326:
304:
689:
641:
31:
51:
673:
58:
608:, its yields have been significantly reduced due to the periodic drainage of the lake in order to maintain reclaimed land and pasture. In the pre-Pākehā past however, the control of the lake's level was retained at an optimum water level for the birdlife that lived there and provided
664:
In a 2010 report on lake water quality Lake
Ellesmere / Te Waihora was deemed the second most polluted lake in New Zealand in terms of nutrient content and algal growth. Algal blooms are a regular summer occurrence and toxic algae bloomed in the lake in 2009.
620:
stalks) were dragged across the sand to make the initial opening of the water to the sea. Such carefully monitored drainage of the lake took place for several hundred years, consistently maintaining Lake
Ellesmere / Te Waihora's abundant supply of
651:
As well as holding high cultural significance to the indigenous population Lake
Ellesmere / Te Waihora is also rated as a nationally significant site for recreation. The lake is currently used for a wide range of water and land based activities.
668:
Results for E. coli levels are also poor with 42% of sites associated with the lake failing national recreational guide standards for water quality. No sites achieved the shellfish/food gathering standard or were fit for drinking.
655:
Many of these activities are reliant on a healthy natural ecosystem, especially fish and wildlife habitat, and a decrease in the number of people participating in trout fishing and other activities has been recorded since 1996.
341:, with over 200 species (if extinct species are also included) having been recorded at the lake and its direct surroundings. Lake Ellesmere has become a well-known bird watching location for certain rare species, such as the
1115:
549:
that we see today. In chronological order these stages began with the lake as part of
Canterbury plains, which were then flooded, forming a bay, then an estuary and finally a lake / lagoon / waituna.
545:
The lake is a dynamic feature, it has been up to twice its present depth and area in the past, and it has progressed through various stages as it has developed into the brackish bar-type
1068:
311:) at mudflat near the southern tip of Kaitorete Spit. This small wading bird is a regular summer migrant to New Zealand, and can regularly be seen on Lake Ellesmere's mudflats.
295:
This illustrates why Lake
Ellesmere / Te Waihora has undergone significant ecological transformation in recent years as land use practices in the catchment area have changed.
333:) swimming on water's surface at the small settlement of Fishermans Point near the southern end of the lake. Pied Shags are a regularly seen resident on and around the lake.
1914:
1131:
105:
569:
Claims
Settlement 1998, ownership of the lake bed of Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora was returned to Te Rūnanga O Ngāi Tahu, who are now able to reassert their
629:
1376:
1300:
874:
1366:
1371:
1226:
1077:
1381:
2110:
2105:
2095:
1419:
1177:
805:
628:
In 2007 an assessment of the cultural health of Lake
Ellesmere / Te Waihora was undertaken as a combined effort by Ngai Tahu and the
2029:
2100:
1102:
2024:
974:
2019:
1929:
1162:
1125:
734:
287:. It covers an area of 198 square kilometres (76 sq mi), and is New Zealand's 5th largest lake (by area).
2014:
1981:
1761:
1204:
1909:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
1904:
1847:
1412:
1771:
1153:
1882:
422:
1976:
1766:
565:
since ancient times and remains central to the lives of many Māori who now live in the area. Under the
362:
157:
442:
50:
1171:
1986:
1781:
1776:
1695:
1645:
1605:
1511:
1405:
1024:
1945:
1892:
1887:
1872:
1867:
1857:
1711:
1650:
644:
228:
87:
357:
of various species frequent the lake and its surroundings, including native species such as the
1955:
1919:
1741:
1685:
1640:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1481:
1445:
1285:
382:
315:
676:
Riparian protection zone on the banks of Hart Creek, in the Selwyn River
Catchment, Canterbury
612:(food) for many people. The lake was only drained when its level exceeded the normal maximum.
