443:; upon the father's death, his property is inherited by his eldest son. The Bakweri have traditionally practised polygamy, although with Christianisation, this custom has become extremely rare. In the traditional Bakweri society, women are chosen as future spouses when they are still children, and in some cases, even before they were born. The father or relative of the woman have been paid a dowry, thus the woman is considered as a property to the husband and his family. Upon the husband's death, the eldest surviving brother inherits the wife. A husband's prosperity was also intricately linked to the influence of his wife or wives. The wives tended his pigs, goats, cattle, arable land, so no one could trespass or exceed them, etc.
30:
316:
327:. They live in over 100 villages east and southeast of Mount Cameroon with Buea their main population centre. Bakweri settlements largely lie in the mountain's foothills and continue up its slopes as high as 4,000 metres. They have further villages along the Mungo River and the creeks that feed into it. The town of Limbe is a mixture of Bakweri, Duala, and other ethnic groups.
370:
Traditional
Bakweri society was divided into three strata. At the top were the native Bakweri, with full rights of land ownership. The next tier consisted either non-Bakweri or the descendants of slaves. Finally, the slaves made up the bottom rung. Chiefs and headmen sat at the pinnacle of this
294:
The new colonials maintained the German policies of ousting uncooperative rulers and of impressing workers for the plantations. Individuals could opt to pay a fine to avoid the labour, however, which led to a dearth of workers from the wealthier areas. The
British thus renewed encouragement for
346:
The
Bakweri today are divided into the urban and rural. Those who live in the cities such as Limbe and Buea earn a living at a number of skilled and unskilled professions. The rural Bakweri, in contrast, work as farmers, making use of Mount Cameroon's fertile volcanic soils to cultivate
490:
peoples are invited to participate. It originated as a means of training Duala children the skills of warfare. Now, however, the main focus is on communicating with the ancestors and asking them for guidance and protection for the future. The festivities also include armed combat,
522:
Assemblies, secret societies, and other groups play an important role in keeping the
Bakweri unified, helping them set goals, and giving them a venue to find solutions to common problems. Secret societies include the Leingu, Maalé (Elephant dance), Mbwaya, and Nganya.
427:. A growing number of the Bakweri today grow up with Pidgin as a more widely spoken language. The Bakweri also used a drum language to convey news from clan to clan, and they also utilized a horn language peculiar to them.
466:
persist. might be expected for coastal peoples, the sea also plays an important role in this faith. Traditional festivals held each year serve as the most visible expression of these traditional beliefs in modern times.
299:
from
Nigeria entered the area, and the newcomers grew numerically and economically dominant over time. This led to ethnic tensions with the indigenes. Land expropriation was another problem, faced particularly in 1946.
216:, who migrated to the Mount Cameroon area for hunting. In addition, a few isolated villages, such as Maumu and Bojongo, claim some alternate descent and may represent earlier groups whom the expanding Bakweri absorbed.
287:. Great Britain took control of Bakweri lands. Great Britain integrated its portion of Cameroon with the neighbouring colony of Nigeria, setting the new province's capital at Buea. The British practised a policy of
239:
Germany signed a protectorate agreement with the douala in today
Cameroons in 1884. In 1891, the Gbea Bakweri clan rose up in support of their traditional justice system when the Germans forbade them to use a
267:
in the fertile Mount
Cameroon region. The Bakweri were impressed to work them, but their recalcitrance and small population led the colonials to encourage peoples from further inland, such as the
307:
was the first Prime
Minister of the British Southern Cameroons from 1954–1959. He led other Southern Cameroonian parliamentarians to secede from the Nigerian Eastern House of Assembly in 1954.
208:
and the various creeks that empty into it. In the process, they founded numerous villages, usually when individual families groups split off. A rival
Bakweri tradition says they descend from
331:
487:
165:
271:, to move to the coast. In addition, constant shipping traffic along the coast allowed individuals to move from one plantation or town to another in search of work.
