1478:
970:
947:
1470:
1357:
939:
242:
29:
2754:
1506:
3120:
3158:
814:
396:
1662:
3177:
3139:
3196:
1579:(where Lenin lay in state in 1924) and remained there until the end of the Soviet state. Burials initially took place to the north of the Senate tower, switching to the south side in 1934 and returning to the north side in 1977 (with a few exceptions). Interments in the wall were strictly individual; spouses and children of those interred in the wall had to be buried elsewhere. There were only three instances of group burials: the three-man crew of the
3057:
806:
1453:. On 31 October 1961, the Mausoleum was quickly covered with plywood. Red Square itself was closed as a matter of routine, in preparation for the 7 November parade. Stalin's remains were quickly re-interred in a deep grave, lined with concrete blocks, behind the Mausoleum; the ceremony was attended only by the state commission led by Nikolay Shvernik.
3095:) and voiced his opinion that Lenin should eventually be buried in the ground. The decision was supported by the Public Committee of Democratic Organisations. By 1995, Yeltsin had "moved to the nationalist center", using the Mausoleum as a government stand like previous state leaders; in 1997, he reiterated the claim to bury Lenin.
1457:, who visited the Mausoleum in November of the same year, noted that "everyone was so curious to see the new grave of Stalin... Unlike others, his was not yet graced by a bust and was marked only by a tablet with the name I.V. Stalin and dates of birth and death". The existing tomb of Stalin carved by
3107:
poll found that 66% of the respondents supported a funeral in a traditional cemetery, including 28% of those who believed that the funeral should be postponed until the communist generation passes away. 25% of the respondents thought the body should be preserved in the
Mausoleum. In October 2005, 51%
876:
wall. More Red soldiers were killed as the
Bolsheviks stormed the Kremlin, finally taking control on the night of 2–3 November. Street fighting tapered off after claiming nearly a thousand lives, and on 4 November the new Bolshevik administration decreed their dead would be buried at Red Square next
1391:
for Lenin's embalmed remains inside the
Kremlin wall, and on 27 January, Lenin's casket was deposited in a temporary wooden vault built in a single day. The first proper Mausoleum was built of wood in March–July 1924 and officially opened on August 1 (foreign visitors were allowed inside on August
914:
incorrectly mentions 500); two more victims were buried on the 14 and 17 of
November. The youngest, Pavel Andreyev, was 14 years old. Of 240 pro-revolution martyrs of the October–November fighting, only 20, including 12 of the Dvintsy, are identified in the official listing of the Moscow Heritage
885:
Voices reached us across the immense place, and the sound of picks and shovels. We crossed over. Mountains of dirt and rock were piled high near the base of the wall. Climbing these we looked down into two massive pits, ten or fifteen feet deep and fifty yards long, where hundreds of soldiers and
415:
towers was used for mass and individual burials of people who had to some extent contributed to the socialist revolution or the
Bolshevik cause. This included ordinary soldiers killed in battle, victims of the Civil War, militia men fallen while fighting anti-Bolsheviks and noted Bolshevik
3102:
efforts to relocate Lenin's tomb and Soviet monuments from the
Kremlin, support of both Lenin and the Soviet Union remained steadfast among the Russian populace. Public opinion on preserving the remains of Lenin in their embalmed state was split but leaned towards burial. A late 2008
1252:
707:
2835:
spokesman explained that the previous generation of spruce, planted in the 1970s, suffered from the dryness of the urban landscape; 28 old but sound trees were handpicked for replanting inside the
Kremlin. New trees were selected from the nurseries of
996:
in June 1927. In the first years of the Soviet regime, the honor of being buried on Red Square was extended to ordinary soldiers, Civil War victims, and Moscow militia men killed in clashes with anti-Bolsheviks (March–April 1918). In
January 1918, the
1437:, the Politburo decreed that his remains would be placed on display in the Mausoleum; it officially reopened in November 1953 with Lenin and Stalin side by side. Another plan decreed in March 1953, but never implemented, called for construction of a
1703:
and that the funeral commission would not dare to challenge it. Belyaev was buried as planned in
Novodevichy. According to an alternative version of events, the choice of Novodevichy was decided by his widow's will before the official decision was
1707:
In
September 1971, Nikita Khrushchev's family requested that the Soviet government bury Khrushchev in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. The Soviet government declined the offer; instead, Khrushchev was given a private state funeral and buried in
416:
politicians, as well as individuals associated with creating the new Soviet society. Burial plots of the 1917–1927 period are currently organized into 15 landscaped grave sites with the names of the buried inscribed on black marble tablets.
4047:
2803:
There are, in total, twelve individual tombs; all, including the four burials of the 1980s, are shaped similar to the canonical Merkurov's model. All twelve are considered to have died of natural causes, although some, such as
1602:
spacecraft in 1971. In total, the wall accommodates the graves of 107 men and 8 women. No remains interred in the wall were ever removed from it, including those of the people posthumously accused of "fascist conspiracy"
341:
proposing in 1813 the outright demolition of the towers to prevent the wall's imminent collapse. Eventually, the main structures of the towers were deemed sound enough to be left in place, and were topped with new
220:
resting place of the Soviet Union's deceased national icons. Burial there was a status symbol among Soviet citizens. The practice of burying dignitaries at Red Square ended with the funeral of General Secretary
1627:
204:
and reserved as the final honor for highly venerated politicians, military leaders, cosmonauts, and scientists. In 1925–1927, burials in the ground were stopped; funerals were now conducted as burials of
2844:
and "some foreign countries". The FPS spokesman also mentioned that in Nikita Khrushchev's period there were plans to plant a fruit garden around the Mausoleum, but the proposal was rejected in fear of
1414:
has petitioned Russia to dismantle the cult of personality and bury Lenin's body, seeking to "rid Red Square of the remains of the main persecutor and executioner of the 20th century," although the
313:. In one season the moat with bridges and adjacent buildings was replaced with a clean span of paved square. More reconstruction followed in the 19th century. The stretch of Kremlin wall south from
1653:
pressed the Politburo to bury Khrulyov in the Kremlin wall. Normally, generals of his rank were not entitled to this honor; Khrushchev was known to dislike Khrulyov and suggested burying him in
5000:
3249:
1521:, died in Italy in March 1925. The procedure for dealing with human remains in an urn was still unfamiliar at the time, and Vladimirov's urn was carried to his grave in an ordinary coffin.
3691:
2788:
who had died decades earlier. Grey granite stands that separate Red Square from the wall were built in the same period. In 1947 Merkurov proposed rebuilding the Mausoleum into a sort of "
3747:
1295:
567:
477:
1091:
and other notable Bolsheviks and their foreign allies. Interment in the Kremlin wall, apart from its location next to the seat of government, was also seen as a statement of
1477:
1638:
in an individual grave. There were also at least two known cases when groups of professionals pressed the government to extend special honors to their deceased colleagues:
1146:
963:
532:
4104:
3568:
1908:
959:
1396:'s winning design began in July 1929 and was completed in sixteen months. The Mausoleum has since functioned as a government reviewing stand during public parades.
1450:
383:
1248:
764:
2422:
2023:
869:
3820:
2831:), a tree not occurring naturally in Russia. In August–September 2007 the aging trees, with few exceptions, were cut down and replaced with young trees. A
1380:
829:; public support for them threatened to develop into a citywide riot. On 22 September, 593 inmates were released; the rest were left behind bars until the
1528:
crematorium in October 1927, interments in the wall and burials in the ground coexisted together; the former was preferred for foreign dignitaries of the
1244:
1075:, was buried in an individual grave near the Senate tower. This area would later include eleven more individual graves of top-ranking Soviet leaders (see
757:
4073:
2478:
1937:
978:
1757:
to be buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, Gorbachev was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery in the same grave as his wife Raisa, as requested by his will.
