6102:
4819:
40:
3719:(c. 600–300 BCE), that was ruled by Kshatriya clans. However, these kshatriyas did not follow the Vedic religion, and were sometimes called degenerate Kshatriyas or Shudras by Brahmanical sources. The kshatriyas served as representatives in the assembly at the capital, debated various issues put before the assembly. Due to the lack of patronage of Vedic Brahmanism, the kshatriyas of the gana sanghas were often patrons of
3388:
75:
3550:
sacrifice (yajña). Some scholars consider the
Purusha Sukta to be a late interpolation into the Rigveda based on the neological character of the composition, as compared to the more archaic style of the Vedic literature. Since not all Indians were fully regulated under the varna in the Vedic society,
3521:
The administrative machinery in the Vedic India was headed by a tribal king called a Rajan whose position may or may not have been hereditary. The king may have been elected in a tribal assembly (called Samiti), which included women. The Rajan protected the tribe and cattle; was assisted by a priest;
3812:
and this gave them legitimation as rulers. In return the newly christened kshatriyas would patronize and reward the
Brahmins. The Sanskritic culture of the kshatriyas of this period was heavily influential for later periods and set the style that kshatriyas of later periods appealed to. This process
3825:
operated in the 1960s, Pauline
Kolenda noted that the "caste function of the Kshatriya is to lead and protect the village, and with conquest to manage their conquered lands. The Kshatriyas do perform these functions today to the extent possible, by distributing food as payments to
3691:(450 BCE to 100 BCE). The kshatriya were often considered pre-eminent in Buddhist circles. Even among Hindu societies they were sometimes at rivalry with the Brahmins, but they generally acknowledged the superiority of the priestly class. The Kshatriyas also began to question the
3667:
and implies temporal authority and power which was based less on being a successful leader in battle and more on the tangible power of laying claim to sovereignty over a territory, and symbolising ownership over clan lands. This later gave rise to the idea of kingship.
4507:
Hiuen Tsang , who visited
Bhillamala in about 641 A.D. refers to it as the capital of the Gurjara kingdom . According to him the king of this place was a Kshatriya , a profound believer in Buddhism and a man of exceptional
3803:
In the era from 300 to 700 CE, new royal dynasties were bestowed kshatriya status by
Brahmins by linking them to the kshatriyas of the epics and Puranas. Dynasties began affiliating themselves with the
3644:
Rajanyas who followed the system of elected rulers. Ram Sharan Sharma details how the central chief was elected by various clan chiefs or lineage chiefs with increasing polarisation between the
3551:
the
Purusha Sukta was supposedly composed in order to secure Vedic sanction for the heredity caste scheme. An alternate explanation is that the word 'Shudra' does not occur anywhere else in the
4053:
3738:
In the kingdoms of the
Mahajanapadas, the king claimed kshatriya status through the Vedic religion. While kings claimed to be kshatriya, some kings came from non-kshatriya origins.
3563:
was a composition of the later Rig-vedic period itself to denote, legitimize and sanctify an oppressive and exploitative class structure that had already come into existence.
3582:
possibly indicates the 'kinsmen of the Rajan' (i.e., kinsmen of the ruler) had emerged as a distinct social group then, such that by the end of the Vedic period, the term
5178:
3687:
the order is—Brahmana, Vaishya, Rajanya, Shudra. The order of the
Brahmanical tradition—Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra—became fixed from the time of
3578:, it is considered the first instance in the extant Vedic texts where four social classes are mentioned for the first time together. Usage of the term
4722:
4667:
3602:
denotes power over a specific domain. The term rajanya unlike the word
Kshatriya essentially denoted the status within a lineage. Whereas
5906:
5781:
3977:
5791:
3956:
4223:
Radhakrishna
Choudhary (1964). The Vrātyas in Ancient India, Volume 38 of Chowkhamba Sanskrit studies, p. 125. Sanskrit Series Office.
6049:
123:
4487:
Hsuan Tsang mentions the existence of kshatriya rulers by stating that the ruler of Kosala was a kshatriya and follower of Buddhism.
4947:
4541:
4528:
Hiuen – Tsang ( first half of seventh century ) speaks Pulakeshi ( Pu – lo – ki – she ) as the great kshatriya king of Maharashtra.
4356:
5898:
5836:
4443:
4018:
2295:
886:
5878:
5209:
4855:
5873:
4120:
4065:
5883:
2174:
5916:
4521:
4638:
Indian History: Ancient and medieval, p. 22. Volume 1 of Indian History, Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd, 2003.
6064:
6044:
6023:
4453:
4366:
3418:
3051:
6028:
5911:
5754:
4551:
4304:
4255:
4090:
3987:
3966:
3859:, or staff, is assigned to the kshatriya class, along with a mantra, intended to impart physical vitality or 'ojas'.
5776:
4715:
2204:
1040:
5766:
4677:
4480:
160:
4188:
6059:
5831:
5826:
5310:
4769:
1633:
6054:
5888:
5853:
5804:
5528:
3632:, Jayaswal believes that Rajanya was the name of political people and that the Rajanyas were, therefore, a
2184:
2124:
109:
3522:
and did not maintain a standing army, though in the later period the rulership appears to have risen as a
732:
6131:
6008:
5998:
5865:
5073:
4708:
3354:
3245:
1855:
5988:
5327:
4848:
3373:
3044:
2948:
1895:
1569:
1254:
566:
17:
1890:
6013:
5953:
3784:
3696:
3350:
2996:
2114:
1850:
143:
128:
796:
5958:
5948:
5305:
5117:
3444:
2906:
2899:
2878:
2587:
2477:
2449:
2179:
1074:
861:
836:
752:
6105:
6003:
5938:
3121:
2334:
2239:
2164:
1350:
1272:
165:
133:
1312:
6136:
5963:
5592:
5334:
4296:
4289:
3411:
3320:
3250:
3086:
2715:
2484:
2144:
1050:
727:
4648:
4271:
4233:
4171:
6018:
5993:
5983:
5973:
5968:
5821:
4889:
4841:
4272:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, p. 202
4149:
4136:
3360:
3338:
3228:
3093:
2666:
2274:
2154:
1562:
1548:
716:
711:
6079:
6074:
5978:
5848:
5799:
5193:
5159:
5144:
4980:
4927:
4558:
Sīlāditya , the former Raja of Valabhi and Mo - la - p'o , was considered to be a Kshatriya
3761:, numerous clan-based polities in Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan claimed kshatriya status.
