855:, but nowadays are typically made of plastic, and occasionally made of wood. One can alter the pitch of a string by manipulating or moving the bridge. For some very low notes, there are small bridges made, as well as specialty bridges with three different heights, depending on the need of the tuning. When a small bridge is unavailable for some very low notes, some players may, as an emergency measure, use a bridge upside down, though this is unstable and not ideal. Bridges have been known to break during playing, and with some older instruments which have the surface where the bridges rest being worn due to much use, the bridges may fall during playing, especially when pressing strings. There are, of course, various sorts of patch materials sold to fill the holes which cause the legs of a bridge to rest on an unstable area. About 6 feet (1.8 m) long and 1 foot (0.30 m) wide, the koto is traditionally placed on the floor in front of the player, who kneels.
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736:(1894–1956), a blind composer, innovator, and performer, is considered to have been the first Japanese composer to combine western music and traditional koto music. Miyagi is largely regarded as being responsible for keeping the koto alive when traditional Japanese arts were being forgotten and replaced by Westernization. He wrote over 300 new works for the instrument before his death in a
890:, the silk thread used in the instrument, is a pivotal part of its construction. This feature was not seen on the speculated nobility-style instruments because they used a more tension of theirs and valued the relict nature of their instruments. The commoners did all the innovations that made the koto not only a sturdy instrument, but more sonically adept. The
1235:
was one of the first koto performers to popularize the koto in a non-traditional fusion style. Reiko Obata, founder of East West Jazz, was the first to perform and record an album of jazz standards featuring the koto. Obata also produced the first-ever
English language koto instructional DVD, titled
677:
A smaller influence in the evolution of the koto is found in the inspiration of a woman named Keiko Nosaka. Nosaka (a musician who won Grand Prize in Music from the
Japanese Ministry of Culture in 2002), felt confined by playing a koto with just 13 strings, and created new versions of the instrument
880:
to a roll of paper or cardboard, about the size of a cigarette butt, strung through the holes at the head of the koto, threaded through the holes at the back, tightened, and tied with a special knot. Strings can be tightened by a special machine, but often are tightened by hand, and then tied. One
841:
The body of a traditional koto is made of
Paulownia wood. Every piece of the instrument comes with cultural significance, especially since the koto is the national instrument. The wood is dried and cut into precise measurements. The size of the soundboard on a standard modern koto has remained
506:
When the koto was first imported to Japan, the native word koto was a generic term for any and all
Japanese stringed instruments. As the number of different stringed instruments in Japan grew, the once-basic definition of koto could not describe the wide variety of these instruments and so the
617:
tradition, originally intended only for blind men. Women were forbidden from playing the instrument in the professional world, nor were they allowed to teach it. When these strict rules were relieved, women began to play the koto, with the exception of the
793:
For about 150 years after the Meiji
Restoration, the Japanese shirked their isolationist ideals and began to openly embrace American and European influences, the most likely explanation for why the koto has taken on many different variations of itself.
465:. It was first introduced to Japan from China in the 7th and 8th centuries. The first known version had five strings, which eventually increased to seven strings. The Japanese koto belongs to the Asian zither family that also comprises the Chinese
881:
can tighten by pulling the string from behind, or sitting at the side of the koto, although the latter is much harder and requires much arm strength. Some instruments may have tuning pins (like a piano) installed, to make tuning easier.
875:
strings, typically yellow in color, are still made, despite their higher price and lower durability than modern strings; some musicians prefer them, perceiving a difference in sound quality to modern strings. The strings are tied with a
740:
at the age of 62. He also invented the popular 17-string bass koto, created new playing techniques, advanced traditional forms, and most importantly increased the koto's popularity. He performed abroad and by 1928 his piece for koto and
820:), although treatment of the wood varies tremendously between artisans. A koto may or may not be adorned. Adornments include inlays of ivory and ebony, tortoise shell, metal figures, etc. The wood is also cut into two patterns,
1817:
Throughout the centuries, the zheng became the parent instrument of the Asian zither family as it spread from China to a number of adjacent countries giving birth to the
Japanese koto, the Korean kayagum and the Vietnamese dan
442:
in reference to an ancient string instrument in this usage. Variations of the instrument were eventually created, and eventually a few of them would become the standard variations for modern day koto. The four types of koto
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is the newest addition to the koto family, surfacing in the 19th century. It was purposefully created to extend the range of the instrument and advance the style of play. These were made with 17, 21, and 31 strings.
