1884:. These were mostly named either for the location or for their constructor or occupant. The occupants, however, often changed after the expulsion, and several mountain huts especially on the now Polish side received new names. Entire colonies of mountain huts were called after the families who lived there. They are located in the higher parts or the ridge of the Krkonoše and were used by shepherds as wooden refuges in the summer. After 1800, some of the mountain huts became interesting for the first hikers, and towards the end of the 19th century many were converted into hostels. Later, these huts were often expanded to host a larger number of guests. Well-known historical mountain huts include Luční bouda, Martinova bouda and Vosecká bouda in the Czech Republic and Schronisko Strzecha Akademicka, Schronisko Samotnia and Schronisko na Hali Szrenickiej in Poland. In other places, the old mountain huts were replaced by newer buildings which were specially built for tourism purposes. Huts from the 20th century include Petrova bouda and the hut on the summit of mount Sněžka/Śnieżka.
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deutschen
Bewohnern Schlesiens und Nordböhmens sprach man vom "Gebirge", auch vom "Schneegebirge" oder dem "Böhmischen Gebirge", was man bei prominenten Autoren wie Stenus, Rätel, Schwenckfeld und weiteren nachlesen kann. Bekannter und früher erwähnt ist der höchste Berg, die Schneekoppe (Sněžka / Śnieżka), und zwar als Riesenberg, Riseberg u.a. Eine entscheidende Position als Quelle nimmt die Trautenauer Chronik des Simon Hüttel (1549) ein, wo nicht nur der höchste Berg mehrfach erwähnt wird (" ... bin ich Symon Hyttel mit eilf nachbarn von Trautenaw auf den Hrisenberg zu öberst hinauf spaziert"), sondern auch das Gebirge als Ganzes: Hrisenpergisches Gebirge, Hrisengepirge, Hrisengebirge, Risengepirge. Es sollte aber noch einige Zeit dauern, bis sich der Name Riesengebirge endgültig im deutschen Sprachgut etablierte.
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ridges down into the valleys. Races with both types of sledges were a popular pastime among the locals and became an attraction for tourists. As sledging became more and more popular competitions were organized, the most popular and earliest during the late 19th century in
Johannisbad (Janské Lázně). Around 1900, 3,930 sledges with long horn-shaped runners and 6,000 sport sledges were counted on both sides of the mountains.
1571:
1567:). His enterprising spirit was crucial for the further development of the area. For the supplement of the miners he founded many smaller towns in higher parts of the mountains. Further down in the valleys iron work furnaces were built, and water wheels provided the energy required. Due to the intensive economic activity the first deforested enclaves on hillsides and on the peaks appeared during this period.
1970:. Polish-language guidebooks to the Giant Mountains have been published since the 18th century, and in the 18th-19th centuries there were also indigenous Polish mountain guides. In the 19th century, many Czech writers visited the mountains and climbed Sněžka, which they then described in their works. Mount Sněžka was a symbol of the Slavic origin of the Czechs and a source of inspiration in the
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industry and managed mountain huts like Labská bouda and Vosecká bouda. Many of these mountain huts had previously been owned by aristocratic landowners, but were given to the Czech Hikers Club (KCT) after the Land
Control Act. This influx was stopped when the Czechoslovakian side of the mountains was occupied by Germany in 1938, and many of these Czechs left the region or were expelled.
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1467:); they first colonized the Polish (Silesian) northern part, where farming conditions were better, and later the southern Bohemian part along the Elbe and Úpa rivers. Many agricultural settlements, markets and handcraft communities and cities were founded at that time, and they formed a base for the further colonization of the mountain range.
1833:, hundreds of traditional houses and mountain huts decayed or turned into architecturally worthless objects and countless memorials, chapels, shrines, landmarks and springs were destroyed, because they were either German-related or ecclesiastic. New Polish names were issued by political decree in the Polish northern Giant Mountains.
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The higher parts form the montane vegetation zone. Their natural coniferous forests have also in large parts been replaced by spruce monocultures, which are often heavily damaged due to air pollution and soil acidification. In many places, the forest is dead. This is due to the geographic location in
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Bei Paul Stránský erscheint 1643 der Satz: "Krkonosse nostrum vulgus accolae
Germani alterum Schneekippe, alterum ab arbusculis, quae in eo humiles sunt, Knieholz, quidam vero montes gigantum appellant" (Schwarz, 1961, p. 95). Damit sei auch die Bedeutung des Namens angesprochen, jedenfalls wird auf
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was established in
Jungbuch (Mladé Buky) by master carpenter Franz Baudisch. The first crossing of the main ridge was done in 1892/93. Skiing as a popular sport was mainly brought forward by forest wardens, teachers and industrialists and business people who provided money to create and maintain the
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The ridges are divided by the rivers Elbe, Mumlava, Bílé Labe, Velka Úpa, Malá Úpa and Jizera, which originates in the Jizera mountains. The rivers on the Czech side often fall over steep edges into valleys formed by ice-age glaciers. The largest waterfalls on the southern side of the mountains are
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The towns and villages of the Giant
Mountains became a popular venue for national and international competitions, its athletes ranked among the best of the era. The first German Nordic combined champion was a local, the competition itself was staged in Schreiberhau (Szklarska Poręba). Schreiberhau
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resettled the area, while Czechs re-settled the southern
Bohemian side of the mountain range. Today the population density of the area of the national park is two-thirds lower than before World War II, as it is a protected area, and many houses are only used at weekends, for recreational purposes.
