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1037:– "Pure as an angel, God gave me a daughter") because of Violetta's reputation. Meanwhile, he reluctantly becomes impressed by Violetta's nobility, something which he did not expect from a courtesan. She responds that she cannot end the relationship because she loves Alfredo so much, but Giorgio pleads with her for the sake of his family. With growing remorse, she finally agrees (Violetta, Giorgio:
1332:: Verdi did not fully orchestrate the parts of the on-stage band, but rather composed it in the style of a piano reduction, leaving the actual realization to the person in charge of the band. Over the years many versions were created, varying from theater to theater depending on the instruments available, but none of them is authoritative. A widespread version is: 1 piccolo, 4 clarinets, 2 horns,
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383:. (Verdi had previously attempted to persuade the manager of La Fenice to re-cast the role with a younger woman, but with no success.) Nevertheless, the first act was met with applause and cheering at the end; but in the second act, the audience began to turn against the performance, especially after the singing of the
904:
1062:– "Who erased the sea, the land of Provence from your heart?"). Alfredo suspects that the Baron is behind his separation from Violetta, and the party invitation, which he finds on the desk, strengthens his suspicions. He decides to confront Violetta at the party. Giorgio tries to stop Alfredo, but he rushes out.
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From the next room, the sound of the orchestra is heard and the guests move there to dance. After a series of severe coughs and almost fainting, Violetta begins to feel dizzy and asks her guests to go ahead and to leave her to rest until she recovers. While the guests dance in the next room, Violetta
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was engaged to write the new libretto and the two men tried to come up with a suitable subject, but the composer complained that his librettist "had not yet offered him an 'original' or 'provocative' idea". Writing to Piave, he added that "I don't want any of those everyday subjects that one can find
1108:
As everyone is leaving the room, Violetta has asked
Alfredo to see her. Fearing that the Baron's anger will lead him to challenge Alfredo to a duel, she gently asks Alfredo to leave. Alfredo misunderstands her apprehension and demands that she admit that she loves the Baron. In grief, she makes that
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Alfredo is shocked to learn this and leaves for Paris immediately to settle matters himself. Violetta returns home and receives an invitation from her friend, Flora, to a party in Paris that evening. Alfredo's father, Giorgio
Germont, is announced and demands that she break off her relationship with
361:
had been done—Piave was sent back to Sant'Agata to no avail: he could not persuade the composer to back down on his insistence that another soprano be secured, yet the 15 January deadline for securing one had come and gone. Verdi was filled with premonitions of disaster upon his arrival in Venice on
1374:
is an intimate piece, full of tender lyricism. The character of
Violetta dominates the work and her music changes as she develops through the drama, from the hectic, almost hysterical coloratura of the first act, to the more dramatic passages of the second, and the spiritual quality of her music as
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Dr. Grenvil tells Annina that
Violetta will not live long since her tuberculosis has worsened. Alone in her room, Violetta reads a letter from Alfredo's father telling her that the Baron was only wounded in his duel with Alfredo. He has informed Alfredo of the sacrifice she has made for him and his
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in London, where it was considered morally questionable, and "the heads of the Church did their best to put an injunction upon performance; the Queen refrained from visiting the theatre during the performances, though the music, words and all, were not unheard at the palace". It was first performed
457:
While there were demands for productions from impresarios in various
Italian cities, Verdi was loath to allow them unless he could be sure of the strength of the singers, and in spite of their pleas, the composer refused. As Budden notes, it came to be Venice "that made an honest woman of Violetta"
346:
When back at Sant'Agata in late
January 1853 Verdi was reminded that his contract called for him to be in Venice within a week or two and for the premiere to be held on the "first Saturday in March 1853". However, it soon became clear that a modern-dress staging of the new opera was impossible—the
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This delicate atmosphere is altered on curtain rise by lively dance tunes in the orchestra. After the famous "Brindisi", an offstage band plays a series of waltzes (waltz rhythms pervade the first act of the opera, creating a
Parisian atmosphere). The concluding part of Violetta's solo scene that
1104:
Violetta arrives with Baron
Douphol. They see Alfredo at the gambling table. When he sees them, Alfredo loudly proclaims that he will take Violetta home with him. Feeling annoyed, the Baron goes to the gambling table and joins him in a game. As they bet, Alfredo wins some large sums until Flora
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The audience jeered at times during the premiere, directing some of their scorn at the casting of soprano Fanny
Salvini-Donatelli in the lead role of Violetta. Though she was an acclaimed singer, they considered her to be too old (at 38) and overweight to credibly play a young woman dying of
950:– "One day, happy and ethereal"). At first, she rejects him because his love means nothing to her, but there is something about Alfredo that touches her heart. He is about to leave when she gives him a flower, telling him to return it when it has wilted, which will be the very next day.
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Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and
1250:– "Great God!...to die so young"). Alfredo's father enters with the doctor, regretting what he has done. After singing a duet with Alfredo, Violetta suddenly revives, exclaiming that the pain and discomfort have left her. A moment later, she dies in Alfredo's arms.
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from a provincial family who has long adored
Violetta from afar. While walking to the salon, Gastone tells Violetta that Alfredo loves her, and that while she was ill, he came to her house every day. Alfredo joins them, admitting the truth of Gastone's remarks.
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Violetta gives a note to Annina to send to Flora accepting the party invitation and, as she is writing a farewell letter to Alfredo, he enters. She can barely control her sadness and tears; she tells him repeatedly of her unconditional love (Violetta:
1027:– "The youthful ardor of my ebullient spirits"). Annina, the maid, arrives from Paris, and, when questioned by Alfredo, tells him that she went there to sell the horses, carriages and everything owned by Violetta to support their country lifestyle.