320:
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has also made the koto accessible to
Western music readers with the publication of two books for solo koto using Western notation. The current generation of koto players, such as American performers
582:). It was a popular instrument among the wealthy; the instrument was considered a romantic one. Some literary and historical records indicate that solo pieces for koto existed centuries before
1719:
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782:, who as a child was Miyagi's favored disciple, has been the largest driving force behind the internationalization and modernization of the koto. Her arrangement of composer
1291:, garnering additional exposure to Western audiences for the instrument. In November 2011, worldwide audiences were further exposed to the koto when she performed with
321:
1281:
leads her KotoYuki band in Los
Angeles. Her compositions blend the timbres of world music with her native Japanese culture. She performed on the Grammy-winning album
1236:"You Can Play Koto". Obata is one of the few koto performers to perform concertos with United States orchestras, having done so on multiple occasions, including with
709:). Around the 1920s, Goro Morita created a new version of the two-stringed koto. On this koto, one would push down buttons above the metal strings like the western
636:. These two have relatively stayed the same, with the exception of material innovations such as the use of plastic, as well as modern material for the strings. The
1413:
838:. The straight lined pattern is easier to manufacture, so the swirl raises the cost of production, and is therefore reserved for decorative and elegant models.
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The kayagum, the most popular South Korean instrument, is a 12-string half-tube plucked zither (H/S 312.22.5) (Plate 7). It resembles the
Chinese
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1359:
624:, as its design for the blind led to a decline in use; other koto proved more useful. The two main koto varieties still used today are the
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17:
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The influence of
Western pop music has made the koto less prominent in Japan, although it is still developing as an instrument. The
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For every part of the koto, there is a traditional name which connects with the opinion that the body of a koto resembles that of a
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In March 2010, the koto received widespread international attention when a video linked by the Grammy Award-winning hard rock band
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who vastly extended the limited selection of only six traditional koto songs to a brand-new style of koto music which he called
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falls deeply in love with a mysterious woman whom he has never seen before, after hearing her playing the koto from a distance.
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1912:
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ways of tuning; and with this change, a new style of koto was born. Yatsuhashi is now known as the "Father of Modern Koto".
1364:
1189:. There are also 20-, 21-, and 25-string koto. Works are being written for 20- and 25-string koto and 17-string bass koto.
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Johnson, Henry M (2003). "Traditions Old and New: Continuity, Change, and Innovation in Japanese "Koto"-Related Zithers".
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a lot of unsourced and redlinked additions in this section to artists who possibly fail Knowledge's notability criteria.
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approximately 182 centimetres (72 in), where in the past it ranged from 152 to 194 centimetres (60 to 76 in).
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1434:
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was used in paper so the fine silk was in abundance in Japan. As of the beginning of the 19th century, an ivory called
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Johnson, Henry (1996). ""A Koto" by Any Other name: Exploring Japanese Systems of Musical Instrument Classification".
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60:
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Johnson, Henry M. (1996). "Koto manufacture: The Instrument, Construction Process, and Aesthetic Considerations".
941:. One end of the koto, noticeable because of the removable colorful fabricshell, is known as the "dragon's head"
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1493:
491:. This variety of instrument came in two basic forms, a zither that had bridges and a zither without bridges.
1283:
383:) is the general term for all string instruments in the Japanese language, including instruments such as the
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are well known for using traditional Japanese musical instruments in many of their songs, an example being
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2012:
Wade, Bonnie C. Music in Japan: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. Oxford: Oxford Univ., 2005. Print.
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778:(1937–1997) have written and performed works that continue to advance the instrument. Sawai's widow
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used a koto on the instrumental song "The Red Flower of Tachai Blooms Everywhere" from the album
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The strings are made from a variety of materials. Various types of plastic strings are popular.
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Miyazaki, Mayumi (Fall 1999). "Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography".
