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his military ranks, but he can now leave the army, return to Wanda, and become a village schoolmaster, albeit a rather illiterate one. General Boum is made happy by the restoration of his command; Baron Puck is reinstated to the royal favor from which he had meanwhile fallen; Baron Grog is sent home safe to his wife and four children; and Prince Paul is happily restored as the
Duchess's bridegroom.
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However, she finds him a great blockhead in the matter, for he shows that he prefers his Wanda to such distinctions, and he incurs the
Duchess's great displeasure by asking permission to marry Wanda at once. This proves the death-blow to the Duchess' devotion, and she conspires to assassinate Fritz upon his return from the wedding ceremony.
686:
Instead of assassinating Fritz, the
Duchess devises the lesser punishment of noisy serenades during his wedding night, and then hurries him off on a false alarm to fight the enemy. The enemy proves to be a jealous husband who mistakes him for another man and gives him a caning. Fritz is stripped of
656:
This visit proves fateful, for she falls desperately in love with the manly, handsome soldier Fritz, whose main passions in life are his love for the pretty Wanda and his hatred of
General Boum. The Duchess immediately makes Fritz a corporal, and as she grows more and more delighted with him, he is
652:
The 20-year-old Grand
Duchess, who has been brought up by her tutor and court chamberlain Baron Puck to have her own way, is charming, though a veritable tyrant. She has been betrothed to the foppish Prince Paul but does not find him to her liking and, owing to her being in an unhappy state of mind
682:
When everything is ready for the bloody deed, however, the
Duchess changes her mind, which is now busied with a new affair with the Baron Grog. Her love life seems to be forever ill-starred, however, for this latest romance is blighted by the news that her beloved has a wife and four children. The
665:
Fritz wins the battle easily by making the whole opposing army drunk, his artillery consisting of 300,000 well-filled bottles. When he returns, crowned with victory, the delighted
Duchess finds herself more enamored of him than ever, and hints at the possibility of his receiving other honors.
109:, among other Offenbach roles, paying her the extraordinarily rich monthly sum of 4,500 francs. Schneider, in addition to her vocal gifts, was well able to portray the commanding and saucy character of the Grand Duchess, which parodied
683:
Duchess becomes philosophic and decides to marry her original betrothed, Prince Paul, after all. To quote her own words, "What can one do? If you can't have those you could love, you must try to love those you can have."
653:
over the affair, the Baron generates a war to amuse her. She decides to review her troops. There is a roll of drums, and the cry is started that the enemy is advancing, but it turns out to be her
Highness.
116:
The April 1867 premiere was an immediate hit, and a parade of
European royalty, drawn to Paris by the Exposition, attended performances of the operetta. Among those attending were French emperor
356:
critical edition, which restored
Offenbach's orchestration and opened the many cuts which had occurred in the score over the years, in particular to the long Act II finale, was given by
234:
in 1868, at Wood's Museum and Metropolitan beginning on 14 November 1870, and at the Union Square Theatre from 3 July 1872. In 1869 the work was revived in Paris, with
674:
207:
The piece was first heard in New York City, in French, in September 1867 at the Théâtre Français, where it ran for six months. In November 1867 the opera appeared at
3027:
657:
promoted rapidly to sergeant, lieutenant and captain. Finally, to spite the General, she makes him commander-in-chief and sends him to conquer the enemy.
387:. Minkowski restored several numbers cut after the first production. A CD and a DVD of the production were made, and it was televised in France in 2004.
101:) of 1867. Offenbach assisted Meilhac and Halévy in shaping the libretto. They were eager to ensure a hit, and so they engaged the immensely popular
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in Paris on 12 April 1867 and starred Hortense Schneider as the Duchess, who was highly successful in the title role. The work was given at the
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1949:
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227:. The following year, making her London debut, Schneider triumphed in the role, in the first of several visits to the British capital.
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1454:, Vol. 5, No. 12, Summer 1980, pp. 35–39. The article was originally published by the Offenbach 1980 Centenary Committee, London.
91:(1866). With the original production of the latter still running, Offenbach and his librettists hurried to prepare a new opera,
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Offenbach's career was at its height in the 1860s with the premieres of some of his most popular and enduring works, such as
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with Eugenia Zareska, though heavily cut, was well received when reissued on compact disc in 1982. A 2006 release from
71:
in the title role. Thereafter, it was heard in New York, London and elsewhere, and it is still performed and recorded.
