387:
429:
395:
36:
2625:
1702:
52:
2892:
3760:
2637:
571:
2613:
602:, is one; Michigan City Road through Riverdale, Dolton, and Calumet City, Illinois, is another; LaGrange Road is another; Riverside Drive in Riverside; Ridgeland Avenue in Oak Park, or Grosse Point Road, Carpenter Road, and Ridge Avenue (The Rosehill Spit) in the Rogers Park/West Ridge neighborhood of Chicago, north of Devon Avenue and continuing north through Evanston, Illinois, are some others.
59:
745:
2601:
544:
The outlet channel is more than 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and cuts through glacial deposits. Near the head of the channel, rock layers have been cut through. It is probable that the distinct beaches from Lake
Chicago are the result of these rock layers giving way rapidly, dropping the lake level from
561:
northward across the Lake
Chicago, the lake bed extends 10 to 25 miles (16 to 40 km) inland. The widest expanse is almost entirely fine sand. There is more sand than clay in a narrow strip along the shore. The clayey portions have till at only a few inches depth. The offshore winds along the
545:
higher to lower levels. After each stage, the next barrier remained solid, holding the lake stable and creating distinct beaches. If the outlet were formed by a steady erosion of the barrier, it would have been less likely that the well-defined beaches would have been created.
440:
valley, the waters in the Lake Huron and Lake Erie basin diverted from the
Michigan outlet, leaving Lake Chicago as a headwaters lake. Continued northward migration of the glacier set the stage for the next major proglacial lakes in the Lake Michigan basin as
586:
and beach lines—particularly at the southern tip of Lake
Michigan—were left behind by each of the three stages of lake level drop. Today, evidence of these vast sand deposits is still clearly visible. Northern Indiana, for example, contains the
548:
Along the eastern shore of Lake
Michigan, the beaches of Lake Chicago have been destroyed by erosion, except the highest beach, much of which has also been destroyed. The best remaining segments are along the southern tip of Lake Michigan in Indiana.
500:
occurred and the water level in Lake
Chicago began to drop in three observable stages of 15 to 20 feet (5–6 m) each. Eventually even the outlet to the southwest dried up, and the Des Plaines River overflowed into the basin that became Lake Michigan.
796:
Publication 9. Geological Series 7; Surface
Geology and Agricultural Conditions of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan; Frank Leverett with a Chapter on Climate by C. F. Schneider; Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Lansing Michigan;
529:, which is 55 feet (17 m) to 60 feet (18 m) above the level of Lake Michigan. There are two additional beaches formed when the Des Plaines outlet was abandoned for other outlets to the north and east: the
1548:
537:
20 feet (6.1 m) to 25 feet (7.6 m) above Lake
Michigan. The name Lake Chicago is used for the lake when it drains through the Des Plaines outlet. The Calumet and Tolleston Beach lake is
402:
The ice continued northward forming the next phase of Lake
Chicago. The lake level remained at 640' above sea level, but the ice margin was a third of the way north, opening a channel across
323:, or at 18th Street and Damen Avenue in Chicago. Evidence may also be found in the fossils in the Niagara limestone bedrock found throughout the Chicago area and extending all the way to
288:
lies in a broad plain that, hundreds of millions of years ago, was part of a great interior basin covered by warm, shallow seas. These seas covered portions of North
America from the
334:
crept four times down across the continent, covering the region with ice to a depth of a mile (1500 m) or more. As the climate changed, the ice melted, the last great ice flow (the
1596:
1518:
2039:
2197:
347:
2763:
2823:
380:
2849:
2070:
1737:
1508:
3100:
1636:
342:
period, which covered much of northern half of North America) retreated, and an outlet for the melting water developed through the Sag River and the
778:
The Illinois Ice Lobe; Frank Leverett; U.S. Geological Survey, Monograph, #38; Government Printing Office; Washington, D.C.; 1899, Plates 14, 16, 53
104:
3799:
3546:
376:
1651:
1538:
2049:
1396:
1333:
3814:
3540:
3784:
1558:
816:
Willman, W.B. 1971. Summary of the Geology of the Chicago Area. Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, IL. Circular 460. 77 pages.
721:
2891:
1730:
367:
The earliest formation of Lake Chicago occurred when the Michigan Lobe of the glacier retreated northward into the basin of modern
1606:
726:
3474:
3450:
3438:
1389:
1266:
510:
51:
3093:
1673:
810:
Bretz, J.H. 1939. Geology of the Chicago Region, Part 1 - General. Illinois State Geological Survey, Bulletin 65. 118 pages.
