1182:
1256:
333:
he continued slowly. While
Lambert refused to offer battle, Arnulf was garnering support among the nobility of Tuscany. Even Adalbert joined him. Finding Rome locked against him and held by Ageltrude, Arnulf took the city by force on 21 February 896, freeing the pope. Arnulf was there crowned King and Emperor by Pope Formosus, who declared Lambert deposed. Arnulf marched on
51:
332:
on his behalf, Lambert found himself abandoned by the Pope, who feared the increased power of the
Spoletan house. In September, an embassy arrived in Regensburg beseeching Arnulf's aid. In October, Arnulf undertook his second campaign into Italy. He crossed the Alps quickly and took Pavia, but then
391:
rehabilitated
Formosus against their will. Lambert convened a diet at Ravenna in February. Seventy bishops met and confirmed the pact of 891, the invalidity of Arnulf's coronation, and the validity of Lambert's imperial title. They legitimised the election of John IX. They also solved the Formosan
460:, taking him prisoner to Pavia. On his return to Marengo however, he was killed, either by assassination (by Hugh, son of Maginulf), a theory about which Liutprand, our primary source, is reserved, or by falling from his horse. He was buried in
351:
After Arnulf returned to
Germany and until his death, Lambert and his supporters, most powerful in the northeast and the centre of the peninsula, were in complete control of Italy. He retook Pavia and decapitated
356:, who had joined Arnulf. In October and November, he met Berengar outside of Pavia and the two reached an agreement whereby they parcelled the kingdom out between them, Berengar keeping the realm between the
448:
However, Lambert still had to face
Berengar of Friuli and the rebellious Adalbert of Tuscany. In 898, the latter marched on Pavia. The emperor, who had been hunting near
301:
of his mother, a staunch anti-German. While
Berengar occupied Pavia, Lambert and Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial title, but Pope
379:, elected by their influence, to put the corpse of Formosus on trial for various crimes. The body, stripped of its papal robes and mutilated, was thrown into the river
375:
In early 897, Lambert journeyed to Rome with
Ageltrude and Guy to receive reconfirmation of his imperial title. The vengeful Lambert and Ageltrude also persuaded
63:
413:
in the
Frankish fashion as his father had done. In fact, he was the last ruler to do so. In 898, he legislated against the exploitation of the services owed by
312:
Lambert was preoccupied in thwarting the attempts of both Arnulf of
Carinthia and Berengar of Friuli to take Italy for themselves during his reign. Early on,
316:
rallied to his cause, menacing
Berengar in Pavia. By January 895, Lambert could take up residence in the royal capital. In that same year, his cousin
1218:
285:. They defeated Guy, but bribes, along with an outbreak of fever, saw him leave in the autumn. Arnulf then personally led an army across the
927:
293:, but went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn. Lambert became sole king and emperor, as well as succeeding his father to the
2003:
733:
368:
of 889. Lambert also pledged to marry Gisela, Berengar's daughter. It was this partitioning which caused the later chronicler
2028:
17:
1780:
1211:
150:
77:
2008:
1956:
1127:
1107:
1087:
920:
1916:
1122:
1092:
1062:
1876:
1527:
1204:
1147:
1102:
1042:
1940:
1447:
1167:
1162:
1142:
1077:
1964:
1948:
1924:
1844:
1836:
1157:
1152:
1132:
1112:
1097:
1082:
1067:
1027:
1022:
1932:
1900:
1852:
1828:
1812:
1185:
1137:
1117:
1072:
1052:
1032:
1017:
1012:
913:
763:
The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. III: The Popes During the Carolingian Empire, 858β891
770:
The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. IV: The Popes in the Days of Feudal Anarchy, 891β999
2033:
1908:
1868:
1804:
1057:
1037:
1007:
392:
question and confirmed his rehabilitation. Most significantly for Lambert, however, they reaffirmed the
747:
History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, Vol. I
2023:
2018:
329:
341:
and had to call off the campaign. That same year, Formosus died, leaving Lambert once again in power.
2013:
1998:
437:
405:
321:
55:
Lambert (second from left) depicted as one of the kings who had favoured and protected the abbey of
895:
876:
2038:
1341:
549:
were thrown into chaos, contested by multiple candidates. Within days, Berengar had taken Pavia.