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2010:
1972:
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The synopsis is based on the one appearing in Hubbard, William Lines (ed.). "La Grande Duchesse de Gérolstein".
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148:; and other crowned heads, generals, and ministers. Of the military satire in the piece, Bismarck remarked, "
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Officers, Soldiers, Musiciens, Drummers, Peasants, Cantinières, Maids of Honour, Courtiers, Pages, Bailiffs
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1697:
Programme Book for La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein, Opera national du Rhin, 2003-2004 season, title page.
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and concerns a spoiled and tyrannical young Grand Duchess who learns that she cannot always get her way.
368:
2103:
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The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in Gilbert and Sullivan Operas: A Record of Productions, 1875–1961
282:. The production ran for 104 performances, and was reviewed as vivacious, but sanitised and "prudish".
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Wanda, Fritz, General Boum, Baron Puck, Prince Paul, Baron Grog, Népomuc, Grand Duchess and chorus
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1982:
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in 1876. Several productions were staged in New York in the early 1890s, the first one at the
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in 1971, which were repeated in 1972, 1974, 1979 and 2013. The singers for Santa Fe included
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Wanda, Fritz, Baron Puck, Prince Paul, General Boum, Baron Grog, Grand Duchess and chorus
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There were revivals in Paris at the Variétés in the 1880s and 1890s, with stars including
8:
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2006:
1990:
1968:
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Grand Duchess, Baron Puck, Prince Paul, Népomuc, General Boum, Baron Grog and chorus
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at the Strasbourg Théâtre Municipal in December 2003, conducted by Jérôme Pillemont.
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Chorus (maids of honor), Iza, Olga, Amélie, Charlotte (maids of honor) and Népomuc
392:
201:
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357:
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1864:. New York: I. Squire, ca 1909, pp. 313–315. (This work is in the public domain.)
1650:
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Wanda, Fritz, Baron Puck, Prince Paul, Népomuc, General Boum, Baron Grog, chorus
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Wanda, Fritz, Baron Puck, Prince Paul, Népomuc, General Boum, Baron Grog, chorus
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Grande Duchess, Fritz, Wanda, Prince Paul, General Boum, Baron Puck and chorus
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Information about the opera, particularly the Savoy Theatre production of 1897
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Grand Duchess, Fritz, Wanda, Prince Paul, General Boum, Baron Puck and chorus
489:
204:, and at the Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater, Berlin on 10 January 1868.
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1978:
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Men's chorus, Baron Grog, Prince Paul, General Boum, Népomuc and Baron Puck
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Wanda, Fritz, Baron Puck, Prince Paul, General Boum, Baron Grog, chorus
301:
in London in 1937. In the U.S., there were several presentations by the
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1706:
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broke out, and the operetta was later banned in France, because of its
61:
1283:
2705:
1881:
678:
Kop, costume design for La Grand Duchesse de Gérolstein act 1 (1867).
239:
2095:
1775:
1758:
1542:. The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations
510:
49:
41:
2462:
1879:, 3 May 1977, p. 10, Higgins, John, "Merry Wives and Duchesses",
428:
1043:
Men's chorus, Prince Paul, General Boum, Népomuc and Baron Puck
2172:
1838:"Comedic Opera Guild takes on military satire with 'Gerolstein'
238:
in the lead. The opera was seen in Australia in 1873, starring
219:
in the title role; subsequent tours of that production starred
1540:"(still image) Lillian Russell in "The grand duchess", (1894)"
1222:
contains much music cut after the first night and restored in
1198:
Among the recordings of the work, critics have praised a 1977
2266:
2134:
1759:"Can Stage Directors Make Opera and Popular Culture 'Equal'?"
484:
427:(starring Stephanie Blythe) and the Comic Opera Guild, near
1747:
on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk, accessed 20 June 2011
1230:
describes as "a substantial (and glorious) Act 2 finale".
1628:. "London Opera Diary – The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein",
230:
The opera was produced in English in New York City at the
1791:"Theatre Basel production page, accessed 23 June 2011"
648:
Press illustration of Act 1 in the original production
325:
in the title role. A 1978 production was given at the
1345:. The Guide to Musical Theatre, accessed 19 June 2011
2036:
1210:
as the Grand Duchess. An older mono recording under
297:
Productions during the 20th century included one at
1538:Digital Collections, The New York Public Library.
