536:
524:
263:
508:
516:
1145:, at the General Assembly in November 2009, the association CSD Zurich renamed itself the Zurich Pride Festival, giving itself a name like similar events around the world. In addition to the Parade and the final rallies, there are four days of street festivals and cultural events with artists, political events, lectures, readings and parties. As a political demonstration, often with a policy-related theme, the CSD shows mostly in the form of demonstration parades and a subsequent rally. Often, the rally is supported by artists with performances on stage. In addition, the political message of the CSD is celebrated there.
1219:
754:
961:
126:
1078:
450:
1133:
492:
24:
796:'s reputation across Europe as the most liberal and attractive city for LGBT people changed abruptly. Police in several Swiss cities began to create registers of homosexuals, to which they added people in raids on meeting places. In Zürich in 1931, some women founded the «Damen-Club Amicitia» (Amicitia Ladies Club). Soon, men were allowed to join too, and in 1932 the club started publishing a magazine called «Freundschafts-Banner» (
940:, under the theme of "youth protection", in programmes broadcast in January and February 1967. The Swiss Organization of Homophiles (SOH) was founded in this environment in 1970. The SOH was the first gay umbrella organization, and was regarded as rather conservative, and "adjusted". Above all, it could not reach left-wing gays and gay students. The period of history between the founding of the
1054:
685:
605:
as a people who had sex with cows, as a play on their rural origins. (Note: in modern Germa, "Sodomie" refers to bestiality, whereas in contrast, in the Middle Ages the term was used to refer to very different practises which were seen as "unnatural" at that time, mainly anal intercourse, so care must be taken in translation.) At the time of the
708:) (published in Glarus in 1836 and in St. Gallen in 1838) he presented, from the idea of liberalism, the demand that the recognition of homosexuality was a test of liberal democracy and civil rights. In the German-speaking world outside Switzerland during the mid-19th century, two liberal champions of gay rights made their ideas public.
601:
sentences, 179 were given after sodomy allegations, making it the third most common offence punished by the death sentence after theft and homicide. Even so, the number of people condemned to death for homosexual acts in the Swiss
Confederation was relatively low compared to that in Italian cities in the fifteenth century.
1015:). There were a variety of groups and offerings on the commercial scene. The social climate changed significantly in favour of LGBT people. Large employers made rules stating that employees can no longer be dismissed because of their homosexuality. However, the police still maintained their register of LGBT people.
1128:
CSDs have again been held annually in Zürich since the 25-year anniversary of the
Stonewall riots in 1994, now with a cultural program. In the 1990s, CSDs were increasingly perceived by the general public in a positive light, and accompanied by positive coverage in the Swiss media. Thus, the attitude
1040:
From 1979 to 1982, annual national CSD LGBT pride rallies were organised. They were marked by a massive police presence due to fears of possible riots caused by the youth unrest at the time, but there was no rioting. In 1979, the ‘’Nationale
Schwulendemo’’ (‘’National Gay Demo’’) was held in Bern. In
1036:
in
Germany and Switzerland (they are called Rainbow Parades in Austria). It started by collecting 5,500 signatures to call for the total abolition of the police register of homosexuals. This was accompanied by calls for the abolition of the register in the press, which together forced the destruction
604:
In the German-speaking cantons of the
Confederation, homosexuality was considered a "Gallic" sin. Men who were convicted of sodomy often admitted to have taken to French-or Italian-speaking countries to practise their homosexual behaviour. Conversely, abroad the Swiss were often reviled and, insulted
1100:
In 1985, ‘’Loge 70’’, all ‘’HA’’ groups, ‘’SOH’’, and the
Federal Health Office (BAG) founded ‘’Aids-Hilfe Schweiz’’ (AHS) (AIDS-Help Switzerland). In 1986, the AHS published an AIDS information brochure, which was distributed to all households in Switzerland. The AHS prevention campaign is the most
779:
From the beginning of the 20th century, increasing numbers of cantons no longer treated sodomy as an official offence, and pursued charges only on request. For a conviction, the offence had to be proved through witness statements, leading to a drastic decline in the number of convictions. The usage
1148:
Since 1997, in addition to the CSD in Zurich there have been occasional Gay Prides in western
Switzerland. It is held in a different part of French-speaking Switzerland every time, following the example of the LGBT demonstrations in the 1980s, which were held in a different part of German-speaking
1074:" (GRID). No-one knew at the time what caused AIDS, or how the infection spread. The advent of AIDS changed the movement of the mid-eighties completely. Many of the founders died, and LGBT people were stigmatised, leading to CSDs and gay rights demonstrations becoming sporadic rather than annual.
