20:
922:
could have drawn a similar conclusion that Loki and Lóðurr are identical like some recent scholars or that there still were remnants of an oral tradition. Haukur concludes that if Lóðurr was historically considered an independent deity from Loki, then a discussion of when and why he became identified with Loki is appropriate.
741:Þá er þeir Bors synir gengu með sævarströndu, fundu þeir tré tvau, ok tóku upp tréin ok sköpuðu af menn. Gaf hinn fyrsti nd ok líf, annarr vit ok hrœring, þriði ásjónu, málit ok heyrn ok sjón; gáfu þeim klæði nöfn. Hét karlmaðrinn Askr en konan Embla, ok ólusk þaðan af mannkindin, þeim er bygðin var gefin undir Miðgarði
912:
or a folksource, the writer must have derived the information about the identification either from a tradition or drawn the conclusion from a reading of the Eddic poems, since Snorri himself does not mention Lóðurr in his Edda. Since the contents of the Poetic Edda are assumed to have been forgotten
870:
ballad which is a rare example of the occurrence of Norse gods in folklore. The Odin-kenning "Lóðurr's friend" furthermore appears to parallel the kenning "Loptr's friend" and Loki is similarly referred to as "Hœnir's friend" in Haustlöng, strengthening the trio connection. While many scholars agree
748:
When the sons of Borr were walking along the sea-strand, they found two trees, and took up the trees and shaped men of them: the first gave them spirit and life; the second, wit and feeling; the third, form, speech, hearing, and sight. They gave them clothing and names: the male was called Askr, and
921:
where the same identification is made with Loki and Lóðurr. Haukur Þorgeirsson says that unless the possible but unlikely idea that the 14th and 15th century poets possessed lost written sources unknown to us, the idea must have come from either an unlikely amount of sources from where the poets
609:
is obscure and the translations "film of flesh" and "blood" are just two of the many possibilities that have been suggested. The phrase "litu góða" is somewhat less difficult and traditionally interpreted as "good colours", "good shape", or even "good looks".
812:
to be the name of a third god, but there is no obvious identification in Norse mythology as we know it. Both Lóðurr and Loki have been proposed, but the etymological reasoning is tenuous, and firm conclusions cannot be reached.
2133:
3073:
2123:
896:
has suggested that Loki and Lóðurr are in fact different names for the same deity, basing his contention on the observation that Loki is referred to as Lóður in the rimur
79:, he is assigned a role in animating the first humans, but apart from that he is hardly ever mentioned, and remains obscure. Scholars have variously identified him with
3118:
2128:
623:, meaning "shape of gods", and saw the line as indication that the gods created human beings in their own image. While the manuscripts do not distinguish between the
169:
metre, indicates that it contains the sound value /ó/ rather than /o/. This evidence, while strong, is not incontrovertible and some scholars have held out for a
929:
has also been proposed. This theory emphasizes the possible fertility-related meanings of Lóðurr's name but otherwise has little direct evidence to support it.
2103:
2098:
1275:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2093:
2088:
2083:
764:
in his work, but in this case he does not. We cannot know whether he knew the strophes above or whether he was working entirely from other sources.
1253:
2078:
2073:
871:
with this identification, it is not universally accepted. One argument against it is that Loki appears as a malevolent being later in
3138:
1567:
1497:
1072:
2536:
1973:
1022:
1657:
2410:
1246:
723:
3310:
3050:
2932:
1094:
2231:
2226:
1955:
1174:
1166:
1140:
1239:
913:
around 1400, when the rimur was written, Haukur argues for a traditional identification. Haukur also points to
2480:
952:
829:
does Hœnir and Lóðurr, some scholars have reasoned that Lóðurr might be another name for either Vili or Vé.
1082:
877:, seemingly conflicting with the image of Lóðurr as a "mighty and loving" figure. Many scholars, including
3093:
19:
1557:
3260:
3250:
1647:
2358:
1765:
2415:
2258:
1527:
2490:
2283:
1284:
1014:
749:
the female Embla, and of them was mankind begotten, which received a dwelling-place under
Midgard.