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In the 14th–16th centuries, miners, glassmakers, charcoal burners, woodcutters and shepherds settled in the mountains. The first glassworks reportedly was established in the Cicha Dolina ("Silent Valley") at the foot of the
Grzybowiec mountain on the Polish side already in the 13th century, yet it
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described a sledging of ten kilometres (6.2 miles) from
Grenzbauden (Pomezní boudy) to Schmiedeberg (Kowary) already in 1817. Much earlier however heavy sledges already transported timber and hay whereas smaller and more manoeuvrable sledges, so called "Hitsch'n", were used to get faster from the
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such as the Obří důl, Labský důl and Důl Bílého Labe on the south side and the dramatic Śnieżne Kotły, Kocioł Łomniczki and the calderas of mountain lakes Wielki Staw and Mały Staw on the north side of the main ridge. The species-richest areas are called zahrádka ("garden"). There are about 15 in
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The first people who explored the inner parts of the Giant
Mountains were treasure hunters and miners looking for gold, silver, ores and valuable stones, mainly on the Silesian side. In the 14th and 15th centuries foreigners who spoke a non-German language came to the mountains. They were called
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The climate of the Giant Mountains is marked by frequent weather changes. The winters are cold and snow depths above 3 metres (9.8 feet) are not uncommon. Many parts of the mountains are covered with snow for five or six months. There is often dense fog at the higher altitudes. On average, mount
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of 1618–1648 sparked further exploration and settlement of the Giant Mountains, as the inhabitants, fleeing from the armies, took refuge in the mountains, sometimes founding new villages. Religious refugees from the Bohemian part fled to the Silesian part of the mountains, where they settled in
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Der Name Riesengebirge ist jung und hat sich erst im 19. Jahrhundert richtig durchgesetzt, als der 1880 gegründete Riesengebirgsverein dieses bemerkenswerte Mittelgebirge als Wander- und Wintersportgebiet propagierte, das von Prag und Berlin aus in wenigen Bahnstunden zu erreichen war. Bei den
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Around 1900 a number of sports clubs were founded in the Giant Mountains. The leading role of the region back then was emphasised by the fact that 5 of the 12 founding clubs of the Austrian Ski Federation (ÖSV) were located in this part of the Bohemia, that the office of the ÖSV was located in
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With the development of settlement and tourism, there have been cases of deaths from falls from heights, straying and freezing or from avalanches. The oldest surviving records of avalanches date back to the 17th century, whereas the oldest surviving monument to a mountain victim is located on
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was founded, and in the following years there was an influx of Czechs on the Bohemian side of the mountains. Usually these people worked for the government (in contrast to the German inhabitants they spoke both Czech and German, which was required), but some of them also worked in the tourism
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region, created another group of inhabitants who spoke a different German dialect and brought another domestic culture to the Krkonoše. On the mountain hillsides they founded new settlements, laid down the basis for later farming by breeding cattle and built wooden dams to retain the water.
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The clearing of forests in the surroundings of mountain huts created species-rich mountain meadows, which were maintained in alpine pasture farming. After the expulsion of Germans in 1945, this type of management largely came to a standstill and the mountain meadows were largely abandoned.
2169:(DSV). After the breakup of Austro-Hungary and the creation of Czechoslovakia the German clubs of the Bohemian side of the Giant mountains joined the newly founded HDW, an association for all German winter sports clubs in Czechoslovakia, whereas the small Czech minority joined the
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crossed the Giant Mountains during his reprisal campaign against Bohemia in 1110. Until the establishment of Poland in the 10th-11th century the mountain range and its foothills were unpopulated, with deep, impenetrable forests. The Polish part was administratively part of the
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emissions, which are mainly responsible for acid rain, and the emission of many other concentrations have been greatly reduced since the beginning of the 1990s, but the forest die-back, which started in the 1970s and culminated in the late 1980s, could not be stopped entirely.
1350:, KPN) was created in 1959 and covers an area of 55.8 square kilometres (21.5 square miles). It covers the highly sensitive higher parts of the mountain range from an altitude of about 900 to 1,000 metres (3,000 to 3,300 feet) and some special nature reserves below this zone.
1577:, who in former times supplied the mountain huts during most of the year. The picture shows members of the Hofer and Mitlöhner families, two long-established dynasties from the eastern part of the Bohemian side of the mountains. The ancestors of both families came from
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on the Bohemian side. The touristic development of the Krkonoše was one of their goals, and this primarily meant the construction of hiking trails. In the following years they created a network of 3,000 kilometres (1,900 miles), with 500 kilometres (310 miles) on the
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Sněžka/Śnieżka is at least partly hidden in fog and/or clouds on 296 days, and has an average of about 0.2 °C, which is similar to places much further north, like Iceland. The main ridge is one of the most wind-exposed areas of Europe. On the northern side the
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There are also many impressive rock formations, such as Dívčí kameny-Śląskie Kamienie and Mužské kameny-Czeskie Kamienie, above 1,400 metres (4,600 feet) on the main ridge, Harrachovy kameny on the Czech side, and Pielgrzymy and Słonecznik in Poland. These
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The area of the Giant Mountains amounts to 631 square kilometres (244 square miles), 454 square kilometres (175 square miles) within the Czech Republic and 177 square kilometres (68 square miles) in Poland. While most of the Sudetes are middle-sized
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started in many places, which caused irreparable damage. These orders led to the third wave of colonization, which fully affected the mountain ridges. In 1566 he invited lumberjacks from Alpine countries to settle in his domain. These people from
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settlers in the Bohemian part goes back to the 13th century, but only includes the foothills; the mountain ridges were still unpopulated. The second wave of colonization of the foothills in the late 13th century was mostly by German settlers
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the Labský vodopád with a height of 50 metres (160 feet), Pančavský waterfall (140 metres (460 feet), the highest waterfall in the Czech Republic), Horní Úpský waterfall, Dolní Úpský waterfall and Mumlavský waterfall (10 metres or 33
1502:), and their journeys to the "treasure" deposits were recorded in so-called "Wallenbüchern" (Wallen books). Mysterious orientation signs from these "Wallen" are visible to this day, especially on the northern side of the mountains.
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After the defeat of Germany in the war, the mountains became again part Czechoslovakia and Poland, although with Soviet-installed communist regimes, which stayed in power until the 1980s. Almost the entire German population was
1663:) in German, remained in the higher parts of the mountains, which were used during the cattle pasturage in the summer and sometimes even through the winter. Among the oldest are Luční bouda, Stara Śląska Buda at
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1421:, between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and then between Poland and the Czech Republic. Apart from minor adjustments, the boundary has survived unchanged to this day. It is disputed whether the Polish ruler
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After World War II, ski resorts expanded with new lifts and slopes on both sides of the mountains, while the traditional mountain huts were neglected. Many were victims of fires, such as Labská bouda,
1796:. The camps held prisoners of various nationalities, including Polish (often women and sometimes even children), Italian, French, Jewish, Czech, Belgian, Luxembourgish, Ukrainian and Russian. Belgian,
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The main ridge of the Giant Mountains forms the watershed between the North Sea and the Baltic. The rivers on the south side drain into the North Sea, those on the north side into the Baltic.
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The strict conservation regulations of the Polish national park prohibit reforestation of damaged and dead forests. On the Czech side, however, large-scale reforestation projects are common.
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existed nearby already in the 12th century, however, the oldest villages on the foothills on the Polish side were founded in the 13th century. Among the first native inhabitants were
2129:(Szczecin). A pair of them, the first recorded skis in the Giant Mountains, ended up at the Peterbaude (Petrovka). The locals however didn't know their purpose, and it wasn't until
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During the 17th century the mountain range on the Bohemian side was divided among new landowners, most of them Catholics and foreign to the region. These included the families of
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The Giant Mountains form one of the most traditional tourist areas in Central Europe. As early as the 18th and 19th centuries, ascents of the Sněžka were common, for instance by
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3109:, Verein zur Erforschung und Darstellung der Geschichte Kreuzbergs and Bezirksmuseum Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (eds.), Berlin: Kreuzberg-Museum, 2007, pp. 54 and 74.
