138:
113:
349:. The relationships of the Amphisbaenia to other lizards have long been a mystery; although superficially snakelike, their anatomy and locomotion is quite distinct from that of snakes, Amphisbaenia have a reduced right lung as opposed to snakes which have their left lung reduced. However, they do not closely resemble any other group of lizards. Recent molecular studies suggest that amphisbaenians are grouped with the Lacertidae, in a group named the Lacertibaenia.
1035:
352:
Lacertoids have a wide geographic distribution. The
Lacertidae are found throughout Europe and Asia, with a major radiation endemic to Africa. The Teiidae are diverse in South America, but some members of the group occur in southern North America as well. The Amphisbaenia are especially widespread,
372:
Within the
Laterata there are many species listed on IUCN Redlist conservation status. This family listed 5 species extinct, 31 species critically endangered, 53 species endangered, 40 species vulnerable, 53 species near threatened, and 569 species as least concerned.
470:
Wiens, J. J., Hutter, C. R., Mulcahy, D. G., Noonan, B. P., Townsend, T. M., Sites, J. W., & Reeder, T. W. (2012). Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species. Biology
Letters, 8(6),
458:
Gauthier, Jacques A., et al. "Assembling the squamate tree of life: Perspectives from the phenotype and the fossil record." Bulletin of the
Peabody Museum of Natural History 53.1 (2012): 3-308.
359:, from the early Paleocene of North America. Given that it resembles modern worm lizards, the lacertoids most likely appeared and diversified in the Cretaceous. However,
353:
occurring in North
America, Europe, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. The origins of the group are unclear. The oldest definitive lacertoid is the amphisbaenian
330:, "referring to the presence of tile-like (squarish or quadrangular, and sometimes raised) scales that form the rings in Amphisbaenia, and are also present ventrally in
681:
355:
331:
1153:
335:
1158:
508:
393:
Evans, S.E.; Jones, M.E.H.; Matsumoto, R. (2012). "A new lizard skull from the
Purbeck Limestone Group (Lower Cretaceous) of England".
345:; however, more recent studies focusing on DNA have placed them as a distinct group of lizards, more closely related to the venomous
421:
1148:
1039:
422:"The phylogeny of squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) inferred from nine nuclear protein-coding genes"
1143:
480:
Gans, C. (1978) The characteristics and affinities of the
Amphisbaenia. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1978) 34:347-416.
322:. The finding from molecular phylogenetic studies that the burrowing Amphisbaenia were nested in a clade with the
501:
326:
forms led Vidal & Hedges (2005) to propose a new name for the group based on shared morphogical characters,
137:
494:
1050:
1088:
1138:
1110:
8:
265:
132:
1097:
612:
441:
1102:
919:
694:
602:
587:
433:
402:
315:
281:
1073:
962:
929:
872:
592:
406:
1002:
939:
909:
852:
827:
822:
799:
779:
717:
689:
635:
437:
276:
1132:
957:
947:
914:
901:
877:
842:
832:
769:
764:
742:
597:
259:
228:
70:
112:
1017:
982:
882:
857:
784:
709:
445:
319:
253:
242:
1082:
1007:
992:
972:
924:
862:
837:
794:
756:
737:
645:
607:
121:
45:
997:
977:
671:
630:
622:
582:
365:
360:
346:
307:
247:
219:
90:
55:
952:
892:
867:
847:
774:
722:
564:
149:
95:
39:
28:
1044:
486:
1067:
1034:
987:
817:
789:
732:
727:
655:
548:
536:
517:
303:
189:
169:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
32:
341:
Studies of anatomy have traditionally grouped the lacertoids with
1115:
809:
699:
542:
311:
286:
236:
179:
100:
75:
967:
530:
323:
159:
1012:
640:
574:
342:
392:
369:may be a lacertoid, and would be the oldest known.
1130:
466:
464:
502:
461:
419:
395:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France
388:
386:
509:
495:
111:
383:
1131:
1049:
1048:
516:
490:
1154:Taxa named by Nicolaus Michael Oppel
13:
1159:Extant Selandian first appearances
14:
1170:
1033:
420:Vidal, N.; Hedges, S.B. (2005).
136:
43:
474:
452:
413:
1:
376:
7:
1149:Selandian first appearances
407:10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.517
306:reptiles that includes the
10:
1175:
438:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.10.001
1057:
938:
900:
891:
808:
755:
708:
680:
667:
654:
621:
573:
557:
525:
214:
209:
133:Scientific classification
131:
119:
110:
23:
1144:Vertebrate superfamilies
16:Superfamily of lizards
432:(10–11): 1000–1008.