729:
2368:
3195:
2813:
2395:
2363:
2303:
2278:
1477:
878:
2065:
1221:
1983:
1122:
3341:
3045:
3018:
2950:
893:
176:
2940:
2507:
2298:
1054:, Eysteinn Þorvaldsson translated to Icelandic. Reykjavík: Örn og Örlygur. Pages 74 and 184.
3255:
705:, Lóðurr is conspicuously absent. Here the creation of humans is attributed to the sons of
673:
160:
8:
3346:
2612:
2420:
2013:
1507:
1389:
297:
2154:
848:". The main argument for this is that the gods Odin, Hœnir, and Loki occur as a trio in
3108:
2828:
1850:
1262:
1161:. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. 1993. Trans. Angela Hall. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.
2308:
1925:
1910:
1750:
1216:
1180:
882:
833:
was an early proponent of this theory, but recently it has received little attention.
3315:
3305:
3164:
3128:
2955:
2517:
1920:
1314:
1170:
1162:
1136:
773:
2878:
2843:
2838:
2778:
1359:
1105:
659:, Lóðurr's name occurs only twice in the original sources. The name is found in the
2748:
2248:
2008:
1865:
1800:
1289:
1231:
1212:
696:
3336:
3035:
2556:
2425:
2293:
1690:
1447:
3245:
2453:
2201:
1266:
1204:
1195:(1983). "Antropogonimyten i Völuspá. En tekst- og tradisjonskritisk analyse." in
1026:
641:
is, however, not very rigid and in 1983 Rydberg's theory was championed again by
573:
166:
142:
126:
60:
2883:
2733:
2405:
638:
3356:
3169:
3023:
2798:
2576:
2551:
2460:
2043:
1930:
1880:
1870:
1795:
1192:
1146:
867:
830:
660:
642:
628:
614:
31:
2906:
2901:
2390:
1429:
862:
665:
84:
3351:
3330:
3159:
3154:
3103:
3088:
3030:
2978:
2858:
2853:
2788:
2783:
2703:
2693:
2592:
2566:
2475:
2149:
1905:
1740:
1610:
1562:
1057:
837:
515:
475:
3123:
2863:
2823:
2793:
2758:
2728:
2561:
2500:
2400:
2378:
2288:
2236:
1770:
1572:
1079:
Snorra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning : Textar fjögurra meginhandrita
2945:
2273:
1760:
1705:
1344:
1158:
1032:
907:
904:. Haukur argues that, regardless of whether the rimur is based on Snorri's
591:
is debated. Most relevant for the present discussion are Lóðurr's gifts of
326:
155:
103:
The name's meaning is unknown. It has been speculatively linked to various
74:
2848:
2808:
2688:
2673:
2313:
2194:
2028:
2018:
1790:
856:
850:
3113:
3083:
2993:
2833:
2763:
2743:
2723:
2698:
2627:
2617:
1715:
1642:
1424:
1226:
Myth and
Religion of the North : The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia
1132:
314:
66:
3174:
2960:
2803:
2159:
1845:
1720:
1710:
1675:
3280:
3000:
2896:
2768:
2713:
2668:
2648:
2522:
2164:
1755:
1064:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. In particular p. 18 and pp. 124–5.