1020:
Three months later, Alfredo and Violetta are living together in a peaceful country house outside Paris. Violetta has fallen in love with Alfredo and she has completely abandoned her former life. Alfredo sings of their happy life together (Alfredo:
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notes that Verdi had probably read the Dumas novel some time before, and, after seeing the play and returning to Italy, "he was already setting up an ideal operatic cast for it in his mind", shown by his dealings with La Fenice.
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At the party, the Marquis tells Flora that Violetta and Alfredo have separated, much to the amazement of everyone who had previously seen the happy couple. She calls for the entertainers to perform for the guests (Chorus:
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to the opera begins with very soft, very high strings depicting the frail heroine, followed by the main love theme of the opera, which is then played on lower strings while the higher instruments decorate the melody.
1115:– "You know this woman?"). He humiliates and denounces Violetta in front of the guests and then throws his winnings at her feet in payment for her services. She faints onto the floor. The guests reprimand Alfredo:
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343:. A subject for our own age." Although still bogged down at Sant'Agata, Piave was sanguine: "Everything will turn out fine, and we'll have a new masterpiece from this true wizard of modern harmonies".
906:
1043:– "Tell the young girl, so beautiful and pure,") and says goodbye to Giorgio. In a gesture of gratitude for her kindness and sacrifice, Giorgio kisses her forehead before leaving her weeping alone.
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Baron Douphol, Violetta's current lover, waits nearby to escort her to the salon. Once there, the Baron is asked to give a toast, but refuses, and the crowd turns to Alfredo, who agrees to sing a
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by the hundreds." But at the same time, the composer expressed concern about censorship in Venice, something with which he was very familiar after his dealings with the censors concerning
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1056:
Soon, the servant brings the letter to Alfredo and, as soon as he has read it, Giorgio returns and attempts to comfort his son, reminding him of his family in Provence (Giorgio:
466:'s portrayal of Violetta. "Then it was a fiasco; now it has created a furore. Draw your own conclusions!" reported Piave (who had overseen the production in Verdi's absence).
462:. Some revisions took place between 1853 and May 1854, mostly affecting acts 2 and 3, but the opera was performed again on 6 May 1854 and was a great success, largely due to
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1969:
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In search of his son, Giorgio enters the hall and, knowing the real significance of the scene, denounces his son's behavior (Giorgio, Alfredo, Violetta, chorus:
1165:
1053:– "Love me, Alfredo, love me as I love you"). Before rushing out and setting off for Paris, she hands the farewell letter to her servant to give to Alfredo.
942:
looks at her pale face in her mirror. Alfredo enters and expresses his concern for her fragile health, later declaring his love for her (Alfredo, Violetta:
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The lengthy and crucial duet between the elder Germont and Violetta in act 2 is multi-sectioned with the music following the changing dramatic situation.
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Annina rushes into the room to tell Violetta of Alfredo's arrival. The lovers are reunited and Alfredo suggests that they leave Paris (Alfredo, Violetta:
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his son for the sake of his family, since he reveals that Violetta's relationship with Alfredo has threatened his daughter's engagement (Giorgio:
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became one of the most frequently performed operas during Verdi's lifetime. It is often ranked highly on annual lists of most performed operas.
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sister; and he is sending his son to see her as quickly as possible to ask for her forgiveness. But Violetta senses it is too late (Violetta:
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2018:
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243:, which premiered in Venice in March 1851. In addition, personal affairs in his home town limited his activities that spring, but after
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for taking the role of Violetta. Verdi was distraught, for he held on to the notion that the opera could be staged in modern dress—as
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1500:", Op. 45, for clarinet and orchestra (published Ricordi, 1865); in it, Lovreglio used the overture and several arias from the opera.
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323:) and work with the composer. One subject was chosen, Piave set to work, and then Verdi threw in another idea, which may have been
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by Guiseppi Verdi : for clarinet and piano"], edited by Colin Bradbury for clarinet and piano (London: Chester Music, 1980)
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ends the first act is full of vocal decoration and feverish ornamentation as she swears to stay free ("Sempre libera"). These
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noted in his diary: "People say the plot's immoral, but I don't see that it's so much worse than many others, not to speak of
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2300:. Translated by Richard Salinger (revised by Louise Wallace Hackney ed.). Garden City, New York: Garden City Publishing.
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1958:
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Strong on Music: The New York Music Scene in the Days of George Templeton Strong. Volume II. Reverberations, 1850–1856
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1095:– "We are matadors from Madrid"). Gastone and his friends join the matadors and sing (Gastone, chorus, dancers:
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For Verdi, the years 1851 to 1853 were filled with operatic activity. First, he had agreed with the librettist
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1001:– "Ah, perhaps he is the one"). But she concludes that she needs freedom to live her life (Violetta, Alfredo:
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The opera (in the revised version) was first performed in Madrid on 1 February 1855 with Spezia-Aldighieri at
351:"—and reports from the opening of the season confirmed the limitations of the chosen soprano, the 38-year-old
319:. As the months dragged on into October, it was agreed that Piave would come to Sant'Agata (Verdi's home near
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Flora and the ladies attempt to persuade Violetta to leave the dining room, but Violetta turns to Alfredo:
1007:– "Always free"). From off stage, Alfredo's voice is heard singing about love as he walks down the street.
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Memoriale di "Pura Siccome". La storia di Violetta la traviata raccontata dalla sorella nubile di Alfredo
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After the guests leave, Violetta wonders if Alfredo could actually be the one in her life (Violetta:
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Piave to Carlo Marzari at La Fenice announcing that the libretto was complete, 20 October 1852, in
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visited Paris from late 1851 and into March 1852. In February the couple attended a performance of
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1496:(1841–1907), an Italian flautist and composer, wrote the "Concert Fantasy on themes from Verdi's
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s success in Venice, an additional commission was offered by Brenna, the secretary of La Fenice.
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335:). However, Verdi wrote to his friend De Sanctis telling him that "for Venice I'm doing
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1130:– "A man, who even in anger, offends a woman renders himself deserving of contempt.").