1999:
1978:
1827:
1730:
was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the
1518:
1482:
1208:
1170:
1162:
1024:
1020:
736:
629:
603:
4990:
1407:
shell. It was bombed twice, in 1963, when the terrorist was the sole victim, and in 1973, when an explosion killed the terrorist and two bystanders.
3257:
3098:
Proposals to remove the Necropolis from Red Square altogether met with far more public opposition and did not come to fruition either. Despite the
2007:
1958:
1196:
1192:
1188:
648:
622:
560:
225:
in March 1985. The Kremlin Wall Necropolis was designated a protected landmark in 1974. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, citizens of the
1895:
2418:
2175:
1929:
3794:
2003:
1271:
1260:
1222:
1166:
750:
743:
525:
458:
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Commission. As of March 2009, three Moscow streets are still named after these individual victims, as well as Dvintsev Street named after the
1275:
974:
700:
119:
969:
3413:
3396:
1107:– though Lenin expressed the wish to be buried next to his mother in St. Petersburg. The new government had sponsored the construction of
375:
4965:
4863:
3983:
4157:
259:
The eastern segment of the Kremlin wall, and Red Square behind it, emerged on its present site in the 15th century, during the reign of
3816:
1095:, while burial in the ground at a traditional cemetery next to a church was deemed inappropriate for a Bolshevik. For the same reason,
1411:
381:
4536:
1723:. According to former Soviet Chairman Anastas Mikoyan, this was because Andrey Andreyev wanted to be buried next to his wife there.
1434:
1571:
in the Kremlin's halls, but with the tightening of security in the late 1920s, the official farewell station was relocated to the
1699:'s diaries, the cosmonauts, Shatalov in particular, pressed the issue despite knowing that the decision was made by Brezhnev and
1139:
Civil war casualties: Ivan Smilga, Anton Khorak, Alexander Kvardakov, Alexander Kuchutenkov, Felix Barasevich, Alexander Gadomsky
946:
283:
deep into the Russian mainland, restored the moat around the Kremlin, cleared Red Square and built earthen fortifications around
4960:
3224:
3157:
3119:
886:
workers were digging in the light of huge fires. A young student spoke to us in German. "The Brotherhood Grave", he explained.
4749:
1517:
The first person to be cremated and interred in an urn in the Kremlin wall, 45-year-old former People's Commissar of Finance
926:
building near Kremlin; thirty-seven dead were interred at the Vsekhsvyatskoye Cemetery (now demolished) in the then-suburban
367:
305:
Throughout the 18th century the unused, neglected fortifications deteriorated and were not properly repaired until the 1801
4868:
4764:
3229:
3176:
3138:
378:
374:
4181:
2832:
821:
In July 1917, hundreds of soldiers of the Russian Northern Front were arrested for mutiny and desertion and locked up in
372:
370:
377:
3886:
3644:
3219:
3076:
1785:
1469:
4210:
380:
371:
354:), The Kremlin wall facing Red Square was rebuilt shallower than before, and acquired its present shape in the 1820s.
61:, which stands between Kalinin's and Dzerzhinsky's, is obstructed by trees. The mausoleum is immediately to the right.
4489:
4466:
4445:
4423:
4400:
4377:
4347:
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4288:
4267:
4246:
4220:
2816:, who died in July 1989, was offered burial in the Necropolis near his predecessors but was eventually buried at the
2235:
1031:
was speaking to students. Twelve people, including Zagorsky, were killed and buried in a mass grave on Red Square.
825:(then Dvinsk) fortress. Later, 869 Dvinsk inmates were transported to Moscow. Here, the jailed soldiers launched a
369:
4456:
379:
188:. The improvised burial site gradually transformed into the centerpiece of military and civilian honor during the
4858:
4278:
3620:
271:. The moat was lined with a secondary fortress wall, and spanned by three bridges connecting the Kremlin to the
4769:
842:
4975:
4774:
4610:
4562:
4368:
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1392:
3). The contest to design and build a new, permanent, Mausoleum was announced in April 1926; construction of
1017:
894:
1773:
in Moscow, and his ashes were interred in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Komarov was posthumously awarded the
4970:
4529:
3195:
1111:
since 1919, but the first burial of cremated remains in a niche in the wall did not take place until 1925.
922:
The loyalists secured a permit to publicly bury their dead on 13 November. This funeral started at the old
853:
in Moscow. Late at night on 27–28 October, a detachment of approximately two hundred men marching north to
112:
4744:
4723:
4645:
4017:
1716:
1650:
1383:
discussed ways to preserve it, initially for forty days, despite objections from his widow and siblings.
1441:
in which the bodies of Lenin and Stalin would be eventually relocated. Eight years later, following the
368:
4784:
4754:
4640:
4595:
4590:
3596:
3342:
2371:
2295:
1742:
1727:
1356:
938:
200:
in 1929–30. After the last mass burial in Red Square in 1921, funerals there were usually conducted as
3417:
3400:
4837:
4759:
2742:
The row of individual tombs behind the Mausoleum began to acquire its present shape after the end of
2086:
1962:
1679:
in Novodevichy Cemetery, already made public through newspapers, was confronted by fellow cosmonauts
322:
181:
3789:
4888:
4817:
2592:
1778:
1240:
986:
721:
2812:, who died in March 1985, became the last person to be buried on Red Square. Former head of state
1009:
fired on a pro-Bolshevik street rally; the eight victims were also buried under the Kremlin wall.
4980:
4898:
4789:
4779:
4728:
4522:
4362:
4166:
3471:
2846:
2823:
The Kremlin wall and the stands erected in the 1940s were traditionally separated with a line of
1878:
1587:
1415:
1403:
of Lenin's tomb was twice vandalized by visitors, in 1959 and 1969, leading to installation of a
1142:
1100:
923:
858:
838:
351:
330:
241:
1046:
traction. On the day of the crash, it delivered a group of Soviet and foreign communists led by
992:
Mass and individual burials in the ground under the Kremlin wall continued until the funeral of
376:
373:
28:
4605:
4580:
4357:
4230:
2524:
2082:
1912:
1204:
1080:
955:
911:
889:
518:
449:, A. Nikolaeva, I. M. Ignatova, M. Volkova, S. Arafoshin, S. Goriunov, I. Dudinsky, X. Zvonov.
3075:
as he had requested, to taking the mummy on a commercial world tour. After the climax of the
2019:
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1576:
1002:
310:
3999:
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2011:
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succeeded in taking over the Kremlin. They gunned down the surrendered Red soldiers at the
502:, I. M. Valdovsky, Yegor Shvyrkov, Nikolay Pryamikov, F. Drozdov, D. Esulov, G. V. Tomsky.
222:
193:
457:
I. Zimin, I. Ivanov, S. Kokorev, A. Kosarev, N. N. Kropotov, A. N. Khaldina, G. V. Titov,
8:
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4557:
4136:
2439:
2354:
2320:
2231:
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2137:
2069:
1970:
1572:
1421:
As of 2022, Lenin's body remains in the Mausoleum, excluding the period of evacuation to
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1376:
998:
173:
54:
4235:
4812:
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2112:
2036:
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had the first call. Brezhnev overruled Suslov's decision at least once, voting to bury
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1236:
1062:
982:
830:
714:
404:
280:
260:
230:
226:
96:
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4919:
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4419:
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4343:
4322:
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4263:
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2909:
2792:" that would become a foreground to a statue of Stalin placed atop Senatskaya tower.