777:
701:
2888:
2663:
2465:
1805:
1730:
1725:
1680:
916:
3235:
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3008:
2918:
2873:
2773:
2622:
2607:
2385:
2348:
2211:
1900:
1830:
1780:
1775:
1695:
1349:
1044:
104:
42:
3074:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of
Central and Northern Europe
2913:
2602:
2495:
2003:
1993:
1963:
1940:
1512:
1293:
627:/o/ and /ó/, most other scholars have preferred the /ó/ reading for
296:
although more typically the etymology is proposed to originate from
3240:
3220:
2868:
2683:
2512:
2373:
2343:
2243:
1978:
1890:
1815:
1745:
1627:
1399:
1339:
1329:
986:
47:
3285:
3270:
3205:
3098:
2753:
2718:
2597:
2470:
2323:
1915:
1895:
1810:
1547:
1542:
1487:
1472:
1384:
1354:
504:
27:
3230:
2818:
2738:
2708:
2653:
2571:
2184:
1998:
1968:
1670:
1622:
1334:
679:
624:
3078:
2448:
2328:
2318:
2179:
1665:
1482:
1439:
1419:
1374:
1306:
2678:
2643:
2353:
2263:
2253:
2206:
2048:
1988:
1700:
1637:
1600:
1552:
1467:
1209:
Edda Sæmundar Hinns Froða : The Edda Of Sæmund The
Learned
899:
2189:
2033:
1835:
1582:
1577:
1517:
1409:
1135:(2001). Handbook of Norse mythology. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.
56:
3275:
3265:
3225:
3215:
3210:
2658:
2485:
2430:
2338:
2333:
2268:
2216:
2169:
2053:
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1935:
1885:
1875:
1855:
1825:
1820:
1785:
1735:
1685:
1632:
1615:
1605:
1592:
1537:
1522:
1462:
1457:
1379:
1324:
1319:
1228:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. In particular pages 143-4.
1040:
926:
781:
92:
3133:
1840:
772:
Another source sometimes brought into the discussion is the
714:
3200:
3179:
3013:
2986:
2443:
2438:
2174:
2023:
1945:
1860:
1502:
1492:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1369:
886:
845:
805:
797:
710:
706:
683:
587:
The precise meaning of these strophes and their context in
497:
88:
80:
23:
1062:
The Poetic Edda : Volume II : Mythological Poems
2221:
1532:
1452:
885:, have also identified Lóðurr as being the same deity as
151:, "to blaze", have also been mentioned in this context.
95:, but consensus has not been reached on any one theory.
2124:
people, clan, and place names in
Germanic heroic legend
1261:
1150:
1110:Goðafræði Norðmanna og Íslendinga eftir heimildum
825:mentions the sons of Borr in the same context as
3328:
1196:
1184:
1097:
1088:
1069:Lexicon of Kennings : The Domain of Battle
914:
905:
897:
872:
759:
739:
687:
671:
663:
654:
632:
618:
604:
598:
592:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
347:
340:
324:
318:
291:
290:, meaning "Saturday", may possibly derive from
285:
279:
273:
264:
258:
252:
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
210:
204:
198:
192:
186:
180:
170:
158:
146:
136:
130:
120:
114:
108:
72:
64:
836:A more popular theory proposed by the scholar
686:. This seems consistent with Lóðurr's role in
154:The metrical position of Lóðurr's name in the
1247:
1039:. Christiania: Malling. Available online at
953:"The days of the week and Dark Age politics"
2976:
1276:Mythological Norse people, items and places
984:
331:, where the gods animate the first humans.
1254:
1240:
2074:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1112:. Reykjavík: Hið íslenska bókmentafjelag.
1129:, 2. ændrede udg. København: Munksgaard.
18:
1119:. København: S. L. Møllers Bogtrykkeri.
950:
776:. This artifact, dating from about 600
709:, whom Snorri names elsewhere as Odin,
3329:
1211:. (2 vols.) London: Trübner & Co.
944:
46:
1235:
678:where "Lóðurr's friend" is used as a
648:
98:
1152:Undersökningar i germanisk mythologi
1023:The American-Scandinavian Foundation
985:Þorgeirsson, Haukur (January 2011).
892:Recently, Haukur Þorgeirsson of the
767:
175:reading. (Lóðurr's name can also be
2134:named weapons, armour and treasures
724:Normalized text of the R manuscript
631:reasons. The metrical structure of
13:
3311:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1019:The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson
987:"Lokrur, Lóðurr and Late Evidence"
490:no film of flesh nor cry of voice,
14:
3368:
1007:Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989).
788:. This is usually interpreted as
613:The 19th-century Swedish scholar
1974:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1215:edition (1905) available online
1201:, 1983, pp. 80 – 107. Lund.