3346:
3342:
3334:
3223:
2885:
2463:
2433:
2264:
2169:
2065:
1800:
1694:
3795:
rulers were ruling the kingdoms like Kabul, Kosala, Bhillamala, Maharashtra and Vallabhi.
8:
5463:
5268:
5243:
5223:
5127:
4799:
4184:
4019:
India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-Continent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200
3915:
3742:
3378:
3271:
3107:
2638:
2500:
2244:
2134:
2119:
2025:
1965:
1930:
1415:
1327:
946:
605:
216:
118:
89:
4595:
1516:
706:
6126:
5620:
5602:
5597:
5585:
5419:
5238:
5218:
5188:
4970:
4942:
4747:
4599:
3300:
3286:
3005:
2530:
2426:
2254:
2234:
2229:
2224:
1830:
1596:
1467:
1079:
965:
6141:
5625:
5543:
5280:
5233:
5171:
5000:
4818:
4774:
4673:
4547:
4476:
4449:
4362:
4300:
4251:
4116:
4086:
4061:
3983:
3962:
3435:
3404:
3310:
3279:
3235:
2892:
2843:
2778:
2537:
2523:
2269:
2194:
2015:
1975:
1970:
1960:
1805:
1501:
1435:
1030:
767:
58:
4582:
Kolenda, Pauline Mahar (Spring 1963). "Toward a Model of the Hindu Jajmani System".
1875:
1287:
574:
6069:
5943:
5843:
5673:
5481:
5371:
5322:
5295:
5048:
5043:
4896:
4591:
3463:
3186:
3148:
3128:
3079:
3028:
2927:
2722:
2708:
2659:
2602:
2149:
1810:
1729:
1480:
1400:
1025:
451:
305:
202:
31:
3787:
to legitimate themselves as rulers. During his visit to India in the 7th century,
2564:
5814:
5506:
5317:
5063:
5053:
4822:
4617:
4500:
4470:
4110:
3925:
3741:
After the Mahajanapada period, most of the prominent royal dynasties in northern
3392:
3315:
3263:
3072:
2976:
2920:
2857:
2673:
2574:
2470:
2219:
2199:
2070:
1945:
1925:
1845:
1541:
1527:
1425:
1405:
1368:
960:
955:
682:
561:
525:
470:
465:
292:
1089:
841:
542:
5771:
5715:
5554:
5511:
5439:
5183:
5154:
5079:
5033:
4975:
4932:
4036:
3822:
3780:
3623:
3305:
3114:
2962:
2613:
2507:
2456:
2259:
2085:
2005:
1955:
1940:
1905:
1860:
1762:
1534:
1395:
1277:
1226:
1211:
1191:
1155:
1084:
866:
821:
772:
530:
155:
3679:(13,4,7), the Rajanya are placed first, followed by Brahmana then Vaishya. In
3675:(800 BCE to 700 BCE) there was ambiguity in the position of the varna. In the
912:
692:
623:
138:
6120:
5612:
5409:
5198:
5068:
5058:
5016:
4990:
4985:
4922:
4882:
4804:
4663:
3952:
3920:
3884:
3880:
3809:
3805:
3776:
3758:
3749:, whose rulers were stated to be shudras, destroyed many kshatriya lineages.
3716:
3614:
and may not have been used for the priestly class. Based on the authority of
3547:
3536:
2969:
2934:
2871:
2817:
2810:
2771:
2764:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2652:
2596:
2214:
2159:
2139:
2129:
2109:
2080:
1990:
1785:
1780:
1770:
1719:
1641:
1555:
1388:
1337:
1236:
1171:
1010:
777:
231:
47:
3652:(peasants) leading to a distinction between the chiefs as a separate class (
3615:
1950:
1714:
922:
917:
5645:
5572:
5351:
5341:
5260:
5010:
4917:
4867:
4647:
Omacanda Hāṇḍā. Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya, p. 251.
3847:
3746:
3523:
2941:
2850:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2729:
2387:
2209:
2045:
2040:
2000:
1910:
1900:
1870:
1840:
1775:
1679:
1601:
1332:
1297:
1221:
1196:
1125:
975:
826:
618:
613:
512:
499:
494:
3833:
A number of castes in the modern era began claiming the Kshatriya origin.
1150:
5809:
5640:
5630:
5580:
5562:
5473:
5434:
5228:
5139:
5122:
4752:
4085:. the University of Michigan: Oxford University Press. pp. 110–112.
3903:
3788:
3688:
3628:
3474:
3012:
2736:
2629:
2559:
2372:
2326:
2287:
2189:
2030:
2020:
1885:
1754:
1744:
1613:
1608:
1511:
1410:
1302:
1292:
1262:
1231:
1140:
907:
721:
644:
636:
438:
207:
4603:
5655:
4995:
3891:
3728:
3715:
form of government was an oligarchic republic during the period of the
3700:
3606:, means "ruling; one of the ruling order". Jaiswal points out the term
3058:
3019:
2983:
2864:
2803:
2410:
2402:
2313:
2090:
1865:
1820:
1674:
1664:
1430:
1378:
1307:
1216:
1145:
1135:
1130:
902:
677:
654:
649:
378:
178:
5701:
5696:
5663:
5635:
5523:
5518:
5454:
5376:
5290:
5005:
4937:
4742:
4104:
4102:
3633:
3619:
3100:
3037:
2955:
2787:
2358:
2318:
2249:
2095:
2060:
2010:
1980:
1915:
1835:
1739:
1709:
1689:
1373:
1317:
1282:
1267:
1186:
1181:
1163:
489:
403:
334:
273:
4563:
4234:
Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, p. 172
4205:: 1985. ed.). London: Oxford University Press. pp. 189–190
970:
39:
5710:
5682:
5668:
5535:
5501:
5459:
5444:
5404:
5149:
4731:
3720:
3672:
3478:
3240:
2796:
2622:
2579:
2546:
2397:
2392:
2365:
2075:
2055:
1985:
1935:
1815:
1704:
1620:
1591:
1586:
1455:
1445:
1342:
1322:
1246:
1241:
1206:
876:
856:
816:
782:
762:
742:
628:
504:
239:
197:
192:
66:
4099:
2303:
5706:
5691:
5687:
5449:
5399:
5391:
5381:
5285:
5273:
5132:
5028:
5022:
3894:("fire lineage"), in which an eponymous ancestor is claimed from
3872:
3769:
3724:
3641:
3637:
3542:
3497:
3491:
3471:
3173:
3163:
2913:
2834:
2826:
2643:
2569:
2554:
2351:
2050:
1995:
1734:
1684:
1654:
1649:
1521:
1496:
1383:
1015:
894:
871:
846:
757:
747:
556:
520:
408:
393:
388:
324:
319:
283:
278:
265:
43:
4250:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 78, 79, 33, 80, 27, 123.