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has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
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ieri sera fiasco. La colpa è mia o dei cantanti? Il tempo giudicherà". Translated in
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reports, the composer immediately began to compose music for what would later become
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admission and, furiously, Alfredo calls the guests to witness what he has to say (
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2014:
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in the title role. The French adaptation of the libretto was published in 1865.
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critic wrote: "Those who have quietly sat through the glaring improprieties of
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Coincidentally, as Philips-Matz points out, an Italian translation of the play
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44:
327:. Within a short time, a synopsis was dispatched to Venice under the title of
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The opera was first performed in France on 6 December 1856 in Italian by the
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21 February for rehearsals and he made his unhappiness clear to the singers.
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1121:("Ignoble insulter of women, go away from here, you fill us with horror!").
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189:, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled
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last night a failure. Was the fault mine or the singers'? Time will tell."
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1876:
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is the only one of Verdi's many operas to be set entirely indoors. Unlike
1139:– "Alfredo, Alfredo, you can't understand all the love in this heart...".
237:, but work on this opera could not proceed while the composer was writing
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requirement was that it should be set in the 17th century "in the era of
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The Operas of Verdi: Volume 2: From Il Trovatore to La Forza del Destino
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But it is too late: she knows her death approaches (Alfredo, Violetta:
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announces that supper is ready. Alfredo leaves with handfuls of money.
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825:
589:
582:
473:, in Vienna on 4 May 1855 in Italian and in Barcelona on 25 October at
1848:
Schwarm, Betsy; Kuiper, Kathleen; Cantoni, Linda (27 September 2016).
1136:
Alfredo, Alfredo, di questo core non-puoi comprendere tutto l'amore...
500:, which as put on the stage is little but rampant lechery", while the
195:, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at
3332:
3322:
2608:(1982), New York: Knopf, 1962, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2267:(3rd, revised ed.). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield.
1906:
1880:
1315:
1259:
1221:
Cover of a circa 1855 vocal score with an engraving by Leopoldo Ratti
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357:
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Music in the Nineteenth Century: The Oxford History of Western Music
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Di sprezzo degno sè stesso rende chi pur nell'ira la donna offende.
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Di donne ignobile insultatore, di qua allontanati, ne desti orror!
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1307:
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477:. It was first performed in England on 24 May 1856 in Italian at
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1562:; from Italian 'tra-' – 'beyond, across', and '-via' – 'the way'
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effects are not required for the character after the first act.
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A Book of Operas: Their Histories, Their Plots and Their Music
219:
2706:, public domain orchestra score (scanned from an old edition)
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624:
529:(an adaptation by Édouard Duprez, older brother of the tenor
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157:
40:
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Violetta, la Traviata, opéra en 4 actes, musique de G. Verdi
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The Story of Giuseppe Verdi: Oberto to Un Ballo in Maschera
1589:
1299:
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370:
2696:, public domain vocal score (scanned from an 1899 edition)
1101:– "Piquillo is a bold and handsome matador from Biscay").
875:, has brought with him a friend, Alfredo Germont, a young
412:
was being presented just a short distance from La Fenice.
2757:
2568:
Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera: From Rossini to Puccini
2392:
Second Empire Opera: The Théâtre Lyrique Paris 1851–1870
1902:"On the up: Bachtrack's Classical Music Statistics 2022"
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as Giorgio Germont, and the chorus and orchestra of the
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in what has now become perhaps his most famous letter: "
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to celebrate her recovery from an illness. Gastone, a
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2480:. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
1922:
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1706:
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chronicles at length rehearsals for a production of
1059:
Di Provenza il mar, il suol chi dal cor ti cancellò?
2459:, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
2553:, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
2360:. London & New York: Oxford University Press.
2205:
1829:
1232:– "Farewell, lovely, happy dreams of the past").
4050:
2240:
1811:
1795:
1756:
1089:– "We are gypsy girls who have come from afar";
967:"È strano! ... Ah, fors'è lui" / "Sempre libera"
2013:
1755:(13 December 1856), p. 18, quoted and cited in
1507:(1832–1882) wrote a "Fantasía sobre motivos de
1098:È Piquillo un bel gagliardo Biscaglino mattador
1034:Pura siccome un angelo, iddio mi diè una figlia
1024:De' miei bollenti spiriti / Il giovanile ardore
1016:Scene 1: Violetta's country house outside Paris
2476:De Van, Gilles (trans. Gilda Roberts) (1998),
1810:(4 December 1856), p. 18, quoted and cited in
930:– a drinking song (Alfredo, Violetta, chorus:
525:in Paris, and on 27 October 1864 in French as
307:Francesco Maria Piave, librettist of the opera
3132:
2889:
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2478:Verdi's Theater: Creating Drama Through Music
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2122:di G. Verdi, for clarinet & piano, Op. 45
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3763:Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi
2444:New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
2091:"An Opera Star, Freckles, Blemishes and All"
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2551:The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas
2503:Divas and Scholar: Performing Italian Opera
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2519:(1983), New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
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1841:
1775:. University Rochester Press. p. 81.
1772:Verdi in America: Oberto Through Rigoletto
1740:
1731:
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620:a young bourgeois from a provincial family
510:will hardly blush or frown at anything in
397:. The next day, Verdi wrote to his friend
282:. As a result of this, Verdi's biographer
51:
2670:International Music Score Library Project
2324:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O005794
2159:International Music Score Library Project
1869:
2625:New York: Oxford University Press: 1992
2505:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2382:. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
2374:
2248:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2226:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1696:
1687:Verdi to Muzio, 7 March 1853, quoted in
1644:Verdi to De Sanctis, 1 January 1853, in
1533:
1216:
1069:
850:
559:
458:when Verdi allowed a performance at the
369:
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218:
2284:Meadows' Italian and English Dictionary
2281:
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1583:
1571:
938:– "Let's drink from the joyful cups").