1518:
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449:) were all created by different subcultures, but also adapted to change the playing style.
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1979:
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592:, the koto was used as imagery and other extra music significance. In one part of
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instrument, and the national instrument of Japan. It is derived from the Chinese
1534:" by PianoRock feat. Dean McNeill also prominently features a synthesized koto.
1378:, recorded his wife Emi playing the koto on his song "Koto Girl" from the album
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790:" for four prepared bass koto was a landmark in the modern era of koto music.
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1991:
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Han Mei (2005). "Hugo's window on the world of Chinese zheng". CD REVIEWS.
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Other solo performers outside Japan include award-winning recording artist
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Japanese developments in bridgeless zithers include the one-stringed koto (
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1815:(16–17). Leiden: European Foundation for Chinese Music Research: 242–245.
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2716:
2685:
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2511:
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1338:
1310:" for six bass and two bass koto. Larner had previously played koto with
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on its website became a viral hit. The video showed Tokyo-based ensemble
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258:. Koto are roughly 180 centimetres (71 in) in length, and made from
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2726:
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1889:. All these instruments descend from a common model, the ancient zheng.
1797:(international ed.). Minnesota: Americana Corp. 1966. p. 400.
1501:
1485:
1421:
1411:, uses it on his 15-minute song "The Hunger" from his debut solo album
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used for tuning, different pieces possibly requiring different tuning.
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1351:(1977). The multi-instrumentalist, founder, and former guitarist of
1185:) has become more prominent over the years since its development by
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Perhaps the most important influence on the development of koto was
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1983:
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2090:"Contemporary Music for Japanese Instruments: Sawai Koto Ensemble"
588:, the music of the solo koto genre, was established. According to
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Music, by Willem Adriaansz (University of California Press, 1973)
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253:
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1968:"The Yatsuhashi-Ryu. A Seventeenth Century School of Koto Music"
37:
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2836:
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prominently features a synthesized koto on two of its tracks, "
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245:
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80:
2116:
The History of Musical Instruments in Japan and Visual Sources
1504:
song "It Will Be a Good Day (The River)", from the 1999 album
1225:
are popular 17-string koto players in the modern music scene.
757:("Spring Sea") had been transcribed for numerous instruments.
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2948:
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1600:
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651:
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in ensembles. Koto strings are generally plucked using three
210:
134:
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2279:"Japan". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. July 30, 2008.
1306:
playing member Brett Larner's arrangement of the Tool song "
274:). The most common type uses 13 strings strung over movable
2902:
2427:
1210:
872:
2805:
2303:
New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. Inc. Publishers.
2194:"I'll Try Something New by A Taste of Honey on Soul Train"
2023:"sian Instrument Collection in the Beckwith Music Library"
2286:
The Koto: A Traditional Instrument in Contemporary Japan.
1046:. The other end of the koto is called the "dragon's tail"
650:(1614–1685). Yatsuhashi was a gifted blind musician from
925:, while the bottom part is called the "dragon's stomach"
1616:
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132:
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296:), worn on the first three fingers of the right hand.
291:
269:
1634:
1625:
1598:
1589:
466:
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420:
200:
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2372:– Koto no koto: the website with general information
1607:
732:(1868–1912), Western music was introduced to Japan.
476:
251:
224:
216:
141:
2294:
Traditional Japanese Music and Musical Instruments.
1771:. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. 266–267.
1768:
Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan
909:. Thus, the top part is called the "dragon's shell"
832:), which has a swirling pattern, or straight-lined
2134:"Reiko Obata Performs with Orchestra Nova on KPBS"
2064:
2054:Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society
1831:
1403:, a song in which the koto has a prominent place.
957:, consisting of parts such as the "dragon's horns"
2296:(Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Kodansha International.