56:
1715:
313:
261:
and subsequent Carolingian gifts to the papacy. In 893, however, Formosus sent an embassy to
1884:
306:
1988:
1892:
1759:
1047:
429:
369:
353:
8:
1993:
1745:
1710:
1679:
1644:
1628:
1572:
1272:
1264:
997:
987:
841:
282:
266:
122:
1860:
1693:
977:
936:
869:
831:
824:
795:
218:
210:
184:
174:
112:
73:
41:
1196:
1786:
1767:
1612:
1365:
962:
886:
534:
457:
403:
Lambert hereafter governed with the church and continued the policy of his father of
317:
258:
1620:
1596:
967:
860:
545:
449:
325:
294:
146:
1820:
1729:
1652:
1636:
992:
972:
952:
539:
473:
376:
214:
1796:
1588:
1002:
1982:
1737:
1227:
850:
775:
515:
384:
254:
206:
81:
519:
410:
388:
1674:
1580:
947:
234:
1559:
1535:
1511:
357:
274:
262:
230:
226:
96:
905:
456:, was given advance word. Lambert surprised and defeated his rival at
50:
1754:
1604:
1503:
1463:
1439:
1423:
1288:
1280:
1255:
957:
436:
His rule was recognized in Benevento after the restoration of Prince
397:
222:
194:
1724:
1688:
1519:
1495:
1487:
1471:
1455:
1431:
1391:
755:
Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
461:
420:
415:
302:
290:
161:
257:. He and his father signed a pact with the pontiff confirming the
217:(as Lambert II) from his father's death in 894. He was the son of
1551:
1543:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1383:
1375:
1304:
1296:
1242:
361:
334:
278:
250:
169:
102:
400:(824), which required the imperial presence at papal elections.
372:
to remark that the Italians always suffered under two monarchs.
1479:
1349:
1320:
1312:
424:
338:
298:
780:
Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400β1000
511:
Lambert was here Emperor, holding power in the City (of Rome);
1357:
508:
Born with the distinguished blood of the stock of the Franks,
453:
380:
337:, where Ageltrude had fled to Lambert, but Arnulf suffered a
289:
early in 894. He conquered all of the territory north of the
246:
472:: "an elegant youth and a stern man". His epitaph (in Latin
1328:
286:
270:
249:
and joint emperor alongside his father on 30 April 892 at
305:
wanted instead to crown Arnulf and was imprisoned in the
409:: renewal of the Frankish kingdom. He was able to issue
1226:
525:
and a prince of peace, excessively renowned with love.
641:
History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages
1980:
360:and the Po and Lambert the rest. They shared
1212:
921:
344:
297:. Still young though, he was left under the
1219:
1205:
928:
914:
669:
667:
576:
574:
485:Sanguine prΓ¦cipuΕ FrancΕrum germinis ortus
213:, co-ruling with his father from 892, and
49:
608:
606:
604:
495:Alter erat CΕnstantΔ«nus, TheodΕsius alter
490:Lambertus fuit hΔ«c Caesar in Urbe potΔns
935:
664:
571:
245:Lambert was crowned king in May 891 at
14:
1981:
752:
742:, LXIII. Rome: 2004, pp. 208β211.
601:
564:
562:
1200:
909:
240:
740:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
500:Et prΔ«nceps pΔcis clΔrus amΕre nimis
443:
273:to be crowned. Arnulf sent his son
757:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
559:
229:. He was the last ruler to issue a
24:
205:(c. 880 β 15 October 898) was the
25:
2050:
732:Carpegna Falconieri, Tommaso di.
464:. Liutprand remembered him as an
364:. This was a confirmation of the
27:Holy Roman Emperor (c. 880 β 898)
1254:
1181:
1180:
2004:9th-century Holy Roman Emperors
712:
703:
694:
685:
676:
655:
533:He was succeeded in Spoleto by
646:
633:
624:
615:
592:
583:
13:
1:
552:
2029:9th-century dukes of Spoleto
215:Duke of Spoleto and Camerino
7:
433:was composed at his court.
