97:
1834:
629:. The Empire's agricultural economy militated against innovation. Such industry as it possessed was used to full extent for aircraft manufacture; instead of producing single types of aircraft from dedicated assembly lines, contracts were let to multiple factories, and individual factories were producing multiple types of aircraft. Shortage of unskilled labor also hampered production. Technological backwardness was not limited to the usage of handicraft construction instead of assembly lines. For instance, the most widely used Austro-Hungarian fighter, the
247:
1843:
326:
76:
1851:
446:
Italy's entry into the war on 15 May 1915 opened another front and brought the Empire's greatest opponent into the air war. The new front was in the southern Alps, making for hazardous flying and near-certain death to any aviators crash-landing in the mountains. To remedy Italy's initial shortage of
465:
began to lose its
Italian campaign as Italian superior numbers began to tell. By 19 June 1917, the situation had deteriorated to the point where an Italian attack force of 61 bombers and 84 escorting planes was opposed by an Austro-Hungarian defense of only 3 fighters and 23 two-seaters. Within two
916:
At the outbreak of war, Austro-Hungarian aircraft were brightly painted in red and white bands all along the fuselage. These were swiftly discarded, but the red/white/red bands on the wingtips and tail remained. Aircraft supplied from
Germany generally arrived with the familiar black cross marking
494:
but only 16 were fighter squadrons. By 26 October, a fighter mass of some 400 Italian, British, and French airplanes attacked in the air as the
Italian army conducted an offensive. The depleted Austro-Hungarians could send only 29 airplanes in opposition. The local armistice on 3 November 1918 was
454:
The 1916 Austro-Hungarian aviation program called for expansion to 48 squadrons by year's end but only 37 were established. Two-seater reconnaissance and bomber squadrons often had a number of single-seat fighters as escorts on missions. This reflected the army high command's emphasis on tying
798:
were each responsible for supplying a combat sector of the Austro-Hungarian forces. They supplied hardware and supplies to the aviation units. They also served as repair depots for severely damaged aircraft; they would repair some airplanes that were damaged beyond a frontline unit's repair
483:
Austro-Hungarian plans for 1918 called for increasing its aerial force to 100 squadrons containing 1,000 pilots. Production climbed to 2,378 aircraft for the year. Withdrawal of German air units to fight in France worsened the Austro-Hungarians' shortage of aircraft. By June 1918, the
932:, under both lower wing surfaces, and on the sides of the hull. Additionally, the rudder and elevators were blocked out in red and white; broad red and white bands were sometimes applied to the outboard ends of the wings also. There were also serial numbers on the hull.
624:
Although all of the
European powers were unprepared for modern air warfare in the beginning of the conflict, Austria-Hungary was one of the most disadvantaged due to the empire's traditionalist military and civilian leadership combined with a relatively low degree of
640:
Wartime production totaled 5,180 airplanes for four years of war; by comparison, Austria-Hungary's major foe, Italy, built about 18,000 in three years. Austro-Hungarian practice included inspection of completed aircraft by army officers before they left the factory.
820:("spare flier company"). These replacement depots served a dual purpose. They not only trained and supplied air crew and maintenance staff as replacements to frontline units; they also formed new units to be posted to the front. By war's end, there were 22 of these
423:. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the city. During the bombing raid,
509:
strength had peaked at only 550 aircraft during the war, despite having four fronts to cover. Its wartime losses amounted to 20 percent of its naval fliers killed in action or accident, and 38 percent of its army aviators.
430:
fired at the enemy aircraft and shot one down. It crashed in the city and both pilots died from their injuries. The gun
Ljutovac used was not an anti-aircraft gun but a slightly modified Turkish gun captured during the
178:
458:
During 1917, Austria-Hungary pushed its number of flying training schools to 14, with 1,134 trainees. The expansion program was stretched to 68 squadrons, and the Air
Service managed to set up the 31 units needed. The
190:
351:, an army engineering officer. The Air Service would remain under his command until the end of World War I in 1918. The first officers of the air force were private pilots with no military aviation training.
