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himself. He reminds the
Cardinal of the fire in his house near Rome many years before and tells the Cardinal that his infant daughter did not die. He says that she was saved by a Jew and that only he knows who he is. If he dies, his secret will die with him. Cardinal Brogni begs him to tell him where his daughter is, but in vain. Eléazar sings of the vengeance that he will have in dying, but he suddenly remembers that he will be responsible for the death of Rachel. The only way to save her is to admit that the Cardinal is her father and that she is not Jewish but Christian. The act ends with the opera's most famous aria, Eléazar's 'Rachel, quand du Seigneur'. He does not want to sacrifice Rachel to his hatred of Christians, and renounces his revenge. However, when he hears the cries from a pogrom in the streets, he decides that God wants him to bear witness in death with his daughter to the God of Israel.
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Cardinal Brogni asks Eléazar if his own daughter is still alive. Eléazar says that she is and when
Cardinal Brogni asks where she can be found, Eléazar points to the cauldron, saying "There she is!" He then climbs to his own death while the Cardinal falls on his knees. The opera ends with a chorus of monks, soldiers and the people singing "It is done and we are avenged on the Jews!"
853:, the Christian is excommunicated and the Jew is killed. Léopold is thus taking a great risk in this affair, especially as he is already married to the Princess Eudoxie. The crowd returns to attack Eléazar, but 'Samuel' secretly instructs his troops to calm things down. The act closes with a grand triumphal procession.
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as Eléazar were particularly noted. Nourrit had significant influence on the opera: Eléazar, originally conceived as a bass part, was rewritten for him, and it appears that it was largely his idea to end act 4 not with a traditional ensemble, but with the aria "Rachel, quand du seigneur" for which he
170:
of 1414), which would allow a flamboyant staging in a setting which brought out a dramatic situation which was also underlined by a powerful historical subject. In addition to this, there could be choral interludes, ballet and scenic effects which took advantage of the entire range of possibilities
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Rachel, who has followed 'Samuel' to the Palace, offers her services as a lady's maid to
Princess Eudoxie. Eléazar arrives at the palace to deliver the jewel. He and Rachel recognise Léopold as 'Samuel'. Rachel declares before the assembly that Léopold seduced her and she, Eléazar and Léopold are
870:
celebration in Eléazar's house. He is present while Eléazar and the other Jews sing their
Passover prayers. Rachel becomes anxious when she notices that 'Samuel' refuses to eat the piece of unleavened bread that she has given him. He reveals to her that he is a Christian, without telling her his
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Eléazar and Rachel are brought to the gallows where they will be thrown into a cauldron of boiling water. Rachel is terrified. Eléazar explains that she can be saved if she converts to
Christianity. She refuses and climbs to the gallows before him. As the people are singing various prayers,
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Princess
Eudoxie asks to see Rachel in prison, and persuades her to withdraw her allegations. Rachel agrees; Cardinal Brogni agrees to commute Léopold's sentence, and to spare Rachel and Eléazar if they convert. Eléazar at first answers that he would rather die, but then makes plans to avenge
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During his journey, Eléazar found a baby near death, abandoned inside a burnt-out house which turned out to be the home of the Count. Bandits had set fire to the house, attempting to kill the entire family of Brogni but unaware that the Count himself was in Rome at the time.
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may also have suggested the text. The production was notable for its lavishness, including the on-stage organ in Act I, the enormous supporting cast, and the unprecedentedly elaborate decor. Two teams of scenic artists took responsibility over the stage decorations,
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After
Eudoxie leaves, Léopold promises to take Rachel away with him. She tries to resist, worrying about abandoning her father, but as she is about to succumb to his advances, they are confronted by Eléazar, who curses Léopold before the latter runs off.
1099:, is nicknamed by the narrator "Rachel quand du Seigneur". As Halévy's Rachel is both Jewish and Christian, so Proust's Rachel is both sexual commodity and, in the eyes of her lover Robert de Saint-Loup, an idolised lady of great price.
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Eléazar took the child, a girl, and raised her as his own daughter, naming her Rachel. Brogni discovered the ruins of his house and the bodies of his family upon his return. He subsequently became a priest and later a cardinal.
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semi-regularly until 1936, when it was dropped from the repertory, not to be heard at the Met again for 67 years. The opera fell out of favor in Europe around the same time and has rarely been performed since. American tenor
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was designed to provoke audiences to reassess the status of Jews in French society. Others believe that the clichéd portrayal of the Jew Eléazar as secretive, vengeful and materialistic does not bear out this interpretation.
