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1286:'s birth. The poet is surrounded by four lower groups which symbolize: Homeland i.e. Poland (from the face of the monument), Science – an old man with a boy (from the side of Florianska Street), Poetry (from the side of the Church of St. Wojciech), and Patriotism and Valour (facing Sukiennice). The monument was designed by
1380:. Monument to Unknown Soldiers who fell during the Kraków's liberation in 1945 was made by Karol Muszkiet and Marcin Bukowski in 1945. Sculpture entitled "Polonia" near the Church of Franciscans presents the mother, holding a baby in her arms, with a weasel and two dogs. It was made by Genowefa Nowak in 1968. Monument of
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are sprinkled with poppy-seeds. Today, sellers offer a whole variety of them; apart from poppy-seed, there are also sesame seed, rock salt and even pizza sprinkles. One can eat them while strolling or in a horse-drawn carriage while cruising around and glancing at yet another symbol of the old city,
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survived till this day. A chest with 4,200 iron axes weighing about 4 tons was found in a basement of a house at
Kanoniczna 19 street. These axes were commonly known under the name of "płacidłos" which is a word derived from the Polish verb "płacić" – to pay. As it happens the axes were a main legal
899:. The Old Town was plundered and many works of art were stolen. Museums, schools and theatres were closed. Professors were arrested. Jewish synagogues were devastated, despoiled of ceremonial objects and turned into storehouses for ammunition, firefighting equipment and Nazi general storage sites.
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during the period of regional disintegration of Poland, attempted to go to Rome with financial offerings in order to gain papal approval for his coronation. However, a certain enchantress turned his knights into pigeons. They pecked out some pebbles from the walls of St. Mary's Church, which then
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settlement called Okół were found. This settlement, the beginnings of which can be dated at least back to the early ninth century, was surrounded by an enormous oak palisade and, in the place where now the
Straszewska and St. Gertrude's streets run, by one of Vistula's arms. Near
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Moreover, the Square in the city centre is a place where many famous people and many important events were and are commemorated. There are plaques dedicated to the oath of
Tadeusz Kościuszko in 1794, to Prussian Homage in 1525, and to supporting the renovation of
608:. The value of the treasure chest is the greatest to be discovered thus far and testifies to Kraków's significant wealth and power in the region. At Wawel's foot, in the place where now Kanoniczna, Grodzka and other neighboring streets are located, remains of a
1130:, Church of St. Ann, Church of St. Barbara, Church and Monastery of Franciscans, Church of St. Giles, St. John's The Baptist and St. John's The Evangelist Church, Reformatory Church of St. Casimir, Church of Our Lady of Snows, Church of St. Martin,
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cabaret, created by renowned local artists, and a students’ club Pod
Jaszczurami. The club is a legend in academic cultural circles. It is a popular place of meetings for the academic environment of Kraków where visitors are always welcome.
801:. In spite of these political developments, Kraków in a sense remained important for Polish patriots. The city's many cultural monuments became national memorials and the only representation of national identity for the next century.
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Medieval Kraków was surrounded by a 3 km (1.9 mi) defensive wall complete with 46 towers and seven main entrances leading through them. The fortifications around the Old Town were erected over the course of two centuries. The current
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During the first half of the 18th century, some outstanding works of art were created by fine architects including Kacper Bażanka and
Franciszek Placidi. The culture of the Baroque era left a lasting mark on this part of the city.
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was awarded to Kraków in 1000 and around that time, it became the residence of Polish kings for centuries to come. The history of the old city of Kraków revolves mainly around its Old Town
District of today. Here, the
1364:). It was made by Alfred Daun in 1884. Monument of Florian Straszewski also at Planty Park is an obelisk erected in honour of co-originator of the Park and made by Edward Stehlik in 1874. The bust of comedy writer
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1309:, made by Tomas Oscar Sosnowski and raised in 1886 in celebration of the quincentenary of the Union between Poland and Lithuania; and the Monument of Lilia Weneda at Planty Park, erected to commemorate poet
1400:. It was cast in bronze in 1900 and erected around 1920 by the newly established Tadeusz Kościuszko Society to celebrate the return of Poland's independence. New sculpture "Eros Bendato" made by
1557:. Its name refers to townsman Mikołaj Wierzynek and a feast held by him in the 14th century. The artistic café, Jama Michalika, boasts over a hundred years of literary traditions. Here the
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Museum of the
Jagiellonian University, including the Palace of Bishop Erazm Ciołek (on Kanoniczna). Two major theatres are also located there: the Old Theatre, and the most famous
687:. Kraków instantly became the capital of a large monarchy which propelled the city's political and cultural development. Many great artists did their work in Kraków at that time.