1262:
Above the war fronts : the
British two-seater bomber pilot and observer aces, the British two-seater fighter observer aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian fighter aces 1914–1918
354:
At the outbreak of war, the Air
Service was composed of 10 observation balloons, 85 pilots and 39 operational aircraft. By the end of 1914, there were 147 operational aircraft deployed in 14 units. Just as
272:
2455:
708:
from
Germany but failed to acquire any. The navy ordered four to be locally manufactured in 1917 but none were completed before the armistice. They were scrapped by the Allies after the war.
2470:
2465:
692:
2077:
1379:
522:
models that were domestically manufactured by
Austrian firms (often with modifications), and aircraft that were imported from Germany. These aircraft included:
1678:
1514:
408:
before the IRAS ceased operations in mid-1917. The Austro-Hungarians requested, and received, aerial reinforcements from their German allies, especially in
1562:
1992:
1331:
1716:
1411:
920:
Austria-Hungary produced 413 seaplanes during the war. These naval aircraft were more elaborately marked. Typically, a flying boat sported a black
1823:
2460:
329:
Hansa-Brandenburg G.I(U) twin engined bomber, produced by UFAG (Hungarian airplane factory), joint-stock company, in 1917 (a subsidiary of
2067:
1449:
1319:
1743:
472:
found itself facing over 200 enemy aircraft a day. Some of the disparity can be explained by the importation of four squadrons of the
1671:
862:, or a single-seater photographic reconnaissance squadron. 'Rb' designated a squadron capable of flying photo sequences and mosaics.
480:. Then, when winter came on, shortages of coal and other crucial supplies further hampered production for the Empire's Air Service.
1477:
917:
already applied, and this was adopted officially from 1916, though individual aircraft occasionally kept some red-white-red bands.
843:
in existence by war's end. By 1917, their unit numbers were extended by a letter suffix denoting the unit's mission. For instance:
1753:
375:
were the most common variant; the K Series heavy bombers mounted an offensive against the Italians that suffered few casualties.
1926:
1879:
1404:
1290:
2107:
402:(IRAS) posed a credible threat, although its wartime production of 4,700 air frames gave it no numerical advantage over the
2350:
1664:
1494:
1472:
1444:
2450:
2400:
2097:
1884:
2246:
2189:
2087:
1874:
1610:
1605:
1557:
1351:
1309:
1269:
2310:
2040:
1968:
1731:
1374:
1250:
924:
on a box of white background for national insignia; the boxed crosses were found on top of upper wing surfaces both
1903:
1889:
1439:
1397:
2395:
1645:
518:
The aircraft employed by the Air Service were a combination of Austro-Hungarian designs built within the empire,
364:
2385:
2119:
1782:
1582:
1489:
310:
2159:
2145:
704:
on 20 June 1914. This ended the airship program. During the war the military expressed interest in purchasing
1687:
1434:
130:
1335:
2140:
1738:
1567:
1384:
399:
177:
1787:
1758:
306:
1792:
1640:
1595:
1572:
2300:
2290:
2092:
1953:
1797:
1726:
1172:
O'Connor, p. 259. Note: Although existent from war's beginning, it was not entitled until March 1915.
660:
1721:
2380:
587:
409:
443:, as they trekked across the snowy plain of Kosovo, in the first aerial bombardment of civilians.
161:
1833:
1711:
1552:
1540:
1420:
439:
fire. In late November 1915, Austrian aeroplanes bombarded columns of soldiers and refugees from
189:
2234:
2177:
2059:
1897:
359:
fielded a joint army and navy, they also had army and naval aviation arms. The latter operated
31:
17:
2330:
2051:
1868:
1701:
1280:
630:
582:
577:
572:
532:
235:
230:
207:
2240:
2183:
2335:
2295:
2102:
1976:
1958:
637:
that would allow aiming the airplane's nose and firing its weaponry through the propeller.
