931:
106:
3504:
645:
38:
809:
2342:
942:
1010:
The last group consists of eight short texts called
Prabhrta (Pkt. pahuda, i.e., a gift or a treatise), probably compilations from some older sources, on such topics as the right view (Darsanaprabhrta, in 36 verses), right conduct (Charitraprabhrta, in 44 verses), the scripture (Sutraprabhrta, in 27
820:
sect. Natubhai Shah places him in the second-century CE. Jayandra Soni places him in either the 2nd– or 3rd–century CE. Western scholars, however, place him much later primarily because of ideas he refers to and because his hagiography and quotations from his influential and important work begin to
902:, which is "blissful, energetic, perceptive, and omniscient". Delusion and bondage is caused by the confusion of the workings of karma with the true nature of the soul, which is always pure, in other words, it is caused by taking the view of
889:
operate and where things emerge, last for a certain duration and perish. The mundane aspect is associated with the changing qualities of the soul mainly the influx of karmic particles. The ultimate perspective meanwhile, is that of the pure
828:
In the
Digambara tradition, Kundakunda's texts are among the most important and treasured. The reverence for his scholarship is such that some later texts such as
2197:
2298:
1364:
1440:Ācārya Kundakunda’s Bārasa Aṇuvekkhā – The Twelve Contemplations आचार्य कुन्दकुन्द विरचित बारस अणुवेक्खा (द्वादश अनुप्रेक्षा, बारह भावना)
1309:
2331:
3542:
3483:
1542:
1523:
1504:
1485:
1466:
1447:
1413:
1354:
1295:
1274:
1098:
3567:
3557:
3488:
1644:
3562:
1896:
1617:
3442:
1561:
1424:
The Date of
Kundakundācārya, Aspects of Jainology Vol. III: Pt. Dalsukh Bhai Malvania Felicitation Volume I. Varanasi
1382:
1323:
1254:
675:
629:
130:
885:
For
Kundakunda, the mundane realm of truth is also the relative perspective of normal folk, where the workings of
456:
3527:
3437:
1478:Ācārya Kundakunda’s Pańcāstikāya-saṃgraha – With Authentic Explanatory Notes in English (The Jaina Metaphysics)
3406:
1007:, suggesting the possibility of their origin in the canonical period prior to the division of the community.
3572:
3547:
3473:
3188:
2868:
2324:
1333:
987:
The second group is a collection of ten bhaktis (devotional prayers), short compositions in praise of the
3269:
3228:
3322:
3552:
3088:
2455:
2116:
740:. All Digambara Jains say his name before starting to read the scripture. He spent most of his time at
3183:
2557:
1785:
1714:
491:
409:
381:
3537:
3122:
2745:
2450:
1637:
1535:Ācārya Kundakunda’s Samayasāra – with Hindi and English Translation आचार्य कुन्दकुन्द विरचित समयसार
624:
2537:
210:
3401:
3021:
2317:
1790:
1459:Ācārya Kundakunda’s Niyamasāra – The Essence of Soul-adoration आचार्य कुन्दकुन्द विरचित "नियमसार"
768:, he is popularly referred to as Kundakunda possibly because the modern village of Konakondla in
3532:
3100:
3058:
3003:
1826:
832:
list him third in importance, right after
Mahavira and Mahavira's disciple Indrabhuti Gautama.