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The first mention of Kraków dates back to the second half of the ninth century. By the end of tenth century the city was incorporated into the Polish state under the rule of
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and others to do this task. As a result, Kanoniczna Street became a part of the Old Town. It carries many features that are typical for that period. With the passing of
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The Old Town district of Kraków is home to about six thousand historic sites and more than two million works of art. Its rich variety of historic architecture includes
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depicting him as an established scholar. It was made by
Godebski in 1900. Grażyna Monument at Planty Park presents characters from Adam Mickiewicz's poem entitled "
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939:. The architectural design of the Old Town has survived many cataclysms of the past and has retained the original form that was established in medieval times.
1022:, but while on his way he lost everything and never managed to reach his destination. He returned to Kraków. None of his knights ever regained a human form.
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1290:, cast in Rome, and ceremonially unveiled on 16 June 1898. It is a key part of the Market Square panorama and a place of meetings for many young people.
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and Bracka street - another discovery was made. Found here were the relics of craft workshops and of dwelling houses which were originally raised near
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and the prince's court provided a strong intellectual atmosphere. Since the 14th century, Kraków was the site of royal coronations. Under
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Many renowned points of interest in the Old Town, drawing a constant stream of visitors, include galleries as well as departments of the
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Today the Old Town attracts visitors from all over the world. The historic centre is one of 14 places in Poland that are included on the
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268:, Poland. It is one of the most famous old districts in Poland today and was the centre of Poland's political life from 1038 until King
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In the 19th century most of the Old Town fortifications were demolished. The moat encircling the walls was filled in and turned into a
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was constructed. It is located at Holy Ghost Square. The theatre was built in place of an old hospital that was run by the
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churches were converted into the spirit of the
Baroque era and were fitted with new altars, sculptures, and paintings.
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of Stare Miasto – the 13th-century merchants' town – was drawn up in 1257 after the destruction of the city during the
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Throughout the year the Old Town is lively and crowded. There are many tourists, indefatigable florists, and lined up
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buildings. Kraków's palaces, churches, theatres and mansions display great variety of color, architectural details,
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in 1901. Monument of Piotr
Skrzynecki is in front of the Vis-á-vis café on the Main Market Square. The monument of
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Numerous legends purport to explain the presence of numerous pigeons on the Main Square. According to one legend,
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worked in the Old Town, which was also the place where numerous political independence movements were born.
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The Old Town district has a profusion of bronze statues and marble monuments. The most pronounced is the
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entered Kraków and forced the German army to withdraw. Kraków emerged as a city in the newly established
352:), Church of St. Barbara, as well as other national treasures. At the centre of the plaza, surrounded by
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989:" Restaurant and Club "Pod Jaszczurami". Numerous events, concerts and exhibitions are organized there.
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is featured in front of the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre, near the Planty Park. It was made by Professor
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at Basztowa Street, showing harpist with a guide boy, made in 1886 by Pius Welonski; the Monument of
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of 1241 followed by raids of 1259 and repelled in 1287. The district features the centrally located
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showing a character from the poet's drama playing a harp, made by Alfred Daun in 1884. Across from
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stands in front of the Church of St. Franciscans. It was made from August Zamoyski's 1976 design.
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State by uniting with each other. Numerous remains of a once massive earth embankment encircling
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There are many cafes, pubs and clubs, which are located in medieval basements and cellars with
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along which a new monarch would parade to the place of his coronation at Wawel Cathedral. The
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which is also named "Stare Miasto", although it covers a wider area than the Old Town itself.