634:
435:
in 1912. This was the first occasion that a military aircraft was shot down with artillery
2305:
1352:"Radoje Raka Ljutovac – first person in the world to shoot down an airplane with a cannon"
8:
2345:
2271:
2258:
2211:
2201:
2153:
729:
477:
2390:
1769:
1630:
2320:
1945:
1590:
1577:
1535:
1504:
473:
290:
2325:
1454:
2252:
2195:
1305:
1286:
1265:
1246:
1014:
697:
626:
440:
670:
2375:
2340:
1763:
1482:
432:
255:
214:
2425:
2405:
2216:
1803:
2420:
2415:
2002:
1545:
925:
755:
427:
383:
356:
338:
302:
276:
246:
102:
1842:
1656:
921:
839:
were understaffed, seldom having more than eight pilots per unit. There were 77
2410:
2365:
2355:
2131:
1980:
1817:
1499:
898:
attached to ground support squadrons; they were often repurposed 'D' squadrons.
612:
537:
424:
368:
251:
2315:
1776:
2444:
2064:
2056:
1748:
607:
592:
519:
436:
617:
223:
2360:
2150:
1509:
770:
701:
602:
567:
562:
557:
547:
527:
416:
372:
325:
1389:
2370:
1810:
1706:
1208:
O'Connor, p. 259. Note: there were several other less common designators.
597:
348:
314:
219:
157:
140:
30:"Austro-Hungarian Air Force" redirects here. For the naval aviation, see
1850:
75:
2263:
2206:
649:
552:
420:
395:
378:
Austro-Hungarian pilots and aircrew originally faced the air forces of
330:
1282:
Outcast Europe: The Balkans, 1789–1989: From the Ottomans to Milosevic
929:
799:
capabilities, and send the worst back to a factory. There were three
347:) and would later be re-organized in 1912 under the command of Major
298:
112:
748:
728:("aviation arsenal"), a complex bureaucracy working for a civilian
705:
542:
360:
645:
391:
379:
2456:
Military units and formations of Austria-Hungary in World War I
2034:
763:
759:
741:
722:
was organized into a trilevel organization. At the top was the
448:
387:
202:
2044:
2027:
2020:
2013:
1996:
1986:
305:
until the empire's demise in 1918; it saw combat on both the
2006:
476:
to augment the Italian fighter force in the wake of the
1260:
Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell; Alegi, Gregory (1997).
1028:
871:
flying short range reconnaissance for an army division.
776:
An unnumbered group in Berlin to accept German aircraft
1318:
1020:
419:
observed three Austro-Hungarian aircraft approaching
2471:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1918
805:
at war's beginning; there were eleven by war's end.
1636:
Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
732:. New airplanes were shipped from the factory to a
447:fighter planes, France posted a squadron to defend
1302:Air Aces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1914–1918
2466:Military units and formations established in 1893
1686:
736:group for acceptance. These groups were located:
27:Air warfare branch of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
2442:
1320:"How was the first military airplane shot down?"
1717:Privilegiertes uniformiertes Grazer BĂĽrgerkorps
1304:(1st ed.). Oxford: FLYING MACHINES PRESS.
65:
59:
1672:
1405:
902:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
834:
828:
815:
809:
800:
793:
787:
781:
723:
717:
644:Before the war, the army also operated four
504:
501:, as its parent nation passed into history.
496:
485:
467:
460:
403:
342:
284:
122:est. ~5,430 aircraft produced for the KuKLFT
53:
47:
2247:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
2190:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
1419:
1679:
1665:
1412:
1398:
827:Finally, there were the line units of the
281:Kaiserliche und Königliche Luftfahrtruppen
49:Kaiserliche und Königliche Luftfahrtruppen
1278:
1034:
880:was flying short range recon for a corps.
324:
245:
371:seaplane stations also hosted bombers.
14:
2461:1893 establishments in Austria-Hungary
2443:
2068:Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten
2127:FML Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina
1660:
1393:
1375:Austro-Hungarian World War I aviation
2351:Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria
2052:Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von KomarĂłw
1243:Austro-Hungarian aces of World War 1
415:On 30 September 1915, troops of the
2401:Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria
2098:Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen
386:, while also fielding air units in
337:The Air Service began in 1893 as a
295:Császári és Királyi Légjárócsapatok
67:Császári és Királyi Légjárócsapatok
24:
2088:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
1849:
1841:
1832:
1611:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
1606:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
268:Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
25:
2482:
2311:Archduke Joseph August of Austria
2141:Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky
2078:Supreme Commander of the Imperial
1368:
1300:O'Connor, Martin (January 1986).