3899:
3772:
were considered to be low-status kshatriyas by Brahmin authors.
3526:. The concept of the fourfold varna system is not yet recorded.
3209:
1060:
1055:
881:
5678:
5491:
5424:
5364:
5359:
5166:
4833:
4784:
4779:
4764:
4759:
4172:
Insights and Interventions: Essays in Honour of Uma Chakravarti
3898:(fire), and Nagavanshi (snake-born), claiming descent from the
3876:
3852:
3765:
3692:
3504:
3178:
2992:
2308:
2035:
1920:
1825:
1795:
1790:
1724:
1699:
1488:
1358:
1201:
1176:
1115:
1000:
995:
985:
927:
851:
811:
806:
737:
662:
597:
582:
484:
428:
413:
359:
339:
252:
247:
84:
3798:
5486:
5414:
4965:
3486:
3467:
3195:
3065:
2830:
2342:
1880:
1749:
1659:
1506:
1460:
1440:
1120:
1105:
1045:
1035:
1020:
1005:
980:
831:
801:
687:
587:
418:
383:
354:
349:
344:
329:
257:
4137:
Caste-based Discrimination in International Human Rights Law
4030:
4028:
3546:
describes the symbolic creation of the four varna-s through
5496:
5038:
4794:
4700:
4183:
3895:
1669:
1450:
1420:
1363:
1110:
1097:
990:
592:
433:
423:
398:
364:
314:
296:
4358:
Gautama Buddha: The Life and Teachings of The Awakened One
4313:
3489:
society wherein members were organised into four classes:
4423:
4387:
4375:
4325:
4025:
3610:
rarely occurs in the Rig-veda with the exception of the
4789:
4472:
Cultural rapprochement between India and Southeast Asia
3902:, whose description can be found in scriptures such as
537:
74:
3449:
4411:
4399:
4337:
3867:
The Vedas do not mention kshatriya (or varna) of any
3775:
In the third to fourth centuries CE, kingdoms in the
4190:
A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages
4695:
History and Culture of Indian People, The Vedic Age
4669:
History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300
4441:
4112:
The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India
3998:
4288:
4197:, compiled by Dorothy Rivers Turner: 1969. –
27:Ruling and warrior class of the Hindu varna system
4693:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
4109:Jamison, Stephanie W.; Brereton, Joel P. (2014).
3516:
6118:
4697:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996. pp. 313–314
4634:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4619:Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion
4539:
3699:, which led to religious ideas developed in the
3636:(with an elected ruler). Some examples were the
4546:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 325.
4523:Maratha-Rajput Relations from 1720 to 1795 A.D.
4108:
3813:took place both in North India and the Deccan.
4286:
3783:rivers claimed kshatriya status and performed
4849:
4716:
4625:
4193:(Accompanied by three supplementary volumes:
3951:
3412:
30:For the Bollywood film of the same name, see
5753:
5533:
4475:. National Book Organisation. pp. 5–6.
4519:
4115:. Oxford University Press. pp. 57–58.
3982:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 207.
3975:
4856:
4842:
4723:
4709:
4498:
4282:
4280:
3752:
3419:
3405:
4217:
4187:; Dorothy Rivers Turner (January 2006) .
5741:
3961:. Harvard University Press. p. 23.
3648:(aristocracy helping the ruler) and the
38:
4581:
4575:
4277:
3559:, leading some scholars to believe the
2296:Sources and classification of scripture
14:
6119:
4662:
4622:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1998
4569:
4429:
4417:
4405:
4393:
4381:
4343:
4331:
4319:
4226:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4080:
4004:
5740:
5097:
4837:
4704:
4526:University of California. p. 4.
4245:
4034:
3529:
923:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
918:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
4502:Rajasthan District Gazetteers: Jalor
4239:
3683:, the Rajanya are placed second. In
3660:(clan peasantry) on the other hand.
4596:10.17730/humo.22.1.x01162046g995q1j
4236:. Motilal Banarsidass Publications.
4155:
4150:Class and Religion in Ancient India
4148:Jayantanuja Bandyopadhyaya (2007).
4054:"Fifth Shade : Rama as A King"
3958:Political Violence in Ancient India
3470:society and is associated with the
24:
5099:
5098:
4687:
4672:. University of California Press.
4074:
3890:There are other lineages, such as
3821:Writing in the context of how the
25:
6153:
4139:, p. 26. Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
4051:
3799:Emergence of "Puranic" Kshatriyas
3654:raja, rajanya, kshatra, kshatriya
3458:, "rule, authority"; also called
6101:
6100:
4863:
4817:
3706:
3485:is used in the context of later
3386:
73:
4656:
4641:
4610:
4533:
4513:
4492:
4462:
4435:
4349:
4264:
4177:
3871:(lineage). The lineages of the
5742:
4248:General Studies History 4 Upsc
4142:
4129:
4045:
4010:
3943:
3663:The term kshatriya comes from
3517:Early Rigvedic tribal monarchy
161:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
13:
1:
4572:, p. 320, 324, 341, 370.
3931:
3816:
3681:Shatapatha Brahmana 13.8.3.11
3217:Other society-related topics:
913:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
4730:
4469:Mishra, Patit Paban (2005).
4442:Devi Dayal Aggarwal (2017).
3936:
3887:(Chandravamsha/Somavamsha).
3685:Shatapatha Brahmana 1.1.4.12
3328:Hinduism and other religions
2125:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
7:
4291:Daily Life in Ancient India
4081:Sharma, Ram Sharan (2005).