1049:
and consciously defined themselves as anti-bourgeois. Some wanted to fight against any State discrimination, not just against LGBT people. Unlike today, the demonstrations had an almost exclusively political character, and were followed in the evenings not by partying but by political discussion.
1140:
Since 1997, the CSD-Stonewall-Award has been awarded annually at the Zürich CSD for outstanding achievement for LGBT rights. Due to the growing numbers of visitors and participants in the CSD in Zurich, it has become an increasingly important festival and a major tourist attraction for the city.
855:
Karl Meier believed that it would take years for society to call for legal recognition of LGBT people, and that LGBT people could only achieve this by living in an adjusted and normal fashion. The Circle was the first magazine to feature edifying texts in German, French and
English, and artistic
1226:
On 26 September 2021, a clear majority of the Swiss electorate voted in favour of marriage for all. From 1 July 2022, same-sex couples can now marry or convert their registered partnership into a marriage. With this decision, no new registered partnerships can be entered into after 1 July 2022.
1107:
In 1988, the culture
Kaserne in Basel, there was an exhibition of Men's Stories about Gay Life in Basel, 1930–1980. The population began to perceive LGBT people outside of the subject of AIDS again. The show was such a success that a profit was generated, with which the Stonewall Foundation was
600:
of the
Confederation by 1532. Even before that, in the 13th century, criminal prosecution and execution of men accused of practising the "sodomite vice" and penalties for sodomy increased significantly in Europe. Between 1400 and 1798 in the Canton of Zürich alone, out of a total of 1,424 death
919:
club was wound up. This occurred after a series of murders of gay men brought the attention of the Zürich press, who published their address. Major events were no longer possible, and the climate was more liberal in some European countries, causing subscribers to fall away. The last issue of
1129:
of the public to the concerns of gays and lesbians has changed for the positive, ultimately resulting in a gradual increase in equality. This is far more important in Switzerland, with its semi-direct democracy, than in the Federal Republic of Germany with its parliamentary democracy.
1027:
The ‘Homosexuellen Arbeitsgruppen Schweiz’’ (HACH) (‘’Gay Working Groups of Switzerland’’), the ‘’Schweizer Organisation der Homophilen’’ (SOH) (Swiss Organization of Homophiles) and the ‘’Homosexuelle Frauengruppe’’ (HFG) (Gay Women's Group) organized the first
627:
The number of people who were sentenced to death for sodomy was very dependent on the will of the holder of the judiciary to uncover and prosecute such offenses. Thus, during the term of office of Hans Conrad Heidegger (1649–1721) as the provincial governor of
824:
was 21 in Switzerland at the time, in effect this meant that same-sex sexual acts between adults aged 21 and older were legalised. However, Article 191 legalised different-sex acts from the age of 16 and older, thus leading to a discriminatory, unequal
1044:
For the time, the demonstrators used radical, almost revolutionary slogans. In addition to specific demands such as lifting the gay registry and the elimination of discrimination in the criminal justice system, the demonstrators demanded an end to
1018:
In 1975, gays marched with a banner on the 1 May (May Day) rally in Basel, the first time LGBT people had drawn attention to their concerns to the wider public. Part of the political left was very irritated by the participation of homosexuals.
1188:
In 2005, a CSDs was held in Lucerne (a Swiss German-speaking venue, as a gift to the West Switzerland vote for the Partnership Act 2005), and there was also a national demonstration. Zurich is the only Swiss city that holds an annual CSD.
620:(inter-generational). In court, it was more important what age the participants were rather than who had penetrated, in contrast to cities in southern Europe. Children and young people could escape a punishment. In 1416 in Basel, the
1181:
The Gay Pride 2001 in Sion caused a sensation in particular, as the Valais Bishop Norbert Brunner condemned the relocation as a "teuflisches Spiel" ("devilish/satanic/diabolical/fiendish game"), triggering unimagined media coverage.
