1206:
48:
314:
1094:
1160:
271:
3957:
2685:
125:
1210:
1209:
1211:
31:
1208:
75:
1239:
98:
305:. It was already a rare duck before European settlers arrived, and as a result of its rarity, information on the Labrador duck is not abundant, although some, such as its habitat, characteristics, dietary habits and reasons behind its extinction, are known. There are 55 specimens of the Labrador duck preserved in museum collections worldwide.
1110:
of the male was scoter-like. An expansion of the tracheal tube occurred at the anterior end, and two enlargements (as opposed to one enlargement as seen in scoters) were near the middle of the tube. The bulla was bony and round, puffing out from the left side. This asymmetrical and osseus bulla was
1222:
The
Labrador duck is thought to have been always rare, but between 1850 and 1870, populations waned further. Its extinction (sometime after 1878) is still not fully explained. Although hunted for food, this duck was considered to taste bad, rotted quickly, and fetched a low price. Consequently, it
1114:
The
Labrador duck had an oblong head with small, beady eyes. Its bill was almost as long as its head. The body was short and depressed with short, strong feet that were far behind the body. The feathers were small and the tail was short and rounded. The Labrador duck belongs to a monotypic genus.
1249:
Another theory that was said to lead to their extinction was a huge increase of human influence on the coastal ecosystems in North
America, causing the birds to flee their niches and find another habitat. These ducks were the only birds whose range was limited to the American coast of the North
1207:
387:), a fact that has led to difficulties in interpreting old records of these species. Both names refer to the male's striking white/black piebald colouration. Yet another common name was sand shoal duck, referring to its habit of feeding in shallow water. The closest
371:
also separates the two groups of sea ducks. In the first group, the foramen is lateral to the long axis of the lateral groove of the hypotarsus; in the second, the foramen is on or medial to the axis of that groove.
1105:
The female plumage was grey. Although weakly patterned, the pattern was scoter-like. The male's plumage was black and white in an eider-like pattern, but the wings were entirely white except for the primaries. The
1174:, and some fishermen reported catching it on fishing lines baited with mussels. The structure of the bill was highly modified from that of most ducks, having a wide, flattened tip with numerous
1111:
unlike that of scoters; this bulla was similar to eiders and harlequin duck's bullae. The
Labrador duck has been considered the most enigmatic of all North American birds.
1197:
most in outward appearance. Its peculiar bill suggests it ate shellfish and crustaceans from silt and shallow water. The
Labrador duck may have survived by eating snails.
1227:, and it may have been subject to depredations by the feather trade in its breeding area, as well. Another possible factor in the bird's extinction was the decline in
1235:. Although all sea ducks readily feed on shallow-water molluscs, no Western Atlantic bird species seems to have been as dependent on such food as the Labrador duck.
1554:"Recently Extinct Animals - Species Info - Labrador Duck." Recently Extinct Animals - Species Info - Labrador Duck. N.p., 4 June 2008. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
1917:
3068:
2389:
1904:
1909:
3123:
3059:
2947:
2429:
4185:
2623:
4339:
3485:
3236:
3216:
3075:
39:
4329:
4309:
4237:
3755:
3386:
3306:
3082:
3001:
2979:
2969:
2440:
2409:
2378:
2324:
2273:
2259:
2251:
3461:
3346:
3336:
3132:
2839:
2828:
2733:
2632:
2508:
2244:
1556:
1250:
Atlantic, so changing niches was a difficult task. Whatever the causes may be, the
Labrador duck became extinct in the late 19th century.
3634:
3623:
3022:
2915:
2861:
2765:
2586:
3523:
3434:
3289:
3261:
3146:
3044:
2936:
2893:
1147:'s son reported seeing a nest belonging to the species in Labrador. Some believe that it may have laid its eggs on the islands in the
3226:
1231:
and other shellfish on which they are believed to have fed in their winter quarters, due to growth of population and industry on the
4159:
2796:
1891:
1759:
4344:
4198:
2419:
1949:
1881:
Dutcher, William. The
Labrador Duck:- A Revised List of the Extant Specimens in North America, with Some Historical Notes. 1891.
1360:
4304:
1733:
4250:
1743:
375:
The
Labrador duck was also known as the pied duck and skunk duck, the former being a vernacular name that it shared with the
4203:
1330:
4324:
4015:
1529:
1193:, which feeds largely on plankton, but also mollusks; the condition in the Labrador duck probably resembled that in the
4349:
1972:
1243:
4053:
1876:
1861:
1802:
4334:
4263:
4242:
1787:
1434:
4146:
1232:
109:
56:
1186:
Steller's eider. The beak was also particularly soft and may have been used to probe through sediment for food.