269:liberate Italy and come to
10:
2055:
2009:9th-century kings of Italy
725:
1779:
1664:
1571:
1340:
1263:
1252:
1235:
1176:
943:
893:
883:
874:
866:
859:
848:
838:
829:
821:
816:
789:
406:renovatio regni Francorum
346:Renovatio regni Francorum
322:Principality of Benevento
190:
180:
168:
156:
140:
132:
128:
118:
108:
95:
87:
72:
67:, 12th-century manuscript
48:
39:
34:
1667:(title disputed 887β933)
782:. MacMillan Press: 1981.
753:Kreutz, Barbara (1996).
328:. Despite the urging of
57:San Clemente a Casauria
314:Adalbert II of Tuscany
64:Chronicon Casauriense
42:Emperor of the Romans
18:Lambert II of Spoleto
1877:Lothair III (or II)
1230:between 476 and 1556
896:Margrave of Camerino
430:Lex Romana Utinensis
387:." In January 898,
370:Liutprand of Cremona
354:Maginfred I of Milan
937:Holy Roman emperors
568:Carpegna Falconieri
267:Arnulf of Carinthia
123:Arnulf of Carinthia
2034:Margraves in Italy
832:Holy Roman Emperor
796:House of Guideschi
589:Mann, III, pg. 378
394:Constitutio Romana
307:Castel Sant'Angelo
283:Berengar of Friuli
281:army to join with
241:Confronting Arnulf
219:Guy III of Spoleto
211:Holy Roman Emperor
185:Guy III of Spoleto
113:Guy III of Spoleto
2024:Guideschi dynasty
2019:Frankish warriors
1976:
1975:
1787:Holy Roman Empire
1194:
1193:
904:
903:
884:Succeeded by
839:Succeeded by
768:Mann, Horace, K.
761:Mann, Horace, K.
531:
530:
458:Borgo San Donnino
444:Battle of Marengo
259:Donation of Pepin
200:
199:
16:(Redirected from
2046:
2014:Italian monarchs
1999:Sons of emperors
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1840:
1832:
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1781:Kingdom of Italy
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1719:
1705:
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1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1563:
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1411:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1361:
1353:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
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1276:
1258:
1246:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1184:
1183:
930:
923:
916:
907:
906:
867:Preceded by
861:Italian nobility
822:Preceded by
812:
805:
787:
786:
758:
719:
718:Mann, IV, pg. 98
716:
710:
709:Mann, IV, pg. 97
707:
701:
700:Mann, IV, pg. 87
698:
692:
689:
683:
682:Mann, IV, pg. 94
680:
674:
673:Mann, IV, pg. 95
671:
662:
661:Mann, IV, pg. 82
659:
653:
652:Mann, IV, pg. 80
650:
644:
637:
631:
630:Mann, IV, pg. 53
628:
622:
621:Mann, IV, pg. 52
619:
613:
612:Mann, IV, pg. 51
610:
599:
598:Mann, IV, pg. 50
596:
590:
587:
581:
578:
569:
566:
546:imperium Romanum
479:
478:
474:elegiac couplets
295:Duchy of Spoleto
147:Spinetta Marengo
53:
35:Lambert of Italy
32:
31:
21:
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2048:
2047:
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1606:
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1590:
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1567:
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1521:
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1481:
1473:
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1457:
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1441:
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1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
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1314:
1306:
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1250:
1244:
1231:
1225:
1195:
1190:
1172:
939:
934:
899:
889:
880:
877:Duke of Spoleto
872:
854:
844:
835:
827:
806:
800:
799:
792:
791:Emperor Lambert
785:
745:Comyn, Robert.