1127:Eddadigte : Völuspá Hávamál
1011:. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.
1001:
303:
2411:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
978:
550:18. Spirit they possessed not,
1:
932:
937:
7:
2481:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1067:Eysteinn Björnsson (2001).
1052:Goð og hetjur í heiðnum sið
854:, in the prose prologue to
816:
571:and goodly colour. —
10:
3373:
3148:Festivals and holy periods
1198:Arkiv för nordisk filologi
1087:Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.).
1077:Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.).
808:. It would be natural for
653:Apart from the strophe in
526:17. Until there came three
308:
141:, "shape", as well as the
3298:
3188:
3147:
3066:
3059:
2969:
2931:
2636:
2585:
2544:
2535:
2416:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
2142:
2129:named animals and plants
2064:
1954:
1656:
1591:
1438:
1305:
1282:
1273:
1015:Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist
513:and comely hues. —
510:film of flesh Lóðurr gave
177:represented or anglicized
165:, composed in the strict
30:create the first humans,
2237:Black elves (Svartálfar)
1222:Turville-Petre, E. O. G.
1096:This editor prefers the
1050:Bæksted, Anders (1986).
790:Logaþore Wodan Wigiþonar
556:blood nor motive powers,
484:18. Breath they had not,
3119:Sacred trees and groves
2359:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
2232:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1197:
1189:. Reykjavík: Helgafell.
1185:
1115:Finnur Jónsson (1931).
1098:
1089:
925:An identification with
915:
906:
898:
873:
760:
740:
688:
672:
664:
655:
633:
619:
605:
599:
593:
450:— Normalized text
446:
439:
432:
425:
418:
411:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
348:
341:
325:
319:
292:
286:
280:
274:
265:
259:
253:
247:
241:
235:
229:
223:
217:
211:
205:
199:
193:
187:
181:
171:
159:
147:
137:
131:
121:
115:
109:
73:
65:
2977:
2227:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
1876:Narfi (father of Nott)
1151:
786:logaþorewodanwigiþonar
645:. It remains debated.
617:proposed a reading of
35:
2369:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
1648:Sister-wife of Njörðr
1155:. Stockholm: Bonnier.
951:Rausing, Gad (1995).
894:University of Iceland
529:mighty and benevolent
323:occurs only once; in
284:, as well as Finnish
272:Danish and Norwegian
22:
3139:Wetlands and islands
2259:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
1169:. New edition 2000,
844:is "a third name of
758:Snorri often quotes
538:They found on earth,
535:from their assembly.
487:spirit they had not,
460:out of that company,
457:17. Until three came
398:18. Önd þau né áttu,
125:, "to attract". The
2421:Narfi (son of Loki)
1568:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1025:. Available online
1009:Íslensk orðsifjabók
553:sense they had not,
469:They found on land,
3067:Religious practice
3041:Old Norse language
2508:Váli (son of Loki)
2396:Líf and Lífthrasir
2304:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2299:Horses of the Æsir
2279:Hati Hróðvitnisson
1420:Váli (son of Odin)
1263:Old Norse religion
1017:(transl.) (1916).
860:, and also in the
649:Other attestations
565:sense gave Hoenir,
559:nor goodly colour.
99:Name and etymology
48:[ˈloːðurː]
36:
3324:
3323:
3316:Nordic Bronze Age
3306:Germanic paganism
3294:
3293:
3165:Germanic calendar
3129:Temple at Uppsala
2927:
2926:
2531:
2530:
2491:Þjálfi and Röskva
2435:Personifications
1298:and other figures
774:Nordendorf fibula
768:Nordendorf fibula
756:
755:
585:
584:
568:blood gave Lodur,
562:Spirit gave Odin,
541:nearly powerless,
532:Æsir to the world
463:mighty and loving
113:, "fruit, land",
3364:
3064:
3063:
2982:
2749:Grove of fetters
2542:
2541:
2249:Fjalar (rooster)
2009:Fjalar and Galar
1303:
1302:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1213:Norroena Society
1205:Thorpe, Benjamin
1200:
1188:
1154:
1117:Lexicon Poeticum
1101:
1092:
1043:. In particular
1037:Norræn fornkvæði
995:
994:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
957:
948:
920:
911:
903:
876:
763:
743:
720:
719:
697:Snorri Sturluson
691:
677:
669:
658:
636:
622:
608:
602:
596:
547:void of destiny.