1809:
1604:
1189:
Another, completely unrelated, duck with similar (but even more specialized) bill morphology is the
Australian
1216:
3956:
1914:
4024:
124:
47:
1942:
398:
A mitogenomic study of the placement of the
Labrador duck found the species to be closely related to the
313:
2684:
1308:
1093:
4268:
4066:
1398:
Zusi, Richard (1978). "The Appendicular Myology of the Labrador Duck (Camptorhynchus labradorius)".
4040:
2036:
216:
4229:
1264:
260:
4190:
4084:
3977:
1935:
1927:
1760:
http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/conservation/extinctions/labrador_duck/document_view
1560:
1148:
1135:, where it favored southern sandy coasts, sheltered bays, harbors, and inlets, and breeding in
1098:
919:
384:
4216:
321:
The Labrador duck is considered a sea duck. A basic difference in the shape of the process of
2177:
1810:"The Labrador Duck – another specimen, with additional data respecting extant specimens"
1259:
1001:
837:
240:
4281:
1847:
A History of the Game Birds, Wild-Fowl and Shore Birds of Massachusetts and Adjacent States.
4133:
4089:
4035:
2090:
1494:
8:
3139:
1621:
1477:
Janet C. Buckner; Ryan Ellingson; David A. Gold; Terry L. Jones; David K. Jacobs (2018).
1476:
984:
714:
64:
1596:
1590:
1498:
1479:"Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck
1285:
2308:
2063:
1834:
1714:
1459:
1415:
1175:
1164:
1144:
499:
399:
298:
119:
4319:
4107:
1896:
1872:
1857:
1798:
1783:
1739:
1706:
1645:
1600:
1510:
1159:
3775:
2807:
2235:
1826:
1698:
1637:
1502:
1451:
1442:
1407:
1303:
1224:
960:
936:
820:
557:
437:
380:
330:
302:
4112:
4151:
4099:
3376:
2209:
2021:
1921:
1478:
1190:
368:
270:
1758:"All About Birds". Labrador Duck. Cornell University, 2007. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
1662:
Sibley and Monroe (Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World, 1990, p. 40)
1506:
4314:
3912:
3785:
3648:
3157:
3093:
2904:
2883:
2786:
2539:
2198:
461:
1869:
Waterfowl. An identification guide to the ducks, geese and swans of the world.
4298:
4211:
4000:
3475:
2567:
2399:
2317:
2160:
2147:
2102:
1817:
1710:
1649:
1294:
1179:
1178:
inside. In this way, it is considered an ecological counterpart of the North
1132:
690:
293:
North American duck species. It has the distinction of being the first known
85:
1780:
The Curse of the Labrador Duck: My Obsessive Quest to the Edge of Extinction
1641:
1622:"Genetic Identification of Eggs Purportedly From the Extinct Labrador Duck (
1533:
1386:
The Curse of the Labrador Duck: My Obsessive Quest to the Edge of Extinction
3905:
3854:
3809:
3655:
3564:
3499:
3424:
3206:
3109:
3033:
2775:
2744:
2336:
2005:
1959:
1775:
1514:
1435:"Phylogeny and Evolutionary Ecology of Modern Seaducks (Anatidae: Mergini)"
581:
350:
176:
1732:
Reaka-Kudla, Marjorie L.; Wilson, Don E.; Wilson, Edward O. (1996-09-30).
30:
4224:
4172:
4076:
4009:
3731:
3704:
3613:
3326:
3199:
3166:
3102:
2872:
2850:
2818:
2596:
2266:
2075:
1128:
731:
376:
4276:
4164:
3844:
3816:
3711:
3697:
3686:
3679:
3641:
3603:
3585:
3571:
3554:
3547:
3451:
3441:
3410:
3403:
3357:
3272:
3189:
2555:
2478:
2356:
2280:
2220:
1999:
1838:
1718:
1686:
1463:
1419:
1124:
796:
598:
322:
103:
79:
1735:
Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources
1238:
3861:
3830:
3823:
3795:
3595:
3506:
3417:
3366:
3316:
3279:
3250:
3177:
2958:
2754:
2611:
2576:
2489:
2287:
2187:
2048:
1194:
388:
335:
136:
4177:
3971:
1830:
1702:
1455:
1411:
4125:
3994:
3923:
3802:
3722:
3669:
3534:
3011:
2926:
2716:
2703:
2643:
2451:
1984:
1849:
Boston: Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, pp. 411–416.