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waiting to give a ride. The place is always vibrant with life especially in and around the
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was established. Kraków became the centre of museology in Poland. Famous artists such as
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situated at the Main Marketplace between the St. Mary's Church and the eastern side of
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of any European city. There is a number of historic landmarks in its vicinity, such as
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On 6 September 1939, German forces entered Kraków. The city became the capital of the
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gave the city some of his artistic and patriotic collections. Three years later, the
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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Tarnowskie Góry Lead-Silver-Zinc Mine and its Underground Water Management System
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in 1938 and erected in honour of the first president of Kraków. The monument to
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was rebuilt to include the architectural features of the Italian Renaissance.
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had many arms which in turn formed several little islands in Kraków's centre.
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were stored and, back in early Middle Ages, a cathedral school was erected.
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namely Kraków pigeons. One can also come across various buskers and mimes.
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the Mannerist Architectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park
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370:(currently housing gift shops, restaurants and merchant stalls) with the
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Other well-known monuments include the monument commemorating the poet
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are all located there. While near the monument, one can listen to the
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became a prominent patron of the arts. Under his direction, architect
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at "Magiczny Kraków" City's official website, ACK Cyfronet AGH, 2009.
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UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Washington, D.C. 5–8 September 1978.
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The entire medieval old town is among the first sites chosen for the
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Among the best-known places to visit in and around the Old Town is
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Around 700 A.D., local tribes initiated the process of forming the
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but it is extremely difficult to establish when they were built.
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sculptured by Leonardo Marconi and Antoni Popiel is featured at
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The extended list of Catholic churches in the Old Town include:
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Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine
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Published by Macmillan, page 444. Let's Go Publications, 2008.
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In 1386 the Polish throne was entrusted to Lithuanian prince
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German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)
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UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Last updated: 3 September 2010
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turned into gold. With these riches the prince set off to
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ended with their defeat, and in 1795 Poland underwent its
291:. The old town is also one of Poland's official national
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has arisen. At the Main Market Square, there is also the
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and three towers which once marked the starting point of
817:. The liquidation was carried out during the time of the
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Properties inscribed on the World Heritage list, Poland.
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spread through the city and caused substantial damages.
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emerged in the beginning of the 17th century. In Poland
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was one of such islands. It is also possible that Okół,
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parts of a wooden temple were discovered. In those days
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outside the northern flank of the old city walls in the
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Supplementary: "the biggest square in medieval Europe."
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Satellite photograph of the Old Town from Google Maps
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The Old Town saw considerable development during the
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were islands separated from the mainland by moats or
409:) built in 1499, and enters Stare Miasto through the
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421:, the former seat of Polish royalty overlooking the
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439:Main Market Square (view from St. Mary's Basilica)
1700:Andrew Beattie, Landmark Publishing, Tim Pepper,
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723:, the political life of Poland began to move to
683:. Jagiełło founded the next Polish dynasty, the
1561:Cabaret has come into being and the Spirit of
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852:. The building is an example of the Polish
758:. Towards the end of the 17th century, the
417:through the Main Square, and up Grodzka to
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1747:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 72.