531:
1285:
776:
which is his birth place. He is also presumed to be the one being alluded to by names such as
3478:
3249:
3117:
3026:
1881:
668:
1612:
999:
conduct (Charitrabhakti), and so forth. They form the standard liturgical texts used by the
3463:
3427:
3213:
3208:
3178:
3163:
3143:
3112:
3083:
2223:
1876:
1397:
A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century
2658:
8:
3468:
3347:
3310:
3284:
3223:
3173:
2733:
2601:
1886:
1749:
1630:
1374:
1315:
856:(‘The Essence of the Soul’), Kundakunda distinguishes between two perspectives of truth:
574:
125:
895:
3458:
3432:
3305:
3148:
3078:
3073:
2708:
2703:
2013:
1932:
1674:
769:
120:
1106:
1004:
3327:
3218:
3158:
3153:
3138:
3105:
3095:
2909:
2796:
2547:
2401:
2394:
2371:
2273:
1917:
1567:
1557:
1538:
1519:
1500:
1481:
1462:
1443:
1409:
1405:
1378:
1350:
1319:
1305:
1291:
1270:
1250:
911:
360:
304:
299:
240:
228:
160:
2472:
255:
3365:
3337:
3244:
3168:
3063:
3050:
2995:
2960:
2803:
2698:
2649:
2639:
2532:
2521:
2506:
2496:
2487:
2445:
2433:
2091:
2086:
2070:
1653:
1003:
in their daily rituals and bear close resemblance to similar texts employed by the
968:
719:
695:
661:
584:
569:
559:
463:
190:
175:
170:
165:
89:
2060:
1589:
3508:
3359:
3289:
3264:
2970:
2965:
2950:
2930:
2768:
2760:
2686:
2621:
2381:
2293:
2263:
2253:
2233:
2218:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2096:
2043:
1395:
1368:
1344:
1264:
1240:
1020:
702:
649:
564:
433:
419:
142:
1891:
3381:
3279:
3254:
3068:
2985:
2955:
2889:
2823:
2791:
2778:
2773:
2718:
2584:
2579:
2438:
2423:
2353:
2278:
2248:
2018:
1961:
1952:
1732:
1727:
1704:
980:
773:
723:
498:
484:
470:
449:
314:
260:
200:
155:
2818:
477:
3521:
3422:
3274:
3259:
2925:
2691:
2268:
2172:
1821:
1679:
1571:
1391:
793:
344:
309:
274:
115:
2808:
1598:
1580:
442:
3342:
3332:
2940:
2851:
2846:
2833:
2783:
2750:
2713:
2416:
2406:
2258:
2106:
1816:
1236:
915:
833:
741:
701:
His date of birth is māgha māsa, śukla pakṣa, pañcamī tithi, on the day of
619:
349:
319:
180:
150:
2522:
3371:
2945:
2813:
2644:
2629:
2611:
2591:
2574:
2428:
2361:
2288:
2238:
2228:
2167:
2152:
2065:
2001:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1927:
1922:
1901:
1836:
1759:
1739:
1722:
1030:
957:
822:
797:
609:
505:
391:
339:
195:
1335:
Gender and
Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women
3376:
3352:
3013:
2861:
2728:
2723:
2681:
2542:
2462:
2202:
2187:
2177:
2142:
2121:
2111:
2101:
1996:
1991:
1966:
1937:
1686:
1246:
992:
974:
962:
840:
suggests
Kundakunda to have lived in the middle of the 2nd century CE.
808:
745:
715:
711:
706:
541:
536:
386:
376:
279:
250:
205:
2975:
2309:
1622:
105:
3317:
2980:
2935:
2904:
2856:
2841:
2596:
2566:
2389:
2366:
2243:
2192:
2182:
2126:
1947:
1942:
1871:
1861:
1831:
1800:
1795:
1775:
1744:
1669:
1664:
1401:
1000:
996:
919:
817:
733:
698:
and philosopher, who likely lived in the second century CE or later.
692:
614:
604:
579:
414:
366:
245:
77:
43:
37:
930:
3503:
3391:
3386:
2899:
2873:
2606:
2283:
2030:
2008:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1754:
1691:
1554:Âchârya Kundkund’s Samayasāra श्रीमदाचार्य कुन्दकुन्द विरचित समयसार
1025:
749:
644:
354:
2740:
2516:
2511:
2482:
2345:
988:
950:
753:
737:
97:
67:
25:
1242:
Open
Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History
1059:
1057:
3396:
2894:
2634:
2501:
2467:
2052:
2025:
1593:
with Amṛtacandra’s commentary, ed. A. N. Upadhye, Bombay, 1935.
526:
185:
1516:Ācārya Kundakunda’s Rayaṇasāra आचार्य कुन्दकुन्द विरचित रयणसार
1141:
1139:
3031:
3008:
2477:
1126:
1124:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1054:
886:
2341:
956:
The first group comprises four original works described as "
941:
1497:Ācārya Kundakunda’s Pravacanasāra – Essence of the Doctrine
1136:
899:
891:
1602:, text, trans. and comm. by A. Chakravarti, Banaras, 1930.
1121:
1069:
1042:
1151:
972:(The Essence of the Five Existents, in 153 verses), the
732:. He occupies the highest place in the tradition of the
1204:
1202:
1187:
1163:
1214:
1199:
966:(The Essence of the Restraint, in 187 verses), the
949:The works attributed to Kundakunda, all of them in
1175:
978:(The Essence of the Self, in 439 verses), and the
873:or ‘ultimate perspective’, also called “supreme” (
1093:
1091:
800:, besides many other cannons in jain literature.