227:
traders reached the
Cameroonian coast in 1472. Over the next few decades, more adventurers came to explore the estuary and the rivers that feed it, and to establish
204:. The Bakweri likely migrated to their present home east of the mountain in the mid-18th century. From the foothills, they gradually spread to the coast, and up the
924:
249:
334:(BLCC) and the government of Cameroon regarding the disposition of Bakweri Lands formerly used by the Germans as plantations and now managed by the
585:
209:
514:. The festival commemorates the ancestors and allows the participants to consider the problems facing the groups and humanity as a whole.
415:, due largely to the spread of the tongue by early missionaries. This is particularly true among the Isubu, many of whom are bilingual in
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507:
244:
involving poison to determine whether a recent Christian convert was in fact a witch. This revolt was squelched with the razing of
917:
910:
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The greatest venue for Bakweri music and dance are the two major festivals that take place each year in December. The
969:
335:
826:
Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges, Vol. 1: From Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century.
475:
The Bakweri still practice arts and crafts handed down for generations. The Bakweri are known to be skilled
372:
324:
42:
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hierarchy in the past, though today such figures have very little power in their own right. Councils of
420:
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or Mokpwe. In addition, individuals who have attended school or lived in an urban centre usually speak
933:
881:
408:
535:
in language and origin. More narrowly, they fall into the Sawa, or the coastal peoples of Cameroon.
1155:
1004:
125:
954:
817:
Derrick, Jonathan (1990). "Colonial Ă©litism in Cameroon: the case of the Duala in the 1930s".
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259:, which they called Kamerunstadt, but they moved their capital to the Bakweri settlement of
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29:
179:
Early survey discussion of these topics may be found in Ardener 1956 and Dugast 1949
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of hats and shirts, for example. They also construct armoires, chairs, and tables.
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424:
304:
97:
819:
Introduction to the History of Cameroon in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.
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989:
885:
563:
Coastal Bantu of the Cameroons, etc. [With maps and genealogical tables.]
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is a traditional festival of the Duala, although today all of Cameroon's coastal
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231:. The Bakweri provided materials to the coastal tribes, who acted as middlemen.
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people from the interior to move to the coast and work the plantations. Many
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in 1901. The colonials' primary activity was the establishment of banana
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Map showing the location of the various Duala ethnic groups of Cameroon
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language family. Neighbouring peoples often utilise Mokpwe as a
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BakweriLands: The Essential Text and Documents of a Native Land
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164:. They are closely related to Cameroon's coastal peoples (the
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121:
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The Bakweri have been largely Christianised since the 1970s
1190:
861:, 15th ed. Dallas: SIL International. Accessed 6 June 2006.
850:, 15th ed. Dallas: SIL International. Accessed 6 June 2006.
839:, 15th ed. Dallas: SIL International. Accessed 6 June 2006.
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245:
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291:, entrusting greater powers to Bakweri chiefs in Buea.
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The Bakweri are primarily concentrated in Cameroon's
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810:DeLancey, Mark W., and Mark Dike DeLancey (2000):
510:brings together the Bakoko, Bakweri, and Limba at
814:(3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press.
812:Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon
1268:
598:
430:
379:allow communities to decide important issues.
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212:or Mokule, a brother of the Duala's forebear
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748:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
584:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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462:Nevertheless, remnants of a pre-Christian
283:, and her colonies became mandates of the
455:denominations dominate, particularly the
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732:
330:There is an ongoing dispute between the
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248:in December 1894 and the death of Chief
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893:(Bakweri Land Claims Committee website)
853:Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005): "
842:Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005): "
831:Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005): "
782:
626:
1269:
391:, a tongue that is closely related to
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219:
63:Regions with significant populations
828:Hong Kong: Macmillan Education Ltd.
602:Inventaire ethnique du Sud-Cameroun
13:
859:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
848:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
837:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
803:Chrispin, Dr. Pettang, directeur.
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399:. Mokpwe is part of the family of
14:
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872:
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255:The Germans initially ruled from
336:Cameroon Development Corporation
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866:History of Cameroon Since 1800.
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431:Marriage and kinship patterns
332:Bakweri Land Claims Committee
33:A Bakweri farmer working his
864:Ngoh, Victor Julius (1996).
805:Cameroun: Guide touristique.
666:DeLancey and DeLancey 113–4.
310:
196:, that they originated from
7:
560:W., Ardener, Edwin (1956).