3158:
2321:: A Traditional Instrument in Contemporary Japan
2249:"Battle of Evermore (Acoustic Piano & Koto)"
1580:
1476:". A synthesized koto appears in their cover of
484:
232:
150:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1556:
1468:". A koto played by Hazel Payne is featured in
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978:
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950:
934:
918:
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1550:
1526:" and "The Message". A 2020 acoustic cover of
1396:
1269:for over two decades. Another Sawai disciple,
1209:, are finding places for the koto in today's
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1011:
995:
985:
960:
944:
928:
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2391:
1318:, and members of indie rock groups including
2164:"Sukiyaki by A Taste of Honey on Soul Train"
1904:Japan: Your Passport to a New World of Music
1707:
1472:'s 1981 English cover of the Japanese song "
770:Since Miyagi's time, many composers such as
1488:used a koto in the instrumental break of
2828:
2814:
2398:
2384:
2227:. New York: Billboard Books. p. 269.
427:. The term is used today in the same way.
327:13-stringed koto performance of the song "
2029:. Bowdoin College Library. Archived from
1965:
1669:
1141:Learn how and when to remove this message
457:The ancestor of the koto was the Chinese
2407:Traditional Japanese musical instruments
2113:
1166:
1152:
857:
801:
680:
493:
2225:The Billboard Book of Number One Albums
2051:
1930:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1745:
1341:used a koto in the instrumental piece "
1251:, who also studied for a decade at the
666:tunings, which were based on the older
14:
3159:
1829:
1265:(grandmaster) and member of Fukuoka's
419:, it indicates the Chinese instrument
2809:
2379:
2222:
1926:
1924:
1900:
1823:
1171:Michiyo Yagi playing a 21-string koto
685:Fumie Hihara playing a 13-string koto
1838:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1801:
1764:
1741:
1739:
1091:
568:The modern koto originates from the
2301:The History of Musical Instruments.
24:
3136:Musical Instrument Factory of Riga
2308:
1921:
902:became the standard for the koto.
348:
301:
27:Japanese plucked string instrument
25:
3193:
2354:
1736:
1500:. Howe also played a koto on the
1907:. Alfred Publishing. p. 7.
1794:Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 2
1096:
553:being an older pronunciation of
446:gakuso, chikuso, zokuso, tagenso
339:Problems playing this file? See
317:
36:
2361:Koto, early 17th century, Japan
2241:
2216:
2186:
2174:from the original on 2021-12-11
2156:
2144:from the original on 2021-12-11
2126:
2107:
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2045:
2015:
2006:
1959:
1894:
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763:is even played to welcome each
207:, and similar to the Mongolian
73:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
2365:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
2346:
2340:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2277:Edmonds, Richard Louis et al.
1785:
1758:
1724:
1695:
1464:keyboard for the band's song "
574:used in Japanese court music (
13:
1:
2270:
1537:
1358:played the koto in the song "
1337:In older pop and rock music,
1284:Miho: Journey to the Mountain
1087:
3172:Japanese musical instruments
2094:National Museum of Asian Art
1565:/ ALM Records ALCD-76 (2008)
1295:at the Latin Grammy Awards.
1022:, the holes for the strings)
810:A koto is typically made of
282:are also common, and act as
7:
2835:
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1644:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
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1116:. The specific problem is:
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502:of a woman playing the koto
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475:in the family), the Korean
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10:
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3182:Japanese words and phrases
2096:. Smithsonian Instittution
1966:Adriaansz, Willem (1971).
1933:The Galpin Society Journal
1834:Korean musical instruments
1221:. The members of the band
1068:is called the "cloud horn"
452:
413:, and so on. When read as
3128:
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1765:Deal, William E. (2006).
1551:
1397:
1273:, holds down a school in
1231:of the jazz fusion group
1072:
1050:
1028:
1012:
996:
986:
961:
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913:
697:) and two-stringed koto (
678:with 20 or more strings.
660:. Yatsuhashi changed the
555:
375:
367:
359:
172:
114:
107:
99:
91:
71:
59:
51:
44:
35:
18:Koto (musical instrument)
1866:, Japanese koto, Korean
1662:
1460:sampled a koto using an
786:'s prepared piano duet "
728:At the beginning of the
471:(ancestral to the other
373:is often used. However,
2344:Traditions of Japanese
1901:Speed, Burgess (2008).
1682:Encyclopædia Britannica
1024:and "dragon's forehead"
79:(Heterochord half-tube
1830:Howard, Keith (1995).