535:
262:
166:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1114:
Despite the suffering that HIV and AIDS brought to many people, it also brought a broad understanding of alternative ways of life in Switzerland. Authorities and the gay rights movement worked successfully hand in hand.
847:), and turned it into a culture magazine, now only targeted to gay men. His Der Kreis (The Circle) club organised parties several times a year. Both the bi-monthly magazine and the parties were known throughout Europe.
952:
Since the 1970s, a second gay and lesbian civil rights movement has formed, which has led to many forms of discrimination against LGBT people being abolished (for example, equalising the age of consent,
1104:
CSDs resumed in Zurich in 1986, and in Bern in 1987. The 1987 Bern demonstration was more a protest against the withdrawal of a permit by the city authorities for a gay camp, than a gay pride parade.
1197:
Claude Janiak was elected as the first openly gay Speaker of the National Council in 2005. He was then elected to the Council of States in 2007, becoming the first openly gay member of that body.
1185:
In 2003 in Basel, a "Dreiländer-CSD" (three-country CSD) was held (Germany - France - Switzerland) together with the Alsace Mulhouse and the Baden Freiburg. The idea, however, fizzled out.
863:
movements and groups founded in Europe, influenced and even inspired the formation and development of similar movements throughout Europe by the time of the Second World War. Examples are
676:, homosexuality was not prosecuted. With the end of the Helvetic Republic, homosexuality was made an official offence in most Cantons, and penalised with up to several years imprisonment.
820:, the first Swiss penal code came into force after 24 years of preparation. Article 194 only penalised acts with "underaged persons of the same sex older than sixteen years". Since the
1645:
566:
citizens. Prior to the 20th century, sodomy and other types of sexual intercourse between people of the same sex was held in various levels of legal contempt. Today, the modern
771:(«Beseitigung der Diskriminierung der Homosexuellen»). Karl Heinrich Ulrichs submitted an application for pardoning Forster to the St. Gallen authorities, but was turned away.
176:
1089:(Gay Medicine Men) group was founded in 1984 (renamed Medi Gay in 1997), and led the first information sessions on HIV and AIDS in the same year, together with
972:
by American LGBT people against police brutality filtered through to Europe. This particularly inspired and mobilised young, left-wing LGBT people. In 1970,
1152:
In 2018 for the first time a pride parade was held in Ticino. This year the parade in Lugano acted as both the national and the French-speaking parade.
767:(1853–1926) was prosecuted by the St. Gallen authorities for his open homosexuality. In 1893, he presented the Federal Assembly with a petition for the
1257:
364:
358:
186:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1301:
478:
550:, a country which has long held a stance of neutrality in its relations with other nations, has not been immune to the movement of equality for
41:
88:
1729:
523:
60:
643:, this series ended. In the surviving court records, there is a documented linguistic distinction between the sodomy offences, where
67:
1111:
In 1989, a Christopher Street Day was held in Zürich with a cultural program to mark the 20th anniversary of the Stonewall riots.
590:, were seen as two of many sins. The first ever unequivocal legal basis for the punishment of homosexuality in Switzerland is the
1475:
1028:‘’Christopher-Street-Liberation-Memorial Day’’ (CSD) in Switzerland at the Zürich Platzspitz to commemorate the Stonewall riots.
808:). It repeatedly called on its readers to act against slander in the press and work for the decriminalization of homosexuality.
624:
Heinrich von Rheinfelden was protected from prosecution by the Grand Council by his order, despite evidence of homosexual acts.
1719:
1405:
1347:
413:
74:
471:
323:
171:
832:
Due to the barbarism in Europe and the new freedom in Switzerland, Zurich rose in importance as a European gay capital.