1328:
846:
813:
Killey, Myrna M. 1998. Illinois' Ice Age Legacy. Illinois State Geological Survey GeoScience Education Series 14. 66 pages.
3480:
1723:
1688:
1586:
591:, and many of the Chicago area's trails and roads follow some of these ancient beach lines or ridges in the sand spits.
513:
retreated northward, the area of Lake Chicago increased. Lake Chicago’s initial outlet was to the southwest through the
276:. Formed about 13,000 years ago and fed by retreating glaciers, it drained southwest through the Chicago Outlet River.
2674:
1315:
994:
251:; Frank Leverett and Frank B. Taylor; Monographs of the United States Geological Survey; Volume LIII; Washington; 1915
3720:
1678:
1563:
354:
poured through those valleys, eventually leaving behind the prehistoric Lake Chicago, the ancestor of Lake Michigan.
764:
Bulletin 4, The GLACIAL LAKES around Michigan; William R. Farrand, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 1988
3710:
3413:
3086:
1656:
705:
386:
428:
3407:
1553:
1543:
599:
457:
Extending somewhat further south, west and east than Lake Michigan, Lake Chicago extended west to present day
3819:
3026:
1946:
398:
Map of Glacial lakes Whittlesey, Saginaw and Chicago, based on the USGS Report of 1915, Chicago is lower left
3789:
3141:
2375:
1513:
1503:
557:
Lake Chicago covered only a narrow strip of land on the south and east side of modern Lake Michigan. From
394:
3794:
3504:
1384:
3650:
3377:
2723:
2448:
2438:
1816:
1785:
1379:
562:
east shore of Lake Michigan have created sand dunes, burying the older glacial beaches and lake beds.
390:
Early Lake Chicago at the edge of the ice sheet, near the head of the Chicago Outlet River, lower left
3804:
3715:
3371:
3146:
2908:
2585:
2569:
2534:
1370:
1345:
1338:
1293:
1045:
35:
2801:
3670:
3462:
3401:
1467:
839:
3419:
2914:
1646:
1621:
1591:
1288:
1004:
1715:
3809:
3552:
3456:
3395:
3383:
3181:
3068:
2939:
2755:
2667:
2559:
2286:
2281:
1626:
1528:
1271:
1217:
1024:
3695:
3630:
3528:
3306:
3260:
3121:
3031:
2876:
2779:
2696:
2691:
2539:
2524:
2355:
2251:
2246:
2134:
2124:
2064:
2044:
1666:
1477:
1422:
1187:
1154:
671:
603:
446:
432:
Map of Glacial Lakes Duluth, Chicago, and Lundy (USGS 1915), the Chicago Outlet is lower left
162:
141:
3705:
3660:
3498:
3176:
3131:
3126:
2759:
2751:
2732:
2192:
1487:
1462:
1222:
155:
731:
8:
3655:
3444:
3355:
3051:
2985:
2966:
2962:
2933:
2841:
2767:
2728:
2718:
1533:
1523:
1482:
1303:
1283:
1259:
832:
647:
638:
607:
534:
458:
312:
223:
2481:
3735:
3730:
3665:
3004:
1661:
1472:
1401:
1254:
1040:
1019:
1009:
657:
628:
526:
493:
462:
148:
3219:
2747:
488:
continued to retreat, it created new outlets for the water in Lake Chicago, including
3763:
3740:
3635:
3321:
3209:
2815:
2807:
2789:
2775:
2771:
2660:
2267:
1764:
1641:
1581:
1350:
1055:
633:
595:
558:
530:
514:
485:
470:
466:
343:
335:
324:
2519:
3270:
2977:
2845:
2797:
2793:
2605:
2360:
2305:
2256:
2241:
1611:
1088:
961:
931:
533:, about 35 feet (11 m) to 40 feet (12 m) above the current lake, and the
474:
414:
351:
320:
3609:
3578:
3510:
3492:
3250:
3229:
3151:
3136:
2837:
2829:
2785:
2458:
2153:
2100:
2029:
1844:
1749:
1323:
1249:
1129:
1103:
1072:
1060:
987:
623:
579:
411:
316:
261:
706:
http://lwr.state.wi.us/subcategory.asp?linksubcatid=440&linkcatid=481&li
3745:
3614:
3573:
3041:
3036:
3021:
2954:
2617:
2370:
2365:
2213:
2202:
2182:
2177:
2110:
2085:
2034:
1998:
1993:
1901:
1854:
1616:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1365:
1164:
1050:
999:
926:
921:
911:
824:
676:
652:
538:
522:
518:
442:
293:
176:
19:
This article is about the prehistoric lake. Not to be confused with the modern
3778:
3725:
3690:
3522:
3516:
3486:
3468:
3389:
3331:
3280:
3265:
3224:
2833:
2819:
2811:
2740:
2641:
2471:
2433:
2403:
2398:
2276:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2187:
2158:
2014:
1988:
1896:
1891:
1849:
1417:
1355:
1298:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1207:
1159:
890:
880:
749:
681:
666:
588:
489:
478:
368:
331:
269:
265:
169:
119:
106:
80:
20:
1549:
Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement
3675:
3640:
3156:
3046:
2629:
2544:
2476:
2466:
2339:
2325:
2119:
2080:
2075:
1965:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1839:
1806:
1801:
1769:
1706:
1631:
1457:
1432:
1360:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1124:
1065:
982:
966:
906:
885:
610:
were, literally, islands left behind as Lake Chicago's water level fell.