250:. Another English adaptation was presented at the
60:. The story is a satirical critique of unthinking
2087:Video from the 2004 Philadelphia Opera production
329:in London, produced by Park Lane Opera, starring
67:The opera premiered in Paris in 1867 and starred
2974:
1977:
1653:, Rob Wilton Theatricalia, accessed 19 June 2011
1226:'s critical edition, including what the critic
2897:Le barbier de Séville ou La précaution inutile
1856:The Imperial History and Encyclopedia of Music
1688:, 3 May 1982, pp. 79–80, accessed 19 June 2011
2234:Tromb-al-ca-zar, ou Les criminels dramatiques
2111:
1930:"Offenbach: La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein"
1592:, Vol. 39, No. 659 (January 1898), pp. 26–27
1304:"Offenbach: La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein"
3028:Libretti by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy
1590:The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular
1194:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein discography
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925:Grand Duchess, Fritz and chorus (courtiers)
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391:also mounted a production in 2004, starring
1928:, April 2006, p. 73, and Clements, Andrew.
1429:Review of Soldene in an 1870 production of
1249:
1247:
744:Fritz and chorus (soldiers, peasant girls)
407:, in a new version adapted and directed by
2939:
2925:
2118:
2104:
1885:, 23 April 1977, p. 11, and Lamb, Andrew.
1513:"Manuscripts, Oral History & Pictures"
1359:. BroadwayWorld.com, accessed 19 June 2011
292:
2907:La folle journée, ou Le mariage de Figaro
2082:Programme from the 1897 London production
1774:
1616:, Santafeopera.org. Retrieved 4 June 2012
1290:, Vol. 5, No. 3 (July 1919), pp. 329–337
1278:
1276:
949:Oui, général/Dites-lui qu'on l'a remarqué
757:General Boum and men's chorus (soldiers)
423:in the title role in 2009. In 2011, both
399:produced the piece in 2005, conducted by
1735:
1284:"Jacques Offenbach: A Centennial Sketch"
1244:
673:
643:
632:Place: The fictional duchy of Gérolstein
438:
363:A production was designed and staged by
170:
18:
2072:Vocal score of the 1897 English version
2068:as originally submitted for censorship.
1756:
1515:. Library of NSW, accessed 19 June 2011
1336:
1334:
95:, to play during the Paris Exposition (
2975:
2037:Rollins, Cyril; R. John Witts (1962).
1873:Greenfield, Edward. "Classy Duchess",
1732:, 15 April 2004, accessed 22 June 2011
1468:. IBDB database, accessed 19 June 2011
1273:
977:Prince Paul, General Boum, Baron Puck
242:, who also took the title role at the
166:
44:), in three acts and four tableaux by
16:1867 opéra bouffe by Jacques Offenbach
2433:Croquefer, ou Le dernier des paladins
2125:
2099:
1261:. Allmusic.com, accessed 21 June 2011
258:in 1897–98 with a new translation by
188:The opera was first performed at the
1571:this review of the opening night of
1450:. "Offenbach's conquest of London",
1331:
794:Grand Duchess and chorus (soldiers)
105:, who had created the title role in
23:Jacques Offenbach by Nadar, c. 1860s
2473:M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le …
2026:, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992)
1987:Gänzl's Book of the Musical Theatre
1956:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
1441:
13:
2390:Vent du soir, ou L'horrible festin
2005:, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
1821:, Cutler Majestic Theatre, Boston"
690:
14:
3039:
3018:Operas set in fictional countries
2054:
1259:, operetta in 3 acts: Description
1218:conducted by Marc Minkowski with
733:Chorus (soldiers, peasant girls)
196:, Vienna, in a German version by
2955:
2954:
2938:
2924:
2863:(conversation alsacienne) (1863)
2533:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
2297:La chatte métamorphosée en femme
2159:
2017:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
1952:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
1819:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
1744:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
1708:La grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
1664:La grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
1465:The Grand Duchess of Gérolstein
1257:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
805:Fritz, Grand Duchess and chorus
567:Emmanuel Ronger, 'Gardel-Hervé'
122:Edward VII of the United Kingdom
93:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
29:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
1967:. London: Omnibus Press, 1986.