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985:ceilings. The most famous places include "
837:was created in the place of the destroyed
797:, after which Kraków became a part of the
653:arms. Also, many structures were found on
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2574:Białowieża Forest / Belovezhskaya Pushcha
2539:Wooden churches of Southern Lesser Poland
1721:Rick Steves' Europe Through the Back Door
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954:in 1257. Tourist attractions such as the
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813:decided to liquidate the long-neglected
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2505:Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region
2466:Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork
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1282:. It was unveiled for the centenary of
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1604:List of World Heritage Sites in Poland
1544:Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts
1329:on the All Saints’ Square was made by
1084:at 19 Św. Jana Street, as well as the
809:In the 19th century, Austrian Emperor
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891:. The oppression of Jews began and a
187:Location of Kraków Old Town in Poland
2311:Museum of the History of Photography
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1001:seller every few steps. Traditional
962:(also known as the Cloth Hall), old
746:worked in Kraków and redesigned the
264:is the historic central district of
1769:History of Adam Mickiewicz Monument
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1180:Church and monastery of Franciscans
308:The Old Town is known in Polish as
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1702:Stare Miasto, the Old Town, Krakow
385:The whole district is bisected by
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1809:
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303:National Heritage Board of Poland
257:Buildings along the Market Square
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2316:Museum of Municipal Engineering
2291:Museum of Independence Movement
2281:Archaeological Museum of Kraków
1751:from the original on 2024-05-31
1082:Czartoryski Museum with Arsenal
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748:Church of Saints Peter and Paul
374:upstairs. It is flanked by the
2625:World Heritage Sites in Poland
2592:shared with 17 other countries
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1711:Published by Hunter Publishing
1394:Monument of Tadeusz Kościuszko
1372:in 1911 is located behind the
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401:suburb of Kleparz; passes the
121:907.35 ha (2,242.1 acres)
1:
2620:Tourist attractions in Kraków
2321:John Paul II Cathedral Museum
2301:Ethnographic Museum of Kraków
2286:Archdiocesal Museum in Kraków
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1136:St. Peter's and Paul's Church
1013:, who tried to take over the
916:under the command of Marshal
856:architectural style. In 1850
314:first administrative district
2630:Historic districts in Poland
2238:Saints Peter and Paul Church
1677:2nd session of the Committee
1092:) with its departments: the
334:largest medieval town square
113:149.65 ha (369.8 acres)
7:
2266:Historical Museum of Kraków
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1276:Monument of Adam Mickiewicz
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1086:Historical Museum of Kraków
922:People's Republic of Poland
556:salesman in Kraków Old Town
312:. It is part of the city's
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2358:Museum of Contemporary Art
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1542:Secession building of the
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1080:Museum at 11 Szczepanska,
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604:tender in the neighboring
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504:Sts. Peter and Paul Church
27:UNESCO World Heritage Site
16:Old town of Kraków, Poland
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2484:Historic Centre of Warsaw
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1794:Kraków Old Town District.
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1070:National Museum in Kraków
869:National Museum in Kraków
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60:Lesser Poland Voivodeship
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20:Historic Centre of Kraków
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2498:Krakow's Historic Centre
2471:Centennial Hall, Wrocław
2091:Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki
1923:Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki
1639:Let's Go: Eastern Europe
1374:Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
1344:Along Planty – near the
1110:Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
968:Adam Mickiewicz Monument
908:On 18 January 1945, the
846:Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
660:The bishops residing at
536:Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
289:Cracow's Historic Centre
2336:Jan Matejko Manor House
2326:National Museum, Kraków
2296:Museum of the Armed Act
1317:stands the Monument of
1102:Jagiellonian University
1026:Architectural monuments
850:Order of the Holy Ghost
844:During this period the
799:Austro-Hungarian Empire
781:In 1794, the armies of
721:the last Jagiellon king
670:Jagiellonian University
372:National Gallery of Art
362:residences, stands the
272:relocated his court to
2509:Medieval Town of Toruń
2348:Polish Aviation Museum
2228:Basilica of Saint Mary
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1264:St. Casimir the Prince
1228:Church of St. Wojciech
1140:Church of St. Wojciech
1134:, Church of St. Marc,
629:. What is more, under
619:Church of St. Wojciech
393:. The Route begins at
346:Church of St. Wojciech
332:, or Main Square, the
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250:
2489:Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
2479:in Jawor and Świdnica
2363:Galicia Jewish Museum
2233:Veit Stoss altarpiece
2139:Wzgórza Krzesławickie
1971:Wzgórza Krzesławickie
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1240:Church of St. Barbara
994:Obwarzanki krakowskie
966:with fine shops, and
944:horse-drawn carriages
902:Further information:
865:Władysław Czartoryski
762:was built as was the
709:Sigismund I of Poland
707:, the second wife of
699:. During this period
666:Casimir III the Great
631:St. Wojciech's Church
553:Obwarzanki krakowskie
256:
240:
149:50.06139°N 19.93722°E
2440:World Heritage Sites
2353:Armia Krajowa Museum
2276:Museum of Insurances
1745:"Poland in Pictures"
1567:Piwnica pod Baranami
1386:Stanisław Wyspiański
1382:Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński
1295:Józef Bohdan Zaleski
1192:Church of St. Martin
1155:Church of St. Andrew
1128:Church of St. Andrew
1078:Stanisław Wyspiański
1058:Museums and theatres
937:World Heritage Sites
904:Synagogues of Kraków
877:Stanisław Wyspiański
713:Bartolommeo Berrecci
617:– specifically near
606:Great Moravian State
395:St. Florian's Church
2615:Districts of Kraków
2595:shared with Belarus
2589:shared with Ukraine
2586:shared with Germany
1792:Krakow-Poland.com,
1462:Nicolaus Copernicus
1404:is situated on the
1390:Adam Stefan Sapieha
1362:Grażyna and Litawor
1354:Nicolaus Copernicus
1054:, and furnishings.