497:
437:
407:
289:
3078:
249:
The Pleistocene of Indiana and Michigan and the History of the Great Lakes
136:
3700:
3685:
3680:
3534:
3326:
3214:
3171:
2996:
2736:
2529:
2443:
2428:
2408:
2334:
2315:
2226:
2168:
2144:
2090:
2059:
2054:
2024:
2004:
1980:
1970:
1941:
1746:
1683:
1452:
1169:
1108:
1014:
916:
855:
339:
273:
90:
819:
3604:
3583:
3316:
3275:
3166:
2950:
2713:
2705:
2564:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2390:
2380:
2310:
2296:
2129:
2095:
1859:
1601:
1212:
1093:
956:
875:
418:
149:
2636:
594:
For example, Ridge Road from Homewood, Illinois, through Thornton and
163:
2925:
2900:
2868:
2499:
2019:
1956:
1875:
1276:
1134:
1098:
870:
422:
3588:
3296:
2860:
1811:
708:
nkid=). Lower Wisconsin State Riverway Board. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
403:
372:
308:
305:
371:, ca 13,000 years ago. The edge of the retreating glacier formed
3645:
3255:
3245:
3056:
2864:
2683:
1745:
748:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
285:
40:
Map of middle stage of glacial Lake Chicago, USGS Report of 1915.
570:
2491:
297:
3301:
3204:
2554:
583:
301:
3311:
2652:
2549:
1519:
Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program
820:
Oak Park - Ancient Lake Chicago & Continental Divide
598:, and then crossing the state border into Munster and
436:
When the ice retreated northward enough to open the
1509:
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers
16:Prehistoric lake from the Wisconsin Glacial Period
23:, on whose shores the city of Chicago is located.
3776:
854:
97:
3547:Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
774:
772:
770:
3094:
2668:
1731:
1539:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
840:
496:. As these outlets were developed, a partial
264:that is the ancestor of what is now known as
716:
714:
3541:Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area
3108:
781:
767:
3101:
3087:
2675:
2661:
1738:
1724:
847:
833:
760:
758:
711:
574:Stages of development of the Great Lakes.