446:
382:
10:
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421:Cameroonian Pidgin English
341:
188:Early population movements
182:
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934:Ethnic groups in Cameroon
807:Paris: Les Éditions Wala.
675:DeLancey and DeLancey 39.
599:Dugast, Idelette (1949).
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200:, the area southwest of
745:Encyclopædia Britannica
499:races, and traditional
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37:field on the slopes of
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279:In 1918, Germany lost
275:British administration
824:Fanso, V. G. (1989).
318:
235:German administration
192:According to Bakweri
104:Related ethnic groups
719:"Pidgin, Cameroon",
168:), particularly the
162:Republic of Cameroon
98:ancestor worshippers
821:Palgrave MacMillan.
138:other Bantu peoples
24:
884:2009-07-22 at the
387:The Bakweri speak
325:Southwest Province
321:
43:Southwest Province
22:
16:Cameroonian people
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955:Anglo-Cameroonian
777:Guide touristique
762:Guide touristique
303:A Bakwerian, Dr.
285:League of Nations
220:European contacts
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868:Limbe: Presbook.
855:Pidgin, Cameroon
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464:ancestor worship
377:secret societies
305:E. M. L. Endeley
50:Total population
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158:ethnic group
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19:Ethnic group
1010:Beti-Pahuin
899:(in French)
897:Peuple Sawa
879:Bakwerirama
623:Fanso 50-1.
550:Ethnologue.
453:Evangelical
441:patrilineal
437:inheritance
409:Niger–Congo
281:World War I
265:plantations
206:Mungo River
198:Ibibio land
45:of Cameroon
798:References
721:Ethnologue
708:Ethnologue
695:Ethnologue
693:"Mokpwe",
225:Portuguese
945:Akunakuna
639:Fanso 50.
580:cite book
572:316149239
501:wrestling
365:plantains
361:oil palms
311:Geography
94:Christian
75:Languages
1271:Category
990:Bamileke
985:Baligham
882:Archived
791:Ngoh 28.
648:Ngoh 27.
459:church.
447:Religion
435:Bakweri
383:Language
349:cocoyams
269:Bamileke
153:) are a
87:Religion
69:Cameroon
39:Mt. Fako
1251:Wodaabe
1246:Widikum
1171:Mandara
1166:Mambila
1094:Kapsiki
980:Bakossi
706:"Isu",
611:3108719
497:pirogue
477:weavers
457:Baptist
425:English
403:in the
397:Wumboko
342:Culture
338:(CDC).
183:History
160:of the
147:Bakweri
114:Bamboko
96:and/or
41:in the
35:cocoyam
23:Bakweri
1176:Mankon
1136:Kotoko
1114:Tupuri
1109:Musgum
1072:Kanuri
1037:Chamba
1032:Buduma
975:Bakoko
844:Mokpwe
609:
570:
484:Ngondo
393:Bakole
389:Mokpwe
373:elders
363:, and
357:manioc
257:Douala
210:Mokuri
110:Bakole
81:Mokpwe
56:Total:
1256:Wovea
1241:Vengo
1231:Tikar
1221:Shuwa
1211:Nzime
1196:Mungo
1186:Mboko
1161:Makaa
1156:Limba
1151:Kwele
1141:Kuteb
1131:Kombe
1084:Kirdi
1067:Hausa
1062:Gbaya
1047:Dwe'e
1042:Duala
1005:Bassa
1000:Banda
995:Bamum
965:Bafia
539:Notes
533:Bantu
508:Mpo'o
417:Duala
405:Bantu
353:maize
214:Ewale
174:Isubu
170:Duala
155:Bantu
134:Wovea
130:Mungo
126:Limba
122:Isubu
118:Duala
1226:Subu
1216:Pori
1201:Njem
1191:Mofu
1121:Kole
1104:Masa
1099:Mafa
1089:Fali
1057:Fula
1052:Ekoi
1027:Bubi
1020:Fang
1015:Beti
970:Baka
779:126.
607:OCLC
586:link
568:OCLC
512:Edéa
506:The
488:Sawa
471:Arts
395:and
375:and
297:Igbo
261:Buea
246:Buea
172:and
166:Sawa
149:(or
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