914:2nd Ukrainian Front
815:city fortifications
791:Kościuszko Uprising
585:episcopal bishopric
486:Bugler playing the
338:St. Mary's Basilica
285:World Heritage List
145: /
75:Cultural: (iv)
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2519:Old City of Zamość
2458:Auschwitz-Birkenau
2396:Judaica Foundation
2331:Czartoryski Museum
2103:Podgórze Duchackie
1935:Podgórze Duchackie
1799:2012-04-22 at the
1774:2008-03-08 at the
1730:2013-10-06 at the
1707:2024-05-31 at the
1682:2023-01-23 at the
1663:2020-10-02 at the
1644:2023-04-04 at the
1637:Ingrid Gustafson,
1576:Main Market Square
1555:Main Market Square
1553:restaurant at the
1547:
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1406:Main Market Square
1378:Rakowicki Cemetery
1331:Ksawery Dunikowski
1323:Wacław Szymanowski
1252:St. Florian Church
1168:Church of St. Anne
1132:Church of St. Mary
1122:Churches of Kraków
948:Main Market Square
928:The Old Town today
893:concentration camp
889:General Government
787:foreign partitions
783:Tadeusz Kościuszko
760:Church of St. Anne
677:Władysław Jagiełło
647:Main Market Square
623:Church of St. Mary
615:Main Market Square
520:St. Florian's Gate
471:Barbican of Kraków
403:Barbican of Kraków
322:architectural plan
293:Historic Monuments
270:Sigismund III Vasa
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191:Show map of Poland
154:50.06139; 19.93722
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2306:Geomogical museum
2109:Bieżanów-Prokocim
1993:
1992:
1941:Bieżanów-Prokocim
1825:Krakow-Poland.com
1742:Jeffrey Zuehlke,
1609:Culture of Kraków
1370:Tadeusz Błotnicki
1335:Aleksander Fredro
1315:the Palace of Art
1074:Sukiennice Museum
1064:Culture of Kraków
1015:Senioral Province
976:St. Mary's Church
685:Jagiellon dynasty
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1125:
1089:
1072:such as the
1067:
1029:
1008:
1002:
998:
992:
991:
980:
941:
931:
907:
886:
862:
843:
827:Florian Gate
808:
805:Foreign rule
780:
772:
734:
694:
674:
659:
594:
578:
562:
551:
455:Wawel Castle
411:Florian Gate
406:
384:
379:
354:
349:
341:
330:Rynek Główny
318:
310:Stare Miasto
309:
307:
296:
288:
283:'s original
278:
261:
260:
223:Show map of
2195:Attractions
2079:Zwierzyniec
1911:Zwierzyniec
1578:from 1964.