296:. Evidence of these seas is found in the
569:
427:
393:
385:
727:Forest Preserve District of Cook County
350:, in the area known as the Palos. The
3777:
3475:Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail
3439:Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area
755:
3800:Geological history of the Great Lakes
3082:
2656:
1719:
828:
504:
363:13,000 to 11,000 years before present
552:
58:
3481:Ice Age National Scientific Reserve
1587:Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac
13:
3815:Glacial lakes of the United States
469:, completely covering what is now
14:
3831:
3785:Former lakes of the United States
3469:Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area
1334:Isle Royale National Park Islands
804:
3759:
3758:
3414:Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine
2890:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2599:
1700:
743:
730:. March 16, 1946. Archived from
379:in present-day Illinois and the
57:
50:
34:
3477:, Idaho, Oregon and Washington
1554:International Joint Commission
1544:Great Lakes Fishery Commission
698:
1:
3721:Huelmo–Mascardi Cold Reversal
3027:Greenhouse and icehouse Earth
1947:Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
691:
357:
304:, such as those unearthed in
3142:Glacial history of Minnesota
2682:
1514:Great Lakes Areas of Concern
1504:Alliance for the Great Lakes
509:As the Michigan Lobe of the
7:
3505:Kettle Moraine State Forest
3408:Lion's Head Provincial Park
1380:Province of Ontario Islands
613:
525:. The highest beach is the
190:18,000 years before present
10:
3836:
3651:Penultimate Glacial Period
3378:Big Rock (glacial erratic)
2724:Penultimate Glacial Period
1817:West Siberian Glacial Lake
473:, including the cities of
18:
3754:
3716:Late Glacial Interstadial
3623:
3597:
3566:
3495:, Minnesota and Wisconsin
3429:
3372:Arrowhead Provincial Park
3364:
3348:
3289:
3238:
3197:
3190:
3147:List of prehistoric lakes
3114:
3065:
3014:
2995:
2976:
2949:
2924:
2899:
2888:
2859:
2704:
2690:
2594:
2586:List of prehistoric lakes
2578:
2570:Great Tehuelche Paleolake
2512:
2490:
2457:
2389:
2348:
2324:
2295:
2265:
2211:
2167:
2143:
2109:
1979:
1955:
1921:
1914:
1884:
1868:
1832:
1825:
1794:
1778:
1757:
1697:
1652:Museum and historic ships
1574:
1496:
1410:
1385:State of Michigan Islands
1314:
1200:
1180:
1117:
1081:
1033:
975:
949:
940:
899:
863:
383:in Indiana and Michigan.
279:
244:
240:
232:
222:
214:
206:
202:241 mi (388 km)
198:
194:
186:
175:
161:
147:
135:
96:
86:
76:
45:
33:
28:
3671:Holocene glacial retreat
3463:Glacial Lakes State Park
3402:Foothills Erratics Train
1468:Midcontinent Rift System
578:Vast amounts of sand in
565:
517:valley, thence down the
218:160 ft (49 m)
3711:Bølling–Allerød warming
3451:Devil's Lake State Park
3420:Ovayok Territorial Park
3109:Continental glaciations
2915:Late Paleozoic icehouse
2040:Lake Houghton (glacial)
1289:Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal
452:
236:160 ft (49 m)
228:4000 years in existence
210:57 mi (92 km)
3553:Yosemite National Park
3457:Glacial Lake Wisconsin
3396:Eskers Provincial Park
3384:Cypress Hills (Canada)
3182:Timeline of glaciation
3069:Timeline of glaciation
2936:(579.88 to 579.63 Mya)
2282:Kankakee Outwash Plain
2198:Glacial Lake Sammamish
1637:Marine protected areas
1627:Lake Michigan Triangle
1529:Great Lakes Commission
1272:Sault Ste. Marie Canal
575:
433:
399:
391:
3696:Quaternary glaciation
3631:Quaternary glaciation
3529:Mill Bluff State Park
3493:Interstate State Park
3307:Giant current ripples
3122:Cordilleran ice sheet
3032:Great Oxidation Event
2247:Lake Jordan (Montana)
2135:Glacial Lake Missoula
2125:Glacial Lake Columbia
2065:Nipissing Great Lakes
2045:Glacial Lake Iroquois
1478:Nipissing Great Lakes
1423:Glacial Lake Iroquois
1329:Detroit River Islands
1294:Trent–Severn Waterway
672:Nipissing Great Lakes
604:Blue Island, Illinois
573:
447:Nipissing Great Lakes
431:
397:
389:
3820:Geography of Chicago
3706:Wisconsin glaciation
3661:Last Glacial Maximum
3177:Post-glacial rebound
3132:Last Glacial Maximum
3127:Laurentide ice sheet
2917:(360 Mya to 260 Mya)
2911:(460 Mya to 430 Mya)
2733:Last Glacial Maximum
2606:Geography portal
2376:Lake Nantucket Sound
2193:Glacial Lake Russell
1488:Wisconsin glaciation
1463:Last Glacial Maximum
1223:Great Lakes Waterway
704:"Geologic History" (
381:Lake Borders Moraine
156:Laurentide Ice Sheet
3790:Geology of Illinois
3691:Pre-Illinoian Stage
3656:Last Glacial Period
3445:Coteau des Prairies
3356:Greenland ice sheet
3052:Milankovitch cycles
2729:Last Glacial Period
1622:Lake Michigan–Huron
1534:Great Lakes Compact