1914:
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1573:The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
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1506:
1499:"The Centenary Of Napoleon I",
1493:
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1471:
1457:
1431:The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
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1356:The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
1342:The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
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1032:Grand Duchess and General Boum
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935:En très bon ordre nous partîmes
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461:(Conductor: Jacques Offenbach)
431:, Michigan presented the work.
371:in Paris. It was conducted by
341:. A French production starring
309:in the title role in 1972, and
211:, in an English translation by
183:
34:The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein
3013:Operas set in the 18th century
1362:
1348:
1322:
1313:
1296:
1264:
816:Prince Paul and Grand-Duchess
729:En attendant que l'heure sonne
152:" (That's exactly how it is!)
1:
3023:Fictional dukes and duchesses
2853:(chinoiserie musicale) (1855)
2023:New Grove Dictionary of Opera
2001:Holden, Amanda (ed.) (2000).
1580:, 6 December 1897, p. 6; and
1233:
1187:
1051:Song of the knife-sharpeners
459:Premiere Cast, 12 April 1867,
352:The first performance of the
74:
1644:"Other UK Opera Productions"
894:Enfin la guerre est terminée
7:
2983:Operas by Jacques Offenbach
2686:La permission de dix heures
2370:Le financier et le savetier
2003:The New Penguin Opera Guide
1989:. London: The Bodley Head.
626:
607:Charlotte, a maid of honor
349:mounted the piece in 1982.
345:was televised in 1980, and
163:, after the French defeat.
10:
3044:
2573:La princesse de Trébizonde
2041:. London: Michael Joseph.
1948:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
1528:, 30 December 1876, p. 863
1438:, 19 February 1870, p. 133
1393:"Easter at the Theatres",
1380:, 24 November, p. 11, and
1372:, 19 November 1867, p. 6,
1191:
1097:Couplets of the newlyweds
1028:O, grandes leçons du passé
994:
860:
839:Voici le sabre de mon père
695:
256:D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
2918:
2875:
2843:(légende bretonne) (1855)
2830:
2787:
2766:La fille du tambour-major
2624:
2421:
2410:Apothicaire et perruquier
2358:
2277:Une demoiselle en loterie
2245:
2214:
2207:
2171:
2133:
1159:Grand Duchess and chorus
906:Couplets of the letters:
843:Grand Duchess and chorus
617:
561:Népomuc, an aide-de-camp
200:on 13 May 1867, starring
146:Prime Minister of Prussia
3008:Fiction set in the 1720s
2666:Monsieur et Madame Denis
2287:Le mariage aux lanternes
1682:"Tcheckered Tchaikovsky"
1560:Rollins and Witts, p. 16
1489:1872 New York production
1478:1870 New York production
953:Grand Duchess and Fritz
898:Chorus (maids of honor)
669:
660:
639:
583:Amélie, a maid of honor
434:
321:conducted in 2013, with
1963:Gammond, Peter (1986).
1911:, November 1982, p. 117
1757:Toutant, Ligia (2008).
1730:Philadelphia City Paper
1714:Internet Movie Database
1670:Internet Movie Database
1594:(subscription required)
1419:, accessed 20 June 2011
1374:London Evening Standard
1292:(subscription required)
837:Couplets of the saber:
415:had a production under
317:in both 1971 and 1972.
293:20th century and beyond
2988:French-language operas
2809:Le voyage dans la lune
2656:La chanson de Fortunio
2257:La rose de Saint-Flour
2061:Libretto in WikiSource
1604:Ganzl and Lamb, p. 300
1503:, 17 August 1869, p. 8
1376:, 19 November, p. 3,
1328:Gänzl and Lamb, p. 301
679:
649:
596:Olga, a maid of honor
447:
244:Gaiety Theatre, London
180:
155:Three years later the
126:Alexander II of Russia
98:Exposition universelle
48:to an original French
24:
2215:Bouffonnerie musicale
2155:The Tales of Hoffmann
1397:, 14 April 1868, p. 5
1288:The Musical Quarterly
1167:The General's Lament
908:Je t'ai sur mon coeur
677:
647:
572:Iza, a maid of honor
527:Pierre-Eugène Grenier
446:as La Grande Duchesse
442:
174:
150:C'est tout-à-fait ça!