56:
1612:
1425:
1315:
418:
194:
609:, Catholics were often referred to as homosexuals, while those in favour of the Reformation were insulted in turn as "
279:
1673:
1450:
389:
352:
107:
207:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
216:
1688:
1640:
1537:
1532:
1165:
592:
464:
428:
242:
383:
45:
704:, defending homosexuality and love between men. In his two-volume work, «Eros. Die Männerliebe der Griechen» (
639:
between 1694 and 1698, 22 young people were executed for sodomy. When Heidegger moved on to the Upper Vogt of
1724:
1497:
1071:
856:
photos of men. Members and subscribers referred to each other using pseudonyms rather than their real names.
438:
374:
1650:
496:
284:
270:
507:
81:
1567:
1527:
1507:
1487:
1390:
1340:
1236:
515:
433:
329:
138:
980:) at the universities of Zürich, Basel and Bern. Following the screenings, the LGBT groups in Zürich (
1678:
1502:
399:
1698:
1683:
1630:
1582:
1577:
1552:
1410:
1053:
570:
in Switzerland is related to the larger international movement which developed largely after 1969.
335:
202:
1668:
1607:
1557:
1517:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1415:
1400:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1203:, first elected to the National Council in 2003, was the first lesbian member of the Parliament.
34:
1218:
1693:
1635:
1602:
1592:
1572:
1562:
1547:
1542:
1522:
1492:
1460:
1445:
1420:
1356:
1029:
954:
688:
First mention of "homosexual" and "heterosexual" in a letter of the Austro-Hungarian writer by
597:
251:
1587:
1512:
1482:
1333:
996:) were established. Politically, the HA groups were close to the Marxist–Leninist PO-groups.
976:
showed his film «Nicht der Homosexuelle ist pervers, sondern die Situation, in der er lebt» (
757:
735:
709:
689:
314:
223:
669:
634:
567:
957:, elimination of different tax laws for homosexual and heterosexual members of the army).
8:
937:
747:
1070:
reached Switzerland. The first names given to it were "gay cancer", "gay disease", and "
1000:
973:
904:
753:
739:
454:
294:
1022:
697:
616:
As in other parts of Europe, most homosexual acts performed in the Confederation were
1046:
673:
665:
198:
1041:
1980, Basel held ‘’Gay 80’’, followed by CSDs in Lausanne (1981) and Zurich (1982).
960:
817:
583:
696:
The history of LGBT emancipation began in 1836, with the publication of a book by
528:
1077:
969:
821:
800:), whose name was changed in 1933 to the «Schweizerisches Freundschafts-Banner» (
621:
543:, Barbara Brunner was burned, as she was discovered to be male under her clothes.
300:
835:
With the decriminalization of homosexuality, the combative tone of the magazine
826:
304:
1713:
1161:
764:
647:
was used for homosexual acts and intercourse with animals was referred to as
629:
587:
1275:
978:
It's not the Homosexual who is perverse, but the situation in which he lives
1212:
1033:
860:
1007:. In 1974, the HA groups founded their first national governing body, the
839:
began to soften. In 1942, the new editor Karl Meier renamed the magazine «
1325:
1200:
892:
724:
in 1861. His focus being on a connection between female homosexuality in
606:
563:
547:
1168:, becoming the first openly gay male member of the federal Parliament.
1132:
924:
appeared at the end of 1967, whereupon young men from sources close to
872:
713:
491:
205:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1206:
1142:
840:
788:
In the 1930s, dance clubs were created in Basel and Zürich. When the
717:
617:
290:
23:
1023:
24 June 1978: The first Christopher Street Day (CSD) in Switzerland
559:
540:
531:, on 23 December 1583, a peasant and his son were burnt for sodomy.
640:
578:
With the Christianization of Switzerland from the 3rd century AD,
900:
876:
743:
551:
163:
884:
811:
793:
746:" to the concept of same-sex love in 1864, followed in 1868 by
729:
725:
701:
579:
500:
859:
Nevertheless, the Der Kreis club, being one of the first LGBT
789:
684:
1067:
936:
in 1970. The topic of homosexuality was first mentioned by
750:
from Austria-Hungary, who first called it "homosexuality."
1108:
founded, which funds the CSD-Stonewall-Award (see below).
175:
to this template: there are already 1,488 articles in the
944:
in 1932 and the SOH is known as the first LGBT movement.