1524:Great Lakes Charter
1483:Scotch Bonnet Ridge
1284:Straits of Mackinac
1260:St. Lawrence Seaway
648:Lake Border Moraine
639:Tolleston Shoreline
511:Labradorean Ice Cap
459:La Grange, Illinois
313:Stony Island Avenue
224:Residence time
116: /
3795:Geology of Indiana
3736:4.2 kiloyear event
3731:8.2 kiloyear event
3666:Mousterian Pluvial
3398:, British Columbia
2965:(717 to 660 Mya);
2942:(547 to 541.5 Mya)
2618:History portal
2071:Early Lake Ontario
1473:Niagara Escarpment
1402:Potawatomi Islands
1390:Lake Huron Islands
1255:St. Lawrence River
1041:Grand Traverse Bay
1020:St. Joseph Channel
1010:Potagannissing Bay
658:Valparaiso Moraine
629:Glenwood Shoreline
576:
527:Glenwood Shoreline
505:Outlet and beaches
494:St. Lawrence River
434:
400:
392:
260:was a prehistoric
3772:
3771:
3741:Piora Oscillation
3701:Sangamonian Stage
3562:
3561:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3076:
3075:
3007:(2.9 to 2.78 Gya)
2886:
2885:
2650:
2649:
2642:Oceans portal
2508:
2507:
2178:Glacial Lake Hood
2067:(Multiple basins)
2001:(Multiple basins)
1910:
1909:
1765:Lake Makgadikgadi
1713:
1712:
1642:Marysburgh vortex
1351:Manitoulin Island
1346:Lake Erie Islands
1196:
1195:
1056:Little Bay de Noc
734:on April 26, 2006
689:
688:
634:Calumet Shoreline
600:Highland, Indiana
596:Lansing, Illinois
553:Lake bed deposits
531:Calumet Shoreline
515:Des Plaines River
486:Wisconsin Glacier
471:Northwest Indiana
467:Lansing, Illinois
461:and south beyond
344:Des Plaines River
336:Wisconsin Glacier
325:Niagara, New York
255:
254:
233:Surface elevation
3827:
3805:Proglacial lakes
3762:
3761:
3362:
3361:
3287:
3286:
3271:Terminal moraine
3195:
3194:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3080:
3079:
2988:(2.4 to 2.1 Gya)
2978:Paleoproterozoic
2969:(650 to 635 Mya)
2894:
2702:
2701:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2640:
2639:
2630:Lakes portal
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2482:Lake San AgustĂn
2361:Lake Connecticut
2306:Lake Monongahela
2257:Lake Musselshell
2242:Lake Great Falls
1919:
1918:
1830:
1829:
1752:and related seas
1750:proglacial lakes
1740:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1707:Lakes portal
1705:
1704:
1703:
1612:Lake-effect snow
1411:Historic geology
1089:Hamilton Harbour
962:Presque Isle Bay
947:
946:
858:of North America
849:
842:
835:
826:
825:
798:
794:
779:
776:
765:
762:
753:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
718:
709:
702:
618:
617:
415:proglacial lakes
352:Kankakee Torrent
330:Much later, the
321:McCook, Illinois
165:
164:Primary outflows
151:
131:
130:
128:
127:
126:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
99:
61:
60:
54:
38:
26:
25:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3750:
3636:Illinoian Stage
3619:
3610:Lambert Glacier
3593:
3579:Killary Harbour
3558:
3511:Lake Bonneville
3431:
3425:
3360:
3336:
3285:
3234:
3230:U-shaped valley
3220:Roche moutonnée
3186:
3152:Proglacial lake
3137:Canadian Shield
3110:
3107:
3077:
3072:
3061:
3010:
2991:
2972:
2945:
2920:
2895:
2882:
2879:(34 to 2.5 Mya)
2867:
2863:
2855:
2695:
2686:
2681:
2651:
2646:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2574:
2504:
2486:
2459:Rio Grande rift
2453:
2385:
2344:
2320:
2291:
2261:
2207:
2163:
2154:Lake Bonneville
2139:
2105:
2101:Lake Whittlesey
2030:Early Lake Erie
1975:
1951:
1906:
1880:
1864:
1845:Baltic Ice Lake
1821:
1790:
1774:
1753:
1744:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1570:
1492:
1406:
1371:Treasure Island
1324:Apostle Islands
1310:
1267:St. Marys River
1250:St. Clair River
1192:
1176:
1130:Chequamegon Bay
1113:
1077:
1073:Manitou Passage
1061:Porte des Morts
1029:
988:Nottawasaga Bay
971:
942:
936:
900:Secondary lakes
895:
859:
853:
807:
802:
801:
795:
782:
777:
768:
763:
756:
744:
737:
735:
720:
719:
712:
703:
699:
694:
624:Chicago Portage
616:
568:
555:
535:Tolleston Beach
507:
455:
412:Lake Whittlesey
406:, draining the
360:
317:Thornton Quarry
282:
262:proglacial lake
179: countries
150:Primary inflows
124:
122:
118:
115:
110:
107:
105:
103:
102:
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
62:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3833:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3746:Little Ice Age
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3615:Ross Ice Shelf
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:Hardangerfjord
3570:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3499:Kelleys Island
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3447:, South Dakota
3442:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3386:, Saskatchewan