298:
14:
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2002:
1941:
1928:
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1645:
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1607:
1086:Noi siamo zingarelle venute da lontano
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1987:
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1823:
1724:Piave to De Sanctis, 25 May 1854, in
1370:, which was composed simultaneously,
1241:– "We will leave Paris, O beloved").
867:, throws a lavish party at her Paris
486:on 3 December 1856 in Italian at the
147:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1229:Addio, del passato bei sogni ridenti
1050:Amami, Alfredo, amami quant'io t'amo
700:Violetta's lover, a rival of Alfredo
2570:, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
2457:Verdi's Middle Period, 1849 to 1859
1975:from the original on 9 October 2022
1040:Dite alla giovine, sì bella e pura,
837:Time: Beginning of the 19th century
231:on a subject for what would become
24:
4094:Opera world premieres at La Fenice
3146:
2704:Indiana University School of Music
2694:Indiana University School of Music
2599:Giuseppe Verdi: His Life and Works
2415:Baldini, Gabriele (1970), (trans.
2409:
1253:
1154:
955:
885:
782:
484:Max Maretzek Italian Opera Company
25:
4120:
4104:Libretti by Francesco Maria Piave
2657:
1940:The synopsis is based in part on
1651:
1619:Verdi to Piave, 26 July 1852, in
1487:
573:Roles, voice types, premiere cast
57:Violetta's costume, premiere 1853
4036:
4012:
4011:
3962:Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto Story
3690:
2536:, New York: Da Capo Press, Inc.
2517:Verdi: His Music, Life and Times
2440:The Cambridge Companion to Verdi
2167:
1392:
1194:
1170:
971:
901:
824:Problems playing this file? See
798:
440:
419:
2297:The Opera Goer's Complete Guide
2145:
2131:
2111:
2082:
2046:
2007:
1951:
1934:
1801:
1762:
1746:
1718:
1681:
1190:"Parigi, o cara, noi lasceremo"
1066:Scene 2: Party at Flora's house
450:c. 1845, the first Alfredo
149:[latraviˈaːta,-aˈvjaː-]
4064:Operas set in the 19th century
3203:I Lombardi alla prima crociata
3173:Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio
2644:Verdi: The Man and His Letters
2623:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
2455:Chusid, Martin, (Ed.) (1997),
2427:: Cambridge University Press.
1850:"La traviata | opera by Verdi"
1769:George Whitney Martin (2011).
1638:
1613:
1527:
537:on the Place du Châtelet with
339:which will probably be called
13:
1:
1515:
1378:
1238:Parigi, o cara, noi lasceremo
1092:Di Madride noi siam mattadori
998:È strano! ... Ah, fors' è lui
847:The salon in Violetta's house
834:Place: Paris and its vicinity
374:Poster for the world premiere
3982:Casa di Riposo per Musicisti
3727:Theatres named after Verdi (
2684:National Library of Scotland
2394:. New York: Riverrun Press.
2212:. New York: Penguin Putnam.
2089:Rachel Saltz (15 May 2013).
1247:Gran Dio!...morir sì giovane
482:in the United States by the
27:1853 opera by Giuseppe Verdi
7:
3721:Memorials to Giuseppe Verdi
2534:The Complete Opera of Verdi
2286:. London: Bernard Quaritch.
2263:Loewenberg, Alfred (1978).
2208:The New Penguin Opera Guide
2023:Shown Here with Anna Moffo"
775:
587:Premiere cast, 6 March 1853
207:" productions were staged.
10:
4125:
3831:Portrait of Giuseppe Verdi
2674:Digitised miniature score
2646:, New York, Vienna House.
2580:Rattalino, Pierro (2006),
1450:The 2012 documentary film
1382:
919:, Mexico City, 3 June 1952
4099:Operas adapted into films
4008:
3973:
3892:
3851:Verdi, the King of Melody
3821:
3712:
3679:String Quartet in E minor
3650:
3547:
3464:
3163:
3154:
3082:
3047:
3021:The Lady of the Camellias
2997:The Lady of the Camellias
2940:The Lady of the Camellias
2930:The Lady of the Camellias
2920:
2913:The Lady of the Camellias
2845:The Lady of the Camellias
2828:
2803:
2771:
2308:(2002) . "Traviata, La".
2265:Annals of Opera 1597–1940
1416:Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
863:Violetta Valéry, a famed
279:The Lady of the Camellias
256:The Lady of the Camellias
110:
90:
82:
72:
62:
50:
39:
34:
4069:Operas by Giuseppe Verdi
3519:Libiamo ne' lieti calici
2819:Libiamo ne' lieti calici
2354:Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane
1520:
1473:Aix-en-Provence Festival
1339:
1142:
1010:
934:Libiamo ne' lieti calici
897:Libiamo ne' lieti calici
855:Scene 1: Party (attrib.
841:
555:
429:, the first Germont père
4089:Tuberculosis in fiction
4074:Italian-language operas
3756:Giuseppe Verdi Monument
3483:Bella figlia dell'amore
3303:La battaglia di Legnano
2682:in Milan in 1855, from
2316:Oxford University Press
2282:Meadows, F. C. (1892).
2200:Kimbell, David (2001).
2183:Oxford University Press
2138:"Fantasia on the opera
1855:Encyclopædia Britannica
1398:A 1967 film version by
1112:Questa donna conoscete?
684:Gastone de Letorières,
612:Fanny Salvini-Donatelli
565:Fanny Salvini-Donatelli
546:Encyclopædia Britannica
492:George Templeton Strong
464:Maria Spezia-Aldighieri
353:Fanny Salvini-Donatelli
284:Mary Jane Phillips-Matz
199:opera house in Venice.
3363:Les vêpres siciliennes
2342:Piave, Francesco Maria
2242:Brodsky Lawrence, Vera
2236:. New York: Macmillan.