555:
1302:"Swiss canton of Ticino holds its first Gay Pride event"
947:
511:
Europride flag, Buerkliplatz, Zurich, Switzerland, 2009
519:
Hans Fründ - Witch persecution in the canton of Valais
159:
1316:"Die "Ehe für alle" tritt am 1. Juli 2022 in Kraft"
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1207:Registered partnership and marriage in Switzerland
763:In the 1880s and 1890s, Jakob Rudolf Forster from
769:Elimination of Discrimination Against Homosexuals
1711:
1057:Human Immunodeficency Virus - stylized rendering
910:
1222:Vote results for partnership law in Switzerland
1101:successful prevention campaign in Switzerland.
964:Nathalie Barney Center logo by Christiane Parth
679:
596:, variations of which were introduced in many
201:accompanying your translation by providing an
150:Click for important translation instructions.
137:expand this article with text translated from
1341:
1211:Since 1 January 2007 Switzerland has allowed
968:In the early 1970s, the first news about the
472:
850:
812:1940s: Exemption from punishment and retreat
1355:
1348:
1334:
783:
479:
465:
1097:, and the University Hospital of Zurich.
668:(1798–1803), marked by the values of the
213:{{Translated|fr|Histoire LGBT en Suisse}}
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1255:
1217:
1131:
1076:
1061:
1052:
1013:Homosexual Working Groups of Switzerland
959:
752:
683:
534:
522:
514:
506:
490:
1712:
1268:
1329:
573:
1176:
1009:Homosexuellen Arbeitsgruppen Schweiz
948:1970s: Second, radical LGBT movement
928:immediately founded the new Journal
119:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
13:
1730:LGBTQ history in Europe by country
1264:. Verlag von Krais & Hoffmann.
1123:
1003:joined together to form the group
804:) and in 1937 to «Menschenrecht» (
14:
1741:
1192:
907:in the United States of America.
780:of the term sodomy also changed.
706:Eros. The male love of the Greeks
1276:"Where is it illegal to be gay?"
889:Cultuur- en Ontspannings Centrum
448:
261:
124:
22:
1256:Bachofen, Johann Jakob (1861).
1166:National Council of Switzerland
1155:
774:
654:
593:Constitutio Criminalis Carolina
33:needs additional citations for
1308:
1294:
1249:
1136:06-05-04 Zürich Pride Festival
1081:AIDS cases worldwide 1979–1995
999:In 1973 in Zürich, men in the
211:You may also add the template
1:
1720:Social history of Switzerland
1242:
1072:gay-related immune deficiency
911:1960s: The end of the Ice Age
57:"LGBT history in Switzerland"
1085:To meet this challenge, the
497:Richard Puller von Hohenburg
7:
1230:
1066:In 1982, the first news of
984:), Basel (initially called
659:
495:Burning of the Swiss noble
183:will aid in categorization.
10:
1746:
1237:LGBT rights in Switzerland
792:rose to power in Germany,
158:Machine translation, like
1659:
1621:
1363:
1164:was first elected to the
851:1950s: Adapted and hidden
139:the corresponding article
1171:
1149:Switzerland every year.
1118:
700:, a cloth merchant from
1357:LGBT history in Europe
1213:registered partnerships
802:Swiss Friendship Banner
784:1930s: The scene arises
434:Territorial development
222:For more guidance, see
1406:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1223:
1215:for same-sex couples.
1137:
1087:Schwulen Medizinmänner
1082:
1058:
1030:Christopher Street Day
965:
955:Registered Partnership
760:
693:
544:
532:
520:
512:
504:
455:Switzerland portal
1221:
1135:
1080:
1062:1982: The AIDS crisis
1056:
1032:is the name for LGBT
963:
758:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
756:
736:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
710:Johann Jakob Bachofen
690:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
687:
538:
526:
518:
510:
499:, accused of being a
494:
315:Old Swiss Confederacy
224:Knowledge:Translation
195:copyright attribution
1725:LGBTQ in Switzerland
942:Freundschafts-Banner
932:, which was renamed
816:In 1942, during the
568:LGBT rights movement
42:improve this article
1622:States with limited
748:Karl Maria Kertbeny
503:, in Zürich, 1482.