2136:FML Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld
1646:Bulgarian Army Aeroplane Section
1334:. Amanet Society. Archived from
1226:O'Connor, pp. 238–239, 253, 256.
975:O'Connor, pp. 238–239, 252, 256.
264:Austro-Hungarian Aviation Troops
188:
176:
95:
74:
42:Austro-Hungarian Aviation Troops
2396:Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield
2060:Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
786:forwarded aircraft received to
711:
365:Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield
2386:Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel
2268:Adm Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels
2259:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
2202:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
1783:Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops
1583:United States Army Air Service
1558:Canadian Air Force (1918–1920)
1450:Aircraft of the Central Powers
1445:Aircraft of the Entente Powers
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
942:
13:
1:
2108:Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza
1688:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
1233:
344:Militär-Aeronautische Anstalt
131:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
1568:Imperial Russian Air Service
808:Other midlevel units in the
455:fighters to defensive duty.
451:from the Austro-Hungarians.
400:Imperial Russian Air Service
7:
2241:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
2235:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
2184:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
2178:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
2160:Arthur Arz von StrauĂźenburg
2146:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
2009:Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ă„ltere)
1788:Imperial and Royal Dragoons
1759:Imperial and Royal Infantry
1631:Imperial German Air Service
1385:Austria-Hungary and the LFT
1380:Aircraft of Austria-Hungary
1241:Chant, Christopher (2002).
1136:Franks, et al, pp. 112–113.
1118:Franks, et al, pp. 112–113.
1100:Franks, et al, pp. 112–113.
1091:Franks, et al, pp. 111–112.
911:
865:'D' meant a squadron was a
669:(1910–1913), also known as
659:(1909–1914), also known as
513:
61:Császári és Királyi Légierő
10:
2487:
2451:Austro-Hungarian Air Force
2253:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
2196:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
1793:Imperial and Royal Hussars
1712:Imperial Austrian Landwehr
1641:Ottoman Aviation Squadrons
1354:. PeÄŤat. 30 September 2014
1324:National Geographic Serbia
1154:Franks, et al, pp.109–110.
1022:National Geographic Serbia
889:, a long range recon unit.
792:("aviation parks"). These
367:became an ace in one. The
320:
29:
2291:Archduke Eugen of Austria
2283:
2225:
2168:
2116:
2076:
1967:
1944:
1937:
1912:
1860:
1830:
1798:Imperial and Royal Uhlans
1727:Royal Croatian Home Guard
1694:
1621:
1523:
1463:
1427:
495:the effective end of the
490:'s strength peaked at 77
229:
213:
201:
196:
184:
172:
167:
151:
146:
136:
126:
118:
108:
90:
82:
73:
46:
41:
2381:Viktor Dankl von Krasnik
2005:(FZM) Arthur Maximilian
1285:. Taylor & Francis.
935:
895:Schlachtfliegerkompagnie
868:Divisionsfliegerkompanie
588:Hansa-Brandenburg G.I(U)
2301:Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli
2272:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
2212:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
2132:Franz Freiherr von John
1981:Franz Freiherr von John
1573:Royal Italian Air Corps
1553:Australian Flying Corps
1541:Royal Naval Air Service
1421:Aviation in World War I
1264:. London: Grub Street.
830:K. u. K Luftfahrtruppen
811:K. u. K Luftfahrtruppen
719:K. u. K Luftfahrtruppen
303:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2080:and Royal Armed Forces
2041:General der Infanterie
1993:General der Kavallerie
1854:
1846:
1837:
1722:Royal Hungarian Honvéd
1602:Japanese air services
1279:Gallagher, T. (2013).
1217:Franks, et al, p. 109.
1199:O'Connor, pp. 258–259.
1073:Franks, et al, p. 109.
993:Franks, et al, p. 110.
984:O'Connor, pp. 297–298.
966:Franks, et al, p. 107.
957:Franks, et al, p. 107.