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2708:
2553:
2549:
2528:
2516:
2499:
2337:
2265:
2201:
2188:
1933:
1738:
1688:
1619:
1595:
1557:
1553:
1525:
1510:
1404:
1323:
1313:
1174:
1028:
589:
443:
334:
157:
46:
4478:
3067:
Public discussion on closing the Mausoleum emerged shortly after the breakup of the
1505:
1061:
derailed at high speed, killing 7 of the 22 people on board, including its inventor
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4832:
4827:
4822:
4718:
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3923:
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3072:
2841:
2793:
2721:
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2545:
2520:
2495:
2269:
2218:
1974:
1762:
1612:
1442:
1438:
907:
854:
813:
412:
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347:
326:
284:
268:
4302:
4131:
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Tumarkin, pp. 165–206, provides a detailed timeline of establishing the Mausoleum.
4713:
4688:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4337:
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4298:
4257:
4186:
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4021:
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2922:
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2837:
2769:
2747:
2639:
2596:
2574:
2532:
2474:
2470:
2456:
2435:
2401:
2397:
2116:
2040:
1925:
1853:
1696:
1646:
1623:
1541:
1490:
1454:
1446:
1393:
1256:
1212:
1047:
1039:
873:
686:
677:
T. A. Baskakov, S. V. Vladimirov, T. F. Nedelkin, N. R. Trunov, V. E. Voitovich.
492:
318:
288:
276:
210:
50:
42:
3954:
3720:
1874:
1533:
1494:
1449:, removal of Stalin's body from the Mausoleum was unanimously sanctioned by the
4683:
4132:"Yeltsin Proposes Plebiscite On Whether Lenin's Body Should Be Buried Formally"
3776:
Half of Haywood's ashes is buried in Moscow, another in Chicago – Brooke, p. 43
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2954:
2935:
2896:
2880:
2813:
2805:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2725:
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2682:
2669:
2635:
2405:
2367:
2282:
2261:
2141:
2099:
2065:
2044:
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1700:
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1635:
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1604:
1568:
1549:
1458:
1372:
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1309:
1285:
1157:
1068:
1006:
927:
582:
483:, X. Kolbin, A. L. Krash, M. Ryzhev, A. Smirnov, F. Sologudinov, X. Sopliakov.
299:
295:
291:
34:
4191:
805:
4954:
4929:
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Tumarkin, pp. 135–164, provides a detailed timeline of events of January 1924
3108:
of respondents had expressed support for a funeral and 40% for preservation.
3080:
3020:
2948:
2828:
2622:
2482:
2341:
2120:
2061:
1995:
1954:
1941:
1840:
1770:
1750:
1684:
1626:, the honor of interment in the Kremlin wall was awarded posthumously by the
1580:
1384:
1200:
1184:
1084:
951:
865:, including their company commander, Sapunov, were killed at the barricades.
826:
655:
511:
201:
134:
121:
58:
38:
4708:
4509:
4339:
Modern mummies: the preservation of the human body in the twentieth century
3068:
2797:
2753:
2743:
2512:
2299:
2015:
1982:
1966:
1870:
1692:
1661:
1643:
1591:
1561:
1537:
1498:
1333:
1299:
1104:
1088:
1051:
1038:, an experimental (and not fully tested) high-speed railcar fitted with an
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903:
878:
596:
546:
408:
314:
233:
continue to pay their respects to the national heroes at the Kremlin Wall.
189:
161:
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4514:
3962:
3724:
3084:
2452:
2324:
2303:
2248:
2057:
1400:
1072:
346:
designed by Bove. Peter's bastions were razed (creating space for nearby
343:
338:
4807:
4549:
4161:
3475:
3038:
2609:
1226:
1108:
822:
553:
306:
254:
185:
165:
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4883:
4414:
The architecture and planning of classical Moscow: a cultural history
3056:
1529:
1231:
1096:
1043:
1035:
1013:
850:
177:
1691:
who insisted that Belyaev deserved a place in the Kremlin wall like
2566:
1749:. Even though Gorbachev was granted approval by Russian presidents
1599:
1054:
209:
ash in the Kremlin wall itself. Burials in the ground resumed with
206:
4280:
Telling October: memory and the making of the Bolshevik Revolution
3857:
3621:"The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia - Official Website"
422:
Table: List of burials (by grave) in Red Square ground, 1917–1927
4545:
1766:
1117:
Table: List of burials (by name) in Red Square ground, 1918–1927
1092:
476:, F. Lysenkov, I. Petukhov, V. Romanov, G. N. Razorepov-Nikitin,
197:
1657:. The military prevailed, and Khrulyov was buried on Red Square.
1630:. When members of the Politburo were not available immediately,
845:. Immediately after the October Revolution in Saint Petersburg,
692:, E. N. Silunov, A. P. Voronov, I. A. Nazarov, G. A. Skvortsov.
3206:
3202:
3187:
3183:
3168:
3164:
3149:
3145:
3130:
3126:
3104:
2800:
and others spoke against the proposal and it was soon dropped.
2762:
2758:
1670:
1666:
1422:
1368:
1103:, was preferred to burial in a coffin and favored by Lenin and
302:
that today provides a backdrop for the present-day Necropolis.
263:; the wall and the square were separated with a wide defensive
169:
4458:
The Education of a Canadian: My Life as a Scholar and Activist
609:, P. A. Zasukhin, D. I. Iudichev, S. P. Kapelin, I. V. Kotov.
366:
5001:
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Moscow
1548:) while the latter was granted only to top Party executives (
1065:. This was the last mass burial in the ground of Red Square.
1023:
set off an explosion in a Communist Party school building in
1012:
The largest single burial occurred in 1919. On 25 September,
407:
and June 1927, the area outside the Kremlin wall between the
272:
4074:"Struggle in Russia; Yeltsin Cancels Guards at Lenin's Tomb"
464:, P. Kospianik, V. Krashenilnikov, A. Leshikov, F. Lizenko.
245:
As recently as 1800, the site of the Necropolis was a boggy
3957:У стен Кремля впервые за 30 лет начали высаживать новые ели
3382:
Corney, pp. 41–42, provides a description of the ceremonies
1034:
Another unusual incident was the 24 July 1921 crash of the
902:
A total of 238 dead were buried in the mass graves between
442:
A. I. Vantorin, P. G. Tiapkin, I. S. Erov, H. M. Snegirev,
264:
246:
2808:, had unusual circumstances associated with their deaths.
669:
G. Timofeev, A. A. Iniushev, I. Gavrikov, M. T. Usoltsev.
3982:
Based on the list of the Moscow City Heritage Commission
3394:
Based on the list of the Moscow City Heritage Commission
3340:
Based on the list of the Moscow City Heritage Commission
2855:
Table: List of individual tombs on Red Square, 1946–1985
1797:
Table: List of interments in the Kremlin wall, 1925–1984
4775:
Patriarch's Palace and the Church of the Twelve Apostles
4237:
Fallen Astronauts: Heroes who Died Reaching for the Moon
3597:"Red Square rendezvous: Visiting Lenin's body in Moscow"
491:
S. Fedorov, S. Khokhlov, S. Tsipliakov, V. Shefarevich,
1173:; twelve victims of Leontyevsky Lane bombing including
3748:"Bust Placed on Stalin Gravel Behind Lenin Mausoleum"
3071:, with opinions ranging from simply burying Lenin in
1784:
The last person to be buried in the Kremlin wall was
1513:) laying flowers at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, 2010
176:. Burials there began in November 1917, when 240 pro-
3645:"Russian Orthodoxy and Lenin's Tomb | George Weigel"
3692:"Stalin's Body to Be Moved From Tomb in Red Square"
4477:
4411:
4388:
4361:
4234:
4048:"Yeltsin seizes chance to purge political enemies"
837:, stayed in the city as a cohesive unit, based in
639:, V. E. Morozov, S. A. Shiriaev, L. F. Mikhailov.