3909:
3830:and providing leadership."
3731:, Kshatriya is referred as
3450:
3073:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
3045:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
778:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
722:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)
717:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
10:
6158:
4948:Weberian (three-component)
4543:The Early History of India
4295:. Phoenix Press. pp.
4274:. Pearson Education India.
4232:Ram Sharan Sharma (1991).
4152:, pp. 37–47. Anthem Press.
3862:
3836:
3757:After the collapse of the
3594:stresses kinship with the
3511:
2949:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
1634:Gurus, sants, philosophers
1570:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
758:Uparati (self-settledness)
29:
6096:
6037:
5929:
5897:
5864:
5790:
5762:
5749:
5736:
5654:
5611:
5571:
5553:
5472:
5390:
5350:
5259:
5252:
5207:
5110:
5106:
5093:
4956:
4910:
4906:
4877:
4813:
4738:
4540:Vincent A. Smith (1999).
3745:were not kshatriyas. The
3697:historical Vedic religion
3439:
2115:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
773:Samadhana (concentration)
637:Three paths to liberation
144:Tribal religions in India
129:Historical Vedic religion
124:Indus Valley Civilisation
6070:Pre-industrial East Asia
4185:Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley
949:, sacrifice, and charity
5118:Administrative detainee
4287:Jeanne Auboyer (1965).
4174:, p. 148. Primus Books.
3883:(Suryavamsha); and the
3753:Post-Mauryan Kshatriyas
3122:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2335:Timeline of Hindu texts
2240:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
1273:Pumsavana Simantonayana
928:Śabda (word, testimony)
166:Epic-Puranic chronology
134:Dravidian folk religion
5534:
4445:India Ever Independent
4270:Upinder Singh (2008).
3087:Eighteen Greater Texts
2716:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
2145:Krishnananda Saraswati
1389:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
903:Pratyakṣa (perception)
763:Titiksha (forbearance)
51:
6075:Pre-industrial Europe
4361:. Hachette UK. 2011.
4203:Addenda et corrigenda
4052:Shori, Maj Gen A. K.
4035:Renou, Louis (1957).
3677:Panchavimsha Brahmana
3671:In the period of the
3462:) is one of the four
3203:Varna-related topics:
3094:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2667:Devi Bhagavata Purana
1563:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
1549:Achintya Bheda Abheda
1481:Philosophical schools
783:Ahamkara (attachment)
743:Vairagya (dispassion)
671:Mokṣa-related topics:
46:, a kshatriya of the
42:
5932: or countries
5743:By country or region
4981:Class discrimination
4520:K.A Acharya (1978).
4083:India's ancient past
4058:Seven Shades of Rama
4016:Bujor Avari (2007).
3979:The History of India
3976:John McLeod (2002).
3335:Hinduism and Jainism
2265:Vethathiri Maharishi
2170:Nisargadatta Maharaj
738:Viveka (discernment)
113:(500/200 BCE–300 CE)
50:in Hindu literature.
5464:Vanniar (Chieftain)
4499:K.K Sehgal (1973).
4432:, pp. 228–229.
4396:, pp. 155–156.
4384:, pp. 150–151.
4334:, pp. 146–150.
4322:, p. 129, 131.
4170:Kumkum Roy (2011).
4135:David Kean (2007).
3916:Indian caste system
3879:tradition are: the
3466:(social orders) of
3393:Hinduism portal
3272:Hinduism by country
3108:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3052:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2135:Dayananda Saraswati
2120:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
2026:Sripada Srivallabha
1966:Raghunatha Siromani
1931:Narasimha Saraswati
908:Anumāṇa (inference)
6132:Varnas in Hinduism
6045:18th-century Spain
5899:Standard of living
5603:Upper middle class
5598:Lower middle class
5189:Political prisoner
4971:Chattering classes
4943:Spoon class theory
4748:Hindu architecture
4584:Human Organization
3656:) on one hand and
3530:Later Vedic period
3287:Caribbean Shaktism
3006:Kanakadhara Stotra
2255:U. G. Krishnamurti
2235:Satyadhyana Tirtha
1831:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1489:Six Astika schools
733:Ānanda (happiness)
712:Anātman (non-self)
52:
6114:
6113:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6087:
5925:
5924:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5626:Lumpenproletariat
5128:illegal immigrant
5089:
5088:
5001:Classless society
4831:
4830:
4199:Phonetic analysis
4122:978-0-19-937018-4
4067:978-93-84391-74-4
3454:) (from Sanskrit
3448:
3429:
3428:
3280:Balinese Hinduism
2779:Markandeya Purana
2016:Satyanatha Tirtha
1971:Raghuttama Tirtha
1961:Raghavendra Swami
1806:Ramdas Kathiababa
887:Sources of dharma
753:Dama (temperance)
748:Sama (equanimity)
114:
16:(Redirected from
6149:
6104:
6103:
5931:
5832:Mexican-American
5760:
5759:
5751:
5750:
5738:
5737:
5539:
5482:Business magnate
5372:Knowledge worker
5257:
5256:
5145:dual or multiple
5108:
5107:
5095:
5094:
5049:Social exclusion
5044:Social cleansing
4958:
4908:
4907:
4897:Economic classes
4858:
4851:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4821:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4702:
4701:
4683:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4623:
4616:Brian K. Smith.
4614:
4608:
4607:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4448:. Balboa Press.
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4294:
4284:
4275:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4243:
4237:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4181:
4175:
4168:
4153:
4146:
4140:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4060:. Notion Press.