2228:Krehbiel, Henry Edward
1462:Jean-François Sivadier
1246:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1159:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1058:
1049:
1039:
1033:
1023:
1003:
997:
981:Act 1 finale, sung by
960:
944:
932:
890:
860:
787:
568:
375:
308:
224:
115:6 March 1853
4109:Operas based on plays
3528:Un dì, felice, eterea
3072:Marguerite and Armand
2812:Un dì, felice, eterea
2118:Fantasia sull' opera
2058:"Franco Zeffirelli's
2019:"A Screen Version of
1812:Brodsky Lawrence 1995
1796:Brodsky Lawrence 1995
1757:Brodsky Lawrence 1995
1547:the woman gone astray
1503:The Spanish composer
1220:
1158:
1073:
959:
946:Un dì, felice, eterea
889:
854:
810:New York Philharmonic
786:
563:
479:Her Majesty's Theatre
475:Gran Teatre del Liceu
373:
312:Francesco Maria Piave
306:
222:
170:Francesco Maria Piave
77:Francesco Maria Piave
3990:Verdi Transcriptions
3640:Un ballo in maschera
3586:La forza del destino
3413:La forza del destino
3403:Un ballo in maschera
3157:List of compositions
2780:La Dame aux Camélias
2584:. Zecchini Editore.
2017:(28 February 1968).
1557:the led-astray woman
1074:Act 2, scene 2 from
665:Speranza Giuseppini
567:, the first Violetta
460:Teatro San Benedetto
410:La Dame aux camélias
337:La Dame aux camélias
299:Composing for Venice
264:Giuseppina Strepponi
175:La Dame aux camélias
96:La Dame aux camélias
4084:Operas set in Paris
3822:Cultural depictions
3701:Quattro pezzi sacri
3549:Opera discographies
1814:, pp. 712–713.
1635:, pp. 116–117.
1447:as Giorgio Germont.
1375:she dies in act 3.
1262:with the following
1181:Amelita Galli-Curci
1166:"Addio del passato"
917:Giuseppe Di Stefano
575:
366:Performance history
229:Salvadore Cammarano
215:Composition history
3749:Milan Conservatory
3670:Inno delle nazioni
3651:Other compositions
3373:I vespri siciliani
3183:Un giorno di regno
2863:(2012 documentary)
2437:Balthazar, Scott.
2358:Verdi: A Biography
2311:Grove Music Online
2096:The New York Times
2067:The New York Times
2028:The New York Times
1877:"Opera statistics"
1676:Phillips-Matz 1993
1666:, pp. 319–324
1664:Phillips-Matz 1993
1621:Phillips-Matz 1993
1596:Phillips-Matz 1993
1481:Charles Castronovo
1258:The opera uses an
1223:
1160:
1148:Violetta's bedroom
1080:
1078:'s 2004 production
961:
891:
861:
788:
740:Violetta's servant
720:Arnaldo Silvestri
712:Marchese d'Obigny
707:Francesco Dragone
594:Gaetano Mares
571:
569:
376:
309:
225:
164:set to an Italian
4024:
4023:
3864:(1982 miniseries)
3861:The Life of Verdi
3798:Verdi, California
3510:La donna è mobile
3114:
3113:
2871:
2870:
2861:Becoming Traviata
2652:978-0-8443-0088-7
2631:978-0-19-869164-8
2614:978-0-226-87132-5
2601:, New York: Knopf
2590:978-88-87203-05-9
2576:978-0-931340-82-6
2559:978-0-19-531314-7
2542:978-0-306-80072-6
2525:978-0-396-08196-8
2511:978-0-226-30482-3
2494:978-0-226-14370-5
2486:978-0-226-14369-9
2472:978-0-226-10659-5
2465:978-0-226-10658-8
2450:978-0-521-63535-6
2433:978-0-521-29712-7
2401:978-0-7145-3659-0
2376:Taruskin, Richard
2367:978-0-19-313204-7
2333:978-1-56159-263-0
2274:978-0-87471-851-5
2255:978-0-226-47011-5
2219:978-0-14-029312-8
2192:978-0-19-816262-9
2153:Traviata Fantasía
2056:(22 April 1983).
1782:978-1-58046-388-1
1743:, columns 906–908
1453:Becoming Traviata
1426:Franco Zeffirelli
1209:Giuseppina Huguet
1205:Fernando De Lucia
1199:
1175:
976:
907:
804:
773:
772:
656:Violetta's friend
636:Giorgio Germont,
630:Lodovico Graziani
618:Alfredo Germont,
600:Violetta Valéry,
544:According to the
539:Christina Nilsson
448:Lodovico Graziani
395:Lodovico Graziani
223:Verdi around 1850
172:. It is based on
160:in three acts by
136:
135:
16:(Redirected from
4116:
4041:
4040:
4032:
4015:
4014:
4001:
3994:
3984:
3974:Related articles
3966:
3956:
3946:
3936:
3926:
3916:
3906:
3893:Film adaptations
3885:
3875:
3865:
3855:
3845:
3835:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3723:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3687:Messa da Requiem
3682:
3674:
3664:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3550:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3457:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3383:Simon Boccanegra
3377:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3247:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3118:
3117:
2905:Alexandre Dumas
2898:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2785:Alexandre Dumas
2752:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2668:: Scores at the
2621:and West, Ewan,
2564:Pistone, Danièle
2530:Osborne, Charles
2515:Martin, George,
2405:
2383:
2371:
2349:
2337:
2314:(8th ed.).