493:nor comely hues.
481:without destiny.
466:Æsir to a house.
449:
442:
435:
428:
421:
414:
407:
405:óð þau né höfðu,
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
356:öflgir ok ástgir
351:
344:
334:
333:
330:
322:
295:
289:
283:
277:
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
202:
196:
190:
184:
174:
164:
150:
140:
135:, "to grow" and
134:
124:
118:
112:
78:
70:
50:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3290:
3246:Norse cosmology
3184:
3143:
3055:
3051:Later influence
2965:
2923:
2637:Other locations
2632:
2581:
2527:
2454:Sumarr and Vetr
2138:
2060:
1950:
1751:Gjálp and Greip
1652:
1587:
1434:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1217:at Google Books
1193:Steinsland, Gro
1181:Sigurður Nordal
1147:Rydberg, Viktor
1027:at Google Books
1004:
999:
998:
983:
979:
969:
967:
955:
949:
945:
940:
935:
883:Georges Dumézil
819:
780:, contains the
770:
674:Íslendingadrápa
651:
472:little capable,
311:
306:
161:Íslendingadrápa
119:, "people" and
107:words, such as
101:
61:Norse mythology
17:
12:
11:
5:
3370:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
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3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
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3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:Æsir–Vanir War
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2779:Hoddmímis holt
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2613:Körmt and Örmt
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2044:Sons of Ivaldi
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1390:Móði and Magni
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1207:(tr.) (1866).
1202:
1190:
1178:
1156:
1144:
1130:
1120:
1113:
1106:Finnur Jónsson
1103:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1058:Dronke, Ursula
1055:
1048:
1030:
1012:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
977:
942:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
831:Viktor Rydberg
818:
815:
769:
766:
754:
753:
751:
745:
735:
734:
732:'s translation
726:
650:
647:
643:Gro Steinsland
615:Viktor Rydberg
583:
582:
580:
579:
578:
576:'s translation
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:Ask and Embla,
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
522:
521:
520:
518:'s translation
511:
508:
501:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
453:
452:
451:
443:
436:
429:
426:Önd gaf Óðinn,
422:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
359:
352:
345:
342:Unz þrír kvámu
310:
307:
305:
302:
100:
97:
32:Askr and Embla
26:, Lóðurr, and
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3369:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Öndvegissúlur
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Heitstrenging
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Völsung Cycle
3034:
3032:
3031:Tyrfing Cycle
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:Gesta Danorum
2975:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Fróði's Peace
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:Shield-maiden
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Ask and Embla
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Ingunar-Freyr
1609:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:0-85991-513-1
1172:
1168:
1167:0-85991-369-4
1164:
1160:
1159:Simek, Rudolf
1157:
1153:
1149:(1886-1889).
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:1-57607-217-7
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:Sæmundar Edda
1038:
1034:
1033:Bugge, Sophus
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
992:
988:
981:
965:
961:
954:
947:
943:
930:
928:
923:
919:
918:
910:
909:
902:
901:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
875:
869:
865:
864:
859:
858:
853:
852:
847:
843:
839:
838:Ursula Dronke
834:
832:
828:
824:
814:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
765:
762:
752:
750:
746:
744:
742:
737:
736:
733:
731:
727:
725:
722:
721:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:
698:
693:
690:
685:
681:
676:
675:
668:
667:
662:
661:skaldic poems
657:
646:
644:
640:
635:
630:
626:
621:
616:
611:
607:
601:
595:
590:
581:
577:
575:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
523:
519:
517:
512:
509:
506:
502:
499:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
476:Ash and Embla
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:
454:
448:
447:ok litu góða.