1171:
1136:
356:
196:
186:
156:
4138:
4061:
3898:
3872:
3766:
3738:
3578:
3513:
3468:
3393:
2990:
2530:
2462:
2367:
1123:
The Labrador duck migrated annually, wintering off the coasts of
1107:
409:
294:
290:
4255:
1957:
1223:
was not sought much by hunters. However, the eggs may have been
1151:. The breeding biology of the Labrador duck is largely unknown.
4048:
3932:
3888:
3837:
3745:
3492:
3243:
2515:
2498:
2294:
1978:
1228:
1140:
345:
146:
1620:
Chilton, Glen; Sorenson, Michael D. (2007). Winker, K. (ed.).
4120:
3662:
341:
3881:
3296:
1990:
1530:"Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Mergini (Sea Ducks)"
1277:
1183:
895:
391:
relatives of the Labrador duck are apparently the scoters (
166:
1687:"Migratory Birds of Relict Distribution: Some Inferences"
1557:"Recently Extinct Animals - Species Info - Labrador Duck"
297:
North American bird species to become extinct after the
1731:
1283:
1675:. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, volume 4, pp. 57–63.
3894:
3850:
3791:
3781:
3751:
3692:
3675:
3630:
3619:
3609:
3591:
3560:
3519:
3481:
3457:
3447:
3430:
3399:
3382:
3372:
3342:
3332:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3285:
3268:
3256:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3195:
3185:
3120:
3056:
3040:
3029:
3018:
3007:
2997:
2986:
2975:
2965:
2954:
2943:
2932:
2922:
2911:
2900:
2889:
2879:
2868:
2857:
2846:
2835:
2824:
2814:
2803:
2792:
2782:
2771:
2761:
2750:
2740:
2729:
2620:
2592:
2582:
2551:
2504:
2474:
2447:
2436:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2373:
2363:
2352:
2305:
2232:
2216:
2205:
2194:
2183:
2173:
301:, with the last known sighting occurring in 1878 in
1432:
1483:and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck"
1309:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680418A92862623.en
4296:
1619:
2020:
1388:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. Print.
40:Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
1943:
1595:. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. pp.
2158:
1897:The Labrador Duck from John James Audubon's
1871:Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 265–266.
367:The position of the nutrient foramen of the
1361:"EXTINCT: Seeking a bird last seen in 1878"
1950:
1936:
269:
96:
73:
46:
29:
1307:
325:I divides the sea ducks into two groups:
1867:Madge, Steve & Burn, Hilary (1988):
1588:
1237:
1204:
1158:
1092:
312:
2714:
4297:
1807:
1797:. New York: Putnam, pp. 281–304.
1684:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
4340:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
3976:
3975:
2701:
2145:
1971:
1931:
1527:
1487:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1215:Turnaround video of a male specimen,
4330:Extinct animals of the United States
4310:NatureServe presumed extinct species
1397:
1352:
1575:
1295:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1769:
1244:American Museum of Natural History
14:
4361:
2146:
1910:Swans, Geese, and Ducks of Canada
1885:
1358:
3955:
2683:
123:
1795:Hope is the Thing with Feathers
1752:
1725:
1678:
1671:Phillips, John C. (1922–1926):
1665:
1656:
1613:
1284:BirdLife International (2016).
1170:The Labrador duck fed on small
57:Field Museum of Natural History
4345:Extinct birds of North America
1793:Cokinos, Christopher (2000):
1548:
1521:
1470:
1426:
1391:
1378:
1323:
1088:
1:
4305:IUCN Red List extinct species
1924:University of East Anglia, UK
1845:Forbush, Edward Howe (1912):
1270:
1217:Naturalis Biodiversity Center
1200:
2702:
1433:Livezey, Bradley C. (1995).
7:
4325:Bird extinctions since 1500
1507:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008
1335:. NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1253:
308:
10:
4366:
4282:Camptorhynchus-labradorius
4054:camptorhynchus-labradorius
4041:Camptorhynchus_labradorius
4016:Camptorhynchus labradorius
3986:Camptorhynchus labradorius
1915:Marine Extinction Database
1892:BirdLife Species Factsheet
1673:A Natural History of Ducks
1624:Camptorhynchus labradorius
1333:Camptorhynchus labradorius
1288:Camptorhynchus labradorius
1118:
517:Camptorhynchus labradorius
286:Camptorhynchus labradorius
253:Camptorhynchus labradorius
4350:Extinct animals of Canada
3984:
3952:
3922:
3871:
3765:
3721:
3542:
3533:
3356:
3176:
3156:
3119:
3092:
3055:
2725:
2710:
2697:
2680:
2642:
2619:
2610:
2566:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2488:
2470:
2461:
2348:
2335:
2304:
2231:
2169:
2154:
2141:
2101:
2083:
2074:
2056:
2047:
2029:
2016:
1967:
998:
981:
974:
957:
950:
933:
916:
909:
892:
885:
878:
834:
817:
810:
793:
786:
779:
772:
728:
711:
704:
687:
680:
673:
666:
595:
578:
571:
554:
547:
513:
496:
489:
482:
475:
462:Histrionicus histrionicus
458:
451:
434:
427:
420:
413:
268:
246:
239:
120:Scientific classification
118:
94:
71:
62:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
1962:and their extinct allies
1808:Ducher, William (1894).