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2133:"Paa ski over Grønland" (The First Crossing of Greenland) was translated into German in 1891 that skiing became popular. At the same year the first ski manufacture of
1339:. Its area is approximately 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi), including not only the subalpine zone but also large parts down to the foot of the mountains.
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recorded in 1679 that the mountains were known under various names: Krkonoše (Cerconossios), Rhipaeos Montes, Obrovski Mountains, Snow Mountains or Riesen Gebirge.
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appeared for the first time, but in the following centuries several other names were still used too. Martin Helwig's map of Silesia mentions Riſenberg (Risenberg).
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There are hundreds of kilometres of cycling and cross country roads, natural single tracks and demanding rock garden downhill courses in Karkonosze National Park.
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1529:, directly below mount Sněžka/Śnieżka, and at the same time many other mines were opened in other central parts of the mountains, like Svatý Petr, now part of
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Przerwa, Tomasz (2020). "Zatrudnienie jeńców belgijskich, francuskich i radzieckich przy budowie Drogi na Przełęcz Karkonoską (Spindlerpaßstraße) 1940–1942".
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is within the Giant Mountains. The range has a number of major ski resorts, and is a popular destination for tourists engaging in downhill and cross-country
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the following year. The Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society re-opened several mountain huts. The cross-border hiking trail on the main ridge called "
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which often resemble humans or animals, and reach heights up to 30 metres (98 feet). Similar formations can be found in other parts of the Sudetes.
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enlarged the Erdmannsdorf manor house. Many new parks were created and manors and palaces rebuilt according to the newest architectural styles.
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1705:, now a district of Jelenia Góra) with its hot springs became a popular bath and tourist centre on the northern side of the mountains. In 1822
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The population exchange also led to a decline of the cultural landscape. In large parts of the mountains the meadows ran to seed, settlements
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Since the Middle Ages, a state border has been established in the Giant Mountains, first between Poland and Bohemia, then between the Polish
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valley, whereas the southern Czech part slopes gently to the Bohemian basin. In the north-easterly direction the Giant Mountains continue to
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The Giant Mountains are a traditional winter sports centre in Central Europe. The largest mountain resorts are located on the Czech side in
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trails run across Polish and Czech Republic's borders and are set against forested mountain sides, green pastures, lakes and cold rivers.
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from neighbouring Brückenberg (Karpacz) won the European luge championships many times. The first Rendezvous race, predecessor of today's
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2165:) and that the first president of the ÖSV was Guido Rotter, a local from the mountains. The clubs on the Silesian side were part of the
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Estate, which he had learned to appreciate when visiting his brother in Fischbach and the previous owner of Erdmannsdorf, field marshal
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2064:" was closed in the 1980s for all but Polish and Czechoslovak citizens. The mountains are on the route of main Sudetes hiking trail,
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2213:; the length of the trail is approx. 30 km; the level of difficulty is moderate. The trail partially overlaps with ski trails.
1682:, Morzin and de Waggi. Disputes about the borders of each domain soon followed, but were settled between 1790 and 1810. Since the
1667:, Pomezní bouda and Brádlerova bouda founded in the 1620s and 1630s. The entire mountain range became a densely populated region.
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changed the character of the mountains and shaped the cultural landscape significantly. Hundreds of families, especially from the
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The Bohemian ridge in the Czech Republic, running parallel to the main ridge, forms a second ridge (also called inner ridge). At
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built numerous holiday villas on the Silesian side, many of which are preserved to this day and provide a special flair, as in
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and Soviet prisoners of war, and possibly also Czech and Polish civilians, were used to build a road connecting the village of
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The main ridge of the mountains runs from east to west and forms the border between these two countries. Its highest peak,
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was introduced during the same time when in 1880 Dr. Krause from Hirschberg (Jelenia Gora) bought some Norwegian skis in
2076:), which follows the main ridge. Today, the Giant Mountains are a popular holiday destination in both summer and winter.
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2048:. Similarly many hiking trails, ski jumps and luge tracks fell into disrepair due to lack of care. In 1945, the Polish
2872:
Bartkowski, Zbigniew (1972). "Obozy pracy przymusowej i obozy jenieckie na Ziemi Jeleniogróskiej w latach 1939–1945".
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In the 1970s and 1980s, Polish and Czech anti-communist activists met illegally in the Giant Mountains. Following the
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aristocrat and royal senior captain of King Ferdinand I, appeared in the Krkonoše and obtained the entire dominion of
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the Black Triangle, a region around the German–Polish–Czech border triangle with many coal-burning power plants. The
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visited the Giant Mountains in 1800. At the end of the 19th century two mountain clubs were founded, the German
2676:(2008). "High-mountain elements in the geomorphology of the Sudetes, Bohemian Massif, and their significance".
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2015:
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2663:'Der Wanderer im Riesengebirge, Nr.3, 1929, Deutscher Riesengebirgsverein (RGV), Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau
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acquired parts of the mountains, and the town of Vrchlabí served as a base for armament of his army. The
1382:) on mount Sněžka/Śnieżka. The highest precipitation, at 1,512 mm (59.5 in), is reached in the
2018:
between 1888 and 1894 the garden architect Hermann Mächtig designed its waterfall after the Zackelfall (
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is a frequent meteorological phenomenon. The annual precipitation ranges from about 700 millimetres (28
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1808:("Borowice Road"). Poor sanitary and feeding conditions resulted in a high mortality rate, and after a
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1729:. The valley became a princely hideaway, and in 1838 the king purchased nearby Schildau Castle (today
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certainly operated in the 14th–16th centuries. In the mid-14th century, there were also glassworks in
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528:, derived from "nosit" (to carry). Alternative linguistic theories mention a connection with the pre–
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431:), is the Czech Republic's highest natural point with an elevation of 1,603 metres (5,259 ft).
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dynasty who took his summer residence in the Hirschberg (Jelenia Góra) valley, at Fischbach (today
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The mountain range is traversed by the cross-border hiking trail along the main ridge called the "
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north of them since the Middle Ages), defines the border between Bohemia and Silesia to this day.
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dominions (which family owned the Silesian part of the mountains, as well as large estates in the
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2513:. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization. p. 36. Archived from
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mountains, the Giant Mountains have a few characteristics of proper high mountains such as
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Geographishe Namen in den Böhmischen Ländern – ein Online-Wörterbuch von Walter Sperling (
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The range has been called the Giant Mountains in English literature since at least 1719.
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On both sides of the border, large areas of the mountains are designated national parks (
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1514:. Later on, glassworkers from Bohemia also moved to the Silesian part of the mountains.
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The Giant Mountains within the geomorphological division of the northern Czech Republic.
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hiked through the mountains to find inspiration. Future President of the United States
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By order of Christopher von Gendorf, widespread timber cutting for the silver mine in
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near two provincial paths between Bohemia and Poland in the 12th century. The town of
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Above the timber line at about 1,250 to 1,350 m (4,100 to 4,430 ft) is the
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altgriechisch krka = Knieholz hingewiesen, der Name würde "Knieholzberg" bedeuten.