22:
2930:List of compositions
2887:Le malade imaginaire
2860:Lischen et Fritzchen
2453:Geneviève de Brabant
2400:Mesdames de la Halle
2347:Pierrette et Jacquot
1797:on 27 September 2011
1407:Photo of Soldene in
1395:Liverpool Daily Post
1224:Jean-Christophe Keck
825:Ils vont tous partir
421:Anne Sofie von Otter
190:Théâtre des Variétés
2726:La jolie parfumeuse
2483:Le pont des soupirs
1634:, June 1978, p. 624
1384:, 24 November, p. 3
1253:Corleonis, Adrian.
1202:issue conducted by
766:Me voici, me voici!
405:Frederica von Stade
369:Théâtre du Châtelet
347:New York City Opera
337:, and conducted by
307:Huguette Tourangeau
213:Charles Lamb Kenney
194:Theater an der Wien
167:Performance history
157:Franco-Prussian War
130:Grand Duke Vladimir
111:Catherine the Great
2553:L'île de Tulipatan
2307:Un mari à la porte
1895:, July 1977, p. 95
1842:The Michigan Daily
1726:"Stephanie Blythe"
1649:2011-07-20 at the
1524:"Gaiety Theatre",
1415:2011-07-25 at the
1302:Clements, Andrew.
1282:Grovlez, Gabriel.
1270:Gammond, pp. 88–93
1156:Toasting couplets
680:
650:
475:Hortense Schneider
448:
444:Hortense Schneider
389:Opera Philadelphia
331:Patricia Routledge
327:Collegiate Theatre
260:Charles Brookfield
181:
120:; the future King
103:Hortense Schneider
69:Hortense Schneider
25:
2970:
2969:
2944:List of operettas
2871:
2870:
2593:Madame l'archiduc
2543:Le château à Toto
2523:La vie parisienne
2493:Bavard et bavarde
2443:Orphée aux enfers
2380:La bonne d'enfant
2327:Il signor Fagotto
2224:Les deux aveugles
2208:Other stage works
2127:Jacques Offenbach
1936:, 14 October 2005
1724:Shengold, David.
1686:New York Magazine
1626:Forbes, Elizabeth
1526:The Musical World
1436:The Musical World
1409:The Grand Duchess
1310:, 14 October 2005
1185:
1184:
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147:
143:
139:
136:, Emperor of
135:
131:
127:
123:
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114:
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100:
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94:
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84:
83:
72:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
54:Henri Meilhac
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
30:
21:
2960:Compositions
2953:
2937:
2923:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2858:
2848:
2840:Le violoneux
2838:
2817:
2807:
2797:
2789:Opéra féerie
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2583:Les brigands
2581:
2571:
2563:La Périchole
2561:
2551:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2526:(1866, 1873)
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2423:Opéra bouffe
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2232:
2222:
2190:
2181:
2153:
2143:
2038:
2020:
2016:
2002:
1986:
1964:
1958:(in Italian)
1951:
1934:The Guardian
1933:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1890:
1880:
1876:The Guardian
1874:
1869:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1841:
1832:
1827:, 5 May 2010
1824:
1818:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:the original
1785:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1743:
1737:
1729:
1720:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1685:
1676:
1663:
1658:
1639:
1629:
1621:
1609:
1600:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1533:
1525:
1520:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1484:
1473:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1448:Lamb, Andrew
1443:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1382:The Observer
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1324:
1315:
1308:The Guardian
1307:
1298:
1287:
1266:
1256:
1197:
1121:
1108:
1084:
1059:9 (reprise)
1027:
948:
934:
920:
907:
893:
838:
824:
779:Portez armes
778:
765:
752:
728:
685:
681:
664:
655:
651:
618:
520:Prince Paul
425:Opera Boston
417:Hervé Niquet
375:and starred
362:
351:
339:Vilém Tauský
323:Susan Graham
311:Donald Gramm
296:
284:
280:Henry Lytton
229:
206:
187:
184:19th century
177:Jules Chéret
154:
149:
134:Franz-Joseph
128:and his son
118:Napoleon III
115:
106:
96:
92:
86:
80:
78:
66:
38:opéra bouffe
33:
28:
27:
26:
2998:1867 operas
2831:Other types
2819:Whittington
2676:Les bergers
2513:Barbe-bleue
2337:Pomme d'api
2183:Le papillon
1983:Andrew Lamb
1979:Gänzl, Kurt
1862:, Volume 1)
1763:M/C Journal
1614:2013 season
1228:Andrew Lamb
555:Louis Baron
548:Baron Grog
533:Baron Puck
490:José Dupuis
456:Voice type
385:Yann Beuron
266:, starring
264:Adrian Ross
215:, starring
198:Julius Hopp
85:(1864) and
40:(a form of
2977:Categories
2850:Ba-ta-clan
2195:(arranged
1926:Gramophone
1909:Gramophone
1892:Gramophone
1234:References
1188:Recordings
1137:Orchestra
1085:Bonne nuit
1065:Orchestra
1062:Melodrama
1019:Orchestra
988:Orchestra
985:Melodrama
966:Orchestra
885:Orchestra
720:Orchestra
635:Time: 1720
223:and later
75:Background
62:militarism
2746:La créole
2736:Bagatelle
2706:Vert-Vert
2047:504581419
1995:966051934
1965:Offenbach
1882:The Times
1710:(TV 2004)
1666:(TV 1980)
1578:The Times
1501:The Times
1370:The Times
1368:Reviews,
1134:Entracte
1122:A cheval!