1339:explorer.natureserve.org
1302:: e.T22680418A92862623.
4335:Birds described in 1789
1856:, Comstock Publishing,
1265:List of extinct animals
1154:
732:Melanitta perspicillata
16:Extinct species of bird
1852:Fuller, Errol (2001):
1782:. Simon and Schuster,
1738:. Joseph Henry Press.
1589:Flannery, Tim (2001).
1246:
1219:
1167:
1149:Gulf of Saint Lawrence
1102:
1099:John Gerrard Keulemans
385:American oystercatcher
318:
1685:Amadon, Dean (1953).
1642:10.1093/auk/124.3.962
1260:List of extinct birds
1241:
1214:
1162:
1096:
937:Lophodytes cucullatus
599:Somateria spectabilis
316:
1101:of a female and male
582:Somateria mollissima
1499:2018MolPE.122..102B
1242:Stuffed specimens,
985:Mergus octosetaceus
838:Bucephala islandica
500:Polysticta stelleri
317:Diagram of the male
232:C. labradorius
65:Conservation status
2309:Anachronornithidae
1920:2006-04-23 at the
1905:Environment Canada
1536:on 8 November 2016
1247:
1220:
1168:
1165:John James Audubon
1145:John James Audubon
1103:
896:Mergellus albellus
821:Bucephala clangula
715:Melanitta deglandi
558:Somateria fischeri
319:
299:Columbian Exchange
4292:
4291:
3978:Taxon identifiers
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
2693:
2692:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2606:
2605:
2525:
2524:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
1864:, pp. 85–87.
1745:978-0-309-52075-1
1528:Johnsgard, Paul.
1212:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
867:
866:
858:
857:
849:
848:
797:Bucephala albeola
761:
760:
752:
751:
743:
742:
655:
654:
646:
645:
637:
636:
628:
627:
619:
618:
610:
609:
536:
535:
527:
526:
438:Clangula hyemalis
277:
276:
220:
113:
89:
38:Female specimen,
4357:
4285:
4284:
4272:
4271:
4259:
4258:
4246:
4245:
4233:
4232:
4220:
4219:
4207:
4206:
4194:
4193:
4181:
4180:
4168:
4167:
4155:
4154:
4142:
4141:
4129:
4128:
4116:
4115:
4103:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4080:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4067:80897D192B0FD8A7
4057:
4056:
4044:
4043:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3973:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3896:
3852:
3793:
3783:
3753:
3694:
3677:
3632:
3621:
3611:
3593:
3562:
3540:
3539:
3521:
3483:
3459:
3449:
3432:
3401:
3384:
3374:
3344:
3334:
3324:
3314:
3304:
3287:
3270:
3258:
3234:
3224:
3214:
3197:
3187:
3122:
3058:
3042:
3031:
3020:
3009:
2999:
2988:
2977:
2967:
2956:
2945:
2934:
2924:
2913:
2902:
2891:
2881:
2870:
2859:
2848:
2837:
2826:
2816:
2808:Chelychelynechen
2805:
2794:
2784:
2773:
2763:
2752:
2742:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2687:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2594:
2584:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2535:
2506:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2449:
2438:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2375:
2365:
2354:
2346:
2345:
2307:
2236:Presbyornithidae
2234:
2218:
2207:
2196:
2185:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2143:
2142:
2081:
2080:
2054:
2053:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1969:
1968:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1899:Birds of America
1842:
1814:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1586:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1559:. Archived from
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1532:. Archived from
1525:
1519:
1518:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1281:
1233:Eastern Seaboard
1213:
1163:Illustration by
1097:Illustration by
1002:Mergus squamatus
977:
976:
961:Mergus merganser
953:
952:
912:
911:
888:
887:
881:
880:
813:
812:
789:
788:
782:
781:
775:
774:
707:
706:
683:
682:
676:
675:
669:
668:
574:
573:
550:
549:
492:
491:
485:
484:
478:
477:
454:
453:
430:
429:
423:
422:
416:
415:
406:
405:
402:as shown below.