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Eléazar is a goldsmith. The crowd condemns him for working during a day dedicated to Church festivities. He is saved from a lynching by the arrival of Brogni, who in the process recognises Eléazar as his old adversary.
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Prince LĂ©opold arrives in disguise as a young Jewish artist Samuel. Rachel is in love with Samuel and knows nothing of his true identity. Local laws reflect prejudice against the Jews: if a Jew and a
Christian have
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When he was young, the Jew Eléazar had lived in Italy near Rome and witnessed the condemnation and executions of his sons as heretics by Count Brogni. Eléazar himself was banished and forced to flee to
Switzerland.
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were both Jewish, and storylines dealing with topics of tolerance were common in their operas. Reviews of the initial performances show that journalists of the period responded to the
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and lobbied for a Met revival with himself as Eléazar. He first sang the role in concert performances in London in 1964. In 1973, he appeared in the opera twice with the
377:. Eléazar was the last role Caruso added to his repertoire, as well as the last he ever sang in performance, on 24 December 1920. After Caruso's death in August, 1921,
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The following is a summary of events which took place before the first act of the opera, some of which are only revealed in the course of the action.
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At the beginning of the opera, in 1414 Rachel (now a young woman) is living with her adopted father in the city of
Constance. The forces of the
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The synopsis below reflects the original version of the opera. Modern performing versions often somewhat adapt this storyline for convenience.
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Princess Eudoxie enters to order from Eléazar a valuable jewel as a present for her husband, at which point Samuel (Prince Léopold) hides.
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succeeded him in the role at the Met and both he and Caruso recorded the opera's best known aria, "Rachel! Quand du seigneur".
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Helene Samuels performing in The Jewess, published in The Sentinel (Chicago IL), 15 January 1926 page 16 (Colorized)
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The opera's best known aria, "Rachel! Quand du seigneur", has been recorded by numerous renowned tenors, including
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true identity. Rachel is horrified and reminds him of the terrible consequences of such a relationship.
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820:, who was a historical personage. His part in the story of the opera is, however, entirely fictional.
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Act 1 of the original 1835 production, design by Charles Séchan, Léon Feuchère, Jules Dieterle, and
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Opera, Liberalism, and Antisemitism in Nineteenth-Century France: The Politics of Halévy's La Juive
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Opera, Liberalism, and Antisemitism in Nineteenth-Century France: The Politics of Halévy's La Juive
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and gave two heavily cut concert performances of the opera, again in London. Tucker also persuaded
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on 13 February 1844. The work was also used for the inaugural performance at the newly constructed
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died along with him. The opera was finally revived at the Metropolitan in 2003 with tenor
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Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner
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The opera's first, ornate production, costing 150,000 francs, was conducted by
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Because of the story of an impossible love between a Christian man and a
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was one of the most popular and admired operas of the 19th century. Its
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arrested and placed in prison, on the instructions of Cardinal Brogni.
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After the 1919 revival with Caruso, the Metropolitan Opera programmed
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French libretto (Oeuvres complètes de Scribe, vol. 2, Paris, 1841)
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Having last been performed at the Metropolitan Opera in 1890 with
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1041:(Eléazar), Krassimira Stoyanova (Rachel), Simina Ivan (Eudoxie),
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which deals with the same theme. At the time of composition, the
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designing Acts I, II, IV and V, and René-Humanité Philastre and
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of Scribe's text rather than to any specifically Jewish theme.
1239:""La Juive" an der Oper Frankfurt – Ein Frankfurter Totentanz"
294:'s popular grand operas. It made its American premiere at the
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had liberalised religious practices in France. Meyerbeer and
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Fromental Halévy: La juive – Dossier de la presse Parisienne
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was revived in 1919 as a vehicle for the Met's star tenor,
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as Eléazar. Other modern revivals have been staged at the
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in Paris on 5 January 1875 (the title role was sung by
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enjoyed an international success comparable to that of
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as Rachel, the title role, portrait by A.Colin (1835)
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921:Design for Act 5 of the original 1835 production
553:his supposed daughter, the "Jewess" of the title
956:1974 (Highlights) – Richard Tucker (Eléazar),
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481:in 2016. A new production was mounted at the
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1045:(Léopold), Walter Fink (Cardinal Brogni) –
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1363:International Music Score Library Project
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1053:– Deutsche Grammophon DVD: 00440 073 4001
840:A square in the city of Constance in 1414
522:Premiere Cast, 23 February 1835
248:in the title role and the dramatic tenor
1666:Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera
1047:Chor und Orchester der Wiener Staatsoper
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995:(Eudoxie), Dalmacio Gonzalez (LĂ©opold),
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1270:"Distribution des RĂ´les" in File #26447
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194:which premiered in 1836, a year after
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509:, Italian version of the opera, 1865.