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Typical for the Giant Mountains are its numerous mountain huts, which are called
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2010:(Jelenia Góra), enabled a convenient and speedy arrival. On laying out Berlin's
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1978:(19th century period of industrial and economic growth) many manufacturers from
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As a result, the mountains became one of the most popular vacation areas in the
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Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
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needed infrastructure and sponsored equipment for poorer people and schools.
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into two parts. The first map occurrence of the name dates back to 1518 to
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Western Giant Mountains, Eastern Giant Mountains, Wielki Staw and Mały Staw
706:(13.3 metres or 44 feet) Wodospad na Łomnicy (10 m or 33 ft) or
694:). The most important rivers on the Polish side are Kamienna, Łomnica and
1463:
1446:
1308:
On both the Czech and Polish side, large parts of the mountain range are
1214:
1116:
741:
691:
637:
623:
420:
63:
2595:
2234:
1959:
Sněžka/Śnieżka and commemorates Jan Pieniążek-Odrowąż who died in 1828.
1556:
1540:
2275:
2157:
Hohenelbe (Vrchlabí) for the first three years (afterwards it moved to
2146:
1889:
1830:
1785:
1752:
1632:
1371:
675:
1991:
1730:
1210:. The aboriginal hardwood and mixed forests are largely replaced with
1166:
653:
2441:
Alpine vegetation zone at the main ridge 1,400 m (4,600 ft)
2265:
2162:
2093:
1793:
1430:
1254:
1188:
819:
630:
521:
125:
3177:
3235:
3127:
2202:
2126:
1995:
1966:. In the 19th century, the most numerous tourists were Germans and
1857:
1718:
1479:
1277:
1046:
626:
534:
2504:"The Krkonoše / Karkonosze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (BRKK)"
2052:("Lower Silesian Tourist and Sightseeing Society") was founded in
411:). The Czech–Polish border, which divides the historic regions of
2351:
2271:
2105:
2073:
2033:
1999:
1952:
1893:
1679:
1624:
1578:
1518:
1433:. The first traces of human settlements probably appeared in the
1398:
1288:
Krkonoše, for example Čertova zahrádka und Krakonošova zahrádka.
641:
550:
539:
508:. The origin of the name is usually interpreted as a compound of
497:
463:
416:
412:
404:
258:
1570:
1427:
695:
2426:
2410:
2394:
2281:
2238:
2158:
2109:
1979:
1809:
1789:
1674:
Vosecká bouda, one of the few huts managed by Czechs after 1918
1457:
1442:
1301:
459:
455:
400:
71:
3320:
2619:
Lech Rugała, "O nazewnictwie Sudetów", Sudety Klub of Poznan,
2206:
1946:(Giant Mountains Club) on the Silesian side and the Austrian
1825:
1499:
1453:
and hunters, and the first immigrants were gold prospectors.
1394:
1217:. Only the river valleys offer remnants of hardwood forests.
2022:) and a gully after Wolfsschlucht (Vlčí rokle in Adršpach).
1331:, KRNAP) was created in 1963 as the second national park in
1220:
3346:
3003:
Monitor Polski, Dziennik Urzędowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
1564:
1379:
1378:) at the foot of the mountains up to 1,230 millimetres (48
1375:
603:
451:
3250:
3072:
1474:
granted the western portion of the Giant Mountains to the
667:
595:(Polish) became widely accepted only in the 19th century.
3140:.see references for bibliographical details, p. 34.
3060:
3048:
2806:
2378:
Panorama of the Giant Mountains from the south (from the
3266:
3156:
3154:
3089:
3087:
3014:
3012:
2758:
2746:
1812:
epidemic broke out in 1942 the construction was halted.
492:
name "Krkonoše" is first mentioned (in the singular, as
3258:
2782:
2724:
2722:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2690:
1261:. They are endemic, which means they only appear here.
3132:(1977), Ostfildern/Kemnat and Munich: Baedeker, 1988,
716:
3151:
3084:
3036:
3024:
3009:
2794:
2511:
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve on the Czech-Polish boundary
2479:. University of Adam Mickiewicz. 2008. Archived from
1840:, presidents of Czechoslovakia and Poland met at the
1291:
2818:
2770:
2734:
2719:
2702:
2325:– Scientific journal from the Krkonoše National Park
2173:, an association for all Czech winter sports clubs.
1880:, which means booth or building. The Polish name is
1847:
1768:
There was no fighting in the Giant Mountains during
1543:
Castle built by Christopher von Gendorf in 1545–1546
395:), are a mountain range located in the north of the
1365:
View from the main ridge towards the Bohemian ridge
496:) in a 1492 record of the division of the Manor of
444:
Krkonoše/Karkonosze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve
2996:"Rozporządzenie Ministra Administracji Publicznej"
2898:
2896:
2425:Panorama of Giant Mountains from the north (from
2409:Panorama of Giant Mountains from the north (from
2393:Panorama of Giant Mountains from the north (from
2050:Dolnośląskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze
660:) at Jakuszyce forms the western border with the
640:, is the highest peak of the Czech Republic. The
572:In 1380, Přibík Pulkava called the mountains the
3448:
3214:(in Polish). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie.
1206:The river valleys and lower layers form the sub-
698:. They also form impressive waterfalls, such as
49:Sněžka – the highest peak of the Giant Mountains
2621:Portal INTERIA.PL – więcej niż się spodziewasz!
1639:). Following the war, several cottages, called
644:northern part, in Poland, drops steeply to the
419:, runs along the main ridge. The highest peak,
2893:
2216:
1386:in the valleys at the foot of the main ridge.
3306:
2233:The Giant Mountains is the legendary home of
1517:In 1511 German miners from the region around
1280:). Only grass, moss and lichen survive here.
3188:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2248:The Giant Mountains provide the setting for
1335:, making it the oldest national park in the
524:(a reference to the local vegetation) – and
442:in Poland), and these together comprise the
1872:in German. Both names are derived from the
686:the river Elbe divides the Bohemian ridge.
3313:
3299:
2871:
1721:) castle. In 1831 the king himself bought
1635:) and Jagniątków (present-day district of
549:In Simon Hüttel's chronicle of Trautenau (
504:, when it is referred to the mountains as
3283:Giant Mountains On The Bike – Photography
3267:Official Karkonoski Park Narodowy website
3005:. Vol. XXVII, no. A - 44. 1949.
1304:on the northern, Polish side of the range
629:and an elevation significantly above the
3251:Official tourist website of the Krkonose
3206:tr. by John Chamberlayne. London: Senex.
3172:
2666:
2228:
2177:also hosted several luge championships.