1436:Józef Dietl
1408:, near the
1327:Jozef Dietl
1307:Planty Park
1032:Renaissance
873:Jan Matejko
835:Planty Park
717:Santi Gucci
705:Bona Sforza
697:Renaissance
691:Renaissance
569:Planty Park
366:cloth hall
364:Renaissance
152: /
127:Coordinates
90:Inscription
2609:Categories
2503:Krzemionki
2223:Sukiennice
2097:Swoszowice
2049:Grzegórzki
1929:Swoszowice
1755:2007-09-15
1625:References
1532:See also:
1280:Sukiennice
1270:Sculptures
1062:See also:
1052:sculptures
1003:obwarzanki
999:obwarzanki
960:Sukiennice
918:Ivan Konev
601:Wawel Hill
565:green belt
368:Sukiennice
140:19°56′14″E
102:Extensions
93:1978 (2nd
2529:Wieliczka
2208:Kazimierz
2171:Kazimierz
2145:Nowa Huta
2133:Bieńczyce
2073:Bronowice
2067:Krowodrza
2035:Districts
1965:Bieńczyce
1905:Bronowice
1899:Krowodrza
1861:Districts
1551:Wierzynek
1341:in 1900.
1048:paintings
987:Wierzynek
964:tenements
768:catacombs
651:Vistula's
639:Kazimierz
567:known as
355:kamienice
276:in 1596.
137:50°3′41″N
80:Reference
2451:Cultural
2381:Timeline
2156:Old Town
2115:Podgórze
1947:Podgórze
1797:Archived
1772:Archived
1749:Archived
1728:Archived
1705:Archived
1680:Archived
1661:Archived
1642:Archived
1582:See also
1368:made by
1321:made by
1299:Jagiello
1116:Churches
1094:Barbican
854:Eclectic
823:Barbican
711:, asked
645:and the
610:Vistulan
597:Vistulan
407:Barbakan
399:medieval
71:Criteria
47:Location
2553:Natural
2533:Bochnia
2373:History
2271:Manggha
2253:Museums
2176:Bielany
2166:Kleparz
2147:(XVIII)
2121:Czyżyny
2085:Dębniki
1953:Czyżyny
1917:Dębniki
1498:Grażyna
1358:Grażyna
1303:Jadwiga
1036:Baroque
1020:Vatican
983:vaulted
897:Plaszow
883:Wartime
811:Franz I
731:Baroque
635:Vistula
627:Vistula
590:regalia
575:History
241:Map of
95:Session
2444:Poland
2386:Jewish
2141:(XVII)
2117:(XIII)
2087:(VIII)
2027:Kraków
1865:Kraków
1510:Fredro
1040:Gothic
972:heynal
958:, the
934:UNESCO
910:Soviet
858:a fire
825:, the
789:. The
776:Gothic
725:Warsaw
583:. The
488:Heynal
281:UNESCO
274:Warsaw
266:Kraków
64:Poland
52:Kraków
2203:Wawel
2161:Wawel
2135:(XVI)
2123:(XIV)
2111:(XII)
2081:(VII)
2057:(III)
1969:XVII
1945:XIII
1915:VIII
1823:from
1398:Wawel
1348:– is
750:in a
662:Wawel
655:Wawel
643:Wawel
419:Wawel
360:noble
84:29bis
2531:and
2129:(XV)
2105:(XI)
2093:(IX)
2075:(VI)
2063:(IV)
2051:(II)
1963:XVI
1951:XIV
1939:XII
1909:VII
1885:III
1301:and
1038:and
875:and
668:the
621:and
110:Area
105:2010
2442:in
2099:(X)
2069:(V)
2045:(I)
1957:XV
1933:XI
1921:IX
1903:VI
1891:IV
1863:of
1360:" (
1305:at
382:).
344:),
2611::
2491::
1927:X
1897:V
1783:^
1723:.
1691:^
1412:.
1142:.
1112:.
1050:,
1046:,
1034:,
978:.
924:.
841:.
770:.
727:.
571:.
425:.
305:.
62:,
58:,
54:,
2432:e
2425:t
2418:v
2153::
2019:e
2012:t
2005:v
1853:e
1846:t
1839:v
1758:.
1088:(
405:(
378:(
348:(
340:(
295:(
220:)
97:)
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