904:Grossflugzeugkompagnie
903:
894:
886:Fernaufklarerkompagnie
885:
876:
867:
859:Photoeinsitzerkompanie
858:
849:
835:
829:
816:
810:
801:
794:
788:
782:
724:
718:
505:
497:
486:
468:
461:
404:
343:
334:
294:
286:K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen
285:
280:
259:
66:
60:
55:K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen
54:
48:
32:K.u.K. Seefliegerkorps
1853:
1845:
1836:
1749:Military Intelligence
1702:Austro-Hungarian Army
1532:British air services
1495:Aerial reconnaissance
817:Fliegerersatzkompanie
693:Militärluftschiff III
679:Militärluftschiff III
631:Hansa-Brandenburg D.I
583:Hansa-Brandenburg D.I
578:Hansa-Brandenburg C.I
573:Hansa-Brandenburg B.I
533:Etrich Luft-Limousine
328:
258:(the man on the left)
249:
236:Hansa-Brandenburg C.I
208:Hansa-Brandenburg G.I
162:Conrad von Hötzendorf
2336:Karol Durski-Trzaska
2296:Franz Rohr von Denta
2276:RAdm Franz von Holub
2264:Grand Adm Anton Haus
2207:Grand Adm Anton Haus
1977:Feldmarschalleutnant
907:, a bomber squadron.
874:'K' showed that the
853:, a fighter squadron
758:(later moved to the
685:Militärluftschiff IV
667:Militärluftschiff II
635:synchronization gear
2346:Tadeusz Rozwadowski
2169:Commanders-in-Chief
2154:Blasius von Schemua
1989:Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld
1587:Greek air services
1428:People and aircraft
877:Korpsfligerkompanie
850:Jagdfliegerkompanie
696:was destroyed in a
657:Militärluftschiff I
478:Battle of Caporetto
1855:
1847:
1838:
1732:42nd Inf. Division
1578:Romanian Air Corps
1563:French Air Service
1536:Royal Flying Corps
1505:Flight over Vienna
1332:"Ljutovac, Radoje"
1245:. Oxford: Osprey.
789:Fliegeretappenpark
474:Royal Flying Corps
335:
260:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2306:Svetozar Boroević
2217:Adm MiklĂłs Horthy
1969:Ministers for War
1654:
1653:
1596:Naval Air Service
1490:Bombing of cities
1473:Strategic bombing
1338:on 6 October 2014
1292:978-1-317-68453-4
1190:O'Connor, p. 259.
1181:O'Connor, p. 259.
1163:O'Connor, p. 258.
1064:O'Connor, p. 111.
1046:O'Connor, p. 258.
948:O'Connor, p. 258.
698:mid-air collision
633:, lacked the gun
627:industrialisation
241:
240:
173:National Markings
16:(Redirected from
2478:
2391:Stjepan Sarkotić
2376:Maximilian Ronge
2341:Gheorghe Flondor
2331:Georg Dragičević
2093:Francis Joseph I
1995:(GdK) Alexander
1954:Francis Joseph I
1942:
1941:
1764:Alpine companies
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1591:Army Air Service
1414:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1327:
1315:
1296:
1275:
1256:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
967:
964:
958:
955:
949:
946:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
861:
852:
838:
836:Fliegerkompanies
832:
819:
813:
804:
797:
791:
785:
727:
721:
508:
500:
489:
471:
464:
433:First Balkan War
407:
346:
288:
275:
256:Godwin Brumowski
250:An Oeffag built
192:
180:
101:
99:
98:
78:
69:
63:
57:
51:
39:
38:
21:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2430:
2421:Georg von Trapp
2416:Giovanni Luppis
2326:GĂĽnther Burstyn
2279:
2227:
2221:
2170:
2164:
2118:
2112:
2079:
2072:
2030:von Krieghammer
2003:Feldzeugmeister
1985:FML Franz Kuhn
1963:
1933:
1921:Luftfahrtruppen
1908:
1904:Danube Flotilla
1898:Seefliegerkorps
1856:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1690:
1685:
1655:
1650:
1623:
1617:
1546:Royal Air Force
1525:
1519:
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756:Wiener-Neustadt
730:Ministry of War
714:
622:
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506:Luftfahrtruppen
498:Luftfahrtruppen
487:Luftfahrtruppen
469:Luftfahrtruppen
462:Luftfahrtruppen
428:Radoje Ljutovac
405:Luftfahrtruppen
357:Austria-Hungary
323:
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103:Austria-Hungary
96:
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58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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2418:
2413:
2411:Franz von Keil
2408:
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2398:
2393:
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2373:
2368:
2366:Oskar Potiorek
2363:
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2062:
2054:
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2031:
2024:
2017:
2012:FZM Ferdinand
2010:
2000:
1990:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
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1877:
1864:
1862:
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1827:
1826:
1821:
1818:Grenz infantry
1814:
1807:
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1795:
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1622:Central Powers
1619:
1618:
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1614:
1613:
1608:
1600:
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1593:
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1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
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1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1524:Entente Powers
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1500:Fokker Scourge