600:(place for taking waterfowl). However, today the richness of Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora as a
1924:
1852:
1615:
1600:
1544:
1441:
1275:
1098:
640:
494:
446:
402:
386:
137:
788:"Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) female resting, Lake Ellesmere, New Zealand (NZ)"
1971:
1898:
1721:
1554:
1466:
1197:
787:
702:
482:
366:
342:
8:
2050:
1877:
1595:
1501:
1486:
1290:
350:
899:
1862:
1831:
1580:
1327:
999:
949:
924:
530:
514:
470:
466:
410:
409:. Grey Teal are actually considered one of the most abundant bird species on the lake.
346:
150:
1076:. Hamilton: National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. Archived from
1991:
1655:
1590:
1121:
730:
502:
478:
474:
458:
398:
394:
374:
838:
260:
1690:
1585:
584:". The food sources of Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora were once abundant and included
477:. A wide variety of other birds can also be seen in and around the lake, including
378:
517:
have also appeared at Lake
Ellesmere over the years, with some of these including
1950:
1428:
1247:
1190:
581:
573:(ownership) over this significant site through direct control of its management.
534:
526:
522:
486:
454:
438:
252:
248:
247:, or more correctly Kaitorete Barrier. It lies partially in extreme southeastern
236:
79:
562:
1791:
1625:
1397:
1322:
498:
280:
244:
164:
2089:
1786:
1332:
1182:
490:
418:
325:
319:
303:
259:. The lake holds high historical and cultural significance to the indigenous
240:
120:
107:
30:
750:
561:(site of traditional significance for food and other natural resources) for
1826:
1821:
1816:
1635:
1213:
722:
694:
518:
462:
256:
232:
91:
83:
566:
2034:
1811:
1796:
1665:
1660:
1630:
1506:
1432:
1295:
1265:
506:
461:
can be seen in and around the lake, as can some tern species such as the
393:
are also prominent residents on the lake, with native species including
1801:
1731:
1726:
1610:
1496:
1386:
1313:
1270:
672:
433:, with the latter being another one of the lake's most abundant birds.
430:
358:
271:. It has officially had a dual English/Māori name since at least 1938.
151:
1716:
1476:
1471:
510:
450:
434:
426:
406:
1054:
Lake
Ellesmere / Te Waihora: State of the Lake and Future Management
774:
Te Waihora / Lake Ellesmere: State of the Lake and Future Management
1736:
1620:
1280:
390:
1491:
414:
370:
224:
1564:
729:(3rd ed.). Christchurch, NZ: Canterbury University Press.
546:
284:
143:
1067:
Verburg, P.; Hamill, K.; Unwin, M.; Abell, J. (August 2010).
354:
318:
have been observed here, spending short periods in the lake.
617:
338:
659:
255:
District, which now (since 2006) is a ward in the city of
251:
and partially in the southwestern extension of the former
1070:
Lake water quality in New Zealand 2010: Status and trends
1066:
604:
has been largely lost to farmland. While it remains a
1000:"Cox's Sandpiper(!), Lake Ellesmere. - BirdingNZ.net"
839:"Bird watching | The Te Waihora Co-Governance Group"
751:"New Zealand Gazetteer: Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora"
684:
630:
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
57:
596:(mullet). Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora was a famed
1344:(upstream to downstream by location or tributary)
725:(2008). "Chapter 20 Canterbury Coastal Systems".
337:Lake Ellesmere is also home to a wide variety of
2087:
1427:
98:
1174:– set up to educate people about Lake Ellesmere
1111:, edited by A. H. McLintock, published in 1966.
557:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora has been a revered
1212:
283:bar-type waterbody, commonly called a lake or
235:of New Zealand. It is directly to the west of
1413:
1198:
1120:. Department of Conservation. December 2005.
1047:
1045:
1051:
950:"Stilt sandpiper | New Zealand Birds Online"
925:"Long-toed stint | New Zealand Birds Online"
875:"Location search | New Zealand Birds Online"
771:
1025:"Australian Tern (Gelochelidon macrotarsa)"
279:Currently Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora is a
1420:
1406:
1205:
1191:
1042:
274:
263:population and the traditional Māori name
35:Aerial view of Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
1178:Map of Banks Peninsula ward, Christchurch
1056:. Christchurch: EOS Ecology. p. 150.
1052:Hughey, Kenneth; Taylor, Kenneth (2008).