317:was badly damaged in 1812 by the explosion at the
4391:Retroactive justice: prehistory of post-communism
196:, initially built in wood in 1924 and rebuilt in
4952:
4435:Pamyatniki arhitektury v dorevolutsionnoy Rossii
4229:
4018:"Lenin's remains: Russians queue in the cold..."
3850:
3469:
3438:Lysinovskaya, Pavla Andreeva, Verzemneka Streets
3309:Brooke (p. 35) incorrectly dates the demolition
4310:(in Russian). Vol. 1–4. Moscow: Infortext.
4105:"Yeltsin to Stand Atop Lenin's Tomb for Parade"
3819:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
973:Red Square Mass Grave No. 13, inscriptions for
510:A. A. Sukharev, G. L. Elagin, I. G. Stepachev,
4780:Verkhospassky Cathedral and the Terem Churches
4438:Памятники архитектуры в дореволюционной России
4165:(in Russian). January 20, 2009. Archived from
3893:. BBC. 24 April 1967. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
3858:"Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169"
3594:
2737:
1675:In January 1970 the official decision to bury
1481:Section of the Kremlin Wall with urn burials (
950:Red Square Mass Grave No. 5, inscriptions for
861:on Red Square. During the fighting, 70 of the
4530:
4480:Lenin Lives!: The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia
4179:
3887:"1967: Russian cosmonaut dies in space crash"
1001:buried the victims of a terrorist bombing in
833:. The released soldiers, collectively called
4297:
3797:. Archived from the original on 20 June 2007
868:The following day, loyalists led by Colonel
390:
4864:Monument to Grand Duke Sergey Alexandrovich
4484:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4262:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4180:Kolesnichenko, Aleksandr (April 10, 2006).
3790:list of the Moscow City Heritage Commission
1567:Initially, the bodies of the deceased were
1473:An early burial of cremated ash in the wall
910:towers in a public funeral on November 10 (
4544:
4537:
4523:
4259:Moscow: Governing the Socialist Metropolis
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3916:
3772:
3770:
3051:
809:10 November 1917. Mass grave on Red Square
735:O. Vever, O. K. Virzemnek, I. E. Zweinek,
4432:
4241:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
1412:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
881:, where indeed most of them were killed.
4991:Soviet military memorials and cemeteries
4475:
4454:
4283:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
4102:
4098:
4096:
3997:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3715:
3713:
3055:
2752:
1660:
1504:
1476:
1468:
1355:
1141:Militiamen killed in street fights with
1057:, but on the return trip to Moscow, the
968:
945:
937:
857:confronted the loyalist forces near the
812:
804:
538:, X. Stefanovich, K. Volsky, X. Taraev.
394:
240:
4409:
4335:
4158:"41% prozent rossiyan za vynos tela..."
4129:
4045:
3993:
3991:
3940:
3784:
3782:
3767:
3689:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3390:
3388:
3369:
3367:
1777:(for the second time) and the order of
1345:
1071:, who died in 1919, allegedly from the
933:
4953:
4372:. Penguin Classics. pp. 219–230.
4276:
4255:
4208:
4041:
4039:
3955:"U sten Kremlya vpervye za 30 let... (
3829:(in Russian). Retrieved 28 March 2009.
3815:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3721:"The day when Stalin left Lenin alone"
3676:
3674:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3531:
3529:
3501:
3499:
3225:List of national cemeteries by country
3060:The Kremlin Necropolis with a view of
2768:five tombs, for the recently deceased
2757:Kremlin Wall Necropolis & action,
817:27 July 2016. Mass grave on Red Square
800:
333:crown which was erected in 1807–1808;
4518:
4314:
4215:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4093:
4000:"Interview with Iulian Rukavishnikov"
3896:
3710:
3690:Topping, Seymour (October 30, 1961).
3478:Vlast, N. 7 (510), February 24, 2003.
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3287:
3285:
3283:
1642:In June 1962, following the death of
1076:
4765:Church of the Deposition of the Robe
4356:
3988:
3976:
3779:
3569:"Lenin tomb blast is said to kill 3"
3482:
3385:
3364:
3334:
3230:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow)
1524:Between 1925 and the opening of the
1451:22nd Congress of the Communist Party
1149:, Yegor Shvyrkov, Nikolay Pryamikov
267:filled with water diverted from the
4386:
4103:Erlanger, Steven (April 29, 1995).
4046:Higgins, Andrew (October 8, 1993).
4036:
3671:
3662:
3547:
3526:
3517:
3496:
3325:
1765:, who had died in the crash of his
1464:
1371:on 21 January 1924. While his body
1079:section). Sverdlov was followed by
13:
4966:Buildings and structures in Moscow
4461:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press.
4233:; Doolan, Kate; Vis, Bert (2003).
4173:
3595:Rebecca Bluitt (9 November 2017).
3450:
3294:
3280:
3220:Federal Military Memorial Cemetery
3077:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
1360:The first wooden Mausoleum in 1925
360:Timeline of burials in Red Square
337:developed deep cracks, leading to
14:
5012:
4499:
3985:(in Russian) Retrieved 2009-03-28
3965:, August 15, 2007. 15 August 2007
3868:from the original on 1 March 2021
3472:"Sidel-sidel, utrom prosnulis..."
3429:(in Russian) Retrieved 2009-03-28
1598:), and the three-man crew of the
1428:
841:and openly hostile to the ruling
4455:Skilling, Harold Gordon (2000).
3194:
3175:
3156:
3137:
3118:
3111:
27:
4940:Kremlin Presidium (Building 14)
4859:Monument to Minin and Pozharsky
4150:
4130:Hoffman, David (June 7, 1997).
4123:
4066:
4010:
3880:
3841:
3832:
3740:
3731:
3683:
3637:
3613:
3588:
3561:
3538:
3508:
3441:
3432:
3376:
1387:gave instructions to install a
849:became the strike force of the
4433:Shchenkov, A. S., ed. (2002).
3577:. September 4, 1973. p. 6
3355:
3316:
3303:
3271:
3242:
2820:at the request of his family.
617:P. P. Sherbakov, Pavel Andreev
1:
4961:1917 establishments in Russia
4750:Cathedral of the Annunciation
4440:(in Russian). Moscow: Terra.
4395:. Stanford University Press.
4369:Ten Days that Shook the World
4277:Corney, Frederick C. (2004).
4202:
3163:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier,
3125:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier,
2860:
2851:
1802:
1793:
1122:
1113:
895:Ten Days that Shook the World
635:, L. A. Lisinova, Ivan Smilga
427:
418:
16:Burial site in central Moscow
4342:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
4190:(in Russian). Archived from
4082:. October 7, 1993. p. 8
1761:On 26 April 1967, cosmonaut
1461:was installed in June 1970.
621:, A. A. Kireev, M. Draudyn,
7:
4869:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
4828:Grand Kremlin Public Garden
4745:Cathedral of the Assumption
4410:Schmidt, Albert J. (1989).
4336:Quigley, Christine (1998).
4256:Colton, Timothy J. (1998).
3331:Shchenkov et al., pp. 61–62
3213:
3087:from the Mausoleum (former
3012:Iulian Rukavishnikov, 1983
2738:Individual tombs, 1919–1985
1769:space capsule, was given a
1717:Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev
942:Red Square Mass Grave No. 4
249:spanned with stone bridges.
10:
5017:
4755:Cathedral of the Archangel
4212:Moscow: a cultural history
4182:"Ready for Bearing Out of"
4006:(in Russian). Vol. 2.