4049:
4043:
4042:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3972:
3947:
3851:or India fig or
3841:In rituals, the
3586:was replaced by
3453:
3443:
3441:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3351:and Christianity
3321:Pilgrimage sites
3251:Reform movements
3129:Vinayagar Agaval
3080:Five Great Epics
3029:Tamil literature
2928:Sushruta Samhita
2723:Bhavishya Purana
2709:Brahmanda Purana
2660:Bhagavata Purana
2588:Other scriptures
2150:Mahavatar Babaji
1730:Satyakama Jabala
1401:Ganesh Chaturthi
1255:Rites of passage
768:Shraddha (faith)
186:Major traditions
112:
77:
54:
53:
32:Kshatriya (film)
21:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6084:
6033:
5921:
5893:
5860:
5844:Underprivileged
5786:
5745:
5744:
5720:
5650:
5607:
5567:
5549:
5468:
5386:
5346:
5248:
5203:
5102:
5101:
5085:
5064:Social position
5054:Social mobility
4952:
4902:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4832:
4827:
4809:
4770:Gurus and sants
4734:
4729:
4690:
4688:Further reading
4680:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4642:
4637:
4626:
4615:
4611:
4580:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4538:
4534:
4518:
4514:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4404:
4400:
4392:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4285:
4278:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4244:
4240:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4208:
4206:
4201:: 1971. –
4182:
4178:
4169:
4156:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4130:
4123:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4050:
4046:
4033:
4026:
4015:
4011:
4003:
3999:
3990:
3969:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3926:Sanskritisation
3912:
3865:
3839:
3819:
3810:Lunar dynasties
3801:
3755:
3709:
3532:
3519:
3514:
3425:
3387:
3385:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3329:
3295:
3274:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3218:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3134:
3031:
2999:
2921:Charaka Samhita
2900:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
2858:Shilpa Shastras
2837:
2790:
2674:Naradiya Purana
2646:
2641:
2616:
2590:
2549:
2413:
2345:
2329:
2298:
2290:
2280:
2279:
2225:Shirdi Sai Baba
2220:Sathya Sai Baba
2200:Ramana Maharshi
2104:
2071:Vadiraja Tirtha
2066:Vācaspati Miśra
1946:Srinivasacharya
1926:Narahari Tirtha
1906:Matsyendranatha
1891:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
1856:Jagannatha Dasa
1846:Haridasa Thakur
1765:
1644:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1581:
1542:Vishishtadvaita
1491:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1426:Makar Sankranti
1406:Vasant Panchami
1369:Maha Shivaratri
1353:
1257:
1166:
1100:
1069:
950:
941:
933:
932:
897:
791:
728:Prajña (wisdom)
724:
701:
665:
639:
608:
577:
575:Meaning of life
562:God in Hinduism
551:
515:
513:Supreme reality
490:Subtle elements
479:
460:
454:
444:
443:
299:
268:
242:
234:
224:
223:
220:
187:
181:
171:
170:
115:
110:Hindu synthesis
106:
101:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6155:
6145:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6065:Ottoman Empire
6062:
6057:
6052:
6050:Ancient Greece
6047:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6024:United Kingdom
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5935:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5917:Home-ownership
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5796:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5772:American Dream
5769:
5763:
5757:
5747:
5746:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5685:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5577:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5540:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5356:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5265:
5263:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5184:Migrant worker
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5104:
5103:
5100:By demographic
5091:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5080:Status Anxiety
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5034:Ranked society
5031:
5026:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4976:Class conflict
4973:
4968:
4962:
4960:
4959: topics
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4933:Mudsill theory
4930:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4664:Thapar, Romila
4658:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4640:
4624:
4609:
4574:
4562:
4552:
4532:
4512:
4491:
4481:
4461:
4455:978-1504391702
4454:
4434:
4422:
4420:, p. 227.
4410:
4408:, p. 211.
4398:
4386:
4374:
4368:978-1849169233
4367:
4348:
4346:, p. 170.
4336:
4324:
4312:
4305:
4276:
4263:
4256:
4246:Reddy (2005).
4238:
4225:
4216:
4176:
4154:
4141:
4128:
4121:
4098:
4091:
4073:
4066:
4044:
4041:. p. 130.
4024:
4009:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3988:
3973:
3967:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3921:Forward castes
3918:
3911:
3908:
3864:
3861:
3838:
3835:
3823:jajmani system
3818:
3815:
3800:
3797:
3754:
3751:
3708:
3705:
3570:uses the term
3531:
3528:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3224:Discrimination
3220:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3115:Abirami Antati
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2963:Ramcharitmanas
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2914:Pramana Sutras
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2886:Mimamsa Sutras
2882:
2879:Samkhya Sutras
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2844:Dharma Shastra
2839:
2838:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2478:Shvetashvatara
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2450:Brihadaranyaka
2445:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2338:
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2331:
2330:
2325:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2260:Upasni Maharaj
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:Vedanta Desika
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:Samarth Ramdas
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1956:Purandara Dasa
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Nimbarkacharya
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:Jayanta Bhatta
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Raksha Bandhan
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Simantonnayana
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Carnatic music
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Bhagavata Mela
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:Kundalini yoga
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
951:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
898:
893:
890:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
792:
789:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
719:
714:
709:
703:
702:
699:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
674:
673:
667:
666:
661:
658:
657:
652:
647:
641:
640:
635:
632:
631:
626:
621:
616:
610:
609:
606:Stages of life
604:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
579:
578:
573:
570:
569:
567:God and gender
564:
559:
553:
552:
549:
546:
545:
540:
535:
534:
533:
528:
517:
516:
511:
508:
507:
502:
500:Gross elements
497:
492:
487:
481:
480:
477:
474:
473:
468:
462:
461:
458:
455:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
374:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
311:
310:
301:
300:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
270:
269:
264:
261:
260:
255:
250:
244:
243:
238:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
214:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
189:
188:
185:
182:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
156:Itihasa-Purana
147:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:
87:
79:
78:
70:
69:
63:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6154:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6137:Indian castes
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6107:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6029:United States
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5930:Other regions
5928:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5755:United States
5752:
5748:
5739:
5735:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:Socioeconomic
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Social stigma
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:Social orphan
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5017:Nouveau riche
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Class traitor
4989:
4987:
4986:Class society
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Gilbert model
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4649:
4644:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4559:
4555:
4553:9788171566181
4549:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4516:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4495:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4426:
4419:
4414:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4370:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4321:
4316:
4308:
4306:1-84212-591-5
4302:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4283:
4281:
4273:
4267:
4259:
4257:9780070604476
4253:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4229:
4220:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4145:
4138:
4132:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4092:9780195667141
4088:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4039:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4007:, p. 63.