900:"Little stint | New Zealand Birds Online"
776:. Christchurch: EOS Ecology. p. 150.
772:Hughey, Kenneth; Taylor, Kenneth (2008).
671:
639:
552:
324:
302:
1360:Other features (upstream to downstream)
1103:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
660:State of the lake and future management
373:, and also Arctic migrants such as the
2088:
1158:Ellesmere Swansong: the end of a lake?
576:The traditional name for the lake was
198:197.81 km (76.37 sq mi)
1401:
1186:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
721:
537:are also rare visitors to the lake.
322:have occasionally entered the lake.
223:is a broad, shallow coastal lake or
13:
1930:Whitecliffs Branch historical site
1091:
743:
14:
2122:
2111:Birdwatching sites in New Zealand
2106:Wetlands of the Canterbury Region
1147:
856:
816:
727:The natural history of Canterbury
206:2.1 m (6 ft 11 in)
2096:Lagoons of the Canterbury Region
1117:Te Waihora Joint Management Plan
792:Nature's Pic Images, New Zealand
687:
647:near Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
505:, as well as various introduced
56:
49:
29:
1109:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
1060:
1017:
992:
967:
942:
509:and both native and introduced
449:are commonly seen in the lake.
363:South Island Pied Oystercatcher
2101:Lakes of the Canterbury Region
917:
892:
798:
780:
765:
753:. Land Information New Zealand
715:
214:2 m (6 ft 7 in)
1:
2015:Arthur's Pass railway station
1848:Arthur Dudley Dobson Memorial
708:
635:
580:meaning "the fish basket of
290:
7:
2030:Springfield railway station
1883:Midland Rail Heritage Trust
1807:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
1351:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
1312:(upstream to downstream by
1234:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
1099:"Ellesmere (Waihora), Lake"
680:
243:by the long, narrow, sandy
221:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
182:30.5 km (19.0 mi)
64:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
24:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
10:
2127:
1841:Facilities and attractions
1214:Selwyn River / Waikirikiri
540:
413:waterfowl species include
190:14.5 km (9.0 mi)
158:Selwyn River / Waikirikiri
2043:
2025:Rolleston railway station
2007:
2000:
1964:
1938:
1915:Terrace Station Homestead
1840:
1754:
1704:
1678:
1573:
1527:
1520:
1459:
1452:
1439:
1359:
1341:
1309:
1256:
1240:
1220:
1167:The End of Lake Ellesmere
298:
210:
202:
194:
186:
178:
174:
163:
149:
136:
97:
75:
44:
40:
28:
23:
2020:Darfield railway station
1987:Pineglades Naturist Club
1782:Coopers Lagoon / Muriwai
1259:(upstream to downstream)
904:www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz
578:Te Kete Ika o Rākaihautū
329:Pied Shag / Kāruhiruhi (
1893:RNZAF Station Te Pirita
1888:R. F. Joyce Observatory
1873:Little River Rail Trail
1868:Hororata Highland Games
1858:Craigieburn Forest Park
1172:Waihora Ellesmere Trust
645:Little River Rail Trail
316:Southern elephant seals
275:Geography and hydrology
1225:Canterbury Foothills (
677:
648:
598:mahinga manu wai māori
383:Sharp-Tailed Sandpiper
334:
312:
1925:West Melton Aerodrome
1853:Burnham Military Camp
1257:Towns and settlements
675:
643:
553:Cultural significance
403:Australasian Shoveler
387:Pacific Golden Plover
328:
306:
239:, separated from the
16:Lagoon in New Zealand
1972:Darfield High School
1899:Springfield Doughnut
1528:Hawkins Sub-Division
1241:Administrative areas
1083:on 26 December 2010.