269:providing the materials for Act III.
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866:Rachel has invited 'Samuel' for the
600:Gian Francesco, Cardinal de Brogni,
437:(2005), the Paris Opera (2007), the
405:to record a complete performance of
334:in New York on 16 January 1885 with
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999:(Brogni) – Ambrosian Opera Chorus,
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964:(Eudoxie), Juan Sabate (LĂ©opold),
244:. The performances of the soprano
227:Some believe that the libretto of
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1089:Rachel, the Jewish prostitute in
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493:and conducted by Henrik Nánási.
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1621:Operas set in the 15th century
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1190:. Cambridge University Press.
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980:LP: ARL1-0447 CD: 886446206530
778:Events before the opera begins
469:presented a new production by
351:Die Meistersinger von NĂĽrnberg
171:available at the Paris Opera.
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1676:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
1383:French libretto (Paris, 1935)
1336:New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1144:(program, Semperoper Dresden)
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399:New Orleans Opera Association
1108:may be based on this opera.
505:Rachele, costume design for
198:, as well as the 1819 novel
7:
953:– Opera d'Oro CD: OPD-1333.
862:Inside the house of Éléazar
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698:Jean-Étienne-Auguste Massol
184:, which premiered in 1779,
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1636:Operas by Fromental Halévy
1184:Hallman, Diana R. (2007).
970:New Philharmonia Orchestra
85:23 February 1835
1661:Operas set in Switzerland
1641:Libretti by Eugène Scribe
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691:Second man of the people
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602:President of the Council
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1462:Le dilettante d'Avignon
1282:Bowie, Malcolm (1998).
1174:Conway (2011), 216–218.
1030:, Cond. Simone Young –
739:François-Alphonse Hens
667:Officer of the emperor
453:(Israel) Opera and the
443:Staatstheater Stuttgart
143:, on 23 February 1835.
96:Opéra National de Paris
1646:French-language operas
1626:Works set in the 1410s
1284:Proust Among the Stars
1096:In Search of Lost Time
1001:Philharmonia Orchestra
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526:François Habeneck
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267:Charles-Antoine Cambon
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1318:Leich-Galland, Karl,
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630:Henri-Bernard Dabadie
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220:and to the perceived
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1597:(1885, completed by
1570:Jaguarita l'Indienne
1322:, SaarbrĂĽcken, 1987.
1286:. Chapter 1 – Self.
1211:Leipsic, Jeffrey A.
1165:Leich-Galland, 1987.
1102:The Bollywood movie
997:Ferruccio Furlanetto
810:Council of Constance
586:niece of the emperor
467:Bavarian State Opera
461:(both 2010) and the
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447:De Nederlandse Opera
278:Bavarian State Opera
168:Council of Constance
1578:Valentine d'Aubigny
1308:, Cambridge, 2011.
1062:Giovanni Martinelli
887:Magnificent gardens
814:Antipope John XXIII
483:Staatsoper Hannover
379:Giovanni Martinelli
358:'s cobbling during
320:Auguste Alfred Rubé
236:Performance history
147:Composition history
1522:La reine de Chypre
974:Antonio de Almeida
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804:have defeated the
799:Holy Roman Emperor
673:Alexandre Prévost
584:Princess Eudoxie,
535:a Jewish goldsmith
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439:Zurich Opera House
427:Vienna State Opera
393:was a champion of
332:Metropolitan Opera
312:Édouard Desplechin
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1314:978-1-107-01538-8
1129:Macdonald, p. 926
909:A Gothic interior
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479:Aleksandra Kurzak
360:Die Meistersinger
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257:, Léon Feuchère,
242:François Habeneck
186:Giacomo Meyerbeer
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1217:operanews.com
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1091:Marcel Proust
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1078:LĂ©on EscalaĂŻs
1075:
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1058:Enrico Caruso
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375:Enrico Caruso
372:
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367:Lilli Lehmann
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134:
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67:Eugène Scribe
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1651:Grand operas
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1538:Le lazzarone
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1476:
1470:La tentation
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1380:
1375:Google Books
1368:
1357:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1290:. p. 8.