3519:
1103:Shrimad Rajchandra Adyatmik Sadhana Kendra, Koba
1088:
984:(The Essence of the Teaching, in 275 verses).
2325:
1638:
1390:
1363:
1303:
1145:
1130:
1082:
1063:
1048:
918:. His view has become the mainstream view in
669:
821:appear around 8th-century CE. For example,
2332:
2318:
1645:
1631:
1422:Dhaky, M.A.; Jain, Sagarmal, eds. (1991),
1338:, Berkeley: University of California Press
676:
662:
36:
1421:
863:or ‘mundane perspective’, also delusion (
1584:, ed. and trans. U. Sain, Lucknow, 1931.
940:
929:
807:
2339:
1652:
1311:Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion
910:which is the absolute perspective of a
3520:
1262:
1157:
2313:
1626:
1331:
1193:
1181:
945:Niyamsara, another text by Kundakunda
1551:
1532:
1513:
1494:
1475:
1456:
1437:
1342:
1283:
1235:
1220:
1208:
1169:
852:(‘The Essence of the Doctrine’) and
825:dates him to about mid-8th-century.
13:
1431:
953:, can be divided in three groups.
14:
3584:
1606:
3502:
2340:
1370:Jainism: The World of Conquerors
796:, the author of tamil classical
643:
104:
1426:, vol. I, pp. 187–206
836:in his critical edition of the
3438:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
1613:Jain Literature and Kundakunda
812:The Digambara Shruta tradition
1:
3543:1st-century BC Indian writers
1556:. Dehradun: Vikalp Printers.
1537:. Dehradun: Vikalp Printers.
1518:. Dehradun: Vikalp Printers.
1499:. Dehradun: Vikalp Printers.
1480:. Dehradun: Vikalp Printers.
1461:. Dehradun: Vikalp Printers.
1442:. Dehradun: Vikalp Printers.
1287:Acharya Kundkund's Samayasara
1229:
803:
7:
3568:1st-century BC Indian monks
3558:1st-century BC Indian Jains
2523:
1014:
816:Kundakunda belonged to the
485:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
261:Aparigraha (non-possession)
10:
3589:
843:
748:and later part of life at
471:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
450:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
3563:1st-century BC Jain monks
3499:
3451:
3415:
3298:
3237:
3201:
3131:
3049:
3042:
2994:
2918:
2882:
2832:
2759:
2674:
2620:
2565:
2556:
2380:
2352:
2211:
2135:
2079:
2051:
2041:
1910:
1809:
1768:
1713:
1700:
1660:
1343:Long, Jeffery D. (2013).
1332:Jaini, Padmanabh (1991),
73:
63:
55:
50:
35:
23:
1346:Jainism: An Introduction
1036:
925:
759:
625:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
478:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
268:Anuvratas (further vows)
3402:Jain terms and concepts
3022:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
1552:Jain, Vijay K. (2012).
1533:Jain, Vijay K. (2022).
1514:Jain, Vijay K. (2023).
1495:Jain, Vijay K. (2018).
1476:Jain, Vijay K. (2020).
1457:Jain, Vijay K. (2019).
1438:Jain, Vijay K. (2021).
1304:Jayandra Soni (2003) ,
1284:Jain, Vijay K. (2012),
1011:verses), and so forth.
234:Mahavratas (major vows)
1099:"Shri Kundkundacharya"
946:
938:
813:
532:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
443:Samayasāra (Digambara)
256:Brahmacarya (chastity)
3528:2nd-century BC births
3433:List of Jain ascetics
3238:Dynasties and empires
3027:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
1263:Dundas, Paul (2002).
991:(Acharyabhakti), the
960:" (sara)—namely, the
944:
933:
811:
251:Asteya (non-stealing)
241:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
3428:List of Jain temples
2224:Chandrashekhar Vijay
792:. He is also called
764:His proper name was
705:. He authored many
410:Schools and Branches
42:Idol of KundaKunda,
3573:Indian male writers
3548:Indian Jain writers
3509:Religion portal
3443:Topics List (index)
2734:Mahamastakabhisheka
1750:Digambara Terapanth
1654:Jain monks and nuns
1375:Motilal Banarsidass
1316:Motilal Banarsidass
1290:, Vikalp Printers,
1160:, pp. 107–108.
