companies
4009:Taiwanese
3994:Pakistani
3974:Hong Kong
3969:Dominican
3959:Brazilian
3949:Argentine
3904:Chashitsu
3863:Taiwanese
3826:Tea party
3786:Taiwanese
3677:Lady Grey
3673:Earl Grey
3587:Bai Mudan
3579:White tea
3514:Kabusecha
3484:Gunpowder
3474:Genmaicha
3459:Biluochun
3431:Green tea
3416:Tieluohan
3411:Shui Xian
3356:Dong ding
3235:Black tea
3227:varieties
2973:0362-028X
2789:: 66–70.
2753:0022-1147
2478:. NYTimes
2455:cite book
2251:species)"
2068:0168-1605
2054:: 63–72.
1990:1750-3841
1021:(such as
1013:(such as
642:produces
601:Lachancea
444:etymology
401:konbu-cha
351:Bohai Sea
309:probiotic
273:microbial
265:symbiotic
220:black tea
217:sweetened
209:fermented
4650:Mycology
4589:Category
4426:Strainer
4394:See also
4380:Thai tea
4345:Milk tea
4330:Jagertee
4318:Iced tea
4251:Catechin
4241:Theanine
4236:Caffeine
4207:Tea lady
4197:Steeping
4177:Infusion
4114:Guwahati
4084:Diseases
3984:Japanese
3944:American
3868:Ryukyuan
3853:Japanese
3653:Kombucha
3534:Longjing
3464:Chun Mee
3401:Ruan zhi
3386:Jin Xuan
3341:Baozhong
3268:Dianhong
3161:Kombucha
3137:23 March
3030:30068458
2989:27587313
2981:10914673
2932:24341155
2905:24021288
2805:30527803
2761:29508944
2665:21 April
2524:. BevNET
2501:. BevNET
2410:22 April
2302:15282124
2255:LiverTox
2230:33978026
2171:18704575
2120:11657067
2112:20191270
2076:26796581
1998:29508944
1941:34822312
1839:Kotobank
1617:10888589
1421:54472564
1413:30527803
1372:42348141
1364:12808367
1209:10 April
1145:20 April
1097:62789621
1089:33412713
1003:infusion
942:See also
921:Caffeine
912:leaching
885:acidosis
707:glycerol
487:kombucha
456:kombucha
452:loanword
448:kombucha
437:kombucha
419:kelp tea
413:kelp tea
378:US$ 1.67
339:caffeine
316:evidence
293:alcohols
263:using a
228:bacteria
185:Kombucha
177:iced tea
142:Variants
132:bacteria
36:Kombucha
21:kelp tea
4567:Rooibos
4547:Guayusa
4446:Tea set
4421:Infuser
4401:Teaware
4340:Lei cha
4202:Tea bag
4076:Tasting
4023:History
3999:Russian
3989:Mexican
3964:Chinese
3846:Yum cha
3841:Chinese
3814:Customs
3806:Culture
3791:Turkish
3771:Chinese
3761:British
3744:General
3684:English
3597:Shoumei
3564:Shincha
3544:Maojian
3529:Kukicha
3524:Konacha
3494:Hōjicha
3489:Gyokuro
3371:Gaoshan
3366:Fo Shou
3293:Nilgiri
3225:Common
3216:History
3111:18 June
3085:18 June
3054:18 June
2580:27 June
2554:27 June
2528:27 June
2505:18 June
2482:18 June
2265:26 July
2179:1414305
2022:31 July
1904:27 June
1817:14 June
1486:629–633
1031:Tibicos
870:hepatic
786:PepsiCo
699:ethanol
680:enzymes
663:lichens
648:aerobic
636:ethanol
505:'tea'.
388:
385:US$ 9.7
381:
345:History
326:during
305:biofilm
289:oxidize
250:
247:US$ 1.7
207:) is a
201:culture
4557:Kuding
4542:Ginger
4463:Coffee
4441:Gaiwan
4436:Teapot
4431:Teacup
4416:Chawan
4335:Kahwah
4303:Chifir
4276:drinks
4216:Health
4142:Rwanda
4104:London
3979:Indian
3911:Mizuya
3858:Korean
3781:Nepali
3776:Korean
3766:Ceylon
3756:Arabic
3648:Lahpet
3643:Doncha
3638:Pu-erh
3559:Sencha
3539:Matcha
3469:Dafang
3454:Bancha
3444:Aracha
3396:Rougui
3303:Tibeti
3298:Sikkim
3288:Keemun
3283:Kangra
3258:Congou
3253:Ceylon
3028:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2930:
2903:
2860:
2828:
2803:
2759:
2751:
2549:Quartz
2445:
2435:
2388:1 July
2300:
2228:
2177:
2169:
2118:
2110:
2074:
2066:
1996:
1988:
1939:
1900:. 2015
1874:29 May
1846:20 May
1793:455789
1791:
1666:
1615:
1526:28 May
1492:
1452:1 June
1419:
1411:
1370:
1362:
1204:Forbes
1183:
1173:
1095:
1087:
1007:edible
970:Enviga
833:cancer
713:, and
632:acetic
589:Pichia
513:
187:(also
150:spices
112:Flavor
85:
4411:Caddy
4406:Chest
4137:Kenya
4041:Japan
4036:India
4031:China
3879:Areas
3688:Irish
3549:Mecha
3509:Hyson
3391:Qilan
3248:Bohea
3243:Assam
2985:S2CID
2727:(PDF)
2382:(PDF)
2249:Usnea
2175:S2CID
2116:S2CID
1964:(PDF)
1937:S2CID
1789:JSTOR
1591:(PDF)
1417:S2CID
1368:S2CID
1093:S2CID
1017:) or
1001:, an
988:Kvass
982:Kefir
874:renal
552:SCOBY
469:紅茶キノコ
424:konbu
355:China
269:SCOBY
239:China
232:yeast
195:, or
169:kvass
165:kefir
152:added
136:yeast
128:sugar
104:Color
75:China
4562:Mate
3925:Roji
3308:Rize
3139:2021
3113:2015
3087:2015
3056:2015
3026:PMID
2977:PMID
2969:ISSN
2928:PMID
2901:PMID
2858:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2801:PMID
2757:PMID
2749:ISSN
2690:2019
2667:2022
2639:2019
2608:2016
2582:2015
2575:CNBC
2556:2015
2530:2015
2507:2015
2484:2015
2461:link
2443:OCLC
2433:ISBN
2412:2024
2390:2015
2298:PMID
2267:2017
2226:PMID
2167:PMID
2108:PMID
2072:PMID
2064:ISSN
2024:2019
1994:PMID
1986:ISSN
1906:2015
1876:2019
1848:2024
1819:2015
1758:2018
1729:2017
1664:ISBN
1643:2017
1613:PMID
1528:2020
1490:ISBN
1454:2015
1409:PMID
1360:PMID
1312:2018
1286:2018
1211:2017
1181:OCLC
1171:ISBN
1147:2021
1122:2018
1085:PMID
792:and
682:and
526:and
477:1975
442:The
429:kelp
367:pubs
230:and
173:beer
53:Type
3198:Tea
3016:doi
2959:doi
2891:doi
2791:doi
2739:doi
2352:doi
2325:doi
2290:doi
2216:hdl
2206:doi
2159:doi
2134:doi
2100:doi
2056:doi
2052:220
1976:doi
1929:doi
1781:doi
1605:doi
1399:doi
1352:doi
1251:doi
1077:doi
976:Jun
503:cha
497:',
446:of
411:, '
408:昆布茶
295:to
287:to
261:tea
148:or
124:Tea
58:tea
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