444:
441:
440:lá gaf Lóðurr
437:
434:
433:óð gaf Hœnir,
430:
427:
423:
420:
419:né litu goða.
416:
413:
409:
406:
402:
399:
395:
392:
388:
385:
381:
378:
374:
371:
370:fundu á landi
367:
364:
363:æsir at húsi,
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
343:
338:
337:
336:
335:
332:
329:
328:
321:
316:
301:
299:
298:"washing day"
294:
288:
282:
276:
270:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
225:
219:
213:
207:
201:
195:
189:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
162:
157:
152:
149:
144:
139:
133:
128:
123:
117:
111:
106:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
76:
69:
68:
62:
58:
54:
49:
44:
40:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3342:Creator gods
2999:
2992:
2985:
2956:Hjaðningavíg
2734:Glæsisvellir
2274:Gullinbursti
1921:Útgarða-Loki
1364:
1315:Almáttki áss
1225:
1208:
1133:Lindow, John
1126:
1123:Jón Helgason
1116:
1109:
1083:GYLFAGINNING
1078:
1068:
1061:
1051:
1036:
1021:. New York:
1018:
1008:
1002:Bibliography
990:
980:
968:. Retrieved
966:(4): 229–239
963:
959:
946:
924:
908:Gylfaginning
891:
879:Jan de Vries
861:
855:
849:
841:
835:
826:
822:
820:
809:
804:probably is
801:
793:
789:
785:
784:inscription
771:
757:
747:
738:
728:
700:
694:
652:
639:fornyrðislag
612:
588:
586:
572:
514:
384:Ask ok Emblu
377:lítt megandi
312:
304:Attestations
271:
156:skaldic poem
153:
102:
52:
38:
37:
3114:Reginnaglar
3046:Orthography
3019:Jómsvíkinga
2994:Poetic Edda
2907:Urðarbrunnr
2902:Mímisbrunnr
2834:Singasteinn
2764:Hindarfjall
2744:Gnipahellir
2724:Ginnungagap
2699:Fyrisvellir
2694:Fornsigtuna
2628:Vimur River
2618:Slidr River
2391:Jörmungandr
1801:Hrímgrímnir
1430:Vili and Vé
970:13 February
863:Loka Táttur
666:Háleygjatal
603:. The word
391:örlöglausa.
349:ór því liði
317:, the name
315:Poetic Edda
67:Poetic Edda
16:Norse deity
3347:Norse gods
3331:Categories
3281:Viking Age
3256:Philosophy
3124:Sonargöltr
3009:Runestones
3001:Prose Edda
2946:Fimbulvetr
2897:Hvergelmir
2864:Valaskjálf
2824:Sessrúmnir
2794:Jötunheimr
2769:Hlidskjalf
2759:Himinbjörg
2729:Glaðsheimr
2714:Gastropnir
2669:Bilskirnir
2649:Amsvartnir
2562:Gjallarbrú
2545:Underworld
2501:Landvættir
2401:Loddfáfnir
2379:Svaðilfari
2364:Hófvarpnir
2309:Blóðughófi
2289:Hildisvíni
2165:Aurvandill
1926:Vafþrúðnir
1911:Þrúðgelmir
1771:Harðgreipr
960:Fornvännen
933:References
846:Loki/Loptr
823:Prose Edda
821:Since the
702:Prose Edda
412:lá né læti
278:, Swedish
167:dróttkvætt
3236:Mead hall
3170:Þorrablót
3024:Legendary