1016:Entracte
962:Melodrama
882:Entracte
717:Overture
613:Marcourt
602:Morosini
240:Alice May
2890:(1851/2)
2716:Fantasio
2636:L'alcôve
2247:Opérette
2066:Libretto
1985:(1988).
1647:Archived
1576:Review,
1546:June 28,
1413:Archived
627:Synopsis
599:soprano
575:soprano
511:baritone
499:soprano
50:libretto
42:operetta
36:) is an
2463:Barkouf
2173:Ballets
2158:(1881)
2089:, with
1943:Sources
1906:Review.
1801:23 June
1712:at the
1668:at the
1378:The Era
1178:Finale
1076:Chorus
1002:Number
933:Rondo:
868:Number
851:Finale
783:Chorus
703:Number
429:Detroit
124:; Tsar
3003:Operas
2910:(1852)
2900:(1852)
2822:(1874)
2812:(1875)
2802:(1872)
2779:(1880)
2769:(1879)
2759:(1878)
2749:(1875)
2739:(1874)
2729:(1873)
2719:(1872)
2709:(1869)
2699:(1867)
2689:(1867)
2679:(1865)
2669:(1862)
2659:(1861)
2649:(1853)
2646:Pépito
2639:(1847)
2616:(1878)
2606:(1877)
2596:(1874)
2586:(1869)
2576:(1869)
2566:(1868)
2556:(1868)
2546:(1868)
2536:(1867)
2516:(1866)
2506:(1864)
2496:(1862)
2486:(1861)
2476:(1861)
2466:(1860)
2456:(1859)
2446:(1858)
2436:(1857)
2413:(1861)
2403:(1858)
2393:(1861)
2383:(1856)
2373:(1856)
2350:(1876)
2340:(1873)
2330:(1863)
2320:(1860)
2310:(1859)
2300:(1858)
2290:(1857)
2280:(1857)
2270:(1856)
2260:(1856)
2237:(1856)
2227:(1855)
2148:(1864)
2135:Operas
2045:
2030:
2009:
1993:
1971:
1922:Review
1887:Review
1860:Operas
1153:20 b)
1142:20 a)
1118:18 c)
1105:18 b)
1094:18 a)
1048:15 b)
1037:15 a)
939:Fritz
791:Rondo
591:Véron
564:tenor
523:tenor
496:Wanda
481:Fritz
179:poster
144:, the
2267:Le 66
2019:" in
1769:(2).
1631:Opera
1239:Notes
1206:with
1005:Name
995:Act 3
930:9 b)
917:9 a)
903:8 b)
890:8 a)
871:Name
861:Act 2
848:6 c)
834:6 b)
821:6 a)
788:3 b)
775:3 a)
749:1 c)
738:1 b)
725:1 a)
706:Name
696:Act 1
670:Act 3
661:Act 2
640:Act 1
551:bass
485:tenor
453:Role
435:Roles
419:with
175:1868
2043:OCLC
2028:ISBN
2021:The
2007:ISBN
1991:OCLC
1969:ISBN
1803:2011
1569:See
1548:2020
537:bass
383:and
354:Keck
333:and
313:and
278:and
56:and
1771:doi
1200:CBS
1175:22
1164:21
1131:19
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1070:16
1024:14
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411:.
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1932:,
1924:,
1889:,
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1275:^
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