2140:
2024:
1907:
1851:
1751:
1669:
1569:
1535:
1393:
1360:
1295:
1240:
1219:
666:
656:. The pass Novosvětský průsmyk (Polish:
602:
473:
2841:
2586:
2495:
2296:, mountain resort in the Czech Republic
1804:with Przełęcz Karkonoska, now known as
1631:, Michałowice (present-day district of
14:
3449:
3259:Official Krkonoše národní park website
3209:
3160:
3093:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2713:
2696:
2501:
2465:
2058:Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society
3462:Mountain ranges of the Czech Republic
3330:Mountain ranges of the Czech Republic
3294:
2867:
2865:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2672:
2252:'s "Der Hirt des Riesengebürgs," or "
814:Highest peak in the Western Krkonoše
382:
353:
336:
2589:"Historické proměny krajiny Krkonoš"
2237:, a half-mischievous, half-friendly
576:(Snowy Mountains). The Czech writer
2876:(in Polish). Vol. X. Wrocław:
2518:(PDF file, direct download 2.00 MB)
2366:Mały Szyszak, view from Tępy Szczyt
2254:The Shepherd of the Giant Mountains
777:Highest peak of the Bohemian Ridge
717:Highest peaks and peaks of interest
24:
2862:
2830:
2259:
1456:The first wave of colonization by
1292:National parks and nature reserves
25:
3478:
3229:
2201:". The start point is located on
1955:(main) and Bohemian ridge alone.
1848:Mountain huts and rock formations
1619:Marysin (present-day district of
3435:
3322:
2878:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
2434:
2418:
2402:
2386:
2371:
2359:
2336:
481:on Klaudyán map of Bohemia, 1518
43:
3166:
3130:Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
3120:
3099:
2988:
2965:
2942:
2919:
2884:
2079:
1737:, Princess of the Netherlands.
1686:Silesia had become part of the
448:Man and the Biosphere Programme
27:Czech and Polish mountain range
2657:
2635:
2613:
2580:
2541:
2532:
2116:August Neidhardt von Gneisenau
1713:, was the first prince of the
755:Highest peak; cabin lift from
542:and refers to a pre-Celtic or
13:
1:
3196:
2844:Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny
2646:Prof. em. Dr. Walter Sperling
2587:Holubec, Pavel (2003-04-17).
2568:Prof. em. Dr. Walter Sperling
2553:Prof. em. Dr. Walter Sperling
2458:
2199:Polish–Czech Friendship Trail
2062:Polish–Czech Friendship Trail
1990:to Schreiberhau from Berlin,
1709:, a brother of Prussian king
678:and an old mountain hut, 1900
407:mountain system (part of the
2562:) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem
2316:
2250:Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué
2056:, which was merged with the
1913:Morning in the Riesengebirge
1283:Especially species-rich are
1184:1,021 m (3,350 ft)
1162:1,036 m (3,399 ft)
1139:1,235 m (4,052 ft)
1113:1,299 m (4,262 ft)
1097:1,315 m (4,314 ft)
1074:1,344 m (4,409 ft)
1054:1,362 m (4,469 ft)
1036:1,363 m (4,472 ft)
1018:1,377 m (4,518 ft)
993:1,390 m (4,560 ft)
975:1,411 m (4,629 ft)
957:1,414 m (4,639 ft)
939:1,416 m (4,646 ft)
921:1,421 m (4,662 ft)
903:1,424 m (4,672 ft)
884:1,435 m (4,708 ft)
866:1,440 m (4,720 ft)
848:1,472 m (4,829 ft)
830:1,489 m (4,885 ft)
811:1,509 m (4,951 ft)
793:1,554 m (5,098 ft)
774:1,555 m (5,102 ft)
752:1,603 m (5,259 ft)
598:
289:Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic
76:1,603 m (5,259 ft)
7:
2446:
2217:Mountain biking and cycling
1764:POWs killed by Nazi Germany
710:(10 m or 33 ft).
652:, and in the south-east to
538:, which is first listed by
10:
3483:
2594:(in Czech). Archived from
2538:Nieuwentyt (1719), p. 504.
2473:"Karkonoski National Park"
2329:
2100:and on the Polish side in
1915:, early 1810s painting by
1903:
1389:
1356:
438:in the Czech Republic and
138:
3467:Mountain ranges of Poland
3433:
3412:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
3337:
3204:The Religious Philosopher
2192:
1986:(formerly Schreiberhau).
1251:subalpine vegetation zone
384:[ˈʁiːzn̩ɡəˌbɪʁɡə]
293:
283:
257:
252:
238:
199:
192:, Úpa, Mumlava, Bóbr and
184:
176:
158:
154:Czech Republic and Poland
150:
145:
124:
119:
80:
70:
59:
54:
42:
37:
32:
3362:Elbe Sandstone Mountains
3352:Central Bohemian Uplands
2187:Nordic Ski Championships
1744:In 1918 the Republic of
1701:At first Bad Warmbrunn (
1612:Albrecht von Wallenstein
1348:Karkonoski Park Narodowy
1344:Karkonosze National Park
1201:
702:(27 metres or 89 feet),
555:Hrisenpergisches Gebirge
469:
440:Karkonosze National Park
3422:Upper Palatinate Forest
3377:Hostýn-Vsetín Mountains
3236:Giant Mountains website
3185:Encyclopædia Britannica
2880:. pp. 98–103, 111.
1820:in accordance with the
1684:Treaty of Berlin (1742)
1549:Christopher von Gendorf
1329:Krkonošský národní park
1123:, TV tower, ski resort
502:Klaudyán map of Bohemia
3210:Staffa, Marek (2001).
2302:, ski resort in Poland
2167:German Ski Association
2153:
2037:
1972:Czech National Revival
1932:Caspar David Friedrich
1928:Johann Wolfgang Goethe
1919:
1917:Caspar David Friedrich
1861:
1765:
1703:Cieplice Śląskie Zdrój
1675:
1582:
1544:
1417:, between Germany and
1402:
1366:
1325:Krkonoše National Park
1305:
1266:alpine vegetation zone
1246:
1225:
915:Harrachowskie Kamienie
679:
657:
608:
553:) from 1549 the names
482:
466:and other activities.
436:Krkonoše National Park
428:
399:and the south-west of
376:
3179:"Riesengebirge"
2874:Rocznik Jeleniogórski
2312:in the Czech Republic
2290:in the Czech Republic
2268:in the Czech Republic
2229:Legend and literature
2144:
2028:
1974:movement. During the
1911:
1855:
1755:
1711:Frederick William III
1673:
1573:
1539:
1472:Bernard the Lightsome
1423:Bolesław III Wrymouth
1409:and Bohemia, between
1397:
1364:
1299:
1253:, which is marked by
1244:
1223:
1079:Rokytnice nad Jizerou
670:
606:
477:
351:Polish pronunciation:
104:50.73611°N 15.74028°E
38:Krkonoše / Karkonosze
3392:Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge
3081:, pp. 127, 169.