954:nzbirdsonline.org.nz
929:nzbirdsonline.org.nz
879:nzbirdsonline.org.nz
703:Lakes of New Zealand
513:. A variety of rare
491:Australasian Harrier
483:Eastern Cattle Egret
343:Australasian Bittern
331:Phalacrocorax varius
2051:Inland Scenic Route
1982:Lincoln High School
1878:McHughs Forest Park
1755:Geographic features
1679:Selwyn Central Ward
1596:Castle Hill Village
1574:Tawera Sub-Division
529:, and most notably
309:Calidris ruficollis
117: /
1910:St Joseph's Church
1863:Homebush Homestead
1832:Waianiwaniwa River
1342:Lakes in catchment
1328:Waianiwaniwa River
678:
649:
471:Black-Fronted Tern
467:White-Fronted Tern
435:Cormorants / Shags
335:
313:
307:Red-Necked Stint (
121:43.800°S 172.417°E
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
1992:Rolleston College
1977:Ellesmere College
1750:
1749:
1674:
1673:
1656:Waimakariri Gorge
1395:
1394:
1377:Chamberlains Ford
1310:Major tributaries
1301:Lower Selwyn Huts
1004:www.birdingnz.net
503:Sacred Kingfisher
479:White-Faced Heron
475:White-Winged Tern
459:Black-Billed Gull
451:Black-Backed Gull
399:New Zealand Scaup
395:Paradise Shelduck
375:Bar-Tailed Godwit
218:
217:
211:Surface elevation
84:Christchurch City
2118:
2071:State Highway 77
2066:State Highway 75
2061:State Highway 73
2005:
2004:
1956:Regional Council
1946:District Council
1905:St John's Church
1525:
1524:
1457:
1456:
1453:Populated places
1422:
1415:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1154:Avenues Magazine
1143:
1141:
1139:
1130:. Archived from
1107:Originally from
1106:
1105:. 22 April 2009.
1085:
1084:
1082:
1075:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1040:
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1037:
1035:
1021:
1015:
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996:
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935:
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769:
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760:
758:
747:
741:
740:
719:
697:
692:
691:
690:
535:Australian Terns
473:, and the rarer
389:, among others.
379:Red-Necked Stint
269:spreading waters
153:
132:
131:
129:
128:
127:
126:-43.800; 172.417
122:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
100:
60:
59:
53:
33:
21:
20:
2126:
2125:
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2119:
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2086:
2085:
2084:
2075:
2056:State Highway 1
2039:
1996:
1960:
1934:
1836:
1746:
1700:
1670:
1569:
1516:
1448:
1435:
1429:Selwyn District
1426:
1396:
1391:
1355:
1343:
1337:
1311:
1305:
1258:
1252:
1248:Selwyn District
1236:
1216:
1211:
1150:
1137:
1135:
1134:on 24 July 2011
1128:
1114:
1097:
1094:
1092:Further reading
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1080:
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1043:
1033:
1031:
1023:
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979:www.stuff.co.nz
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810:www.doc.govt.nz
806:"Basking shark"
804:
803:
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770:
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754:
749:
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737:
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693:
688:
686:
683:
662:
638:
592:(flounder) and
555:
543:
531:Cox's Sandpiper
527:Stilt Sandpiper
523:Long-Toed Stint
487:Royal Spoonbill
455:Red-Billed Gull
367:Banded Dotterel
301:
293:
277:
253:Banks Peninsula
249:Selwyn District
237:Banks Peninsula
167: countries
152:Primary inflows
125:
123:
119:
116:
111:
108:
106:
104:
103:
80:Selwyn District
71:
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2017:
2011:
2009:
2002:
2001:Transportation
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1792:Hororata River
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1626:Lake Coleridge
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1460:Ellesmere Ward
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1402:
1393:
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1369:
1367:McGregors Ford
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1323:Hororata River
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1195:
1187:
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1180:
1175:
1169:
1163:Public Address
1160:
1149:
1148:External links
1146:
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571:rangatiratanga
554:
551:
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539:
499:Spotless Crake
320:Basking sharks
300:
297:
292:
289:
276:
273:
245:Kaitorete Spit
231:region of the
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515:vagrant birds
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419:Greylag Geese
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52:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1897:
1827:Selwyn River
1822:Porters Pass
1817:Porter River
1806:
1767:Broken River
1705:Springs Ward
1636:Rakaia Gorge
1521:Malvern Ward
1350:
1233:
1230:
1222:
1166:
1157:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:the original
1116:
1108:
1078:the original
1069:
1062:
1053:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
969:
957:. Retrieved
953:
944:
932:. Retrieved
928:
919:
907:. Retrieved
903:
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:
846:. Retrieved
842:
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782:
773:
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755:. Retrieved
745:
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695:Lakes portal
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558:
556:
544:
519:Little Stint
463:Caspian Tern
437:such as the
423:Canada Geese
355:Wading birds
336:
330:
314:
308:
294:
278:
268:
264:
257:Christchurch
233:South Island
220:
219:
195:Surface area
92:South Island
18:
2035:TranzAlpine
1920:The Station
1812:Lake Lyndon
1797:Kowai River
1777:Castle Hill
1696:West Melton
1666:Windwhistle
1661:Whitecliffs
1646:Springfield
1631:Lake Lyndon
1606:Craigieburn
1512:Southbridge
1507:Selwyn Huts
1433:New Zealand
1296:Selwyn Huts
1266:Whitecliffs
1231:Flows into:
1138:13 February
1029:iNaturalist
606:mahinga kai
602:mahinga kai
559:mahinga kai
447:Little Shag
347:Marsh Crake
179:Max. length
170:New Zealand
124: /
99:Coordinates
2090:Categories
1939:Government
1802:L II River
1772:Cass River
1732:Springston
1727:Prebbleton
1712:Broadfield
1651:Waddington
1611:Glentunnel
1497:Motukarara
1387:L II River
1314:confluence
1271:Glentunnel
709:References
636:Recreation
582:Rākaihautū
511:Passerines
507:Galliforms
439:Black Shag
431:Black Swan
411:Introduced
359:Pied Stilt
265:Te Waihora
229:Canterbury
203:Max. depth
187:Max. width
88:Canterbury
1742:Templeton
1717:Ladbrooks
1686:Rolleston
1641:Sheffield
1560:Kimberley
1550:Greendale
1540:Courtenay
1535:Aylesbury
1482:Ellesmere
1477:Dunsandel
1472:Doyleston
1446:Rolleston
1382:Coes Ford
1286:Greendale
757:31 August
567:Ngāi Tahu
443:Pied Shag
427:Mute Swan
407:Grey Teal
391:Waterfowl
291:Catchment
227:, in the
142:Brackish
1737:Tai Tapu
1621:Hororata
1616:Homebush
1601:Coalgate
1545:Darfield
1281:Hororata
1276:Coalgate
681:See also
632:(NIWA).
588:(eels),
417:, feral
415:Mallards
281:brackish
267:, means
112:172°25′E
90:region,
76:Location
1722:Lincoln
1555:Hawkins
1492:Leeston
1467:Burnham
1223:Source:
975:"Stuff"
541:History
371:Wrybill
225:waituna
109:43°48′S
1565:Kirwee
1502:Selwyn
1487:Irwell
1291:Selwyn
1124:
1034:29 May
1009:29 May
984:29 May
959:29 May
934:29 May
909:29 May
884:29 May
848:29 May
733:
614:Kōrari
590:pātiki
547:lagoon
495:Pukeko
351:Kotuku
299:Nature
285:lagoon
144:lagoon
1951:Mayor
1691:Izone
1581:Avoca
1081:(PDF)
1074:(PDF)
563:Māori
339:birds
261:Māori
165:Basin
2044:Road
2008:Rail
1591:Cass
1442:Seat
1229:) -
1140:2011
1122:ISBN
1036:2024
1011:2024
986:2024
961:2024
936:2024
911:2024
886:2024
850:2024
759:2021
731:ISBN
618:flax
586:tuna
469:and
457:and
445:and
429:and
405:and
385:and
369:and
349:and
138:Type
82:and
623:kai
610:kai
594:aua
2092::
1444::
1431:,
1165:–
1156:–
1101:.
1044:^
1027:.
1002:.
977:.
952:.
927:.
902:.
877:.
858:^
841:.
818:^
808:.
790:.
625:.
533:.
525:,
521:,
501:,
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493:,
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421:,
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616:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