2301:
2287:
2278:
2259:
2237:
2223:
2211:
2196:
2161:
2157:: Scores at the
2149:
2143:
2135:
2129:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1910:. 5 January 2023
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1766:
1760:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1531:
1494:Donato Lovreglio
1470:
1443:as Alfredo, and
1408:Franco Bonisolli
1400:Mario Lanfranchi
1270:(fl. 2 doubling
1249:
1240:
1231:
1201:
1200:
1177:
1176:
1157:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1061:
1052:
1042:
1036:
1026:
1006:
1000:
978:
977:
958:
949:
937:
909:
908:
888:
814:Arturo Toscanini
806:
805:
794:Prelude to act 1
785:
769:Antonio Mazzini
752:Flora's servant
725:Dottore Grenvil
698:Barone Douphol,
686:Alfredo's friend
679:Carlotta Berini
638:Alfredo's father
576:
574:
570:
488:Academy of Music
444:
423:
275:
249:
184:Alexandre Dumas
154:The Fallen Woman
151:
146:
130:
127:Teatro La Fenice
122:
120:
102:Alexandre Dumas
55:
32:
31:
21:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4004:
3997:
3987:
3980:
3969:
3959:
3949:
3939:
3929:
3919:
3909:
3899:
3888:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3838:
3828:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3726:
3719:
3708:
3698:
3685:
3677:
3667:
3660:Suona la tromba
3657:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3548:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3376:(December 1855)
3370:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3280:
3270:
3260:
3250:
3240:
3233:Giovanna d'Arco
3230:
3220:
3210:
3200:
3190:
3180:
3170:
3159:
3150:
3145:
3115:
3110:
3090:Marie Duplessis
3078:
3043:
2934:(1915, Negroni)
2916:
2902:
2872:
2867:
2824:
2799:
2793:Marie Duplessis
2767:
2756:
2700:Orchestra score
2660:
2604:Walker, Frank,
2499:Gossett, Philip
2412:
2410:Further reading
2402:
2368:
2334:
2275:
2256:
2220:
2193:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2155:(Arcas, Julián)
2150:
2146:
2136:
2132:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2032:
2015:Raymond Ericson
2012:
2008:
2001:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1767:
1763:
1751:
1747:
1741:Loewenberg 1978
1739:
1732:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1691:, column 906: "
1689:Loewenberg 1978
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1490:
1464:
1445:Cornell MacNeil
1441:Plácido Domingo
1420:Giuseppe Patanè
1418:, conducted by
1395:
1390:
1381:
1342:
1264:instrumentation
1256:
1254:Instrumentation
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1145:
1013:
993:
992:
991:
990:
989:
979:
972:
969:
962:
956:
924:
923:
922:
921:
920:
910:
902:
899:
892:
886:
844:
831:
830:
822:
820:
819:
818:
817:
807:
799:
796:
789:
783:
778:
693:Angelo Zuliani
672:Violetta's maid
654:Flora Bervoix,
588:
572:
558:
535:Théâtre Lyrique
523:Salle Ventadour
519:Théâtre-Italien
455:
454:
453:
452:
451:
445:
437:
436:
433:Josef Kriehuber
430:
424:
368:
301:
273:
268:Alexander Dumas
260:
247:
217:
144:
132:
131:
125:
123:
118:
116:
99:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4046:
4045:
4022:
4021:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3985:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3957:
3947:
3937:
3927:
3917:
3907:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3856:
3846:
3841:Giuseppe Verdi
3836:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3770:Verdi (crater)
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3724:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3683:
3675:
3665:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3501:Di quella pira
3496:
3487:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3465:Opera excerpts
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:Giuseppe Verdi
3144:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:(2018 musical)
3100:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2985:
2984:(1926 feature)
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2944:(1915, Serena)
2935:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2759:Giuseppe Verdi
2755:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2687:
2676:for solo piano
2672:
2659:
2658:External links
2656:
2655:
2654:
2633:
2616:
2602:
2592:
2578:
2561:
2544:
2527:
2513:
2496:
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2238:
2224:
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2202:Holden, Amanda
2197:
2191:
2175:Budden, Julian
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2144:
2130:
2124:in libraries (
2110:
2081:
2045:
2006:
1986:
1950:
1933:
1931:, p. 114.
1921:
1893:
1868:
1840:
1828:
1826:, p. 317.
1816:
1800:
1798:, p. 712.
1788:
1781:
1761:
1759:, p. 712.
1745:
1730:
1717:
1715:, p. 124.
1705:
1680:
1678:, p. 318.
1668:
1650:
1637:
1625:
1612:
1610:, p. 115.
1600:
1598:, p. 303.
1588:
1586:, p. 995.
1576:
1574:, p. 582.
1564:
1536:, Chapter 11:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1489:
1488:Inspired music
1486:
1485:
1484:
1477:Natalie Dessay
1448:
1437:Teresa Stratas
1423:
1394:
1391:
1383:Main article:
1380:
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531:Gilbert Duprez
446:
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399:Emanuele Muzio
367:
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333:Love and Death
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162:Giuseppe Verdi
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37:
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3881:Risorgimento!
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3809:
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3223:I due Foscari
3219:
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3209:
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3119:
3106:
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3104:Moulin Rouge!
3101:
3098:
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3096:Moulin Rouge!
3093:
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2713:
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2698:
2695:
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2688:
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2681:
2678:published by
2677:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2636:Werfel, Franz
2634:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:Warrack, John
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2606:The Man Verdi
2603:
2600:
2596:
2595:Toye, Francis
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2547:Parker, Roger
2545:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2522:
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2423:. Cambridge,
2422:
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2329:
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2307:
2306:Parker, Roger
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2276:
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2261:
2257:
2251:
2247:
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2239:
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2229:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2168:Cited sources
2160:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2114:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2070:. p. C13
2069:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2054:Vincent Canby
2049:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1959:"La traviata"
1954:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1857:
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1844:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1728:, p. 125
1727:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1697:Krehbiel 1909
1694:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1648:, p. 116
1647:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1623:, p. 318
1622:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1535:
1534:Taruskin 2009
1530:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:as Violetta,
1438:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:as Violetta,
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:Film versions
1389:
1387:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1337:
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1025:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1005:
1004:Sempre libera
999:
988:
984:
983:Lucrezia Bori
968:
951:
948:
947:
939:
936:
935:
929:
918:
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849:
848:
836:
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829:
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815:
811:
795:
768:
765:
763:Commissioner
762:
761:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
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737:
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733:
730:
727:
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697:
696:
692:
689:
687:
683:
682:
678:
675:
673:
669:
668:
664:
662:
661:mezzo-soprano
659:
657:
653:
652:
649:
648:Felice Varesi
646:
644:
641:
639:
635:
634:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
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540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
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499:
498:
493:
490:in New York.