728:
723:
722:
717:
713:
708:
704:
699:
695:
691:Kreutz, pg. 178
690:
686:
681:
677:
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665:
660:
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647:
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629:
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588:
584:
579:
572:
567:
560:
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540:regnum Italicum
514:He was another
466:elegans iuvenis
446:
377:Pope Stephen VI
349:
253:by a reluctant
243:
164:
145:
80:
68:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2039:Frankish kings
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
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2011:
2006:
2001:
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1991:
1974:
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1962:
1957:Frederick III
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1267:
1261:
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1253:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:Kings of Italy
1224:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1174:
1173:
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933:
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918:
910:
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891:
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885:
882:
873:
868:
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863:
857:
856:
846:
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840:
837:
828:
823:
819:
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817:Regnal titles
814:
813:
811:15 October 898
793:
790:
784:
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776:Wickham, Chris
773:
766:
759:
750:
743:
729:
727:
724:
721:
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684:
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632:
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512:
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492:
487:
445:
442:
348:
343:
330:Fulk of Rheims
320:conquered the
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198:
197:
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144:15 October 898
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101:30 April 892,
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2027:
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2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
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1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:Frederick II
1915:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1825:
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1817:
1811:
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1803:
1801:
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1794:
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1772:
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1742:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1726:
1722:
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1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1700:
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1690:
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1684:
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1676:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1468:
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1460:
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1452:
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1428:
1422:
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1414:
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1406:
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1396:
1390:
1388:
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1380:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Ferdinand III
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Maximilian II
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1088:Frederick III
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
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1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
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1036:
1034:
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1021:
1019:
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1014:
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1009:
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989:
986:
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966:
964:
961:
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956:
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951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
938:
931:
926:
924:
919:
917:
912:
911:
908:
898:
897:
892:
888:
879:
878:
871:
865:
862:
858:
853:
852:
851:King of Italy
847:
843:
834:
833:
826:
820:
815:
810:
803:
798:
797:
788:
781:
777:
774:
771:
767:
764:
760:
756:
751:
748:
744:
741:
738:
736:
731:
730:
715:
706:
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688:
679:
670:
668:
658:
649:
642:
636:
627:
618:
609:
607:
605:
595:
586:
580:Comyn, pg. 82
577:
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558:
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541:
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385:Cadaver Synod
382:
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255:Pope Formosus
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204:
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82:King of Italy
79:
75:
71:
66:
65:
58:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1893:Frederick I
1760:Berengar II
1753:
1723:
1709:
1701:
1687:
1673:
1665:Non-dynastic
1637:Charles III
1581:Charlemagne
1573:Carolingians
1366:
1236:Non-dynastic
1123:Ferdinand II
1093:Maximilian I
1063:Frederick II
982:
894:
875:
849:
830:
808:
801:
794:
779:
769:
762:
754:
746:
739:
734:
714:
705:
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687:
678:
657:
648:
640:
635:
626:
617:
594:
585:
544:
538:
532:
499:
494:
489:
484:
469:
465:
447:
438:Radelchis II
435:
428:
414:
411:capitularies
404:
402:
393:
389:Pope John IX
374:
365:
350:
345:
311:
244:
202:
201:
62:
40:
29:
1989:880s births
1967:(1530β1556)
1959:(1452β1493)
1951:(1431β1437)
1943:(1355β1378)
1941:Charles IV
1935:(1327β1347)
1927:(1311β1313)
1919:(1212β1250)
1911:(1209β1212)
1903:(1186β1197)
1895:(1154β1186)
1887:(1138β1152)
1885:Conrad III
1879:(1125β1137)
1871:(1106β1125)
1863:(1093β1101)
1855:(1056β1105)
1847:(1039β1056)
1839:(1026β1039)
1831:(1004β1024)
1823:(1002β1014)
1746:Lothair II
1680:Berengar I
1675:Unruochings
1621:Charles II
1560:Desiderius
1536:Hildeprand
1512:Aripert II
1367:Interregnum
1148:Charles VII
1103:Ferdinand I
1048:Frederick I
1043:Lothair III
973:Charles III
948:Charlemagne
516:Constantine
470:vir severus
383:after the "
265:to request
237:tradition.