1581:
1532:The Battle of Evermore
1498:self-titled 1982 album
1482:I'll Try Something New
1432:" on their 1975 album
1428:used a (toy) koto in "
1172:
1164:
1040:– the space above the
868:
807:
686:
507:meanings changed. The
503:
485:
306:
233:
151:
2223:Rosen, Craig (1996).
1414:Theoretically Chinese
1328:Jackie O Motherfucker
1170:
1156:
861:
851:) used to be made of
805:
684:
498:An 1878 depiction by
497:
483:, and the Vietnamese
305:
280:Seventeen-string koto
3106:Appalachian dulcimer
2323:, by Henry Johnson (
2292:Malm, W. P. (2000).
2283:Johnson, H. (2004).
2140:. 2 September 2011.
1435:A Night at the Opera
1320:Camper Van Beethoven
1267:Chikushi Koto School
1160:Himejijo kangetsukai
1123:improve this section
1112:to meet Knowledge's
973:– the saddle of the
3080:Tambourine de Bearn
3000:Epinette des Vosges
2937:West and South Asia
1360:Take It Or Leave It
1289:Paul Winter Consort
1177:17-string bass koto
992:– "dragon's tongue"
713:. It was named the
590:Japanese literature
265:Paulownia tomentosa
109:Related instruments
83:sounded with three
66:Stringed instrument
32:
2299:Sachs, C. (1940).
1494:Heat of the Moment
1430:The Prophet's Song
1384:(2000). Rock band
1353:The Rolling Stones
1249:Elizabeth Falconer
1215:experimental music
1201:, Japanese master
1173:
1165:
869:
808:
687:
504:
353:The character for
307:
30:
3154:
3153:
3124:
3123:
3010:Hammered dulcimer
2803:
2802:
2783:
2782:
2635:
2634:
2592:
2591:
2499:
2498:
2289:Amsterdam: Hotei.
2033:on 2 October 2013
1972:Acta Musicologica
1914:978-0-7390-4303-5
1849:978-0-19-586177-8
1558:Chinmoku no Tsuki
1449:Spectral Mornings
1257:Linda Kako Caplan
1253:Sawai Koto School
1151:
1150:
1143:
1114:quality standards
1105:This section may
1008:, "dragon's eyes"
765:New Year in Japan
648:Yatsuhashi Kengyo
611:was made for the
600:titular character
595:The Tale of Genji
559:) was called the
322:
231:, the Vietnamese
163:
162:
46:String instrument
16:(Redirected from
3189:
3111:Mexican salterio
2893:Indonesian siter
2848:
2847:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2644:
2643:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2418:
2417:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2253:Open.spotify.com
2245:
2239:
2238:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2200:. Archived from
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1837:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1705:
1703:Digital Daijisen
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1673:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1470:A Taste of Honey
1407:, the singer of
1402:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1279:Yukiko Matsuyama
1264:
1240:for San Diego's
1184:
1162:
1157:Koto concert at
1146:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1005:
999:
998:
991:
989:
988:
982:
972:
970:
964:
963:
956:
954:
948:
947:
940:
938:
932:
931:
924:
922:
916:
915:
901:
895:
889:
866:
850:
837:
831:
825:
819:
774:(1924–2012) and
762:
756:
748:
720:
708:
702:
696:
673:
665:
659:
641:
635:
629:
623:
616:
610:
605:The koto of the
587:
581:
573:
564:
558:
557:
552:
546:
540:
532:
526:
520:
512:
490:
482:
470:
464:
448:
441:
426:
418:
412:
406:
400:
394:
388:
378:
377:
372:
371:
364:
363:
324:
323:
313:Koto performance
304:
295:
273:
257:
249:
238:
230:
222:
214:
206:
198:
189:half-tube zither
183:
181:
180:
156:
147:
138:
129:
55:13-stringed koto
40:
33:
29:
21:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3120:
3094:
3075:Streichmelodion
2973:
2932:
2839:
2834:
2804:
2799:
2779:
2753:
2700:
2631:
2615:
2598:
2588:
2565:
2513:
2495:
2479:
2409:
2404:
2357:
2311:
2309:Further reading
2306:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2076:Credo Reference
2070:
2069:
2065:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
1964:
1960:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1850:
1828:
1824:
1809:
1802:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1572:
1561:
1548:
1545:Silenziosa Luna
1540:
1394:
1376:guitar virtuoso
1362:" on the album
1345:" on his album
1271:Masayo Ishigure
1147:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1069:
1060:
1047:
1025:
1009:
993:
983:
958:
942:
926:
910:
814:wood (known as
800:
533:was called the
521:was called the
500:Settei Hasegawa
455:
434:appears in the
351:
349:Names and types
346:
345:
337:
335:
334:
333:
332:
325:
318:
315:
308:
302:
250:and the Kazakh
169:
159:
78:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Bowed psaltery
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:Persian santur
2956:
2954:Indian santoor
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2691:San-no-tsuzumi
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2356:
2355:External links
2353:
2352:
2351:
2330:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2281:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2240:
2233:
2215:
2185:
2155:
2125:
2106:
2081:
2063:
2044:
2014:
2005:
1984:10.2307/932501
1978:(1/2): 55–93.