3756:. 20 June 1970. p. 53
2833:Federal Protective Service
2372:Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin
1743:leader of the Soviet Union
1728:Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko
1375:in the Pillar Hall of the
1349:
252:
4912:
4846:
4798:
4760:Ivan the Great Bell Tower
4737:
4674:
4556:
4318:Encyclopedia of cremation
4209:Brooke, Caroline (2006).
3838:Kamanin, January 11, 1970
3470:Zhirnov, Yevgeny (2003).
3250:"Kremlin Wall Necropolis"
3182:State Historical Museum,
3144:Marshal Zhukov monument,
2872:Sculptor of the monument
1665:Marshal Zhukov monument,
1099:, then prohibited by the
391:Burials from 1917 to 1927
216:The Kremlin Wall was the
182:Moscow Bolshevik Uprising
111:
103:
91:
83:
75:
70:
66:
26:
21:
4889:Alexander Garden Obelisk
4724:Tsarina's Golden Chamber
4437:
4315:Mates, Lewis H. (2005).
4306:
3998:Ustinova, Irina (2000).
3925:Громыко Андрей Андреевич
3924:
3235:
2863:
1909:Mikhail Mikhailov-Ivanov
1805:
1779:Hero of the Soviet Union
1125:
1027:when Moscow party chief
430:
323:retreating French troops
4899:Iberian Gate and Chapel
4854:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
4785:Saint Basil's Cathedral
4729:State Historical Museum
4611:Konstantino-Eleninskaya
4506:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
4476:Tumarkin, Nina (1997).
3300:Shchenkov et al., p. 57
3052:Debate and preservation
1879:Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov
1586:in 1934, the crew of a
1416:Russian Orthodox Church
1101:Russian Orthodox Church
1018:socialist revolutionary
924:Moscow State University
859:State Historical Museum
839:Zamoskvorechye District
498:, Alexander Kuchutenkov
236:
154:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
22:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
4321:. Ashgate Publishing.
3928:(in Russian). hrono.ru
3847:Burgess et al., p. 181
3064:
2970:Nikolai Bratsun, 1970
2940:Sergei Merkurov, 1948
2927:Sergei Merkurov, 1946
2914:Sergei Merkurov, 1946
2901:Sergei Merkurov, 1946
2765:
2525:Konstantin Rokossovsky
2083:Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze
1913:Vladimir Triandafillov
1673:
1514:
1502:
1474:
1361:
1161:Civil war casualties:
1005:. In the same January
989:
966:
943:
900:
843:Provisional Government
818:
810:
400:
399:Red Square Mass Graves
250:
229:and many other former
4646:Srednyaya Arsenalnaya
3737:Skilling, pp. 186–187
3322:Schmidt, pp. 143, 153
3059:
2983:Nikolai Tomsky, 1975
2869:Name of the deceased
2756:
2176:Aleksandr Shcherbakov
2020:Vyacheslav Menzhinsky
1664:
1609:political repressions
1584:high-altitude balloon
1508:
1480:
1472:
1435:Joseph Stalin's death
1359:
972:
949:
941:
883:
816:
808:
770:, Alexander Kvardakov
398:
294:. From 1776 to 1787,
244:
135:55.75361°N 37.61972°E
4976:Cemeteries in Moscow
4935:Robespierre Monument
4704:Grand Kremlin Palace
4699:State Kremlin Palace
4641:Uglovaya Arsenalnaya
4596:Vtoraya Bezymyannaya
4591:Pervaya Bezymyannaya
4418:. DIANE Publishing.
4387:Rév, István (2005).
4194:on December 2, 2008.
4169:on January 24, 2009.
3100:Russian government's
3034:Konstantin Chernenko
2997:Iulian Rukavishnikov
2818:Novodevichy cemetery
2810:Konstantin Chernenko
2653:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
2146:Yemelyan Yaroslavsky
2012:Valerian Dovgalevsky
1747:Novodevichy Cemetery
1732:Novodevichy Cemetery
1721:Novodevichy Cemetery
1710:Novodevichy Cemetery
1681:Valentina Tereshkova
1655:Novodevichy Cemetery
1346:Mausoleum, 1924–1961
1249:John William Hewlett
934:Burials of 1918–1927
765:John William Hewlett
223:Konstantin Chernenko
213:'s funeral in 1946.
192:. It is centered on
180:who died during the
4971:National cemeteries
4137:The Washington Post
4025:. December 27, 2000
3651:. 14 September 2011
3025:Viktor Sonin, 1985
2750:created the first
2440:Otto Wille Kuusinen
2423:Vladimir Kucherenko
2355:Gleb Krzhizhanovsky
2321:Vyacheslav Malyshev
2232:Mikhail Vladimirsky
2159:Klavdiya Nikolayeva
2138:Konstantin Pamfilov
2070:Alexander Karpinsky
2024:Alexander Steinhart
1971:Anatoly Lunacharsky
1786:Minister of Defence
1737:In September 2022,
1575:' "Pillar Hall" on
1573:House of the Unions
1377:House of the Unions
870:Konstantin Ryabtsev
801:Mass graves of 1917
131: /
55:Moscow Kremlin Wall
4813:Ivanovskaya Square
4110:The New York Times
4079:The New York Times
3753:The New York Times
3697:The New York Times
3668:Quigley, pp. 34–35
3574:The New York Times
3065:
2966:Kliment Voroshilov
2766:
2571:Georgy Dobrovolsky
2385:Mikhail Khrunichev
2308:Avraamy Zavenyagin
2236:Aleksandr Yefremov
2206:Rosalia Zemlyachka
2172:Boris Shaposhnikov
2134:Grigory Kravchenko
2113:Nadezhda Krupskaya
2037:Valerian Kuybyshev
1883:Alexander Tsyurupa
1858:Charles Ruthenberg
1791:in December 1984.
1715:In December 1971,
1674:
1546:Charles Ruthenberg
1515:
1503:
1475:
1425:during 1941–1945.