995:(Srutabhakti), the
650:Religion portal
340:The 24 Tirthankaras
3407:Sexual differences
2014:Ganeshprasad Varni
1675:Indrabhuti Gautama
1306:Balcerowicz, Piotr
1146:Upinder Singh 2008
1131:Jayandra Soni 2003
1083:Natubhai Shah 2004
1064:Jayandra Soni 2003
1049:Natubhai Shah 2004
947:
939:
814:
770:Anantapur district
457:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
3553:Indian Jain monks
3515:
3514:
3197:
3196:
2976:Hampa Nagarajaiah
2869:Auspicious dreams
2797:Bhaktamara Stotra
2670:
2669:
2307:
2306:
2087:Keśiśramanācharya
1544:978-93-5680-382-4
1525:978-93-5980-180-3
1506:978-81-932726-1-9
1487:978-81-932726-5-7
1468:978-81-932726-3-3
1449:978-93-5566-134-0
1415:978-81-317-1120-0
1406:Pearson Education
1356:978-0-85771-392-6
1297:978-81-903639-3-8
1276:978-0-415-26606-2
1172:, pp. 65–66.
1066:, pp. 25–26.
906:, not the higher
848:In texts such as
686:
685:
305:Micchami Dukkadam
300:Bhaktamara Stotra
229:Ethics of Jainism
83:
82:
3580:
3507:
3506:
3469:Monks & nuns
3366:Statue of Ahimsa
3323:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
3047:
3046:
2961:Champat Rai Jain
2804:Tattvartha Sutra
2563:
2562:
2526:
2344:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2092:Swayamprabhasuri
2071:Kharatara Gaccha
1647:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1618:Acharya Kundkund
1575:
1548:
1529:
1510:
1491:
1472:
1453:
1427:
1418:
1387:
1360:
1339:
1328:
1300:
1280:
1259:
1239:(10 July 1998),
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1196:, p. 32–33.
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1109:on 24 March 2022
1105:. Archived from
1095:
1086:
1080:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1046:
969:Pañcāstikāyasāra
935:Pancastikayasara
720:Pancastikayasara
678:
671:
664:
648:
647:
585:Shravanabelagola
492:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
464:Tattvartha Sutra
108:
85:
84:
40:
21:
20:
16:Indian Jain monk
3588:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3538:Jain philosophy
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3495:
3447:
3411:
3360:Panch Kalyanaka
3294:
3233:
3229:Non-creationism
3193:
3127:
3038:
2990:
2971:Jeffery D. Long
2966:Padmanabh Jaini
2951:Virchand Gandhi
2931:Colette Caillat
2914:
2878:
2828:
2755:
2666:
2616:
2552:
2439:Heavenly beings
2376:
2348:
2338:
2308:
2303:
2294:Daulatsagarsuri
2264:Ratnasundarsuri
2254:Ramchandra Suri
2219:Buddhisagarsuri
2207:
2198:Vidyamandansuri
2163:Kalyansagarsuri
2158:Aryarakshitsuri
2148:Bappabhattisuri
2131:
2097:Ratnaprabhasuri
2075:
2047:
2037:
1906:
1805:
1764:
1709:
1705:Digambara monks
1696:
1656:
1651:
1609:
1564:
1545:
1526:
1507:
1488:
1469:
1450:
1434:
1432:Further reading
1416:
1385:
1373:, vol. I,
1357:
1326:
1298:
1277:
1257:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1070:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1021:Simandhar Swami
1017:
928:
846:
806:
762:
703:Vasant Panchami
682:
642:
635:
634:
600:
599:
590:
589:
557:
556:
547:
546:
522:
521:
512:
511:
437:
436:
434:Jain literature
425:
424:
407:
406:
397:
396:
335:
334:
325:
324:
315:Ṇamōkāra mantra
295:
294:
285:
284:
226:
225:
216:
215:
146:
145:
46:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3586:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3513:
3512:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3184:Southeast Asia
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:Organisations
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2986:Jinendra Varni
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2956:Hermann Jacobi
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:Digambara monk
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2824:Uttaradhyayana
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2792:Namokar Mantra
2786:
2781:
2779:Shatkhandagama
2776:
2774:Pravachanasara
2771:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2585:Kashtha Sangha
2582:
2580:Balatkara Gana
2571:
2569:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2424:Jain cosmology
2421:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:Jainism topics
2337:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Vijayanandsuri
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2249:Vimalsagarsuri
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2019:Jinendra Varni
2016:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1953:Saubhagyasagar
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1733:Kashtha Sangha
1730:
1728:Balatkara Gana
1719:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1607:External links
1605:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1562:
1549:
1543:
1530:
1524:
1511:
1505:
1492:
1486:
1473:
1467:
1454:
1448:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1414:
1392:Singh, Upinder
1388:
1383:
1365:Shah, Natubhai
1361:
1355:
1349:. I.B.Tauris.