2066:Główny Szlak Sudecki
2046:Prinz-Heinrich-Baude
1739:Frederick William IV
1727:August von Gneisenau
1610:In the 17th century
1581:in the 16th century.
1482:, and in 1292, Duke
837:Violík (Labský štít)
583:The modern names of
450:. The source of the
355:[karkɔˈnɔʂɛ]
338:[ˈkr̩konoʃɛ]
159:Regions, Voivodeship
3069:, pp. 126–127.
3057:, pp. 242–243.
2890:Przerwa, pp. 10, 12
2679:Geographia Polonica
2564:Collegium Carolinum
2205:and the end in the
2004:Deutsche Luft Hansa
1948:Riesengebirgsverein
1944:Riesengebirgsverein
1842:Przełęcz Karkonoska
1782:Przełęcz Karkonoska
1733:) for his daughter
1696:Jelenia Góra Valley
1525:started working in
1490:in the east to the
1476:Knights Hospitaller
219: /
100: /
3402:Lusatian Mountains
3387:Javořice Highlands
3275:Riesengebirge Club
3241:2007-04-29 at the
2815:, p. 104–105.
2767:, pp. 51, 60.
2755:, pp. 54, 89.
2651:2012-05-05 at the
2626:2011-08-19 at the
2573:2016-03-03 at the
2558:2016-03-03 at the
2154:
2038:
1920:
1874:Middle High German
1862:
1776:camps, located in
1766:
1688:Kingdom of Prussia
1676:
1583:
1545:
1512:Vysoké nad Jizerou
1484:Bolko I the Strict
1441:and probably also
1403:
1367:
1306:
1247:
1226:
680:
658:Przełęcz Szklarska
609:
483:
267:Caledonian orogeny
109:50.73611; 15.74028
55:Highest point
3444:
3443:
3427:White Carpathians
3367:Fichtel Mountains
2850:. Opole: 5, 8–9.
2791:, pp. 70–71.
2699:, pp. 42–43.
2030:Vang stave church
2002:, and later even
1988:Direct rail links
1940:John Quincy Adams
1936:Carl Gustav Carus
1838:Fall of Communism
1822:Potsdam Agreement
1616:Thirty Years' War
1199:
1198:
911:Harrachovy kameny
863:Kleine Sturmhaube
650:Rudawy Janowickie
446:under the UNESCO
335:
318:
317:
247:Rudawy Janowickie
223:50.767°N 15.617°E
201:Range coordinates
16:(Redirected from
3474:
3439:
3397:Jizera Mountains
3357:Doupov Mountains
3331:
3327:
3326:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3225:
3202:Nieuwentyt, Dr.
3190:
3189:
3181:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3149:
3124:
3118:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2973:"veselyvylet.cz"
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2950:"veselyvylet.cz"
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2927:"veselyvylet.cz"
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2904:"veselyvylet.cz"
2900:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2839:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2717:
2711:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2483:on June 14, 2013
2469:
2438:
2422:
2406:
2390:
2375:
2363:
2340:
2323:Opera Corcontica
2300:Szklarska Poręba
2131:Fridtjof Nansens
2102:Szklarska Poręba
2020:Kamieńczyk Falls
1984:Szklarska Poręba
1856:Mountain hut on
1655:) in Polish and
1621:Szklarska Poręba
1508:Szklarska Poręba
1451:charcoal burners
1435:Duchy of Bohemia
1224:View from Sněžka
1187:Chairlifts from
1165:Highest peak of
1059:Szklarska Poręba
1009:
951:Śląskie Kamienie
933:Czeskie Kamienie
900:Große Sturmhaube
721:
720:
700:Kamieńczyk Falls
662:Jizera Mountains
394:
393:
392:
386:
381:
371:
365:
364:
363:
357:
352:
348:
347:
346:
340:
333:
243:Jizera Mountains
234:
233:
231:
230:
229:
224:
220:
217:
216:
215:
212:
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
47:
30:
29:
21:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3431:
3407:Maple Mountains
3372:Giant Mountains
3342:Bohemian Forest
3333:
3329:
3321:
3319:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3243:Wayback Machine
3232:
3222:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3152:
3125:
3121:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3045:, pp. 242.
3041:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3010:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2870:
2863:
2840:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2653:Wayback Machine
2640:
2636:
2630:
2628:Wayback Machine
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2575:Wayback Machine
2560:Wayback Machine
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2506:
2502:UNESCO (2011).
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2453:Grzbiet Lasocki
2449:
2442:
2439:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2367:
2364:
2355:
2341:
2332:
2319:
2310:mountain resort
2306:Špindlerův Mlýn
2294:Pec pod Sněžkou
2262:
2260:Important towns
2243:German folklore
2231:
2223:Mountain biking
2219:
2195:
2181:and his sister
2151:Pec pod Sněžkou
2135:Austria-Hungary
2090:Špindlerův Mlýn
2086:Pec pod Sněžkou
2082:
2070:Świeradów Zdrój
1998:(Szczecin) and
1930:. Artists like
1906:
1850:
1806:Droga Borowicka
1760:, dedicated to
1531:Špindlerův Mlýn
1488:Grzbiet Lasocki
1392:
1359:
1318:nature reserves
1294:
1285:glacial cirques
1204:
1144:Špindlerův Mlýn
1142:Chairlift from
1077:Chairlift from
1057:Chairlift from
1003:
787:Studzienna Góra
757:Pec pod Sněžkou
719:
684:Špindlerův Mlýn
620:glacial cirques
601:
578:Bohuslav Balbín
544:Germanic people
472:
409:Bohemian Massif
388:
387:
379:
367:
359:
358:
350:
342:
341:
322:Giant Mountains
314:
279:
227:
225:
221:
218:
213:
210:
208:
206:
205:
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
50:
33:Giant Mountains
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3480:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3231:
3230:External links
3228:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3207:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3176:, ed. (1911).
3174:Chisholm, Hugh
3165:
3163:, p. 180.
3150:
3119:
3105:Rike Fischer,
3098:
3096:, p. 154.
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3033:, p. 149.
3023:
3021:, p. 184.
3008:
2987:
2964:
2941:
2918:
2892:
2883:
2861:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2803:, p. 104.