1958:
1945:10.2307/842391
1920:
1913:
1893:
1848:
1822:
1800:
1784:
1777:
1757:
1735:
1723:
1706:
1694:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1576:17-string koto
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1539:
1536:
1516:'s 1999 album
1496:", from their
1381:Alligator Farm
1287:(2010) by the
1255:in Tokyo, and
1238:Orchestra Nova
1149:
1148:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1086:
806:Detail of koto
799:
796:
738:train accident
454:
451:
350:
347:
336:
326:
316:
311:
310:
309:
300:
299:
298:
260:Paulownia wood
184:is a Japanese
161:
160:
158:
157:
148:
139:
130:
121:
119:17-string koto
115:
112:
111:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
75:
69:
68:
63:
61:Classification
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3194:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Oscar Schmidt
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:Manufacturers
3127:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2696:Den-den daiko
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2234:0-8230-7586-9
2230:
2226:
2219:
2204:on 2016-03-14
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:, Vietnamese
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1778:0-8160-5622-6
1774:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1720:Kotobank koto
1715:
1713:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1559:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1444:Steve Hackett
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1275:New York City
1272:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1229:June Kuramoto
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:Michio Miyagi
1183:
1178:
1169:
1161:
1155:
1145:
1142:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1067:
1058:
1044:
1036:
1020:
1004:
981:
976:
969:
953:
937:
921:
908:
903:
900:
894:
888:
882:
879:
874:
865:
860:
856:
854:
849:
845:The bridges (
843:
839:
836:
830:
826:(also called
824:
818:
813:
804:
795:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
761:
755:
754:
747:
746:
739:
735:
734:Michio Miyagi
731:
726:
724:
723:Taishō period
719:
718:
712:
707:
701:
695:
694:
683:
679:
675:
672:
671:
664:
663:tsukushi goto
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
634:
628:
622:
615:
609:
603:
601:
597:
596:
591:
586:
580:
579:
572:
566:
563:
551:
545:
539:
538:
531:
525:
519:
518:
511:
501:
496:
492:
489:
488:
481:
480:
474:
469:
463:
462:
450:
447:
440:
439:
433:
428:
425:
424:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
387:
382:
370:
362:
356:
344:
342:
330:
329:Sakura Sakura
314:
297:
294:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
267:
266:
261:
256:
255:
248:
247:
242:
237:
236:
229:
228:
221:
220:
215:, the Korean
213:
212:
205:
204:
197:
196:
190:
187:
179:
175:
168:
155:
154:
149:
146:
145:
140:
137:
136:
131:
128:
127:
122:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
76:
74:
70:
67:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
3177:Koto players
3167:Tube zithers
3090:Violinzither
2964:Iraqi santur
2907:
2437:
2370:Koto no Koto
2300:
2293:
2285:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2224:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2202:the original
2197:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2167:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2098:. Retrieved
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2037:28 September
2035:. Retrieved
2031:the original
2026:
2017:
2008:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1936:
1932:
1903:
1896:
1874:, Mongolian
1853:
1833:
1825:
1816:
1812:
1793:
1787:
1767:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1732:Kotobank kin
1726:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1680:
1671:
1543:
1528:Led Zeppelin
1524:Still D.R.E.