1340:
1329:
1324:
1301:
1296:
1281:
1275:
1260:
1255:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1223:, p. 128.
1213:
1211:, p. 126.
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1148:, p. 524.
1135:
1120:
1087:
1068:
1053:
1051:, pp. 28.
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1013:
927:
924:
883:
882:
877:) and “pure” (
868:
845:
842:
830:Pravachanasara
805:
802:
774:Andhra Pradesh
761:
758:
730:Barasanuvekkha
724:Pravachanasara
684:
683:
681:
680:
673:
666:
658:
655:
654:
653:
652:
637:
636:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
601:
597:
596:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
558:
554:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
519:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
502:
499:Silappatikaram
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
453:
446:
438:
432:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
408:
404:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
357:
352:
347:
342:
336:
332:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
296:
292:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
237:
236:
227:
223:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
147:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:
128:
123:
118:
110:
109:
101:
100:
94:
93:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
59:2nd century CE
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
41:
33:
32:
29:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3585:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Jain acharyas
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3510:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:List of Jains
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3348:Jain calendar
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3189:United States
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3123:Uttar Pradesh
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Nalini Balbir
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Vegetarianism
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2300:
2299:Hansratnasuri
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Kalapurnasuri
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Jinadattasuri
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Upkeśa Gaccha
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Bhadrabahu II
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Samantabhadra
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:Sudharmaswami
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:Pravacanasāra
1586:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1563:81-903639-3-X
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1384:81-208-1938-1
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1325:81-208-1977-2
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:. Routledge.
1268:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:0-7914-3785-X
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:Cort, John E.
1234:
1233:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1184:, p. 32.
1183:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1133:, p. 26.
1132:
1127:
1125:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1085:, p. 48.
1084:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
983:
982:
981:Pravacanasāra
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
964:
959:
954:
952:
943:
937:of Kundakunda
936:
932:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:vyavahāranaya
901:
897:
893:
888:
880:
876:
872:
869:
866:
862:
861:vyavahāranaya
859:
858:
857:
855:
851:
850:Pravacanasāra
841:
839:
838:Pravachansara
835:
831:
826:
824:
819:
810:
801:
799:
795:
794:Thiruvalluvar
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
757:
756:, Karnataka,
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
699:
697:
694:
690:
679:
674:
672:
667:
665:
660:
659:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
640:
639:
638:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
594:
593:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
561:
551:
550:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
516:
515:
508:
507:
503:
501:
500:
496:
494:
493:
489:
487:
486:
482:
480:
479:
475:
473:
472:
468:
466:
465:
461:
459:
458:
454:
452:
451:
447:
445:
444:
440:
439:
435:
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
411:
401:
400:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Samantabhadra
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
333:Major figures
329:
328:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:Navkar Mantra
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
289:
288:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
246:Satya (truth)
244:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
231:
230:
220:
219:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
144:
138:
137:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
107:
103:
102:
99:
96:
95:
91:
87:
86:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
39:
34:
27:
22:
19:
3364:
3343:Samavasarana
3333:Śalākāpuruṣa
2941:John E. Cort
2852:Ashtamangala
2847:Siddhachakra
2784:Kasayapahuda
2751:Pratikramana
2659:Sthānakavāsī
2417:Anekāntavāda
2413:Jaina logic
2407:Kevala Jñāna
2402:Epistemology
2259:Rajendrasuri
2117:Devardhigani
2107:Sthulabhadra
1892:Prabhācandra
1817:Amritchandra
1780:
1597:
1596:Kundakunda.
1588:
1587:Kundakunda.
1579:
1578:Kundakunda.