2919:Yggdrasil
2879:Víðbláinn
2874:Vanaheimr
2849:Þrymheimr
2844:Þrúðvangr
2839:Þrúðheimr
2809:Munarvágr
2799:Mímameiðr
2774:Hnitbjorg
2689:Fólkvangr
2674:Brávellir
2623:Vadgelmir
2608:Kerlaugar
2577:Niðafjöll
2537:Locations
2513:Valkyries
2461:Sæhrímnir
2349:Gulltoppr
2314:Falhófnir
2212:Einherjar
2195:Landdísir
2029:Mótsognir
2019:Hreiðmarr
1931:Víðblindi
1881:Sökkmímir
1871:Mögþrasir
1831:Hyrrokkin
1796:Hrímgerðr
1791:Hræsvelgr
1781:Helreginn
1776:Helblindi
1696:Bergelmir
1360:Ítreksjóð
1267:mythology
1099:litu goða
938:Citations
857:Reginsmál
851:Haustlöng
802:Wigiþonar
620:litu goða
600:litu góða
293:Lóður Dag
105:Old Norse
63:. In the
43:Old Norse
3299:See also
3221:Hamingja
3175:Vetrnætr
3160:Dísablót
3155:Álfablót
2961:Ragnarök
2869:Valhalla
2859:Útgarðar
2804:Myrkviðr
2789:Járnviðr
2784:Iðavöllr
2704:Gálgviðr
2684:Fensalir
2593:Élivágar
2567:Náströnd
2557:Éljúðnir
2426:Níðhöggr
2374:Sleipnir
2344:Gullfaxi
2244:Fimafeng
2160:Auðumbla
1979:Billingr
1906:Þrívaldi
1891:Suttungr
1846:Járnsaxa
1816:Hrungnir
1746:Gillingr
1741:Geirröðr
1721:Fárbauti
1711:Býleistr
1676:Angrboða
1628:Gullveig
1340:Heimdall
1330:Dellingr
1224:(1964).
1183:(1952).
1125:(1971).
1108:(1913).
1102:reading.
1081:. 2005.
1073:KENNINGS
1060:(1997).
1035:(1867).
840:is that
817:Theories
810:logaþore
792:, where
629:metrical
625:phonemes
287:lauantai
3251:Numbers
3231:Kenning
3104:Worship
3060:Society
2970:Sources
2889:Vingólf
2884:Vígríðr
2854:Uppsala
2819:Okolnir
2739:Glitnir
2709:Gandvik
2664:Bifröst
2654:Andlang
2572:Niflhel
2518:Völundr
2466:Skírnir
2406:Móðguðr
2202:Dragons
2185:Byggvir
2014:Gandalf
1999:Dvalinn
1969:Andvari
1806:Hrímnir
1761:Gunnlöð
1731:Fornjót
1726:Fjölvar
1706:Bölþorn
1681:Aurboða
1671:Alvaldi
1623:Gersemi
1440:Ásynjur
1345:Hermóðr
1335:Forseti
1285:Deities
1186:Völuspá
1090:Völuspá
1045:Völuspá
917:Þrymlur
874:Völuspá
868:Faroese
827:Völuspá
761:Völuspá
730:Brodeur
689:Völuspá
680:kenning
656:Völuspá
634:Völuspá
589:Völuspá
503:spirit
496:Breath
327:Völuspá
313:In the
309:Völuspá
248:Lodhurr
236:Lothurr
212:Lódhurr
200:Lóthurr
75:Völuspá
55:) is a
51:; also
3094:Horses
2933:Events
2914:Ýdalir
2893:Wells
2829:Sindri
2814:Nóatún
2679:Brimir
2644:Asgard
2603:Ífingr
2586:Rivers
2496:Vættir
2354:Gyllir
2264:Fylgja
2254:Fenrir
2207:Draugs
2143:Others
2066:Heroes
2049:Brokkr
2004:Fáfnir
1994:Dúrnir
1989:Durinn
1964:Alvíss
1956:Dwarfs
1941:Vörnir
1851:Laufey
1716:Eggþér
1701:Bestla
1658:Jötnar
1643:Njörðr
1638:Kvasir
1601:Freyja
1553:Snotra
1513:Njörun