1283:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1251:14 September
1249:. Retrieved
1242:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1149:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1043:Jianyi Zhang
1039:Neil Shicoff
1032:RCA Red Seal
1026:(Brogni) –
1010:(Eléazar),
1008:Neil Shicoff
989:Júlia Várady
978:RCA Red Seal
934:
930:
929:
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792:
788:
784:
781:
762:
637:
620:city provost
619:
601:
585:
552:
534:
524:(Conductor:
506:
465:(2014). The
441:(2007), the
423:Neil Shicoff
418:
414:
406:
403:RCA Red Seal
394:
385:
383:
370:
364:
359:
349:
345:
340:
338:as Rachel.
327:
287:
286:
239:
228:
226:
206:Walter Scott
199:
195:
189:
179:
176:Jewish woman
173:
151:
150:
120:
106:
105:
104:
56:
1631:1835 operas
1247:(in German)
1022:(LĂ©opold),
1018:(Eudoxie),
987:(Eléazar),
719:Holy Office
519:Voice type
369:as Rachel,
125:grand opera
53:Translation
28:Grand opera
1615:Categories
1530:Charles VI
1213:"La Juive"
1112:References
1014:(Rachel),
991:(Rachel),
962:Anna Moffo
960:(Rachel),
940:Recordings
773:Time: 1414
733:Majordomo
638:a sergeant
618:Ruggiero,
356:Hans Sachs
314:, Chéret,
218:liberalism
121:The Jewess
89:1835-02-23
63:Librettist
57:The Jewess
1514:Le shérif
1438:L'artisan
1272:at IMSLP.
802:Sigismund
769:Constance
746:Sigismund
736:baritone
670:baritone
657:baritone
654:A herald
533:Eléazar,
485:in 2019.
431:La Fenice
429:(1999),
292:Meyerbeer
1562:Le nabab
1498:L'Ă©clair
1490:La Juive
1381:La Juive
1369:La Juive
1358:La Juive
1330:La juive
1266:La Juive
1142:La juive
1049:, cond.
972:, cond.
868:Passover
806:Hussites
759:Synopsis
744:Emperor
636:Albert,
625:baritone
590:soprano
551:Rachel,
451:Tel Aviv
445:(2008),
419:La Juive
415:La Juive
407:La Juive
395:La Juive
386:La Juive
371:La Juive
346:La Juive
328:La Juive
288:La Juive
229:La Juive
196:La Juive
156:libretto
152:La Juive
133:libretto
107:La Juive
81:Premiere
73:Language
22:La Juive
1478:Ludovic
1387:Gallica
1299:Sources
1222:27 June
1037:2003 –
1006:2003 –
983:1989 –
945:1973 –
767:Place:
750:Silent
558:soprano
507:L'ebrea
204:by Sir
201:Ivanhoe
123:) is a
87: (
1656:Operas
1589:(1858)
1581:(1856)
1573:(1855)
1565:(1853)
1557:(1852)
1549:(1847)
1541:(1844)
1533:(1843)
1525:(1841)
1517:(1839)
1509:(1838)
1501:(1835)
1493:(1835)
1485:opera)
1483:HĂ©rold
1473:(1832)
1465:(1829)
1457:(1828)
1449:(1827)
1441:(1827)
1430:Operas
1343:
1312:
1194:
1105:Yahudi
707:tenor
694:tenor
435:Venice
318:, and
76:French
1599:Bizet
1454:Clari
1117:Notes
926:Act 5
896:Act 4
882:Act 3
857:Act 2
835:Act 1
723:bass
681:bass
573:tenor
540:tenor
516:Role
497:Roles
473:with
1341:ISBN
1334:The
1310:ISBN
1253:2024
1224:2018
1192:ISBN
1076:and
643:bass
607:bass
477:and
326:).
322:and
310:and
261:and
1594:Noé
1385:at
1373:at
1332:",
1328:, "
1093:'s
457:at
433:in
188:'s
135:by
119:) (
30:by
1617::
1241:.
1215:.
1134:^
1072:,
1068:,
1064:,
1060:,
976:–
528:)
362:.
1601:)
1415:e
1408:t
1401:v
1255:.
1226:.
1200:.
1080:.
110:(
91:)
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