3381:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3359:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3210:Glacial striae
3207:
3201:
3199:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3042:Snowball Earth
3039:
3037:Little Ice Age
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:Glacial period
3018:
3016:
3015:Related topics
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2959:
2957:
2955:Snowball Earth
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2909:Andean-Saharan
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2871:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2852:(2.5 to 0 Mya)
2826:
2804:
2782:
2744:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2608:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:Lake Ballivián
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2371:Lake Merrimack
2368:
2366:Lake Hitchcock
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2287:Lake Wisconsin
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2214:Missouri River
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2203:Lake Skokomish
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Lake Nisqually
2180:
2174:
2172:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2111:Columbia River
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:Lake Tonawanda
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Lake Frontenac
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1999:Lake Algonquin
1996:
1994:Lake Admiralty
1991:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1902:Lake Pickering
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1855:Mastogloia Sea
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Lake freighter
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1575:Related topics
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1559:Municipalities
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Lake Frontenac
1445:
1440:
1438:Lake Algonquin
1435:
1430:
1428:Lake Admiralty
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1366:Lake Mindemoya
1363:
1358:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1165:Batchawana Bay
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:Big Bay de Noc
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Munuscong Lake
997:
992:
991:
990:
979:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
953:
951:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
901:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
865:
861:
860:
852:
851:
844:
837:
829:
823:
822:
817:
814:
811:
806:
805:External links
803:
800:
799:
780:
766:
754:
722:"Lake Chicago"
710:
696:
695:
693:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
679:
677:Lake Algonquin
674:
669:
662:
661:
660:
655:
653:Tinley Moraine
650:
643:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
615:
612:
567:
564:
554:
551:
539:Lake Algonquin
523:Gulf of Mexico
519:Illinois River
506:
503:
454:
451:
443:Lake Algonquin
359:
356:
346:Valley around
294:Gulf of Mexico
281:
278:
253:
252:
246:
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
226:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
173:
172:
167:
159:
158:
153:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
100:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
64:
63:
56:
55:
49:
48:
47:
46:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3832:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Lake Michigan
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3765:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:Younger Dryas
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3523:Lake Missoula
3521:
3518:
3517:Lake Lahontan
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3487:Ice Age Trail
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3390:Eramosa River
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:North America
3347:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3281:Veiki moraine
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Rogen moraine
3264:
3262:
3261:Pulju moraine
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Erratic block
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Tunnel valley
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2834:Pre-Illinoian
2831:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2812:Pre-Illinoian
2809:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:Younger Dryas
2738:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Late Cenozoic
2693:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:South America
2511:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:Lake Estancia