1517:
1512:
1505:
1478:The Miracles
1456:keyboardist
1452:(1979), and
1447:
1433:
1419:
1412:
1405:Winston Tong
1380:
1374:, a popular
1372:Paul Gilbert
1370:
1363:
1346:
1336:
1316:Jim O'Rourke
1297:
1282:
1246:
1227:
1207:Michiyo Yagi
1199:Miya Masaoka
1182:jūshichi-gen
1174:
1137:
1128:
1121:Please help
1117:
1106:
904:
883:
870:
844:
840:
809:
798:Construction
792:
788:Three Dances
769:
730:Meiji Period
727:
688:
676:
645:
614:Tsukushigato
604:
593:
567:
505:
456:
431:
429:
380:
354:
352:
338:
263:
166:
164:
103:16th century
2770:Kagura suzu
2744:Shakubyoshi
2681:Tsuri-daiko
2669:Shime-daiko
1748:Asian Music
1492:'s single "
1356:Brian Jones
1343:Moss Garden
1339:David Bowie
1259:, Canadian
1203:Kazue Sawai
1195:Reiko Obata
1191:Reiko Obata
1125:if you can.
899:makura zuno
780:Kazue Sawai
776:Tadao Sawai
760:Haru no Umi
753:Haru no Umi
706:yakumo goto
544:sau no koto
530:kin no koto
410:nanagen-kin
398:yamato-goto
386:kin no koto
365:, although
288:fingerpicks
268:, known as
92:Inventor(s)
52:Other names
3161:Categories
3070:Scheitholt
3065:Psalterium
2969:Swarmandal
2888:Ichigenkin
2727:Ita-sasara
2640:Percussion
2584:Shakuhachi
2512:Flutes and
2470:Yamatogoto
2433:Ichigenkin
2271:References
2100:2022-12-18
2060:: 181–229.
1688:2008-03-18
1646:Taishōgoto
1538:Recordings
1507:The Ladder
1486:Steve Howe
1458:Tony Banks
1442:guitarist
1409:Tuxedomoon
1332:Mr. Bungle
1312:John Fahey
1088:Koto today
1066:string nut
1043:makurazuno
980:makurazono
893:makura ito
887:makura ito
878:half hitch
745:shakuhachi
721:after the
717:taishōgoto
693:ichigenkin
541:, and the
517:yamatogoto
392:sō no koto
341:media help
3050:Langeleik
2863:Đàn tranh
2851:East Asia
2844:By region
2732:Binzasara
2597:Free-reed
2574:Hichiriki
2531:Kagurabue
1992:0001-6241
1939:: 38–64.
1884:Sundanese
1880:đàn tranh
1583:Đàn tranh
1391:"Utakata"
1365:Aftermath
1308:Lateralus
1262:daishihan
1244:in 2010.
1233:Hiroshima
1219:pop music
1217:and even
812:Paulownia
784:John Cage
772:Kimio Eto
565:or koto.
510:azumagoto
487:đàn tranh
430:The term
241:Sundanese
235:đàn tranh
153:Đàn tranh
100:Developed
85:plectrums
3116:Tremoloa
3099:Americas
3085:Tsymbaly
3060:Psaltery
3055:Langspil
2995:Cimbalom
2985:Autoharp
2923:Yanggeum
2873:Geomungo
2868:Gayageum
2739:Kokiriko
2712:Hyōshigi
2664:Ōtsuzumi
2579:Hotchiku
2556:Shinobue
2465:Shamisen
2258:20 April
2172:Archived
2148:11 March
2142:Archived
2122:: 51–56.
1868:gayageum
1754:: 38–64.
1610:Gayageum
1570:See also
1474:Sukiyaki
1462:Emulator
1417:(1985).
1368:(1966).