1362:
1237:Valerian Abakovsky
1063:Valerian Abakovsky
990:
983:Valerian Abakovsky
967:
944:
831:October Revolution
819:
811:
786:, Felix Barasevich
782:Alexander Gadomsky
715:Valerian Abakovsky
654:, A. T. Timofeev,
647:A. P. Saporoshez,
581:D. M. Vorovskaya,
405:October Revolution
401:
251:
231:post-Soviet states
227:Russian Federation
140:55.75361; 37.61972
97:Red Square, Moscow
4948:
4947:
4920:Ascension Convent
4904:Lenin's Mausoleum
4838:Manezhnaya Square
3414:"Братские могилы"
3397:"Братские могилы"
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
2910:Felix Dzerzhinsky
2786:Felix Dzerzhinsky
2776:, as well as for
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2554:Andrey Yeryomenko
2550:Semyon Timoshenko
2529:Vasily Sokolovsky
2517:Vladimir Seryogin
2500:Rodion Malinovsky
2479:Alexander Rudakov
2338:Grigory Petrovsky
2266:Matvey Shkiryatov
2202:Vasily Vakhrushev
2189:Vladimir Potemkin
1938:Alexander Stopani
1934:Mikhail Pokrovsky
1739:Mikhail Gorbachev
1689:Vladimir Shatalov
1620:Nikita Khrushchev
1558:Nariman Narimanov
1554:Felix Dzerzhinsky
1526:Donskoye Cemetery
1511:Fyodor Yurchikhin
1405:bulletproof glass
1352:Lenin's Mausoleum
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1324:Felix Dzerzhinsky
1314:Nariman Narimanov
1253:Ivan Konstantinov
1175:Vladimir Zagorsky
1029:Vladimir Zagorsky
979:Ivan Konstantinov
798:
797:
794:
793:
789:
785:
773:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
726:
719:
712:
708:Ivan Konstantinov
705:
691:
660:
653:
638:
634:
627:
620:
608:
601:
594:
590:Nariman Narimanov
587:
572:
565:
558:
551:
537:
530:
523:
516:
501:
497:
482:
478:Aleksandr Safonov
475:
463:
448:
444:Vladimir Zagorsky
403:Between the 1917
388:
387:
335:Arsenalnaya tower
281:Swedish incursion
194:Lenin's Mausoleum
158:national cemetery
150:
149:
5008:
4925:Chudov Monastery
4833:Alexander Garden
4823:Taynitsky Garden
4818:Cathedral Square
4719:Palace of Facets
4694:Amusement Palace
4606:Beklemishevskaya
4581:Blagoveshenskaya
4539:
4532:
4525:
4516:
4515:
4495:
4483:
4472:
4451:
4429:
4417:
4406:
4394:
4383:
4365:
4353:
4332:
4311:
4299:Kamanin, Nikolay
4294:
4273:
4252:
4240:
4226:
4196:
4195:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4100:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3951:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3894:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3862:Президент России
3854:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3814:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3786:
3777:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3545:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3494:
3491:
3480:
3479:
3467:
3448:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3416:. Archived from
3411:
3409:
3408:
3399:. Archived from
3392:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3314:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3278:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3256:. Archived from
3246:
3198:
3179:
3160:
3141:
3122:
3093:Kremlin Regiment
3073:Saint Petersburg
2861:
2852:
2842:Russian Far East
2794:Dmitry Chechulin
2722:Leonid Kostandov
2666:Mstislav Keldysh
2579:Vladislav Volkov
2546:Nikolai Shvernik
2521:Kirill Meretskov
2496:Vladimir Komarov
2270:Andrey Vyshinsky
2219:Fyodor Tolbukhin
2000:Pavel Fedoseenko
1979:Alexey Svidersky
1975:Mikhail Olminsky
1828:Miron Vladimirov
1803:
1794:
1763:Vladimir Komarov
1745:, was buried in
1613:Andrey Vyshinsky
1519:Miron Vladimirov
1465:Ashes, 1925–1984
1443:de-Stalinization
1296:Vasily Likhachev
1286:Vatslav Vorovsky
1209:Mikhail Yanyshev
1171:Heinrich Zweinek
1163:Anton Stankevich
1123:
1114:
1077:Individual tombs
1025:Leontyevsky Lane
1021:Donat Cherepanov
855:Tverskaya Street
787:
783:
771:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
737:Heinrich Zweinek
724:
717:
710:
703:
689:
658:
651:
636:
632:
630:Mikhail Yanyshev
625:
618:
606:
604:Anton Stankevich
599:
592:
585:
570:
568:Vasily Likhachev
563:
556:
549:
535:
528:
521:
514:
499:
495:
480:
473:
461:
446:
428:
419:
357:
356:
348:Alexander Garden
327:Nikolskaya tower
269:Neglinnaya River
202:state ceremonies
190:Second World War
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
53:in front of the
31:
19:
18:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4908:
4842:
4800:
4794:
4790:Kazan Cathedral
4770:Nativity Church
4733:
4689:Kremlin Arsenal
4676:
4670:
4560:
4552:
4543:
4502:
4492:
4469:
4448:
4439:
4426:
4403:
4380:
4350:
4329:
4308:
4291:
4270:
4249:
4223:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4187:Novye Izvestiya
4178:
4174:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4142:
4140:
4128:
4124:
4115:
4113:
4101:
4094:
4085:
4083:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4058:
4056:
4053:The Independent
4044:
4037:
4028:
4026:
4022:The Independent
4016:
4015:
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3996:
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3856:
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3851:
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3833:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3798:
3795:"Archived copy"
3793:
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3372:
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3356:
3347:
3345:
3343:"Archived copy"
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3123:
3114:
3062:Spasskaya Tower
3054:
3008:Leonid Brezhnev
2979:Semyon Budyonny
2923:Mikhail Kalinin
2886:Sergei Merkurov
2865:
2838:Altai Mountains
2770:Mikhail Kalinin
2748:Sergei Merkurov
2740:
2640:Ivan Yakubovsky
2597:Matvey Zakharov
2575:Viktor Patsayev
2533:Nikolay Voronov
2475:Sergei Korolyov
2471:Nikolai Ignatov
2457:Sergei Kurashov
2436:Sergey Biryuzov
2402:Andrey Khrulyov
2398:Aleksei Antonov
2117:Polina Osipenko
2041:Pyotr Smidovich
1926:Kuprian Kirkizh
1854:Arthur MacManus
1812:
1807:
1789:Dmitriy Ustinov
1697:Nikolai Kamanin
1695:. According to
1647:Andrey Khrulyov
1624:Leonid Brezhnev
1590:crash in 1968 (
1542:Arthur MacManus
1467:
1455:Harold Skilling
1447:Khrushchev Thaw
1433:Two days after
1431:
1394:Alexey Shchusev
1354:
1348:
1257:Fyodor Sergeyev
1245:Oskar Hellbrück
1235:crash victims (
1213:Vadim Podbelsky
1160:
1140:
1127:
1048:Fyodor Sergeyev
1040:aircraft engine
936:
887:
874:Kremlin Arsenal
803:
774:, X. Stepanov.
758:Oskar Hellbrück
687:Fyodor Sergeyev
583:Vaclav Vorovsky
493:Vadim Podbelsky
393:
384:
382:
321:set off by the
319:Kremlin Arsenal
277:Peter the Great
275:. From 1707–08
257:
239:
211:Mikhail Kalinin
184:were buried in
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
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120:
118:
117:
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62:
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12:
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5:
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4981:Moscow Kremlin
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4706:
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4686:
4684:Kremlin Senate
4680:
4678:
4675:Administrative
4672:
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4663:
4661:Komendantskaya
4658:
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4512:
4501:
4500:External links
4498:
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4307:Скрытый Космос
4295:
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4231:Burgess, Colin
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4198:
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4172:
4149:
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4092:
4065:
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4009:
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3961:(in Russian).
3939:
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3913:Colton, p. 352
3895:
3879:
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3831:
3778:
3766:
3739:
3730:
3723:(in Russian).
3709:
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3680:Quigley, p. 38
3670:
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3587:
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3558:Quigley, p. 35
3546:
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3535:Quigley, p. 33
3525:
3523:Quigley, p. 32
3516:
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3505:Quigley, p. 29
3495:
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3474:(in Russian).
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3291:Schmidt, p. 61
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2894:
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2881:Yakov Sverdlov
2878:
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2873:
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2867:
2857:
2856:
2814:Andrei Gromyko
2790:Pergamon Altar
2782:Mikhail Frunze
2778:Yakov Sverdlov
2774:Andrey Zhdanov
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:Dmitry Ustinov
2719:
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2712:
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2703:
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2698:
2696:Ivan Bagramyan
2693:
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2683:Alexei Kosygin
2680:
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2670:Fyodor Kulakov
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2636:Andrei Grechko
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2593:Nikolay Krylov
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2406:Boris Vannikov
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2100:Valery Chkalov
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2055:
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2045:Ivan Tovstukha
2034:
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2008:Andrey Vasenko
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1959:Abram Goltzman
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1799:
1798:
1775:Order of Lenin
1759:
1758:
1755:Vladimir Putin
1735:
1726:In July 1989,
1724:
1719:was buried in
1713:
1705:
1701:Alexei Kosygin
1677:Pavel Belyayev
1658:
1636:Semyon Budenny
1632:Mikhail Suslov
1605:Sergei Kamenev
1550:Mikhail Frunze
1466:
1463:
1459:Nikolai Tomsky
1430:
1429:Stalin's mummy
1427:
1365:Vladimir Lenin
1350:Main article:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
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1310:Mikhail Frunze
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1197:Ivan Khomyakov
1193:Vitaly Kovshov
1189:Yakov Bocharov
1182:
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1177:
1158:Yakov Sverdlov
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:Semyon Pekalov
1143:Zamoskvorechye
1137:
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1129:
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1069:Yakov Sverdlov
1016:led by former
964:Semyon Pekalov
935:
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928:Sokol District
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649:Yakov Bocharov
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623:Ivan Khomyakov
615:
611:
610:
579:
575:
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573:, Van Chzhan.