4006:
4001:
3991:
3989:9780313314599
3985:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3968:9780674975279
3964:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3953:Upinder Singh
3950:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3885:Lunar dynasty
3882:
3881:Solar dynasty
3878:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3785:Vedic rituals
3782:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3759:Maurya Empire
3750:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3717:Mahajanapadas
3714:
3707:Mahajanapadas
3704:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3612:Purusha Sukta
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3568:Purusha Sukta
3566:Although the
3564:
3562:
3561:Purusha Sukta
3558:
3557:Purusha Sukta
3554:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:Purusha Sukta
3527:
3525:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3495:, kshatriya,
3494:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3437:
3433:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3294:Hindu culture
3292:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Organisations
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2970:Yoga Vasistha
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2935:Natya Shastra
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2872:Brahma Sutras
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:Sthapatyaveda
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:Gandharvaveda
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2772:Varaha Purana
2769:
2767:
2766:
2765:Skanda Purana
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2702:Brahma Purana
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:Garuda Purana
2692:
2690:
2689:
2688:Matsya Purana
2685:
2683:
2682:
2681:Vāmana Purana
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2653:Vishnu Purana
2650:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2597:Bhagavad Gita
2594:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
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2218:
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2208:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Radhakrishnan
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Narayana Guru
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Jaggi Vasudev
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Chinmayananda
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2097:
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2079:
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2034:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Ramprasad Sen
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
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1954:
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1859:
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1844:
1842:
1841:Gorakshanatha
1839:
1837:
1834:
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1827:
1824:
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1819:
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1814:
1812:
1809:
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1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Allama Prabhu
1784:
1782:
1781:Akka Mahadevi
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:Abhinavagupta
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
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1720:Prashastapada
1718:
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1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:Other schools
1578:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1556:Shuddhadvaita
1553:
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1546:
1544:
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1539:
1537:
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1532:
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1240:
1238:
1237:Kalaripayattu
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
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1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Bharatanatyam
1170:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
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1149:
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1073:
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1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Nritta-Nritya
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
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1009:
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984:
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904:
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868:
865:
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845:
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835:
833:
830:
828:
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823:
820:
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815:
813:
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808:
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800:
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795:
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184:
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167:
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159:
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152:
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145:
142:
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137:
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127:
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117:
111:
108:
107:
105:
97:
96:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
81:
80:
76:
72:
71:
68:
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:Lunar dynasty
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6080:Soviet Union
6055:Ancient Rome
5912:Homelessness
5837:Upper Middle
5709: /
5690: /
5681: /
5646:Working poor
5542:
5529:Robber baron
5429:
5352:Intellectual
5342:Royal family
5306:Ancient Rome
5160:second-class
5078:
5021:
5020: /
5015:
5011:High society
4918:Elite theory
4895:
4888:
4881:
4868:Social class
4694:
4668:
4657:Bibliography
4643:
4618:
4612:
4590:(1): 11–31.
4587:
4583:
4577:
4565:
4557:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4522:
4515:
4506:
4501:
4494:
4486:
4471:
4464:
4444:
4437:
4425:
4413:
4401:
4389:
4377:
4357:
4351:
4339:
4327:
4315:
4290:
4266:
4247:
4241:
4228:
4219:
4207:. Retrieved
4202:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4144:
4131:
4111:
4082:
4076:
4057:
4047:
4037:
4017:
4012:
4000:
3978:
3957:
3945:
3889:
3868:
3866:
3856:
3848:Ficus indica
3846:
3842:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3802:
3792:
3774:
3763:
3756:
3747:Nanda Empire
3740:
3737:
3732:
3712:
3710:
3689:dharmasutras
3684:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3627:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3524:social class
3520:
3503:
3496:
3490:
3482:
3459:
3455:
3431:
3430:
3353: /
3349: /
3345: /
3341: /
3339:and Buddhism
3337: /
3301:Architecture
3264:Other topics
3202:
3185:
3168:
3157:Four varnas:
3156:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2942:Panchatantra
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2893:Nyāya Sūtras
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2851:Artha Śastra
2849:
2842:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2758:Kūrma Purana
2756:
2751:Linga Purana
2749:
2744:Shiva Purana
2742:
2735:
2730:Padma Purana
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2628:
2621:
2606:s (Hinduism)
2603:
2595:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2516:Atharvaveda:
2515:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2380:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2230:Shraddhanand
2205:Ravi Shankar
2185:R. D. Ranade
2046:Śyāma Śastri
2041:Swaminarayan
2001:Rupa Goswami
1911:Morya Gosavi
1871:Jiva Goswami
1776:Adi Shankara
1602:Pratyabhijña
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1333:Samavartanam
1313:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
1298:Annaprashana
1222:Dandiya Raas
1197:Mohiniyattam
1090:Nididhyāsana
895:Epistemology
827:Brahmacharya
707:Ātman (self)
670:
614:Brahmacharya
543:Saccidānanda
495:Panchikarana
371:
304:
295: /
291:Other major
215:
149:
148:
103:
36:
5999:New Zealand
5716:Untouchable
5641:Proletariat
5631:Pea-pickers
5581:Bourgeoisie
5269:Aristocracy
5155:naturalized
5150:native-born
4570:Thapar 2004
4430:Thapar 2004
4418:Thapar 2004
4406:Thapar 2004
4394:Thapar 2004
4382:Thapar 2004
4344:Thapar 2004
4332:Thapar 2004
4320:Thapar 2004
4038:Vedic India
4005:Thapar 2004
3904:Mahabharata
3791:noted that
3789:Hieun Tsang
3713:gaṇa sangha
3629:Mahabharata
3555:except the
3475:aristocracy
3347:and Judaism
3343:and Sikhism
3311:Iconography
3236:Nationalism
3229:Persecution
3013:Shiva Stuti
2907:Yoga Sutras
2737:Agni Purana
2639:Other texts
2630:Mahabharata
2373:Atharvaveda
2270:Vivekananda
2195:Rama Tirtha
2190:Ramakrishna
2165:Nigamananda
2155:Mahesh Yogi
2031:Sripadaraja
2021:Siddheshwar
1916:Mukundarāja
1896:Madhusūdana
1886:Kanaka Dasa
1811:Chakradhara
1755:Yajnavalkya
1745:Vishvamitra
1614:Pancharatra
1512:Vaisheshika
1468:Ratha Yatra
1416:Janmashtami
1411:Rama Navami
1328:Ritushuddhi
1303:Chudakarana
1293:Nishkramana
1263:Garbhadhana
1232:Pandav Lila
1141:Bhakti yoga
1026:Prāyaścitta
797:Niti śastra
645:Bhakti yoga
624:Vānaprastha
439:Vishvakarma
372:Post-Vedic:
208:Vaishnavism
150:Traditional
6121:Categories
5989:Luxembourg
5879:Inequality
5544:Superclass
5335:Hereditary
5311:Post-Roman
5302:Patrician
5172:adolescent
4996:Classicide
4679:0520242254
4508:abilities.