381:common goldeneye
303:Elmira, New York
273:
255:
251:
215:
208:
128:
127:
107:
100:
99:
83:
77:
76:
50:
33:
21:
20:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4280:
4275:
4267:
4262:
4254:
4249:
4241:
4236:
4228:
4223:
4215:
4210:
4202:
4197:
4189:
4184:
4176:
4171:
4163:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4137:
4132:
4124:
4119:
4111:
4106:
4098:
4096:
4088:
4083:
4075:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4028:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3980:
3970:
3961:
3954:
3938:
3918:
3867:
3761:
3717:
3529:
3377:Australotadorna
3352:
3172:
3152:
3115:
3088:
3069:Paracygnopterus
3051:
2719:
2706:
2689:
2682:
2658:
2638:
2602:
2562:
2521:
2484:
2457:
2390:Naranbulagornis
2339:
2331:
2300:
2227:
2210:Pelagornithidae
2163:
2150:
2117:
2097:
2070:
2043:
2037:Avemetatarsalia
2022:Avemetatarsalia
2012:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1956:
1922:Wayback Machine
1888:
1831:10.2307/4067622
1812:
1772:
1770:Further reading
1767:
1766:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1730:
1726:
1703:10.2307/4081357
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1592:A Gap in Nature
1587:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1475:
1471:
1456:10.2307/1368999
1437:
1431:
1427:
1412:10.2307/1367191
1396:
1392:
1384:Chilton, Glen.
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1359:Renko, Amanda.
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1256:
1205:
1203:
1191:pink-eared duck
1157:
1143:in the summer.
1131:in the eastern
1121:
1091:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
920:Mergus serrator
868:
859:
850:
762:
753:
744:
691:Melanitta nigra
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
537:
528:
400:Steller's eider
369:tarsometatarsus
311:
264:
257:
249:
248:
235:
214:
206:
122:
114:
101:
97:
90:
78:
74:
67:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4363:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4273:
4260:
4247:
4234:
4221:
4208:
4195:
4182:
4169:
4156:
4143:
4130:
4117:
4104:
4094:
4081:
4071:
4058:
4045:
4032:
4021:
4006:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3789:
3786:Camptorhynchus
3779:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3690:
3683:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3649:Malacorhynchus
3645:
3638:
3628:
3617:
3607:
3600:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3438:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3397:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3293:
3283:
3276:
3266:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3203:
3193:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3162:
3160:
3158:Stictonettinae
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3126:
3124:Dendrocheninae
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3096:
3094:Dendrocygninae
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3064:
3062:
3060:Romainvillinae
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3038:
3027:
3016:
3005:
2995:
2984:
2973:
2963:
2952:
2948:Protomelanitta
2941:
2930:
2920:
2909:
2905:Mioquerquedula
2898:
2887:
2884:Lavanttalornis
2877:
2866:
2855:
2844:
2833:
2822:
2812:
2801:
2790:
2787:Caerulonettion
2780:
2769:
2759:
2748:
2738:
2726:
2720:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2626:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2548:
2542:
2540:Anseranatoidea
2533:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2434:
2430:Petropluvialis
2423:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2383:
2371:
2361:
2349:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2214:
2203:
2199:Dromornithidae
2192:
2181:
2170:
2164:
2159:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1965:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1894:
1887:
1886:External links
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1865:
1850:
1843:
1805:
1791:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1744:
1724:
1697:(4): 461–469.
1677:
1664:
1655:
1636:(3): 962–968.
1612:
1605:
1574:
1547:
1520:
1481:Chendytes lawi
1469:
1450:(1): 233–255.
1425:
1406:(4): 407–418.