561:Vitaly Kovshov
544:
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352:Theatre Square
300:Kremlin Senate
296:Matvey Kazakov
279:, expecting a
253:Main article:
238:
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156:is the former
148:
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57:. The tomb of
32:
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4930:Armorial Gate
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4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
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4874:Lobnoye Mesto
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4576:Vodovzvodnaya
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4504:
4503:
4493:
4491:0-674-52431-4
4487:
4482:
4481:
4474:
4470:
4468:0-88629-357-X
4464:
4460:
4459:
4453:
4449:
4447:5-275-00664-0
4443:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4425:0-87169-181-7
4421:
4416:
4415:
4408:
4404:
4402:0-8047-3644-8
4398:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4381:
4379:0-14-018293-4
4375:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4349:0-7864-0492-2
4345:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4328:0-7546-3773-5
4324:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4304:Skryty Kosmos
4301:(1995–1997).
4300:
4296:
4292:
4290:0-8014-8931-8
4286:
4282:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4269:0-674-58749-9
4265:
4261:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4248:0-8032-6212-4
4244:
4239:
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4232:
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4224:
4222:0-19-530951-0
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3796:
3791:
3788:Based on the
3785:
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3773:
3771:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3698:
3693:
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3646:
3640:
3626:
3625:www.synod.com
3622:
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3564:
3555:
3553:
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3532:
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3520:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3493:Mates, p. 370
3490:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3447:Corney, p. 43
3444:
3435:
3420:on 2009-02-20
3419:
3415:
3403:on 2009-02-21
3402:
3398:
3391:
3389:
3379:
3370:
3368:
3361:Colton, p. 85
3358:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3274:
3260:on 2021-04-16
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3116:
3115:
3112:Image Gallery
3109:
3106:
3101:
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3094:
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3081:Boris Yeltsin
3078:
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3070:
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3024:
3022:
3021:Yuri Andropov
3019:
3016:
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2949:Joseph Stalin
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2879:
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2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2829:Picea pungens
2826:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
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2755:
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2700:
2697:
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2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:Georgy Zhukov
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
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2522:
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2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:Elena Stasova
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2419:Nikolai Dygay
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2383:
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2377:
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2373:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:Ivan Tevosian
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
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2309:
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2250:
2247:
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2241:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:Anatoly Serov
2118:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:Fritz Heckert
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:Osoaviakhim-1
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:Pyotr Baranov
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:Pyotr Stuchka
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:Mikhail Larin
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:Leonid Krasin
1839:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:state funeral
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1751:Boris Yeltsin
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:Alexei Leonov
1682:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:, a group of
1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:Osoaviakhim-1
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:laid in state
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1500:
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1492:
1488:
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1479:
1471:
1462:
1460:
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1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:Joseph Stalin
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
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1297:
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1277:
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1254:
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1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Augusta Aasen
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:Inessa Armand
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:Inessa Armand
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:Inessa Armand
948:
940:
931:
929:
925:
920:
918:
913:
909:
905:
899:
897:
896:
891:
882:
880:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:hunger strike
824:
815:
807:
781:
778:
777:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
734:
731:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
699:
696:
695:
688:
685:A. Sakharov,
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
664:
657:
656:Augusta Aasen
650:
646:
643:
642:
631:
624:
616:
613:
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
580:
577:
576:
569:
562:
555:
548:
545:
542:
541:
534:
527:
520:
513:
512:Inessa Armand
509:
506:
505:
494:
490:
487:
486:
479:
471:
468:
467:
460:
456:
453:
452:
445:
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438:
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433:
429:
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420:
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364:
363:
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328:
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320:
316:
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308:
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297:
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278:
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232:
228:
224:
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214:
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195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:, located in
163:
159:
155:
144:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
65:
60:
59:Yuri Andropov
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
4853:
4709:Terem Palace
4571:Borovitskaya
4558:Kremlin Wall
4510:Find a Grave
4479:
4457:
4434:
4413:
4390:
4367:
4338:
4317:
4303:
4279:
4258:
4236:
4211:
4192:the original
4185:
4175:
4167:the original
4160:
4152:
4141:. Retrieved
4135:
4125:
4114:. Retrieved
4108:
4084:. Retrieved
4077:
4068:
4057:. Retrieved
4051:
4027:. Retrieved
4020:
4012:
4003:
3978:
3967:. Retrieved
3956:
3930:. Retrieved
3918:
3890:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3861:
3852:
3843:
3834:
3826:
3799:. Retrieved
3758:. Retrieved
3751:
3742:
3733:
3701:. Retrieved
3695:
3685:
3664:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:First Things
3648:
3639:
3628:. Retrieved
3624:
3615:
3604:. Retrieved
3600:
3590:
3579:. Retrieved
3572:
3563:
3540:
3519:
3510:
3443:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:the original
3405:. Retrieved
3401:the original
3378:
3373:Reed, p. 227
3357:
3346:. Retrieved
3336:
3327:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3296:
3273:
3262:. Retrieved
3258:the original
3254:rusmania.com
3253:
3244:
3097:
3088:
3083:removed the
3079:, President
3069:Soviet Union
3066:
2824:
2822:
2802:
2798:Vera Mukhina
2767:
2744:World War II
2741:
2709:Arvīds Pelše
2513:Yuri Gagarin
2300:Ivan Nosenko
2016:Sergey Kirov
2004:Ilya Usyskin
1983:Clara Zetkin
1967:Sen Katayama
1963:Sergey Gusev
1875:Jenő Landler
1871:Bill Haywood
1783:
1760:
1693:Yuri Gagarin
1644:Army General
1617:
1577:Okhotny Ryad
1566:
1562:Pyotr Voykov
1538:Bill Haywood
1534:Jenő Landler
1523:
1516:
1432:
1420:
1409:
1398:
1373:lay in state
1363:
1334:Pyotr Voykov
1300:Victor Nogin
1272:Yefim Afonin
1261:Otto Strupat
1241:Paul Freeman
1230:
1229:, the seven
1223:Ivan Rusakov
1167:Mark Mokryak
1089:Viktor Nogin
1067:
1058:
1033:
1011:
1007:White Guards
1003:Dorogomilovo
994:Pyotr Voykov
991:
987:Paul Freeman
960:Ivan Rusakov
921:
916:
901:
893:
884:
879:Kremlin Wall
867:
862:
846:
834:
820:
751:Otto Strupat
744:Yefim Afonin
722:Paul Freeman
597:Pyotr Voykov
547:Victor Nogin
526:Ivan Rusakov
472:Anton Khorak
459:Mark Mokryak
402:
344:tented roofs
315:Senate Tower
304:
258:
217:
215:
174:Kremlin Wall
162:Soviet Union
153:
151:
107:Soviet Union
4996:Necropoleis
4879:Tsar Cannon
4801:and gardens
4666:Oruzheynaya
4601:Petrovskaya
4586:Tainitskaya
3963:RIA Novosti
3891:On This Day
3725:RIA Novosti
3085:honor guard
2951:(died 1953)
2847:fruit flies
2825:blue spruce
2453:Frol Kozlov
2325:Sergey Zhuk
2304:Pavel Yudin
2249:Lev Mekhlis
2058:Maxim Gorky
1896:Jānis Lepse
1741:, the last
1509:A visitor (
1401:sarcophagus
1276:Ivan Zhilin
1073:Spanish flu
975:Ivan Zhilin
701:Ivan Zhilin
339:Joseph Bove
311:Alexander I
186:mass graves
172:beside the
138: /
113:Coordinates
76:Established
47:Dzerzhinsky
4986:Red Square
4955:Categories
4808:Red Square
4714:The Armory
4651:Troitskaya
4636:Nikolskaya
4631:Senatskaya
4550:Red Square
4358:Reed, John
4203:References
4162:Kommersant
4143:2009-03-31
4116:2009-03-31
4086:2009-03-31
4059:2009-03-31
4029:2009-03-31
3969:2009-03-15
3760:2009-03-31
3703:2009-03-31
3655:2022-05-10
3630:2022-05-10
3606:2022-05-10
3581:2009-03-31
3476:Kommersant
3424:2009-04-02
3407:2009-04-02
3348:2019-10-22
3264:2021-04-16
3039:Lev Kerbel
2610:Ivan Konev
1704:published.