2793:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2718:
2701:
2689:
2665:
2656:
2634:
2612:
2579:
2540:
2531:
2520:on May 1, 2015
2494:
2477:National Parks
2463:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2383:
2380:Czech Republic
2377:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2358:
2356:
2342:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2269:
2261:
2258:
2230:
2227:
2218:
2215:
2194:
2191:
2081:
2078:
2006:air links via
1924:Theodor Körner
1905:
1902:
1849:
1846:
1826:eastern Poland
1746:Czechoslovakia
1547:In the 1530s,
1498:"Wallen" (see
1492:Krzeszów Abbey
1470:In 1281, Duke
1419:Czechoslovakia
1407:Duchy of Jawor
1399:Chojnik castle
1391:
1388:
1358:
1355:
1337:Czech Republic
1333:Czechoslovakia
1314:national parks
1293:
1290:
1274:Studniční hora
1231:sulfur dioxide
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
997:
996:
994:
991:
988:
985:
979:
978:
976:
973:
972:Schwarze Koppe
970:
967:
961:
960:
958:
955:
952:
949:
943:
942:
940:
937:
934:
931:
925:
924:
922:
919:
916:
913:
907:
906:
904:
901:
898:
895:
888:
887:
885:
882:
879:
876:
870:
869:
867:
864:
861:
856:
852:
851:
849:
846:
843:
838:
834:
833:
831:
828:
825:
822:
820:Stříbrný hřbet
816:
815:
812:
809:
806:
804:Wielki Szyszak
801:
797:
796:
794:
791:
788:
785:
783:Studniční hora
779:
778:
775:
772:
771:Hochwiesenberg
769:
766:
760:
759:
753:
750:
747:
744:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
718:
715:
708:Podgórna Falls
704:Szklarki Falls
672:Labský vodopád
638:Sněžka/Śnieżka
600:
597:
471:
468:
403:, part of the
397:Czech Republic
316:
315:
313:
312:
309:
306:
303:
299:
297:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
278:
277:
275:Alpine orogeny
272:
269:
263:
261:
255:
254:
250:
249:
240:
236:
235:
228:50.767; 15.617
203:
197:
196:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
171:Lower Silesian
167:Hradec Králové
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
128:
122:
121:
117:
116:
84:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3479:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3438:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Ore Mountains
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Hrubý Jeseník
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3221:83-7023-560-3
3217:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3146:3-87954-091-8
3143:
3139:
3138:3-87954-091-8
3135:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3116:
3115:3-935810-07-5
3112:
3108:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2974:
2968:
2951:
2945:
2928:
2922:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2846:(in Polish).
2845:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2827:, p. 80.
2826:
2821:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2779:, p. 68.
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2743:, p. 44.
2742:
2737:
2731:, p. 40.
2730:
2725:
2723:
2716:, p. 43.
2715:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2698:
2693:
2686:(1): 101–116.
2685:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2601:on 2016-03-03
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2535:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:Martin Helwig
2345:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2211:Pomezní boudy
2208:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:Martin Tietze
2174:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:Nordic skiing
2120:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2068:(440 km from
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:Victoria Park
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:German Empire
1960:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:in Czech and
1867:
1859:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:forced labour
1771:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:Łabski Szczyt
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1259:Śnieżne Kotły
1256:
1252:
1245:Śnieżne Kotły
1243:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1195:, ski resort
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:, ski resort
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1110:Schwarzenberg
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:, ski resort
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
930:
929:Mužské kameny
927:
926:
923:
920:
918:Harrachsteine
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
845:Veilchenstein
844:
842:
841:Łabski Szczyt
839:
836:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
758:
754:
751:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
714:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
687:
685:
677:
673:
669:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
616:
615:Mittelgebirge
605:
596:
594:
591:(German) and
590:
589:Riesengebirge
586:
581:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
563:Hrisengebirge
560:
559:Hrisengepirge
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
536:
531:
530:Indo-European
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
480:
476:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
385:
378:
377:Riesengebirge
374:
370:
362:
356:
345:
339:
331:
327:
323:
310:
307:
304:
301:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
262:
260:
256:
251:
248:
244:
241:
237:
232:
204:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
127:
123:
118:
113:
85:
83:
79:
75:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
53:
46:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3371:
3286:(in English)
3254:(in English)
3246:(in English)
3211:
3203:
3183:
3168:
3126:
3122:
3106:
3101:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3002:
2990:
2979:. Retrieved
2967:
2956:. Retrieved
2944:
2933:. Retrieved
2921:
2910:. Retrieved
2886:
2873:
2847:
2843:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2692:
2683:
2677:
2674:Migoń, Piort
2668:
2659:
2641:
2637:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2582:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2522:. Retrieved
2515:the original
2510:
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2481:the original
2476:
2467:
2343:
2288:Janské Lázně
2247:
2232:
2220:
2196:
2175:
2170:
2161:and finally
2155:
2121:
2114:
2098:Janské Lázně
2083:
2080:Winter sport
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1943:
1921:
1912:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1835:
1814:
1805:
1770:World War II
1767:
1756:Memorial in
1743:
1723:Erdmannsdorf
1715:Hohenzollern
1700:
1692:Schaffgotsch
1677:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:) in Czech,
1644:
1640:
1637:Jelenia Góra
1609:
1584:
1575:Koppenträger
1574:
1560:
1546:
1516:
1504:
1496:
1486:granted the
1469:
1462:
1455:
1447:wood cutters
1439:Jelenia Góra
1404:
1368:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1328:
1322:
1307:
1282:
1276:, Kotel and
1263:
1248:
1236:
1227:
1215:monocultures
1208:montane zone
1205:
1178:Czarcia Góra
1174:Čertova hora
1136:Schüsselberg
1121:Janské Lázně
1015:Kleine Koppe
965:Svorová hora
947:Dívčí kameny
859:Mały Szyszak
712:
688:
681:
671:
646:Jelenia Góra
635:
613:
610:
592:
588:
584:
582:
573:
571:
567:Risengepirge
566:
562:
558:
554:
548:
533:
525:
518:Old Slavonic
513:
509:
505:
493:
487:
484:
478:
433:
329:
325:
321:
319:
295:Type of rock
177:Subdivisions
134:
130:
3278:(in German)
3270:(in Polish)
3161:Staffa 2001
3094:Staffa 2001
3079:Staffa 2001
3067:Staffa 2001
3055:Staffa 2001
3043:Staffa 2001
3031:Staffa 2001
3019:Staffa 2001
2825:Staffa 2001
2813:Staffa 2001
2801:Staffa 2001
2789:Staffa 2001
2777:Staffa 2001
2765:Staffa 2001
2753:Staffa 2001
2741:Staffa 2001
2729:Staffa 2001
2714:Staffa 2001
2697:Staffa 2001
2631:(in Polish)
2605:January 24,
2524:January 13,
2487:January 13,
2429:) in winter
2413:) in summer
2397:) in winter
2171:Svaz lyžařů
2042:Riesenbaude
1994:(Wrocław),
1976:Gründerzeit
1898:high towers
1831:deracinated
1464:Ostsiedlung
1255:knee timber
1181:Teufelsberg
1156:Dworski Las
1152:Dvorský les
1107:Czarna Góra
1071:Kahler Berg
1004: [
987:Rózowa Góra
983:Růžová hora
969:Czarna Kopa
954:Mädelsteine
892:Velký Šišák
881:Kesselkoppe
827:Mittagsberg
800:Vysoké kolo
768:Łączna Góra
749:Schneekoppe
624:periglacial
574:Sněžné hory
285:Age of rock
226: /
135:"Mountains"
107: /
82:Coordinates
3451:Categories
3262:(in Czech)
3212:Karkonosze
3197:Literature
2981:2013-09-01
2958:2013-09-01
2935:2013-09-01
2912:2013-09-01
2459:References
2350:'s map of
2276:ski resort
2207:Okraj Pass
2147:ski resort
2008:Hirschberg
1892:blocks of
1882:schronisko
1786:Piechowice
1633:Piechowice
1587:Kutná Hora
1553:Carinthian
1431:castellany
1372:Foehn wind
1323:The Czech
1270:Luční hora
1104:Černá hora
1094:Heuschober
1051:Reifträger
1030:Lisia Góra
1026:Liščí hora
936:Mannsteine
855:Malý Šišák
764:Luční hora
733:Elevation
676:Elbe River
593:Karkonosze
506:"Krkonoss"
452:River Elbe
380:pronounced
330:Karkonosze
239:Borders on
95:15°44′25″E
92:50°44′10″N
3128:Baedekers
2856:0137-5199
2344:Riſenberg
2317:Resources
2284:in Poland
2278:in Poland
2266:Harrachov
2163:Innsbruck
2094:Harrachov
2054:Przesieka
2016:Kreuzberg
1890:weathered
1860:in Poland
1844:in 1990.