489:
485:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
449:
443:
434:
428:
427:Felice Varesi
422:
413:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
393:
389:
388:Felice Varesi
386:
382:
372:
363:
360:
359:
354:
350:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Amore e morte
326:
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318:
313:
305:
296:
293:
292:Julian Budden
289:
285:
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81:
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71:
68:
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61:
54:
49:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4010:
3989:
3961:
3951:
3941:
3931:
3921:
3911:
3901:
3884:(2011 opera)
3879:
3869:
3859:
3849:
3839:
3829:
3713:Recognitions
3699:
3668:
3658:
3639:
3630:
3622:Il trovatore
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3537:Va, pensiero
3492:Celeste Aida
3474:Anvil Chorus
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3343:Il trovatore
3341:
3331:
3321:
3313:Luisa Miller
3311:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3273:I masnadieri
3271:
3261:
3251:
3241:
3231:
3221:
3211:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3171:
3102:
3094:
3070:
3062:
3055:
3054:
3036:
3027:
3019:
3013:Camille 2000
3011:
3004:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2976:(1926 short)
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2939:
2937:
2929:
2927:
2911:
2906:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2786:
2778:
2763:
2762:
2716:
2664:
2643:
2640:Stefan, Paul
2622:
2605:
2598:
2581:
2567:
2550:
2533:
2516:
2502:
2488:(hardback),
2477:
2456:
2438:
2424:
2420:
2417:Roger Parker
2391:
2388:Walsh, T. J.
2379:
2357:
2345:
2309:
2296:
2283:
2264:
2245:
2232:
2207:
2181:. New York:
2178:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2119:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2099:. p. C4
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2065:
2059:
2048:
2033:. Retrieved
2031:. p. 43
2026:
2020:
2009:
1977:. Retrieved
1965:
1953:
1936:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1905:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1808:Evening Post
1807:
1803:
1791:
1771:
1764:
1752:
1748:
1720:
1708:
1692:
1683:
1671:
1640:
1628:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1584:Kimbell 2001
1579:
1572:Meadows 1892
1567:
1529:
1508:
1505:Julián Arcas
1497:
1460:directed by
1457:
1451:
1430:
1410:as Alfredo,
1385:
1371:
1368:Il trovatore
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1328:
1257:
1243:
1234:
1224:
1147:
1146:
1132:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1081:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1045:
1029:
1019:
1015:
1014:
994:
985:in 1910 for
940:
925:
913:Maria Callas
862:
857:Carl d'Unker
846:
845:
823:
739:
699:
685:
671:
655:
637:
619:
601:
549:
543:
526:
516:
511:
508:Don Giovanni
507:
503:Evening Post
501:
497:Don Giovanni
495:
468:
456:
409:
407:
402:
377:
356:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
316:
310:
287:
277:
270:
261:
255:
244:
238:
234:Il trovatore
232:
226:
208:
201:
191:
190:
185:
173:
153:
139:
138:
137:
103:
94:
66:
29:
4059:1853 operas
3999:Villa Verdi
3922:La Traviata
3874:(1985 play)
3854:(1953 film)
3844:(1938 film)
3784:Verdi Range
3777:Verdi Inlet
3704:(1889–1897)
3631:La traviata
3366:(June 1855)
3353:La traviata
3099:(2001 film)
3056:La traviata
3029:La Traviata
2855:(1983 film)
2853:La Traviata
2847:(1947 film)
2839:discography
2837:La traviata
2764:La traviata
2717:La traviata
2690:Vocal score
2665:La traviata
2292:Melitz, Leo
2140:La traviata
2120:La traviata
2003:Parker 2002
1944:, pp.
1942:Melitz 1921
1929:Budden 1992
1726:Budden 1992
1713:Budden 1992
1693:La traviata
1646:Budden 1992
1633:Budden 1992
1608:Budden 1992
1509:La traviata
1498:La traviata
1465: [
1458:La traviata
1431:La Traviata
1388:discography
1386:La traviata
1372:La traviata
1364:La traviata
747:G. Borsato
602:a courtesan
550:La traviata
512:La traviata
471:Teatro Real
403:La traviata
381:consumption
341:La traviata
325:La traviata
290:. However,
288:La traviata
254:Verdi sees
209:La traviata
140:La traviata
63:Other title
35:La traviata
18:La Traviata
4053:Categories
3992:(Finnissy)
3871:After Aida
3791:3975 Verdi
3568:Don Carlos
3426:(1867/84)
3423:Don Carlos
3416:(1862/69)
3293:Il corsaro
3266:(1847/65)
3064:Marguerite
1836:Piave 1865
1824:Walsh 1981
1699:, p.
1516:References
1475:featuring
1412:Gino Bechi
1404:Anna Moffo
1379:Recordings
1355:coloratura
1334:flugelhorn
1076:Fife Opera
826:media help
738:Giuseppe,
583:Voice type
262:Verdi and
178:(1852), a
119:1853-03-06
73:Librettist
3613:Rigoletto
3386:(1857/81)
3333:Rigoletto
3323:Stiffelio
3283:Jérusalem
3067:(musical)
2419:, 1980),
2042:Facsimile
1979:14 August
1966:imslp.org
1907:Bachtrack
1881:Operabase
1552: or
1428:directed
1402:features
1316:bass drum
1296:trombones
1280:clarinets
1260:orchestra
877:bourgeois
865:courtesan
704:baritone
590:Conductor
533:) at the
358:Stiffelio
349:Richelieu
317:Rigoletto
245:Rigoletto
240:Rigoletto
205:realistic
197:La Fenice
4017:Category
3737:Florence
3729:Brindisi
3577:Falstaff
3453:Falstaff
3075:(ballet)
2723:AllMovie
2710:Libretto
2642:(1973),
2597:(1931),
2566:(1995),
2549:(2007),
2532:(1969),
2501:(2006),
2390:(1981).