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2449:Lake Thompson
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Lake Panamint
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:Lake Corcoran
2402:
2400:
2399:Lake Cahuilla
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:Lake Cape Cod
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Lake Kankakee
2275:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:Lake McKenzie
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:Lake Glendive
2235:
2233:
2232:Lake Cut Bank
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Lake Chouteau
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Lake Puyallup
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2159:Lake Lahontan
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Lake Chippewa
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Champlain Sea
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1915:North America
1913:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Lake Lapworth
1895:
1893:
1892:Lake Harrison
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:Great Britain
1883:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Littorina Sea
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1786:Lake Washburn
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1708:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
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1577:
1573:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:Organizations
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Champlain Sea
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:Lake Kagawong
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:Welland Canal
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Nipigon River
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1233:Niagara River
1231:
1229:
1228:Chicago River
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Detroit River
1206:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:Whitefish Bay
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:North Channel
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
980:
978:
974:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
945:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
902:
898:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
862:
857:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
827:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
775:
773:
771:
761:
759:
751:
750:public domain
733:
729:
728:
723:
717:
715:
707:
701:
697:
683:
682:Lake Michigan
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
667:Lake Chippewa
665:
664:
663:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
644:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
620:
619:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
589:Indiana Dunes
585:
581:
572:
563:
560:
550:
546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
502:
499:
495:
491:
490:Niagara Falls
487:
482:
480:
479:Gary, Indiana
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
439:
430:
426:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
405:
396:
388:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:Lake Michigan
365:
364:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:polar ice cap
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
270:North America
267:
266:Lake Michigan
263:
259:
250:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
215:Average depth
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
187:First flooded
185:
182:United States
181:
178:
174:
171:
170:Chicago River
168:
166:
160:
157:
154:
152:
146:
143:
140:
138:
134:
129:
120:42.2°N 87.1°W
101:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
81:North America
79:
75:
53:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
21:Lake Michigan
3676:Oldest Dryas
3646:Interstadial
3641:Interglacial
3624:Time periods
3555:, California
3549:, Washington
3290:Glacifluvial
3239:Depositional
3162:Lake Chicago
3161:
3157:Lake Agassiz
3067:
3047:Interglacial
2545:Lake Minchin
2477:Lake Palomas
2467:Lake Alamosa
2439:Lake Russell
2340:Lake Passaic
2120:Lake Allison
2081:Lake Stanley
2076:Lake Saginaw
2010:Lake Chicago
2009:
1966:Lake Ojibway
1937:Lake Bassano
1932:Lake Agassiz
1923:Nelson River
1840:Ancylus Lake
1807:Lake Tengger
1802:Lake Bandung
1770:Lake Ptolemy
1632:Lake surfing
1458:Lake Stanley
1443:Lake Chicago
1442:
1433:Lake Agassiz
1361:Lake Manitou
1218:French River
1150:Superior Bay
1145:Pokegama Bay
1140:Keweenaw Bay
1125:Au Train Bay
1066:Sturgeon Bay
983:Georgian Bay
967:Sandusky Bay
736:. Retrieved