1348:"Heroes"
1324:Deerhoof
1131:May 2023
1107:require
1003:ryūzetsu
867:(bridge)
711:autoharp
700:nigenkin
657:kumi uta
479:gayageum
219:gayageum
144:Gayageum
77:312.22–6
3030:Kanklės
3020:Kantele
2928:Yazheng
2918:Yangqin
2883:Guzheng
2837:Zithers
2795:Mukkuri
2717:Mokugyo
2674:Tsuzumi
2627:Horagai
2561:Yokobue
2551:Ryūteki
2541:Minteki
2536:Komabue
2526:Gakubue
2475:Tonkori
2458:Kankara
2448:Sanshin
2421:Plucked
2341:Danmono
2335:Kumiuta
2329:, 2004)
2208:17 June
2198:Youtube
2178:4 March
2168:Youtube
2138:Youtube
2027:Bowdoin
1860:yazheng
1856:guzheng
1592:Guzheng
1514:Dr. Dre
1454:Genesis
1440:Genesis
1386:Kagrra,
1293:Shakira
1163:in 2009
1109:cleanup
1035:ryūgaku
977:or the
968:ryūkaku
936:ryūfuku
639:tagenso
621:chikuso
608:chikuso
585:sōkyoku
473:zithers
461:guzheng
453:History
276:bridges
254:jetigen
186:plucked
3035:Kokles
3025:Kannel
3015:Hummel
2978:Europe
2898:Kacapi
2858:Ajaeng
2788:Others
2722:Sasara
2705:Blocks
2453:Gottan
2414:String
2231:
2072:"Koto"
2000:932501
1998:
1990:
1953:842391
1951:
1911:
1887:kacapi
1882:, and
1872:ajaeng
1846:
1818:tranh.
1775:
1677:"Koto"
1655:Gagaku
1628:Santur
1619:Kacapi
1330:, and
1304:Soemon
1205:, and
1079:unkaku
1064:; the
1019:ryūgan
975:bridge
907:dragon
835:masame
829:mokume
670:gagaku
633:zokuso
627:gakuso
598:, the
578:gagaku
571:gakusō
527:, the
438:Kojiki
246:kacapi
239:, the
227:ajaeng
95:Kenjun
81:zither
3146:Tōkai
3040:Kusle
3005:Gusli
2949:Nuzhe
2944:Kanun
2878:Guqin
2765:Shōko
2758:Gongs
2749:Sanba
2659:Taiko
2654:Kakko
2647:Drums
2620:Horns
2599:pipes
2546:Nōkan
2514:oboes
2491:Kokyū
2484:Bowed
2326:Hotei
1996:JSTOR
1949:JSTOR
1876:yatga
1813:Chime
1730:(ja)
1718:(ja)
1701:(ja)
1663:Notes
1601:Guqin
1438:. Ex-
1426:Queen
1424:band
1057:ryūbi
952:ryūzu
920:ryūkō
853:ivory
823:itame
652:Kyoto
524:wagon
468:zheng
423:guqin
404:wagon
293:tsume
211:yatga
195:zheng
135:Yatga
126:Zheng
3045:Krez
2908:Koto
2903:Khim
2775:Kane
2686:Ikko
2504:Wind
2443:Kugo
2438:Koto
2428:Biwa
2347:Koto
2338:and
2332:The
2318:Koto
2315:The
2260:2021
2229:ISBN
2210:2012
2180:2012
2150:2014
2039:2013
1988:ISSN
1909:ISBN
1870:and
1862:and
1844:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1552:沈黙の月
1530:'s "
1519:2001
1490:Asia
1466:Mama
1422:rock
1420:The
1398:うたかた
1300:Tool
1242:KPBS
1223:Rin'
1211:jazz
1197:and
884:The
873:Silk
817:kiri
630:and
432:koto
381:koto
355:koto
284:bass
271:kiri
223:and
199:and
167:koto
165:The
31:Koto
2606:Shō
2363:at
1980:doi
1941:doi
1502:Yes
1484:".
1480:' "
703:or
550:sau
537:kin
513:or
416:kin
357:is
176:or
3163::
2913:Se
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1976:43
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1084:.
1076:,
1073:雲角
1054:,
1051:竜尾
1032:,
1029:竜額
1016:,
1013:竜眼
1000:,
997:竜舌
987:枕角
965:,
962:竜角
949:,
946:竜頭
933:,
930:竜腹
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914:竜甲
864:Ji
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562:sō
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