266:Polyglyphanodontia
1126:
1125:
1051:Taxon identifiers
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
751:
750:
682:Gymnophthalmoidea
613:Sphaerodactylidae
296:
295:
272:Gymnophthalmoidea
205:
1166:
1119:
1118:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1046:
1045:
1038:Data related to
1037:
920:Leptotyphlopidae
898:
897:
695:Gymnophthalmidae
665:
664:
603:Phyllodactylidae
588:Carphodactylidae
511:
504:
497:
488:
487:
481:
478:
472:
468:
459:
456:
450:
449:
417:
411:
410:
390:
316:Gymnophthalmidae
282:Gymnophthalmidae
203:
141:
140:
115:
105:
42:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1053:
1042:at Wikispecies
1031:
1022:
983:Cylindrophiidae
963:Atractaspididae
934:
930:Xenotyphlopidae
887:
873:Phrynosomatidae
804:
747:
704:
676:
650:
617:
593:Diplodactylidae
569:
553:
521:
515:
485:
484:
479:
475:
469:
462:
457:
453:
426:C. R. Biologies
418:
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384:
379:
202:
135:
106:
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103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1172:
1162:
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1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1107:
1094:
1079:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1003:Tropidophiidae
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
942:
940:Alethinophidia
936:
935:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
910:Anomalepididae
906:
904:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
853:Leiocephalidae
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
828:Corytophanidae
825:
823:Chamaeleonidae
820:
814:
812:
806:
805:
803:
802:
800:Diploglossidae
797:
792:
787:
782:
780:Helodermatidae
777:
772:
767:
761:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
718:Amphisbaenidae
714:
712:
706:
705:
703:
702:
697:
692:
690:Alopoglossidae
686:
684:
678:
677:
675:
674:
668:
662:
652:
651:
649:
648:
643:
638:
636:Gerrhosauridae
633:
627:
625:
619:
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616:
615:
610:
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600:
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585:
579:
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571:
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567:
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526:
523:
522:
514:
513:
506:
499:
491:
483:
482:
473:
460:
451:
412:
401:(6): 517–524.
381:
380:
378:
375:
356:Plesiorhineura
332:Lacertiformata
302:is a group of
294:
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
279:
277:Alopoglossidae
269:
262:
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129:
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126:Lacerta agilis
117:
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108:
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94:
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26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1171:
1160:
1157:
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1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1117:
1112:
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1080:
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1062:
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1036:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
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996:
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991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Anomochilidae
956:
954:
951:
949:
948:Acrochordidae
946:
945:
943:
941:
937:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
915:Gerrhopilidae
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
903:
902:Scolecophidia
899:
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
879:
878:Polychrotidae
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Hoplocercidae
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Crotaphytidae
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
811:
807:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Lanthanotidae
768:
766:
765:Shinisauridae
763:
762:
760:
758:
754:
744:
743:Trogonophidae
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
711:
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679:
673:
670:
669:
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653:
647:
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642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
624:
620:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Eublepharidae
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
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580:
578:
576:
572:
566:
563:
562:
560:
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357:
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344:
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333:
329:
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321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
267:
263:
261:
260:Barbatteiidae
257:
255:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
238:
233:
231:
230:
229:Cryptolacerta
225:
222:
221:
216:
215:
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208:
201:
198:
196:Superfamily:
195:
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191:
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185:
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109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
34:
30:
22:
19:
1058:
1032:
1018:Xenopeltidae
883:Tropiduridae
858:Leiosauridae
785:Xenosauridae
710:Amphisbaenia
659:
476:
454:
429:
425:
415:
398:
394:
371:
364:
354:
351:
340:
327:
320:Amphisbaenia
299:
297:
271:
254:Eolacertidae
243:Amphisbaenia
235:
227:
218:
199:
125:
18:
1139:Lacertoidea
1089:Lacertoidea
1083:Wikispecies
1059:Lacertoidea
1040:Lacertoidea
1008:Uropeltidae
993:Loxocemidae
973:Bolyeriidae
925:Typhlopidae
863:Liolaemidae
838:Dactyloidae
795:Anniellidae
757:Anguimorpha
738:Rhineuridae
660:Lacertoidea
646:Xantusiidae
608:Pygopodidae
300:Lacertoidea
204:Oppel, 1811
200:Lacertoidea
122:sand lizard
1133:Categories
998:Pythonidae
978:Colubridae
672:Lacertidae
631:Cordylidae
623:Scincoidea
583:Gekkonidae
471:1043-1046.
377:References
366:Purbicella
361:Berriasian
347:Toxicofera
336:Teiformata
308:Lacertidae
248:Lacertidae
220:Purbicella
210:Subgroups
38:84–0
24:Lacertoids
1074:Q13518423
1013:Viperidae
953:Aniliidae
893:Serpentes
868:Opluridae
848:Iguanidae
775:Varanidae
723:Bipedidae
641:Scincidae
565:Dibamidae
529:Kingdom:
156:Kingdom:
150:Eukaryota
29:Campanian
1116:12132059
1068:Wikidata
988:Elapidae
818:Agamidae
790:Anguidae
733:Cadeidae
728:Blanidae
656:Laterata
549:Squamata
543:Reptilia
537:Chordata
535:Phylum:
531:Animalia
520:families
518:Squamata
446:16286089
328:Laterata
304:squamate
190:Squamata
180:Reptilia
170:Chordata
166:Phylum:
160:Animalia
146:Domain:
33:Holocene
810:Iguania
700:Teiidae
575:Gekkota
558:Dibamia
547:Order:
541:Class:
312:Teiidae
287:Teiidae
237:Slavoia
186:Order:
176:Class:
968:Boidae
444:
363:taxon
343:skinks
324:lizard
318:, and
1103:8SF9P
442:PMID
334:and
298:The
46:PreꞒ
1111:EoL
1098:CoL
434:doi
430:328
403:doi
399:183
338:".
1135::
1113::
1100::
1085::
1070::
658:/
463:^
440:.
428:.
424:.
397:.
385:^
314:,
310:,
124:,
120:A
96:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
510:e
503:t
496:v
448:.
436::
409:.
405::
268:?
264:†
258:†
252:†
234:†
226:†
223:?
217:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
31:–
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