732:the original
725:
700:
608:Stony Island
593:
577:
556:
547:
543:
508:
498:lake capture
483:
456:
438:Mohawk River
435:
408:Lake Saginaw
401:
377:Park Moraine
366:
362:
361:
329:
290:Arctic Ocean
284:The city of
283:
258:Lake Chicago
257:
256:
248:
65:Lake Chicago
29:Lake Chicago
3686:Pleistocene
3681:Older Dryas
3543:, Wisconsin
3535:Oneida Lake
3531:, Wisconsin
3507:, Wisconsin
3489:, Wisconsin
3483:, Wisconsin
3471:, Wisconsin
3465:, Minnesota
3459:, Wisconsin
3453:, Wisconsin
3441:, Wisconsin
3327:Outwash fan
3322:Kettle hole
3215:Ribbon lake
3172:Teays River
2997:Mesoarchean
2940:Baykonurian
2802:Santa MarĂa
2756:Weichselian
2530:Lake Escara
2444:Lake Tecopa
2429:Lake Mojave
2409:Lake Harper
2349:New England
2335:Lake Albany
2316:Teays River
2268:Mississippi
2227:Lake Circle
2169:Puget Sound
2145:Great Basin
2091:Lake Warren
2060:Lake Minong
2055:Lake Maumee
2025:Lake Duluth
2005:Lake Arkona
1981:Great Lakes
1971:Tyrrell Sea
1942:Lake Souris
1747:Pleistocene
1684:Third Coast
1647:Megalopolis
1607:Lake breeze
1592:Circle Tour
1453:Lake Maumee
1339:Isle Royale
1304:First canal
1170:Goulais Bay
1155:Thunder Bay
1109:Wellers Bay
1104:Toronto Bay
1025:Thunder Bay
1015:Saginaw Bay
995:Lake George
932:Couchiching
856:Great Lakes
340:Pleistocene
274:Great Lakes
199:Max. length
142:former lake
125:42.2; -87.1
123: /
98:Coordinates
91:Great Lakes
3779:Categories
3605:Antarctica
3598:Antarctica
3584:Monte Rosa
3537:, New York
3317:Kame delta
3276:Till plain
3167:Lake Tight
2951:Cryogenian
2846:Beestonian
2798:Wolstonian
2780:Llanquihue
2764:Midlandian
2714:Antarctica
2706:Quaternary
2692:Quaternary
2565:Lake Tauca
2535:Inca Huasi
2424:Lake Modoc
2419:Lake Manly
2414:Lake Manix
2391:California
2381:Lake Stowe
2311:Lake Tight
2130:Lake Lewis
2096:Lake Wayne
2050:Lake Lundy
1860:Yoldia Sea
1833:Baltic Sea
1779:Antarctica
1674:Shipwrecks
1602:Great Loop
1213:Erie Canal
1188:Anchor Bay
1094:Humber Bay
957:Maumee Bay
864:Main lakes
738:2022-02-10
692:References
492:, and the
419:Lake Huron
358:Chronology
348:Mt. Forest
245:References
207:Max. width
3525:, Montana
3422:, Nunavut
3416:, Ontario
3410:, Ontario
3404:, Alberta
3392:, Ontario
3380:, Alberta
3374:, Ontario
3198:Erosional
3191:Landforms
2926:Ediacaran
2901:Paleozoic
2877:Antarctic
2869:Oligocene
2828:7th–8th:
2824:Rio Llico
2806:3rd–6th:
2790:Illinoian
2760:Devensian
2752:Wisconsin
2719:Greenland
2500:Lake Atna
2020:Lake Dana
1957:James Bay
1876:Lake Komi
1667:Laurentia
1597:Crossings
1397:Populated
1277:Soo Locks
1201:Waterways
1181:St. Clair
1135:Huron Bay
1099:Sodus Bay
1046:Green Bay
927:Winnebago
922:St. Clair
912:Nipissing
445:and then
423:Lake Erie
268:, one of
137:Lake type
3764:Category
3589:Svalbard
3519:, Nevada
3297:Diluvium
2986:Huronian
2967:Marinoan
2963:Sturtian
2934:Gaskiers
2861:Pliocene
2842:Menapian
2768:Pinedale
2684:Ice ages
2299:drainage
2270:drainage
1959:drainage
1925:drainage
1812:Mundafan
1689:Treaties
1118:Superior
1034:Michigan
943:channels
941:Bays and
891:Superior
881:Michigan
614:See also
463:Homewood
425:basins.
404:Michigan
373:moraines
309:quarries
306:Illinois
272:'s five
77:Location
3567:Eurasia
3256:Moraine
3246:Drumlin
3115:General
3057:Stadial
3005:Pongola
2865:Miocene
2850:Caracol
2820:Anglian
2579:Summary
2560:Salinas
1316:Islands
1082:Ontario
907:Nipigon
886:Ontario
559:Holland
521:to the
484:As the
475:Hammond
417:in the
338:of the
298:fossils
292:to the
286:Chicago
111:87°06′W
108:42°12′N
3513:, Utah
3501:, Ohio
3432:States
3430:United
3365:Canada
3332:Sandur
2816:Elster
2808:Mindel
2776:Merida
2772:Fraser
2540:Mataro
2525:Cabana
2492:Alaska
2328:valley
2326:Hudson
2266:Upper
2212:Upper
2171:system
2147:system
2113:system
1869:Russia
1826:Europe
1758:Africa
1679:Storms
1662:Region
1564:Cities
917:Simcoe
606:, and
375:, the
319:, and
280:Origin
3302:Esker
3205:Fjord
2794:Saale
2784:2nd:
2746:1st:
2737:Older
2555:Sajsi
1657:Ports
1582:Basin
1238:Falls
976:Huron
876:Huron
584:dunes
580:spits
566:Today
302:coral
177:Basin
87:Group
3312:Kame
2838:Elbe
2830:GĂĽnz
2786:Riss
2748:WĂĽrm
2739:and
2550:Ouki
2297:Ohio
1795:Asia
950:Erie
871:Erie
797:1911
477:and
465:and
453:Size
421:and
410:and
2840:or
311:at
300:of
3781::
2848:,
2844:,
2836:,
2832:,
2822:,
2818:,
2814:,
2810:,
2800:,
2796:,
2792:,
2788:,
2778:,
2774:,
2766:,
2758:,
2754:,
2750:,
2735:,
2694:/
783:^
769:^
757:^
724:.
713:^
582:,
541:.
481:.
449:.
327:.
315:,
3102:e
3095:t
3088:v
2953:-
2770:/
2762:/
2743:)
2731:(
2676:e
2669:t
2662:v
1739:e
1732:t
1725:v
848:e
841:t
834:v
752:.
741:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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