1497:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
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1431:
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1425:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1370:
1369:External links
1367:
1365:
1364:
1348:
1328:
1316:
1311:978-1891268069
1310:
1297:
1291:
1276:
1271:978-1898697565
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1035:Gallagher 2013
1027:
1013:
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778:
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752:
745:
725:Fliegerarsenal
713:
710:
689:
688:
682:
676:
664:
621:
620:
615:
613:Albatros D.III
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
538:Lohner Type AA
535:
530:
524:
515:
512:
369:Adriatic Coast
322:
319:
252:Albatros D.III
242:
239:
238:
233:
231:Reconnaissance
227:
226:
217:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
197:Aircraft flown
194:
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2446:
2427:
2426:Janko Vuković
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:MiklĂłs Horthy
2404:
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2322:
2321:Josip Jelačić
2319:
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2256:
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2250:
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2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:Naval Section
2224:
2218:
2215:
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2208:
2205:
2203:
2199:
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2144:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2120:General Staff
2117:Chiefs of the
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2065:Generaloberst
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:Feldmarschall
2055:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:FZM Heinrich
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
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1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1928:
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1924:
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1922:
1918:
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1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1891:
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1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
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1859:
1852:
1844:
1835:
1825:
1824:Stormtroopers
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1804:StandschĂĽtzen
1801:
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1744:Rank insignia
1742:
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1501:
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1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
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1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1353:
1349:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1326:(in Serbian).
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1252:9781841763767
1248:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1145:Chant, p. 16.
1142:
1133:
1127:Chant, p. 71.
1124:
1115:
1109:Chant, p. 15.
1106:
1097:
1088:
1082:Chant, p. 14.
1079:
1070:
1061:
1055:Chant, p. 10.
1052:
1043:
1037:, p. 73.
1036:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1008:
1002:Chant, p. 19.
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
941:
933:
931:
927:
923:
918:
905:
900:
896:
891:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
855:
851:
846:
845:
844:
842:
837:
831:
825:
823:
818:
812:
806:
803:
796:
790:
784:
780:In turn, the
775:
772:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:
746:
743:
739:
738:
737:
735:
731:
726:
720:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:
686:
683:
680:
677:
675:
674:
668:
665:
662:
661:Parseval PL 4
658:
655:
654:
653:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:Albatros D.II
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:Aviatik B.III
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
523:
521:
511:
507:
502:
499:
493:
488:
481:
479:
475:
470:
463:
456:
452:
450:
444:
442:
438:
437:ground-to-air
434:
429:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
350:
345:
340:
332:
327:
318:
316:
312:
311:Italian Front
308:
307:Eastern Front
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
282:
278:
274:
269:
265:
257:
253:
248:
243:Military unit
237:
234:
232:
228:
225:
221:
218:
216:
212:
209:
206:
204:
200:
195:
191:
187:
185:Tail Markings
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
163:
159:
156:
150:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
62:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2361:Artur Phleps
2226:Heads of the
2151:Generalmajor
2043:(GdI) Franz
2037:von Pitreich
1920:
1919:
1896:
1869:Kriegsmarine
1867:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1775:
1768:
1635:
1624:air services
1526:air services
1510:Bloody April
1356:. Retrieved
1340:. Retrieved
1336:the original
1323:
1301:
1281:
1261:
1242:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1030:
1021:
1016:
1011:Chant, p. 9.