235:Carolingian
109:Predecessor
1994:898 deaths
1983:Categories
1965:Charles V
1949:Sigismund
1925:Henry VII
1861:Conrad II
1845:Henry III
1837:Conrad II
1815:(996β1002)
1790:(962β1556)
1605:Lothair I
1528:Liutprand
1504:Raginpert
1464:Perctarit
1440:Perctarit
1424:Aripert I
1289:Theodahad
1281:Athalaric
1273:Theodoric
1265:Ostrogoths
1168:Francis II
1163:Leopold II
1143:Charles VI
1113:Rudolph II
1078:Charles IV
968:Charles II
639:Sismondi,
553:References
537:while the
520:Theodosius
518:, another
419:to create
366:status quo
326:Byzantines
275:Zwentibold
263:Regensburg
231:capitulary
227:San Rufino
225:, born in
209:from 891,
97:Coronation
1933:Louis IV
1901:Henry VI
1853:Henry IV
1829:Henry II
1821:Arduin I
1813:Otto III
1807:(980β983)
1799:(962β973)
1770:(950β963)
1768:Adalbert
1762:(950β963)
1755:Anscarids
1748:(945β950)
1740:(926β947)
1732:(900β905)
1730:Louis II
1718:(922β933)
1704:(891β897)
1696:(889β894)
1689:Guideschi
1682:(887β924)
1647:(896β899)
1639:(879β887)
1631:(877β879)
1629:Carloman
1623:(875β877)
1615:(855β875)
1607:(818β855)
1599:(810β818)
1591:(781β810)
1583:(774β814)
1562:(756β774)
1554:(749β756)
1546:(744β749)
1530:(712β744)
1520:Ansprand
1514:(702β712)
1498:(700β702)
1496:Liutpert
1490:(689β700)
1488:Cunipert
1474:(688β689)
1472:Cunipert
1466:(671β688)
1456:Garibald
1450:(662β671)
1448:Grimoald
1442:(661β662)
1434:(661β662)
1432:Godepert
1426:(653β661)
1418:(652β653)
1410:(636-652)
1402:(626β636)
1394:(616β626)
1392:Adaloald
1386:(590β616)
1378:(584β590)
1370:(574β584)
1360:(572β574)
1352:(568β572)
1331:(552β553)
1323:(541β552)
1307:(540β541)
1299:(536β540)
1291:(534β536)
1283:(526β534)
1275:(493β526)
1245:(476β493)
1158:Joseph II
1153:Francis I
1133:Leopold I
1098:Charles V
1083:Sigismund
1068:Henry VII
1028:Henry III
1023:Conrad II
993:Louis III
958:Lothair I
452:south of
421:benefices
398:Lothair I
324:from the
223:Ageltrude
195:Ageltrude
175:Guideschi
119:Successor
61:From the
1909:Otto IV
1869:Henry V
1805:Otto II
1725:Bosonids
1716:Rudolph
1702:Lambert
1613:Louis I
1597:Bernard
1552:Aistulf
1544:Ratchis
1416:Rodoald
1408:Rothari
1400:Arioald
1384:Agilulf
1376:Authari
1342:Lombards
1305:Ildibad
1297:Vitiges
1243:Odoacer
1186:Category
1138:Joseph I
1118:Matthias
1073:Louis IV
1053:Henry VI
1033:Henry IV
1018:Henry II
1013:Otto III
998:Berengar
963:Louis II
900:894β898
881:894β898
855:891β898
836:892β898
735:Lamberto
643:, pg. 24
543:and the
462:Piacenza
440:in 897.
416:arimanni
303:Formosus
291:Po River
279:Bavarian
162:Piacenza
1797:Otto I
1783:within
1653:Ratold
1645:Arnulf
1480:Alahis
1350:Alboin
1321:Totila
1313:Eraric
1058:Otto IV
1038:Henry V
1008:Otto II
983:Lambert
953:Louis I
870:Guy III
726:Sources
450:Marengo
425:vassals
362:Bergamo
335:Spoleto
299:regency
277:with a
251:Ravenna
233:in the
203:Lambert
103:Ravenna
91:891β898
74:Emperor
1589:Pepin
1358:Cleph
1003:Otto I
988:Arnulf
887:Guy IV
842:Arnulf
807:
804:c. 880
772:. 1925
765:. 1925
749:. 1851
535:Guy IV
476:) is:
427:. The
339:stroke
318:Guy IV
191:Mother
181:Father
157:Burial
136:c. 880
1738:Hugh
1711:Welfs
1655:(896)
1538:(744)
1522:(712)
1506:(701)
1482:(689)
1458:(671)
1329:Teia
1315:(541)
809:Died:
802:Born:
454:Milan
381:Tiber
247:Pavia
170:House
151:Italy
88:Reign
78:Italy
1785:the
1694:Guy
468:and
423:for
358:Adda
287:Alps
271:Rome
221:and
141:Died
133:Born
978:Guy
825:Guy
396:of
309:.
76:in
1985::
1758::
1728::
1714::
1692::
1678::
778:.
666:^
603:^
573:^
561:^
149:,
1220:e
1213:t
1206:v
929:e
922:t
915:v
737:.
522:,
59:.
20:)
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