1468:Gefjon
1425:Víðarr
1365:Lóðurr
1294:jötnar
1290:dwarfs
1173:
1165:
1139:
900:Lokrur
842:Lóðurr
574:Thorpe
516:Dronke
320:Lóðurr
281:lördag
275:lørdag
266:Lodhur
254:Loðurr
242:Lothur
224:Lodurr
218:Lódhur
206:Lóthur
188:Lódurr
172:Loðurr
148:lodern
143:German
132:liudan
129:words
127:Gothic
116:ljóðar
91:, and
53:Lodurr
39:Lóðurr
3357:Freyr
3286:Völva
3276:Skald
3271:Seiðr
3266:Runes
3261:Rings
3226:Heiti
3211:Galdr
3206:Félag
3196:Death
3189:Other
3099:Hörgr
3014:Sagas
2754:Heiðr
2719:Gimlé
2659:Barri
2598:Gjöll
2523:Vörðr
2486:Troll
2471:Sköll
2431:Norns
2339:Grani
2334:Glenr
2324:Glaðr
2294:Hjúki
2269:Garmr
2222:Elves
2217:Eldir
2190:Dísir
2170:Beyla
2104:Hi–Hy
2054:Eitri
2039:Regin
1984:Dáinn
1936:Vosud
1916:Þrymr
1896:Þjazi
1886:Surtr
1856:Leikn
1826:Hymir
1821:Hrymr
1811:Hroðr
1786:Hljod
1766:Gymir
1756:Gríðr
1736:Gangr
1686:Baugi
1633:Hnoss
1616:Yngvi
1606:Freyr
1593:Vanir
1573:Þrúðr
1548:Skaði
1543:Sjöfn
1538:Sigyn
1523:Rindr
1508:Nanna
1488:Iðunn
1473:Gerðr
1463:Fulla
1458:Frigg
1385:Mímir
1380:Meili
1355:Hœnir
1325:Bragi
1320:Baldr
991:RMN 2
956:(PDF)
927:Freyr
794:Wodan
782:runic
507:gave,
505:Hœnir
500:gave,
498:Óðinn
263:, or
260:Loður
230:Lodur
194:Lódur
182:Lóður
145:word
138:laudi
93:Freyr
71:poem
28:Hœnir
3352:Loki
3337:Æsir
3216:Goði
3201:Ergi
3180:Yule
3079:Blót
2987:Edda
2449:Nótt
2444:Elli
2439:Dagr
2386:Jörð
2329:Glær
2319:Gísl
2180:Búri
2175:Borr
2155:Auðr
2099:H–He
2024:Litr
1946:Ymir
1901:Þökk
1866:Logi
1861:Litr
1691:Beli
1666:Ægir
1528:Sága
1503:Lofn
1498:Irpa
1493:Ilmr
1483:Hlín
1415:Ullr
1405:Thor
1395:Odin
1375:Máni
1370:Loki
1350:Höðr
1307:Æsir
1265:and
1171:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1137:ISBN
972:2014
887:Loki
881:and
866:, a
806:Thor
800:and
798:Odin
713:and
711:Vili
707:Borr
684:Odin
682:for
670:and
597:and
339:17.
122:laða
89:Vili
81:Loki
24:Odin
3241:Nīþ
3084:Hof
2552:Hel
2284:Hel
2119:T–Y
2114:P–S
2109:I–O
2094:F–G
2089:D–E
2084:B–C
2034:Ótr
1836:Iði
1583:Vör
1578:Vár
1563:Syn
1558:Sól
1533:Sif
1518:Rán
1478:Gná
1453:Eir
1448:Bil
1410:Týr
1400:Óðr
796:is
699:'s
695:In
637:'s
269:.)
179:as
110:lóð
59:in
57:god
3333::
3134:Vé
1841:Ím
1292:,
1287:,
1093:.
1071:.
989:.
964:90
962:.
958:.
889:.
778:CE
717:.
715:Vé
692:.
606:lá
594:lá
300:.
257:,
251:,
245:,
239:,
233:,
227:,
221:,
215:,
209:,
203:,
197:,
191:,
185:,
87:,
85:Vé
83:,
45::
2079:A
1296:,
1255:e
1248:t
1241:v
1177:.
1143:.
1047:.
1029:.
993:.
974:.
478:,
41:(
34:.
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