1487:Ruthenberg
1483:Vladimirov
1399:The glass
1367:died of a
1227:Lev Karpov
1109:crematoria
1055:collieries
1014:anarchists
999:Red Guards
908:Nikolskaya
851:Bolsheviks
823:Daugavpils
554:Lev Karpov
413:Nikolskaya
307:coronation
298:built the
285:Nikolskaya
255:Red Square
178:Bolsheviks
166:Red Square
126:37°37′11″E
123:55°45′13″N
4894:Red Porch
4884:Tsar Bell
4847:Monuments
4677:buildings
4626:Spasskaya
4621:Tsarskaya
4616:Nabatnaya
3932:8 October
3872:30 August
3201:Kremlin,
3089:Post no.1
1811:Number of
1628:Politburo
1588:MiG-15UTI
1530:Comintern
1381:Politburo
1232:Aerowagon
1205:John Reed
1097:cremation
1081:John Reed
1059:aerowagon
1044:propeller
1036:Aerowagon
956:John Reed
912:John Reed
890:John Reed
519:John Reed
329:lost its
289:Spasskaya
33:Tombs of
4738:Churches
4363:"Moscow"
4360:(1977).
3866:Archived
3811:cite web
3214:See also
2567:Soyuz 11
1813:burials
1651:marshals
1600:Soyuz 11
1596:Seryogin
1491:MacManus
1439:Pantheon
1418:demurs.
261:Ivan III
218:de facto
207:cremated
92:Location
51:Brezhnev
4799:Squares
4656:Kutafya
4546:Kremlin
4004:Persona
3801:2 April
3727:. 2006.
3041:, 1986
2999:, 1983
2957:, 1970
2888:, 1946
2866:burial
2864:Year of
1808:burial
1806:Year of
1767:Soyuz 1
1592:Gagarin
1499:Haywood
1495:Landler
1445:of the
1145:gangs:
1128:burial
1126:Year of
1105:Trotsky
1093:atheism
1050:to the
919:force.
917:Dvintsy
877:to the
863:Dvintsy
847:Dvintsy
835:Dvintsy
198:granite
160:of the
104:Country
71:Details
43:Kalinin
4913:Former
4563:Towers
4488:
4465:
4444:
4422:
4399:
4376:
4346:
4325:
4287:
4266:
4245:
4219:
3207:Russia
3203:Moscow
3188:Russia
3184:Moscow
3169:Russia
3165:Moscow
3150:Russia
3146:Moscow
3131:Russia
3127:Moscow
3105:VTsIOM
3091:, see
2806:Frunze
2763:Russia
2759:Moscow
2569:crew (
1998:crew (
1816:Names
1687:, and
1671:Russia
1667:Moscow
1618:Under
1423:Tyumen
1379:, the
1369:stroke
904:Senate
788:(1918)
784:(1918)
779:No. 15
772:(1918)
768:(1921)
761:(1921)
754:(1921)
747:(1922)
740:(1919)
732:No. 14
725:(1921)
718:(1921)
711:(1921)
704:(1922)
697:No. 13
690:(1921)
682:No. 12
674:No. 11
666:No. 10
659:(1920)
652:(1920)
637:(1918)
633:(1920)
626:(1920)
619:(1917)
607:(1919)
600:(1927)
593:(1924)
586:(1922)
571:(1924)
564:(1920)
557:(1921)
550:(1924)
536:(1918)
529:(1921)
522:(1920)
515:(1920)
500:(1918)
496:(1920)
481:(1919)
474:(1918)
462:(1919)
447:(1919)
431:Grave
409:Senate
331:gothic
292:towers
170:Moscow
84:Closed
39:Stalin
35:Suslov
3313:1812.
3311:after
3236:Notes
1607:) or
1389:vault
1131:Name
644:No. 9
614:No. 8
578:No. 7
543:No. 6
507:No. 5
488:No. 4
469:No. 3
454:No. 2
439:No. 1
434:Name
273:posad
4561:and
4548:and
4486:ISBN
4463:ISBN
4442:ISBN
4420:ISBN
4397:ISBN
4374:ISBN
4344:ISBN
4323:ISBN
4285:ISBN
4264:ISBN
4243:ISBN
4217:ISBN
3934:2010
3874:2022
3821:link
3817:link
3803:2009
3030:1985
3017:1984
3004:1982
2988:1982
2975:1973
2962:1969
2945:1961
2932:1948
2919:1946
2906:1926
2893:1925
2877:1919
2784:and
2772:and
2715:1984
2702:1983
2689:1982
2676:1980
2659:1978
2646:1977
2629:1976
2616:1974
2603:1973
2586:1972
2560:1971
2539:1970
2506:1968
2489:1967
2464:1966
2446:1965
2429:1964
2412:1963
2391:1962
2378:1961
2361:1960
2348:1959
2331:1958
2314:1957
2289:1956
2276:1955
2255:1954
2242:1953
2225:1951
2212:1949
2195:1947
2182:1946
2165:1945
2152:1944
2127:1943
2106:1939
2093:1938
2076:1937
2051:1936
2030:1935
1989:1934
1948:1933
1919:1932
1902:1931
1889:1929
1864:1928
1847:1927
1834:1926
1821:1925
1753:and
1622:and
1594:and
1560:and
1410:The
1330:1927
1320:1926
1306:1925
1292:1924
1282:1923
1268:1922
1219:1921
1181:1920
1154:1919
1136:1918
1052:Tula
1042:and
985:and
962:and
906:and
411:and
350:and
287:and
265:moat
247:moat
237:Site
152:The
87:1986
79:1917
4508:at
3827:MKN
3601:CNN
2010:),
1615:).
1564:).
309:of
168:in
4957::
4366:.
4184:.
4134:.
4107:.
4095:^
4076:.
4050:.
4038:^
4002:.
3990:^
3959:)"
3942:^
3898:^
3889:.
3864:.
3860:.
3825:.
3813:}}
3809:{{
3792:.
3781:^
3769:^
3750:.
3712:^
3694:.
3673:^
3647:.
3623:.
3599:.
3571:.
3549:^
3528:^
3498:^
3484:^
3452:^
3387:^
3366:^
3282:^
3252:.
3205:,
3186:,
3167:,
3148:,
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