1390:
1377:
1351:
1322:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1202:
1199:
1156:
1153:
1120:
1117:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
980:
975:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
956:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
915:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
891:
886:
884:
879:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
852:
851:
847:
846:
843:
842:
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
816:
811:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
773:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:
755:
754:
750:
749:
746:
745:
741:
740:
737:
736:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
710:
705:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
686:
681:
679:
674:
672:
667:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:
631:
630:
626:
625:
622:
621:
617:
616:
613:
612:
608:
607:
604:
603:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
577:
572:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
553:
548:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
534:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
520:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
495:
490:
488:
483:
481:
476:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
457:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
433:
428:
426:
421:
419:
414:
412:
404:
383:(and even the
365:
364:
362:Camptorhynchus
338:
310:
307:
275:
274:
266:
265:
258:
244:
243:
237:
236:
228:
226:
222:
221:
211:Camptorhynchus
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
116:
115:
106: (~1878)
95:
92:
91:
82: (~1878)
72:
69:
68:
63:
60:
59:
52:
51:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Labrador duck
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4362:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3958:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3476:Plectropterus
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2624:Paranyrocidae
2618:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2568:Anseranatidae
2565:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:Paakniwatavis
2394:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:sensu stricto
2338:
2334:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2318:Anachronornis
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2161:Anserimorphae
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:Anserimorphae
2144:
2140:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2103:Anserimorphae
2100:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1877:0-395-46727-6
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:0-8014-3954-X
1859:
1855:
1854:Extinct Birds
1851:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1803:1-58542-006-9
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:Chilton, Glen
1774:
1773:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1563:on 2015-02-15
1562:
1558:
1551:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:overharvested
1218:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:and northern
1138:
1134:
1133:United States
1130:
1126:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1095:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
986:
979:
978:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
962:
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
938:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
921:
914:
913:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
897:
890:
889:
883:
882:
876:
875:
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
845:
844:
841:
840:
839:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
822:
815:
814:
808:
807:
804:
803:
800:
799:
798:
791:
790:
784:
783:
777:
776:
770:
769:
766:
765:
757:
756:
748:
747:
739:
738:
735:
734:
733:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
716:
709:
708:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
692:
685:
684:
678:
677:
671:
670:
664:
663:
660:
659:
651:
650:
642:
641:
633:
632:
624:
623:
615:
614:
606:
605:
602:
601:
600:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
583:
576:
575:
569:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
559:
552:
551:
545:
544:
541:
540:
532:
531:
523:
522:
519:
518:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
501:
494:
493:
487:
486:
480:
479:
473:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
463:
456:
455:
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
439:
432:
431:
425:
424:
418:
417:
411:
408:
407:
403:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
370:
363:
359:
358:
353:
352:
347:
343:
339:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:
326:
324:
315:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:
282:
281:Labrador duck
272:
267:
262:
256:
254:
245:
242:
241:Binomial name
238:
234:
233:
227:
224:
223:
218:
213:
212:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
126:
121:
117:
111:
105:
93:
87:
81:
70:
66:
61:
58:
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3985:
3931:
3911:
3906:Sibirionetta
3904:
3897:
3887:
3880:
3860:
3855:Shiriyanetta
3853:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3810:Histrionicus
3808:
3801:
3794:
3784:
3774:
3754:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3685:
3678:
3668:
3661:
3656:Marmaronetta
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3622:
3612:
3602:
3594:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3565:Anabernicula
3563:
3553:
3546:
3522:
3512:
3505:
3500:Sarkidiornis
3498:
3491:
3486:Pleistoanser
3484:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3433:
3425:Hymenolaimus
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3392:
3385:
3375:
3365:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3315:
3305:
3295:
3288:
3278:
3271:
3260:
3249:
3242:
3237:Bonibernicla
3235:
3225:
3217:Anserobranta
3215:
3205:
3198:
3188:
3165:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3110:Thalassornis
3108:
3101:
3081:
3076:Romainvillia
3074:
3067:
3043:
3034:Thambetochen
3032:
3021:
3010:
3000:
2989:
2978:
2968:
2957:
2946:
2935:
2925:
2914:
2903:
2892:
2882:
2871:
2860:
2849:
2838:
2827:
2817:
2806:
2795:
2785:
2776:Bambolinetta
2774:
2764:
2753:
2745:Allgoviachen
2743:
2732:
2631:
2595:
2585:
2575:
2554:
2514:
2507:
2497:
2477:
2450:
2439:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2377:
2366:
2355:
2340:
2337:Anseriformes
2323:
2316:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2243:
2219:
2208:
2197:
2186:
2176:
2006:Galloanserae
2004:Superorder:
1995:
1898:
1868:
1853:
1846:
1822:
1816:
1794:
1788:1-43910247-3
1779:
1754:
1734:
1727:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1658:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1615:
1591:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:the original
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:the original
1523:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1447:
1441:
1428:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1365:Star Gazette
1364:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:
1332:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1299:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1248:
1221:
1188:
1169:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1000:
999:
983:
982:
959:
958:
935:
934:
918:
917:
894:
893:
836:
835:
819:
818:
795:
794:
730:
729:
713:
712:
689:
688:
597:
596:
580:
579:
556:
555:
516:
514:
498:
497:
460:
459:
436:
435:
397:
392:
389:evolutionary
374:
366:
361:
355:
351:Histrionicus
349:
329:
320:
285:
284:
280:
278:
252:
247:
231:
230:
210:
209:
177:Anseriformes
18:
4225:NatureServe
4173:iNaturalist
4010:Wikispecies
3756:Tirarinetta
3732:Heteronetta
3705:Salvadorina
3614:Dunstanetta
3387:Brantadorna
3327:Megalodytes
3307:Cygnopterus
3200:Annakacygna
3167:Stictonetta
3140:Manuherikia
3103:Dendrocygna
3083:Saintandrea
3002:Tagayanetta
2980:Sharganetta
2970:Selenonetta
2873:Heteroanser
2851:Garganornis
2819:Cousteauvia
2653:See below ↓
2597:Eoanseranas
2441:Proherodius
2410:Palaeopapia
2379:Headonornis
2325:Danielsavis
2274:Proherodius
2267:Presbyornis
2260:Murgonornis
2252:Headonornis
2091:Maniraptora
2076:Maniraptora
1825:(1): 4–12.