4482:8187521171
4209:23 October
3932:References
3892:Agnivanshi
3817:Modern era
3729:Pali canon
3701:Upanishads
3187:Varna-less
3059:Tiruppukal
3020:Vayu Stuti
2984:Panchadasi
2977:Swara yoga
2865:Kama Sutra
2804:Dhanurveda
2464:Taittiriya
2442:Yajurveda:
2434:Kaushitaki
2411:Upanishads
2403:Upanishads
2327:Scriptures
2175:Prabhupada
2091:Vidyaranya
1976:Ram Charan
1951:Prabhākara
1866:Jayatīrtha
1821:Dadu Dayal
1816:Chāngadeva
1675:Bharadwaja
1665:Ashtavakra
1431:Kumbh Mela
1379:Durga Puja
1308:Karnavedha
1288:Nāmakaraṇa
1217:Yakshagana
1146:Karma yoga
1136:Jnana yoga
1131:Hatha yoga
1068:Meditation
1041:Tirthadana
822:Aparigraha
678:Paramātman
663:Liberation
655:Karma yoga
650:Jnana yoga
379:Dattatreya
179:Traditions
104:Historical
18:Kshatriyas
6127:Kshatriya
6014:Sri Lanka
5907:Education
5874:Household
5767:Affluence
5702:Rat tribe
5664:Ant tribe
5636:Precariat
5621:Lazzaroni
5563:Bohemians
5524:Overclass
5519:Old money
5455:Spartiate
5430:Kshatriya
5420:Hashashin
5377:Professor
5318:Political
5291:Oligarchy
5281:Hanseaten
5199:Stateless
5179:Convicted
5111:By status
5074:Subaltern
5006:Euthenics
4938:New class
4743:Hindu art
3937:Citations
3843:nyagrodha
3793:kshatriya
3727:. In the
3673:Brahmanas
3634:democracy
3624:Kātyāyana
3620:Patanjali
3600:Kshatriya
3588:Kshatriya
3576:Kshatriya
3534:The hymn
3483:kṣatriyaḥ
3445:romanized
3432:Kshatriya
3361:Criticism
3355:and Islam
3316:Mythology
3169:Kshatriya
3101:Athichudi
3038:Tirumurai
2956:Tirumurai
2565:Vyākaraṇa
2501:Chandogya
2493:Samaveda:
2381:Divisions
2359:Yajurveda
2319:Ātmatuṣṭi
2275:Yogananda
2250:Trailanga
2245:Sivananda
2110:Aurobindo
2096:Vyasaraja
2061:Tyagaraja
2011:Sankardev
1981:Ramananda
1876:Jñāneśvar
1851:Harivansh
1836:Gaudapada
1801:Chaitanya
1740:Vashistha
1710:Patanjali
1690:Jamadagni
1609:Vaishnava
1597:Pashupata
1374:Navaratri
1351:Festivals
1318:Upanayana
1283:Jatakarma
1268:Pumsavana
1187:Kuchipudi
1182:Kathakali
1151:Rāja yoga
1085:Samādhāna
966:Prarthana
940:Practices
867:Svādhyāya
471:Mythology
466:Cosmology
459:Worldview
404:Kartikeya
335:Prajapati
274:Saraswati
6142:Warriors
6106:Category
6038:Historic
5959:Colombia
5949:Cambodia
5884:Personal
5782:Mobility
5711:Freedman
5697:Plebeian
5683:Prisoner
5669:Commoner
5555:Creative
5536:Seigneur
5502:Nobility
5460:Vanniyar
5445:Pendekar
5405:Cossacks
5039:Snobbery
4911:Theories
4732:Hinduism
4666:(2004).
4604:44124164
3955:(2017).
3910:See also
3781:Godavari
3733:khattiya
3721:Buddhism
3626:and the
3590:; where
3553:Rig-veda
3479:Sanskrit
3451:Kṣatriya
3440:क्षत्रिय
3436:Sanskrit
3374:Glossary
3306:Calendar
3241:Hindutva
3164:Brahmana
2835:samhitas
2827:Shastras
2797:Ayurveda
2788:Upavedas
2623:Ramayana
2614:Itihasas
2580:Jyotisha
2547:Vedangas
2531:Mandukya
2427:Aitareya
2419:Rigveda:
2398:Aranyaka
2393:Brahmana
2366:Samaveda
2081:Valluvar
2076:Vallabha
2056:Tulsidas
1986:Ramanuja
1936:Nayanars
1921:Namadeva
1763:Medieval
1705:Kashyapa
1621:Charvaka
1592:Kapalika
1456:Puthandu
1446:Vaisakhi
1343:Antyesti
1323:Keshanta
1247:Adimurai
1242:Silambam
1207:Sattriya
1192:Manipuri
877:Mitahara
857:Santosha
817:Achourya
629:Sannyasa
619:Gṛhastha
478:Ontology
452:Concepts
240:Trimurti
203:Smartism
198:Shaktism
193:Shaivism
67:Hinduism
59:a series
57:Part of
6009:Romania
6004:Nigeria
5889:Poverty
5792:Classes
5777:History
5688:Peasant
5674:Outcast
5613:Working
5593:Burgher
5450:Samurai
5440:Ocēlōtl
5400:Chhetri
5392:Warrior
5382:Scholar
5296:Russian
5286:Magnate
5274:Aristoi
5253:By type
5140:Citizen
5133:refugee
5029:Poverty
5023:Parvenu
4957:Related
4928:Marxian
4890:Stratum
4805:Studies
4800:Worship
4195:indexes
4022:, p. 89
3873:Itihasa
3863:Lineage
3837:Symbols
3777:Krishna
3770:Yavanas
3725:Jainism
3695:of the
3665:kshatra
3646:rajanya
3638:Andhaka
3608:Brahman
3604:Kshatra