345:Transitional period
1282:. 10 February 2014
1224:
1138:
1083:
1059:
1001:leather subculture
974:Rosa von Praunheim
966:
905:Mattachine Society
761:
740:Kingdom of Hanover
728:and the island of
694:
680:"Liberal champion"
613:" ("cowfuckers").
586:), and especially
574:Pre-modern history
545:
533:
521:
513:
505:
203:interlanguage link
1707:
1706:
1047:heteronormativity
871:) camaraderie in
798:Friendship Banner
674:French Revolution
489:
488:
287:(200 BC – AD 400)
235:
234:
151:
147:
118:
117:
110:
92:
1737:
1660:Dependencies and
1364:Sovereign states
1350:
1343:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1253:
938:Swiss Television
818:Second World War
638:
584:anal intercourse
481:
474:
467:
453:
452:
451:
429:Military history
265:
255:
237:
236:
214:
208:
182:
181:|topic=
179:, and specifying
164:Google Translate
149:
145:
128:
127:
120:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1661:
1655:
1641:Northern Cyprus
1623:
1617:
1538:North Macedonia
1359:
1354:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1260:Das Mutterrecht
1254:
1250:
1245:
1233:
1209:
1195:
1179:
1177:Pride festivals
1174:
1158:
1126:
1124:Pride festivals
1121:
1064:
1025:
970:Stonewall riots
950:
913:
897:Kredsen af 1948
881:Journal Arcadie
853:
822:age of majority
814:
786:
777:
742:gave the name "
722:Das Mutterrecht
698:Heinrich Hössli
682:
662:
657:
632:
576:
485:
449:
447:
253:
246:
231:
230:
229:
212:
206:
180:
152:
129:
125:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1662:other entities
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1613:United Kingdom
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:Czech Republic
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1307:
1304:. 3 June 2018.
1293:
1267:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1208:
1205:
1194:
1191:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1157:
1154:
1143:Europride 2009
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1063:
1060:
1037:of the files.
1024:
1021:
949:
946:
912:
909:
852:
849:
827:age of consent
813:
810:
785:
782:
776:
773:
681:
678:
661:
658:
656:
653:
575:
572:
487:
486:
484:
483:
476:
469:
461:
458:
457:
444:
443:
442:
441:
439:Historiography
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
408:
407:
403:
402:
396:
395:
394:
393:
387:
378:
377:
375:Modern history
371:
370:
369:
368:
362:
356:
353:Napoleonic era
347:
346:
342:
341:
340:
339:
333:
327:
318:
317:
311:
310:
309:
308:
298:
288:
282:
274:
273:
267:
266:
258:
257:
248:
247:
240:
233:
232:
228:
227:
220:
209:
187:
184:
172:adding a topic
167:
156:
153:
134:
133:
132:
130:
123:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1742:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Faroe Islands
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:South Ossetia
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Liechtenstein
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:Claude Janiak
1153:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1134:
1130:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:Pride parades
1031:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
962:
958:
956:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
915:In 1960, the
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
848:
846:
843:/Le Cercle» (
842:
838:
833:
830:
828:
823:
819:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
781:
772:
770:
766:
765:Brunnadern SG
759:
755:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
691:
686:
677:
675:
671:
670:Enlightenment
667:
652:
650:
646:
642:
636:
631:
630:Kyburg County
625:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
602:
599:
595:
594:
589:
588:homosexuality
585:
581:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
537:
530:
525:
517:
509:
502:
498:
493:
482:
477:
475:
470:
468:
463:
462:
460:
459:
456:
446:
445:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
410:
409:
405:
404:
401:
398:
397:
391:
388:
385:
384:Federal state
382:
381:
380:
379:
376:
373:
372:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:
344:
343:
337:
336:Ancien Régime
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:
316:
313:
312:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
289:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
276:
275:
272:
271:Early history
269:
268:
264:
260:
259:
256:
250:
249:
244:
239:
238:
225:
221:
218:
210:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
178:
177:main category
174:
173:
168:
165:
161:
157:
155:
154:
148:
142:
140:
135:You can help
131:
122:
121:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
1651:Transnistria
1597:
1310:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1279:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1251:
1225:
1210:
1199:
1196:
1193:Other events
1187:
1184:
1180:
1159:
1156:Other events
1151:
1147:
1139:
1127:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1065:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
993:
992:) and Bern (
989:
985:
981:
977:
967:
951:
941:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
914:
896:
888:
880:
868:
864:
861:civil rights
858:
854:
844:
837:Human Rights
836:
834:
831:
815:
806:Human Rights
805:
801:
797:
787:
778:
775:20th century
768:
762:
734:
721:
712:wrote about
705:
695:
663:
655:19th century
648:
644:
626:
615:
610:
603:
591:
577:
546:
424:LGBT history
423:
365:Regeneration
199:edit summary
190:
170:
146:(April 2022)
144:
136:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1689:Isle of Man
1624:recognition
1598:Switzerland
1533:Netherlands
1286:11 February
1201:Doris Stump
893:Netherlands
649:bestialitas
633: [
607:Reformation
564:transgender
548:Switzerland
539:In 1586 in
414:Immigration
392:(1914–1945)
367:(1830–1847)
361:(1814–1830)
359:Restoration
355:(1798–1814)
338:(1648–1798)
332:(1516–1648)
330:Reformation
326:(1291–1516)
254:Switzerland
252:History of
1714:Categories
1568:San Marino
1528:Montenegro
1508:Luxembourg
1488:Kazakhstan
1391:Azerbaijan
1243:References
903:, and the
873:Reutlingen
845:The Circle
714:lesbianism
618:pederastic
419:Swiss Jews
390:World Wars
307:(900–1300)
280:Prehistory
68:newspapers
1679:Gibraltar
1503:Lithuania
1160:In 1999,
926:Der Kreis
922:Der Kreis
917:Der Kreis
869:The Round
865:Die Runde
841:Der Kreis
718:pederasty
622:Dominican
611:Kuhgeiger
297:(400–900)
291:Alemannia
285:Roman era
217:talk page
169:Consider
141:in French
98:June 2022
1699:Svalbard
1684:Guernsey
1631:Abkhazia
1583:Slovenia
1578:Slovakia
1553:Portugal
1411:Bulgaria
1280:BBC News
1231:See also
1011:(HACH) (
672:and the
666:Helvetic
660:Helvetic
560:bisexual
541:Lenzburg
501:sodomite
400:Timeline
305:Burgundy
295:Burgundy
243:a series
241:Part of
193:provide
1608:Ukraine
1558:Romania
1518:Moldova
1476:Ireland
1471:Iceland
1466:Hungary
1456:Germany
1451:Georgia
1441:Finland
1436:Estonia
1431:Denmark
1416:Croatia
1401:Belgium
1396:Belarus
1386:Austria
1381:Armenia
1376:Andorra
1371:Albania
988:, then
930:Club 68
901:Denmark
891:in the
877:Germany
744:Uranism
738:in the
692:in 1868
664:In the
645:sodomia
598:cantons
552:lesbian
406:Topical
215:to the
197:in the
143:.
82:scholar
1694:Jersey
1636:Kosovo
1603:Turkey
1593:Sweden
1573:Serbia
1563:Russia
1548:Poland
1543:Norway
1523:Monaco
1493:Latvia
1461:Greece
1446:France
1421:Cyprus
1141:After
1005:Loge70
934:hey ab
887:, the
885:France
879:, the
794:Berlin
730:Lesbos
726:Sappho
702:Glarus
580:sodomy
529:Bielsk
386:(1848)
324:Growth
301:Swabia
245:on the
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
1669:Åland
1588:Spain
1513:Malta
1483:Italy
1172:2000s
1119:1990s
790:Nazis
641:Höngg
637:]
160:DeepL
89:JSTOR
75:books
1288:2014
1068:AIDS
990:HABS
716:and
562:and
191:must
189:You
61:news
1095:SOH
1091:HAZ
994:HAB
986:HAB
982:HAZ
899:in
883:in
720:in
556:gay
527:In
162:or
44:by
1716::
1278:.
1093:,
895:,
875:,
829:.
732:.
651:.
635:de
558:,
554:,
303:·
293:·
1349:e
1342:t
1335:v
1318:.
1290:.
867:(
582:(
480:e
473:t
466:v
226:.
219:.
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