1794:Krzaczyna
1778:Przesieka
1659:(plural:
1651:(plural:
1643:(plural:
1596:Carinthia
1561:Hohenelbe
1384:snow pits
1342:Poland's
1310:protected
1193:Rýžoviště
1189:Harrachov
1159:Hoflbusch
1133:Medwiedin
1117:Cable car
1068:Łysa Góra
1065:Lysá hora
1033:Fuchsberg
990:Rosenberg
824:Smogornia
808:Hohes Rad
790:Brunnberg
631:tree line
627:landforms
599:Geography
587:(Czech),
522:Krummholz
520:word for
498:Štěpanice
494:"Krkonoš"
369:‹See Tfd›
311:limestone
151:Countries
146:Geography
126:Etymology
72:Elevation
66:/ Śnieżka
3239:Archived
2649:Archived
2624:Archived
2571:Archived
2556:Archived
2447:See also
2235:Rübezahl
2203:Szrenica
2036:, Poland
1953:Silesian
1858:Szrenica
1818:expelled
1802:Borowice
1758:Borowice
1719:Karpniki
1629:Borowice
1557:Vrchlabí
1541:Vrchlabí
1527:Obří Důl
1480:Strzegom
1401:, Poland
1278:Szrenica
1129:Medvědín
1047:Szrenica
894:(Smělec)
642:Silesian
622:, small
585:Krkonoše
535:Corconti
479:Krkonoss
326:Krkonoše
271:Variscan
194:Kamienna
18:Krkonoše
3457:Sudetes
2352:Silesia
2330:Gallery
2272:Karpacz
2183:Friedel
2127:Stettin
2106:Karpacz
2074:Prudnik
2034:Karpacz
2014:on the
2000:Dresden
1996:Stettin
1992:Breslau
1904:Tourism
1894:granite
1731:Wojanów
1707:Wilhelm
1680:Harrach
1625:Karpacz
1579:Austria
1563:, High
1519:Meissen
1415:Austria
1411:Prussia
1390:History
1357:Climate
1302:spruces
1167:Rýchory
1043:Jínonoš
897:Śmielec
746:Śnieżka
730:German
727:Polish
674:of the
654:Rýchory
551:Trutnov
540:Ptolemy
464:cycling
429:Śnieżka
417:Silesia
413:Bohemia
405:Sudetes
302:granite
259:Orogeny
253:Geology
214:15°37′E
211:50°46′N
163:Liberec
131:"Giant"
3218:
3144:
3136:
3113:
2854:
2427:Poland
2411:Poland
2395:Poland
2354:, 1561
2282:Kowary
2239:goblin
2193:Hiking
2159:Vienna
2110:Kowary
2044:, and
1980:Berlin
1810:typhus
1798:French
1790:Kowary
1762:Allied
1735:Louise
1661:Bauden
1600:Styria
1523:Saxony
1443:Kowary
1380:inches
1376:inches
1212:spruce
878:Kocioł
742:Sněžka
724:Czech
514:"krak"
460:hiking
456:skiing
425:Polish
421:Sněžka
401:Poland
373:German
334:Czech:
305:schist
190:Jizera
188:Elbe,
185:Rivers
120:Naming
64:Sněžka
2999:(PDF)
2976:(PDF)
2953:(PDF)
2930:(PDF)
2907:(PDF)
2599:(PDF)
2592:(PDF)
2507:(PDF)
1968:Poles
1896:form
1878:Buode
1876:word
1870:Baude
1866:bouda
1657:Baude
1645:boudy
1641:bouda
1604:Tyrol
1592:Tyrol
1500:Walha
1478:from
1458:Czech
1300:Dead
1202:Flora
1119:from
1008:]
874:Kotel
736:Note
532:word
526:"noš"
516:, an
510:"krk"
490:Czech
470:Names
328:, or
308:shale
139:Names
137:(see
3347:Brdy
3216:ISBN
3142:ISBN
3134:ISBN
3111:ISBN
2852:ISSN
2607:2010
2526:2013
2489:2013
2108:and
2096:and
1934:and
1926:and
1792:and
1653:budy
1649:buda
1598:and
1565:Elbe
1551:, a
1510:and
1428:Wleń
1413:and
1316:and
1264:The
1191:and
1091:Stóg
1087:Stoh
1012:Kopa
1001:Kopa
696:Bóbr
692:feet
488:The
415:and
320:The
245:and
169:and
60:Peak
2346:on
2256:".
2241:of
2149:in
2072:to
2032:in
1623:),
1521:in
1312:as
512:or
3453::
3182:.
3153:^
3086:^
3011:^
3001:.
2895:^
2864:^
2848:43
2832:^
2721:^
2704:^
2684:81
2682:.
2509:.
2475:.
2308:,
2274:,
2245:.
2145:A
2112:.
2104:,
2092:,
2088:,
1788:,
1784:,
1780:,
1627:,
1594:,
1533:.
1449:,
1320:.
1272:,
1006:cs
664:.
633:.
565:,
561:,
557:,
546:.
462:,
458:,
427::
375::
366:,
349:,
324:,
165:,
3314:e
3307:t
3300:v
3224:.
3148:.
3117:.
2984:.
2961:.
2938:.
2915:.
2858:.
2609:.
2577:)
2566:(
2528:.
2491:.
2209:/
1559:(
1461:(
1346:(
1327:(
423:(
332:(
141:)
133:+
20:)
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