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
922:cross pattée
919:
915:
892:'S' meant a
847:'J' denoted
840:
826:
821:
807:
779:
771:Campoformido
733:
715:
712:Organization
702:Farman HF.20
691:
690:
684:
678:
673:Autrichienne
672:
666:
656:
643:
639:
623:
603:Albatros B.I
568:Knoller C.II
563:Fokker E.III
558:Fokker A.III
548:Lohner B.VII
528:Etrich Taube
517:
503:
491:
482:
466:months, the
457:
453:
445:
417:Serbian Army
414:
377:
353:
336:
267:
263:
261:
127:Part of
36:
2371:Alfred Redl
2316:Franz Böhme
2171:of the Navy
2026:GdK Edmund
2019:FZM Rudolf
1880:Battleships
1811:Schutzkorps
1777:Kaiserjäger
1707:Common Army
1466:and battles
754:No. III at
681:(1911–1914)
598:Aviatik D.I
398:. Only the
349:Emil Uzelac
315:World War I
297:) were the
220:Aviatik D.I
158:Emil Uzelac
141:World War I
137:Engagements
2445:Categories
2284:Commanders
1999:von Koller
1938:Leadership
1739:First Army
1435:Commanders
1234:References
901:'G' meant
883:'F' meant
856:'P' meant
769:No. IV at
747:No. II at
671:Lebaudy 6
650:Fischamend
618:Phönix D.I
553:Lohner C.I
421:Kragujevac
396:Montenegro
331:Ganz Works
224:Phönix D.I
154:commanders
147:Commanders
2103:Charles I
2047:Schönaich
1959:Charles I
1913:Air Force
1770:Feldjäger
1464:Campaigns
1455:Zeppelins
930:starboard
814:were the
762:plant in
751:, Hungary
744:, Austria
740:No. I at
706:Zeppelins
361:seaplanes
299:air force
291:Hungarian
273:‹See Tfd›
254:flown by
113:Air Force
86:1893–1918
2045:Freiherr
2028:Freiherr
2021:Freiherr
2014:Freiherr
1997:Freiherr
1987:Freiherr
1946:Emperors
1927:Aircraft
1885:Cruisers
1754:Weaponry
1483:Cuxhaven
1358:5 August
1342:5 August
912:Markings
833:. These
749:Budapest
646:airships
543:Lohner L
514:Aircraft
168:Insignia
1890:U-Boats
1515:Battles
773:, Italy
700:with a
425:private
410:Galicia
392:Albania
380:Romania
373:Lohners
341:corps (
339:balloon
321:History
313:during
301:of the
215:Fighter
152:Notable
91:Country
2035:Ritter
1979:(FML)
1478:German
1308:
1289:
1268:
1249:
764:Odessa
760:Anatra
742:Aspern
687:(1912)
520:German
449:Venice
441:Serbia
394:, and
388:Serbia
384:Russia
277:German
203:Bomber
100:
83:Active
18:KuKLFT
2257:VAdm
2251:VAdm
2245:VAdm
2239:VAdm
2200:VAdm
2194:VAdm
2188:VAdm
2182:VAdm
2023:Merkl
2016:Bauer
1875:Ranks
936:Notes
841:Fliks
822:Fleks
802:Flars
795:Fleps
783:Flars
734:Flars
492:Fliks
2158:GdI
2139:FZM
2130:FML
2050:GdI
2007:Graf
1861:Navy
1695:Army
1440:Aces
1360:2015
1344:2015
1306:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1247:ISBN
928:and
926:port
716:The
382:and
309:and
262:The
119:Size
109:Type
648:at
283:or
266:or
64:or
52:or
2447::
1322:.
824:.
652::
412:.
390:,
363:;
317:.
293::
289:,
279::
1680:e
1673:t
1666:v
1413:e
1406:t
1399:v
1362:.
1346:.
1314:.
1295:.
1274:.
1255:.
1025:.
766:)
663:.
333:)
270:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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