3592:rajanya
3584:rajanya
3580:Rajanya
3572:rajanya
3543:Rigveda
3540:to the
3512:History
3498:vaishya
3492:brahmin
3472:warrior
3460:Rajanya
3447::
3379:Outline
3174:Vaishya
3142:Society
2993:Stotras
2644:Puranas
2570:Nirukta
2560:Chandas
2555:Shiksha
2538:Prashna
2524:Mundaka
2388:Samhita
2352:Rigveda
2215:Samarth
2051:Tukaram
1996:Ravidas
1735:Valmiki
1685:Jaimini
1655:Angiras
1650:Agastya
1642:Ancient
1528:Advaita
1522:Vedanta
1517:Mīmāṃsā
1497:Samkhya
1384:Ramlila
1126:Sādhanā
1016:Tarpana
1001:Kīrtana
996:Bhajana
947:Worship
872:Shaucha
847:Akrodha
693:Saṃsāra
557:Ishvara
526:Nirguna
521:Brahman
485:Tattvas
409:Krishna
394:Hanuman
389:Ganesha
325:Chandra
320:Ashvins
284:Parvati
279:Lakshmi
266:Tridevi
232:Deities
139:Śramaṇa
119:History
100:Origins
90:History
44:Bhishma
5964:France
5944:Belize
5939:Africa
5866:Income
5822:Middle
5815:Gentry
5679:Outlaw
5586:Petite
5573:Middle
5507:Landed
5492:Gentry
5425:Knight
5365:Priest
5360:Clergy
5323:Family
5261:Ruling
5210:collar
5167:Clique
4883:Status
4823:Portal
4785:Moksha
4780:Mantra
4765:Dharma
4760:Chakra
4676:
4602:
4550:
4479:
4452:
4365:
4303:
4254:
4119:
4089:
4064:
3986:
3965:
3877:Purana
3869:vamsha
3855:tree)
3853:banyan
3828:kamins
3766:Shakas
3693:yajnas
3616:Pāṇini
3574:, not
3548:cosmic
3505:shudra
3477:. The
3464:varnas
3456:kṣatra
3179:Shudra
2997:stutis
2833:, and
2831:sutras
2485:Maitri
2210:Ramdas
2103:Modern
2036:Surdas
1901:Madhva
1826:Eknath
1796:Basava
1791:Alvars
1725:Raikva
1715:Pāṇini
1700:Kapila
1695:Kanada
1680:Gotama
1587:Shaiva
1535:Dvaita
1436:Pongal
1359:Diwali
1338:Vivaha
1202:Odissi
1177:Kathak
1116:Yogini
1080:Dhyana
1031:Tirtha
986:Bhakti
976:Temple
971:Śrauta
852:Arjava
812:Ahimsa
807:Niyama
790:Ethics
598:Moksha
583:Dharma
531:Saguna
429:Shakti
414:Kubera
360:Varuna
340:Pushan
253:Vishnu
248:Brahma
85:Hindus
6060:Aztec
6019:Tibet
5994:Nepal
5984:Italy
5974:India
5969:Haiti
5954:China
5854:Under
5849:Lower
5827:Black
5810:Donor
5805:Black
5800:Upper
5707:Slave
5656:Under
5512:Petty
5487:Elite
5474:Upper
5415:Harii
5410:Cuāuh
5244:White
5224:Green
5123:Alien
4966:Caste
4775:Karma
4753:Music
4600:JSTOR
4297:26–27
3900:Nāgas
3857:danda
3806:Solar
3743:India
3642:Vrsni
3596:Rajan
3487:Vedic
3481:term
3468:Hindu
3196:Dalit
3149:Varna
3066:Kural
2604:Agama
2575:Kalpa
2471:Katha
2343:Vedas
2314:Ācāra
2309:Smṛti
2304:Śruti
2288:Texts
1881:Kabir
1750:Vyasa
1660:Aruni
1507:Nyaya
1461:Vishu
1441:Ugadi
1121:Asana
1106:Sadhu
1075:Tapas
1046:Matha
1036:Yatra
1021:Vrata
1006:Yajna
981:Murti
862:Tapas
837:Damah
832:Satya
802:Yamas
688:Karma
588:Artha
505:Guṇas
419:Radha
384:Durga
355:Ushas
350:Surya
345:Rudra
330:Indra
306:Vedic
297:Devis
293:Devas
258:Shiva
5979:Iran
5692:Serf
5497:Lord
5435:Nair
5328:List
5239:Pink
5229:Grey
5219:Blue
5208:By "
4795:Yoga
4674:ISBN
4548:ISBN
4477:ISBN
4450:ISBN
4363:ISBN
4301:ISBN
4252:ISBN
4211:2011
4117:ISBN
4087:ISBN
4062:ISBN
3984:ISBN
3963:ISBN
3896:Agni
3808:and
3779:and
3768:and
3764:The
3723:and
3711:The
3640:and
3598:and
3502:and
3210:Jāti
2995:and
2508:Kena
2457:Isha
1670:Atri
1502:Yoga
1451:Bihu
1421:Onam
1364:Holi
1164:Arts
1111:Yogi
1098:Yoga
1061:Sevā
1056:Dāna
1011:Homa
991:Japa
961:Ārtī
956:Puja
882:Dāna
842:Dayā
700:Mind
683:Maya
593:Kama
434:Sita
424:Rama
399:Kali
365:Vayu
315:Agni
217:List
5234:New
4592:doi
3658:vis
3650:vis
550:God
6123::
4790:Om
4627:^
4598:.
4588:22
4586:.
4556:.
4505:.
4485:.
4299:.
4279:^
4157:^
4101:^
4056:.
4027:^
3906:.
3735:.
3703:.
3622:,
3618:,
3508:.
3442:,
3438::
2829:,
538:Om
61:on
5462:/
5212:"
4857:e
4850:t
4843:v
4724:e
4717:t
4710:v
4682:.
4606:.
4594::
4458:.
4371:.
4309:.
4260:.
4213:.
4125:.
4095:.
4070:.
3992:.
3971:.
3875:-
3845:(
3500:,
3434:(
3420:e
3413:t
3406:v
3189::
308::
34:.
20:)
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