1493:: 102–109.
1315:12 November
1129:New England
1089:Description
377:surf scoter
193:Subfamily:
110:NatureServe
4299:Categories
4277:Xeno-canto
3845:Polysticta
3817:Lophodytes
3712:Speculanas
3698:Rhodonessa
3687:Pteronetta
3680:Pinpanetta
3642:Lophonetta
3604:Chenonetta
3586:Callonetta
3572:Asarcornis
3555:Amazonetta
3462:Nannonetta
3452:Miotadorna
3442:Merganetta
3411:Chloephaga
3404:Centrornis
3358:Tadorninae
3347:Presbychen
3337:Paracygnus
3273:Cnemiornis
3190:Afrocygnus
3133:Dendrochen
2840:Eutelornis
2829:Eonerornis
2734:Aldabranas
2633:Paranyroca
2556:Anatalavis
2509:Chainkanas
2479:Chaunoides
2357:Agnopterus
2281:Telmabates
2245:Bumbalavis
2221:Vegaviidae
2112:see below↓
2000:Neognathae
1958:Genera of
1606:0871137976
1567:2014-10-24
1540:24 October
1400:The Condor
1271:References
1201:Extinction
1125:New Jersey
336:mergansers
323:metacarpal
261:Gmelin, JF
3862:Somateria
3831:Mergellus
3824:Melanitta
3796:Chendytes
3776:Bucephala
3635:Lavadytis
3624:Eoneornis
3596:Chenoanas
3507:Tachyeres
3418:Cyanochen
3367:Alopochen
3317:Eremochen
3280:Coscoroba
3251:Cereopsis
3178:Anserinae
3023:Teleornis
2959:Ptaiochen
2916:Nogusunna
2862:Helonetta
2766:Awengkere
2755:Ankonetta
2612:Anatoidea
2587:Anserpica
2577:Anseranas
2490:Anhimidae
2288:Teviornis
2188:Gastornis
2178:Conflicto
2064:Theropoda
2049:Theropoda
1977:Kingdom:
1960:waterfowl
1711:0004-8038
1650:1938-4254
1195:blue duck
393:Melanitta
331:Bucephala
225:Species:
217:Bonaparte
143:Kingdom:
137:Eukaryota
102:Presumed
4320:Merginae
4230:2.101134
4217:22680418
4191:10840879
4139:45510591
4090:22680418
4085:BirdLife
4074:BioLib:
3995:Wikidata
3924:Aythyini
3803:Clangula
3723:Oxyurini
3670:Nettapus
3535:Anatinae
3524:Tamtamia
3435:Kaikenia
3290:Cygnavus
3262:Chenopis
3147:Mionetta
3045:Wasonaka
3012:Talpanas
2937:Proanser
2927:Notochen
2894:Loxornis
2717:Anatidae
2704:Anatidae
2644:Anatidae
2452:Wunketru
1985:Chordata
1983:Phylum:
1979:Animalia
1918:Archived
1778:(2009):
1515:29247849
1344:31 March
1254:See also
1176:lamellae
1172:molluscs
1137:Labrador
379:and the
357:Clangula
334:and the
309:Taxonomy
289:) is an
197:Merginae
187:Anatidae
183:Family:
157:Chordata
153:Phylum:
147:Animalia
133:Domain:
86:IUCN 3.1
4165:5232436
4062:Avibase
4001:Q578813
3913:Spatula
3899:Matanas
3873:Anatini
3767:Mergini
3739:Nomonyx
3579:Biziura
3514:Tadorna
3469:Neochen
3394:Cairina
3227:Asiavis
2991:Sinanas
2531:Anseres
2463:Anhimae
2368:Eonessa
1989:Class:
1839:4067622
1719:4081357
1691:The Auk
1630:The Auk
1495:Bibcode
1464:1368999
1420:1367191
1370:23 June
1229:mussels
1182:/North
1180:Pacific
1119:Habitat
1108:trachea
410:Mergini
346:scoters
295:endemic
291:extinct
263:, 1789)
250:†
229:†
203:Genus:
173:Order:
163:Class:
108: (
104:Extinct
84: (
80:Extinct
4269:159202
4256:159202
4243:399386
4204:175151
4147:EURING
4126:labduc
4100:labduc
4049:ARKive
4029:labduc
3933:Aythya
3889:Mareca
3838:Mergus
3746:Oxyura
3493:Radjah
3297:Cygnus
3244:Branta
2797:Cayaoa
2516:Chauna
2499:Anhima
2295:Wilaru
1875:
1860:
1837:
1801:
1786:
1742:
1717:
1709:
1648:
1603:
1513:
1462:
1443:Condor
1418:
1141:Quebec
360:, and
342:eiders
219:, 1838
55:Male,
4315:Ducks
4264:WoRMS
4186:IRMNG
4121:eBird
4097:BOW:
4077:97231
3663:Netta
3207:Anser
2420:Peioa
1996:Clade
1835:JSTOR
1813:(PDF)
1715:JSTOR
1597:60–61
1460:JSTOR
1438:(PDF)
1416:JSTOR
1184:Asian
4251:OBIS
4238:NCBI
4212:IUCN
4199:ITIS
4178:7180
4160:GBIF
4152:2100
4113:QFYD
3882:Anas
2089:see
2062:see
2035:see
1991:Aves
1873:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1707:ISSN
1646:ISSN
1601:ISBN
1542:2014
1511:PMID
1372:2017
1346:2022
1317:2021
1300:2016
1155:Diet
1127:and
340:The
279:The
167:Aves
4134:EoL
4108:CoL
4036:ADW
4025:ABA
3548:Aix
1827:doi
1818:Auk
1699:doi
1638:doi
1634:124
1503:doi
1491:122
1452:doi
1408:doi
1304:doi
395:).
4301::
4279::
4266::
4253::
4240::
4227::
4214::
4201::
4188::
4175::
4162::
4149::
4136::
4123::
4110::
4087::
4064::
4051::
4038::
4027::
4012::
3997::
2382:"?
1998::
1833:.
1823:11
1821:.
1815:.
1713:.
1705:.
1695:70
1693:.
1689:.
1644:.
1632:.
1628:.
1626:)"
1599:.
1577:^
1509:.
1501:.
1489:.
1485:.
1458:.
1448:97
1446:.
1440:.
1414:.
1404:80
1402:.
1363:.
1337:.
1298:.
1292:.
354:,
348:,
344:,
3895:†
3851:†
3792:†
3782:†
3752:†
3695:?
3693:†
3676:†
3631:†
3627:?
3620:†
3610:†
3599:?
3592:†
3561:†
3520:†
3482:†
3458:†
3448:†
3431:†
3400:†
3383:†
3373:†
3343:†
3333:†
3323:†
3313:†
3303:†
3286:†
3269:†
3265:"
3259:"
3257:†
3233:†
3223:†
3213:†
3196:†
3186:†
3121:†
3057:†
3048:?
3041:†
3037:?
3030:†
3026:?
3019:†
3015:?
3008:†
2998:†
2994:?
2987:†
2983:?
2976:†
2966:†
2962:?
2955:†
2951:?
2944:†
2940:?
2933:†
2923:†
2919:?
2912:†
2908:?
2901:†
2897:?
2890:†
2880:†
2876:?
2869:†
2865:?
2858:†
2854:?
2847:†
2843:?
2836:†
2832:?
2825:†
2815:†
2811:?
2804:†
2800:?
2793:†
2783:†
2779:?
2772:†
2762:†
2758:?
2751:†
2741:†
2737:?
2730:†
2621:†
2593:†
2583:†
2559:?
2552:†
2505:†
2475:†
2448:†
2444:?
2437:†
2433:?
2426:†
2416:†
2406:†
2396:†
2386:†
2376:"
2374:†
2364:†
2360:?
2353:†
2328:?
2306:†
2255:?
2233:†
2224:?
2217:†
2213:?
2206:†
2202:?
2195:†
2191:?
2184:†
2174:†
1951:e
1944:t
1937:v
1841:.
1829::
1790:.
1762:.
1748:.
1721:.
1701::
1652:.
1640::
1609:.
1572:.
1570:.
1544:.
1517:.
1505::
1497::
1466:.
1454::
1422:.
1410::
1374:.
1348:.
1331:"
1319:.
1306::
1290:"
1286:"
515:†
283:(
259:(
207:†
112:)
88:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(8365390008).jpg)