2378:(2009).
2356:(1993).
2344:(1865).
2294:(1921).
2244:(1995).
2230:(1909).
2177:(1992).
2128:catalog)
2126:WorldCat
2060:Traviata
2021:Traviata
1970:Archived
1753:Leslie's
1320:triangle
1304:cimbasso
1292:trumpets
1284:bassoons
928:brindisi
873:viscount
776:Synopsis
758:G. Tona
676:soprano
670:Annina,
643:baritone
527:Violetta
431:(Litho:
390:and the
385:baritone
192:Violetta
166:libretto
156:) is an
145:Italian:
129:, Venice
111:Premiere
91:Based on
83:Language
67:Violetta
3942:Macbeth
3741:Trieste
3733:Busseto
3689:(1874)
3595:Macbeth
3446:(1887)
3436:(1871)
3406:(1859)
3356:(1853)
3346:(1853)
3336:(1851)
3263:Macbeth
3193:Nabucco
3083:Related
3059:(opera)
3037:Camille
3005:Camelia
2989:Camille
2981:Camille
2973:Camille
2965:Camille
2957:Camille
2949:Camille
2829:Related
2680:Ricordi
2204:(ed.).
1946:195–196
1914:3 April
1886:3 April
1861:3 April
1541:
1471:at the
1435:, with
1433:in 1983
1346:prelude
1324:strings
1312:cymbals
1308:timpani
1272:piccolo
607:soprano
521:at the
321:Busseto
117: (
86:Italian
4079:Operas
4029:Portal
3965:(2005)
3955:(1987)
3945:(1987)
3935:(1986)
3932:Otello
3925:(1983)
3915:(1953)
3905:(1906)
3902:Otello
3834:(1886)
3681:(1873)
3673:(1862)
3663:(1848)
3604:Otello
3456:(1893)
3443:Otello
3396:(1857)
3393:Aroldo
3326:(1850)
3316:(1849)
3306:(1849)
3296:(1848)
3286:(1847)
3276:(1847)
3256:(1846)
3253:Attila
3246:(1845)
3243:Alzira
3236:(1845)
3226:(1844)
3216:(1844)
3213:Ernani
3206:(1843)
3196:(1842)
3186:(1840)
3176:(1839)
3164:Operas
3040:(1984)
3032:(1983)
3024:(1981)
3016:(1969)
3008:(1954)
3000:(1947)
2992:(1936)
2968:(1921)
2960:(1917)
2952:(1915)
2772:Source
2719:films"
2650:
2629:
2612:
2588:
2574:
2557:
2540:
2523:
2509:
2492:
2484:
2470:
2463:
2448:
2431:
2398:
2364:
2330:
2271:
2252:
2216:
2189:
2103:10 May
2074:10 May
2035:10 May
1779:
1268:flutes
1183:(1943)
816:, 1929
744:tenor
690:tenor
4043:Opera
3048:Stage
2921:Films
2804:Music
2425:et al
1973:(PDF)
1962:(PDF)
1521:Notes
1469:]
1340:Music
1330:Banda
1288:horns
1276:oboes
1274:), 2
1143:Act 3
1011:Act 2
869:salon
842:Act 1
766:bass
755:bass
728:bass
625:tenor
579:Role
556:Roles
392:tenor
274:'
248:'
158:opera
41:Opera
3952:Aida
3912:Aida
3559:Aida
3433:Aida
2907:fils
2787:fils
2648:ISBN
2638:and
2627:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2586:ISBN
2572:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2538:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2507:ISBN
2490:ISBN
2482:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2461:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2396:ISBN
2362:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2187:ISBN
2105:2024
2076:2024
2037:2024
1981:2020
1916:2023
1888:2023
1863:2023
1777:ISBN
1538:lit.
1479:and
1344:The
1300:harp
1294:, 3
1290:, 2
1286:, 4
1282:, 2
1278:, 2
1266:: 2
915:and
716:bass
271:fils
258:play
186:fils
180:play
104:fils
2783:by
2761:'s
2702:at
2692:at
2320:doi
1701:167
514:."
182:by
168:by
100:by
43:by
4055::
3739:-
3735:-
3731:-
2910:'
2721:,
2326:.
2318:.
2185:.
2093:.
2064:.
2025:.
1989:^
1968:.
1964:.
1904:.
1879:.
1852:.
1733:^
1653:^
1511:".
1467:fr
1326:.
1322:,
1318:,
1314:,
1310:,
1306:,
1302:,
1298:,
1207:,
812:,
592::
548:,
276:s
152:;
4031::
3743:)
3539:"
3535:"
3530:"
3526:"
3521:"
3517:"
3512:"
3508:"
3503:"
3499:"
3494:"
3490:"
3485:"
3481:"
3476:"
3472:"
3140:e
3133:t
3126:v
2897:e
2890:t
2883:v
2821:"
2817:"
2814:"
2810:"
2751:e
2744:t
2737:v
2715:"
2686:.
2452:.
2442:.
2404:.
2370:.
2348:.
2336:.
2322::
2277:.
2258:.
2222:.
2195:.
2107:.
2078:.
2062:"
2039:.
1983:.
1948:.
1918:.
1890:.
1865:.
1838:.
1785:.
1703:.
1560:'
1554:'
1550:'
1544:'
1483:.
1422:.
859:)
828:.
435:)
331:(
203:"
143:(
121:)
20:)
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