1553:
1534:
1515:
1496:
1477:
1458:
1439:
1423:
1396:
1369:
1345:
1334:
1310:
1286:
1265:
1241:
1216:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:the original
1102:
1044:
1009:
986:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
948:
934:
916:Kevala Jnana
907:
903:
884:
878:
874:
870:
864:
860:
853:
849:
847:
837:
834:A.N. Upadhye
829:
827:
815:
789:
786:Grdhrapiccha
785:
781:
777:
765:
763:
742:Ponnur Hills
729:
726:, Astapahuda
710:
700:
688:
687:
620:Jain symbols
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
455:
448:
441:
371:
359:
320:Jai Jinendra
293:Jain prayers
267:
233:
181:Kevala Jnana
151:Anekantavada
18:
3285:Rashtrakuta
3202:Jainism and
3101:Maharashtra
3059:Bundelkhand
2946:Paul Dundas
2819:Kalpa Sūtra
2814:Aptamimamsa
2699:Monasticism
2630:Murtipujaka
2612:Kanji Panth
2592:Taran Panth
2575:Mula Sangha
2429:Siddhashila
2362:Tirthankara
2289:Vallabhsuri
2239:Mahashraman
2229:Jambuvijaya
2168:Yashovijaya
2153:Hemachandra
2066:Tapa Gaccha
2002:Tarun Sagar
1987:Pranamsagar
1982:Pramansagar
1977:Pragyasagar
1972:Kshamasagar
1928:Deshbhushan
1923:Shantisagar
1902:Taran Svami
1887:Yativṛṣabha
1837:Nemichandra
1791:Pushpadanta
1760:Kanji Panth
1740:Taran Panth
1723:Mula Sangha
1158:Dundas 2002
1031:Taran Svami
958:The Essence
908:niścayanaya
871:niścayanaya
823:Paul Dundas
798:Thirukkural
766:Padmanandin
630:Topics list
555:Pilgrimages
506:Valayapathi
405:Major sects
392:Yashovijaya
196:Brahmacarya
3522:Categories
3464:Literature
3353:Samvatsari
3118:Tamil Nadu
3043:Jainism in
2862:Nandavarta
2809:Samayasāra
2761:Literature
2729:Kshamavani
2724:Paryushana
2687:Meditation
2682:Sallekhana
2622:Śvetāmbara
2543:Ratnatraya
2463:Gunasthana
2382:Philosophy
2234:Mahāprajña
2203:Udayaratna
2188:Hiravijaya
2178:Jinaharsha
2143:Haribhadra
2122:Siddhasena
2112:Jinabhadra
2102:Bhadrabahu
2044:Śvetāmbara
1997:Sudhasagar
1992:Pulaksagar
1967:Guptisagar
1938:Guptinandi
1933:Vidyasagar
1897:Vidyananda
1827:Gunabhadra
1781:Kundakunda
1687:Bhadrabahu
1599:Samayasāra
1581:Niyamasāra
1247:SUNY Press
1230:References
1194:Jaini 1991
1182:Jaini 1991
1005:Śvētāmbara
993:scriptures
975:Samayasāra
963:Niyamasāra
875:paramārtha
854:Samayasāra
782:Vakragriva
746:Tamil Nadu
716:Niyamasara
712:Samayasara
707:Jain texts
689:Kundakunda
542:Samvatsari
537:Paryushana
420:Śvetāmbara
387:Haribhadra
377:Siddhasena
372:Kundakunda
280:Sallekhana
206:Gunasthana
201:Aparigraha
143:Philosophy
30:Kundakunda
3382:Sculpture
3318:Ekendriya
3179:Singapore
3164:Hong Kong
3144:Australia
3113:Rajasthan
3084:Karnataka
2996:Community
2981:Bal Patil
2936:Chandabai
2905:Pattavali
2857:Shrivatsa
2842:Jain flag
2719:Festivals
2675:Practices
2663:Terapanth
2650:Tristutik
2640:Kharatara
2602:Terapanth
2597:Bispanthi
2567:Digambara
2390:Five Vows
2367:Ganadhara
2244:Prem Suri
2193:Manatunga
2183:Anandghan
2127:Vimalsuri
1948:Aryanandi
1943:Gyansagar
1882:Aparajita
1872:Kumudendu
1862:Manatunga
1832:Pujyapada
1801:Vattakera
1796:Bhutabali
1776:Dharasena
1745:Bispanthi
1670:Ganadhara
1665:Pattavali
1572:811822895
1402:New Delhi
1367:(2004) ,
1266:The Jains
1221:Long 2013
1209:Long 2013
1170:Long 2013
1001:Digambara
997:mendicant
922:Jainism.
920:Digambara
818:Digambara
804:Biography
734:Digambara
709:such as:
696:Jain monk
693:Digambara
615:Jain flag
605:Ekendriya
580:Shikharji
520:Festivals
415:Digambara
367:Ganadhara
156:Cosmology
78:Digambara
44:Karnataka
3474:Scholars
3452:Navboxes
3311:Timeline
3260:Ikshvaku
3245:Chalukya
3214:Hinduism
3209:Buddhism
3174:Pakistan
3132:Overseas
2919:Scholars
2900:Kshullak
2883:Ascetics
2874:Swastika
2692:Sāmāyika
2607:Yapaniya
2558:Branches
2284:Nemisuri
2136:Medieval
2046:ascetics
2031:Gyanmati
2009:Kshullak
1877:Harisena
1867:Ravisena
1857:Akalanka
1852:Jayasena
1847:Jinasena
1842:Virasena
1810:Medieval
1755:Yapaniya
1715:Branches
1692:Umaswati
1394:(2008),
1026:Kundadri
1015:See also
790:Mahamati
778:Elacarya
750:Kundadri
738:acharyas
570:Palitana
355:Mahavira
345:Rishabha
275:Sāmāyika
126:Timeline
90:a series
88:Part of
64:Religion
51:Personal
3484:America
3479:Temples
3328:Pratima
3306:History
3299:Related
3290:Santara
3270:Kalinga
3265:Kadamba
3255:Hoysala
3224:Sikhism
3149:Belgium
3079:Haryana
3074:Gujarat
3004:Śrāvaka
2910:Acharya
2834:Symbols
2788:Mantra
2741:Upadhan
2714:Rituals
2709:Fasting
2548:Kashaya
2538:Saṃsāra
2517:Nirjara
2512:Samvara
2483:Pudgala
2372:Arihant
2080:Ancient
2053:Gacchas
1918:Acharya
1769:Ancient
1308:(ed.),
1113:28 June
989:acharya
951:Prakrit
844:Thought
754:Shimoga
610:Temples
361:Arihant
211:Saṃsāra
121:History
98:Jainism
68:Jainism
26:Acharya
3489:Bengal
3397:Nigoda
3372:Temple
3338:Tirtha
3280:Pandya
3275:Maurya
3159:Europe
3154:Canada
3139:Africa
3106:Mumbai
3096:Kerala
2895:Aryika
2635:Gaccha
2507:Bandha
2502:Asrava
2497:Tattva
2488:Dharma
2468:Dravya
2456:Causes
2434:Naraka
2395:Ahimsa
2212:Modern
2026:Aryika
1911:Modern
1570:
1560:
1541:
1522:
1503:
1484:
1465:
1446:
1412:
1381:
1353:
1322:
1294:
1273:
1253:
898:, the
879:śuddha
691:was a
575:Girnar
527:Diwali
350:Pārśva
224:Ethics
191:Tattva
186:Dravya
171:Dharma
161:Ahimsa
3416:Lists
3377:Stupa
3250:Ganga
3219:Islam
3169:Japan
3089:North
3064:Delhi
3051:India
3032:JAINA
3014:Tamil
3009:Sarak
2769:Agama
2746:Tapas
2533:Death
2524:Mokṣa
2478:Ajiva
2451:Types
2446:Karma
2274:Tulsi
1037:Notes
926:Works
896:atman
887:karma
760:Names
736:Jain
598:Other
560:Tirth
176:Mokṣa
166:Karma
131:Index
116:Jains
3459:Gods
2645:Tapa
2473:Jīva
2354:Gods
1962:Muni
1568:OCLC
1558:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1115:2020
912:Jina
900:jiva
892:soul
865:moha
728:and
74:Sect
56:Born
3392:Law
3387:Art
3069:Goa
894:or
788:or
772:of
565:Abu
3524::
1566:.
1408:,
1404::
1400:,
1377:,
1318:,
1314:,
1249:,
1245:,
1201:^
1138:^
1123:^
1101:.
1090:^
1071:^
1056:^
914:-
784:,
780:,
752:,
744:,
722:,
718:,
714:,
92:on
2333:e
2326:t
2319:v
1646:e
1639:t
1632:v
1574:.
1547:.
1528:.
1509:.
1490:.
1471:.
1452:.
1359:.
1279:.
1117:.
881:)
867:)
677:e
670:t
663:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
