664:
methods of achieving this transformation are attachment and severance. If personal property is attached to land, it becomes real property. And if real property is severed from the land (rendered unattached) it becomes personal property. Examples abound. A person buys a furnace. The furnace company dispatches a technician to deliver and install the heating system. Before installation the heating system is personal property. It has corporeal presence and it can be moved around as witnessed by the fact that the technician picked it up at the warehouse, loaded it into his truck, drove it to the house, unloaded it, placed it in the basement and hooked it up to the house. The "hooking up" is the act that transformed what was personal property to real property. Once it is installed it has become "attached to the land" (the house) and is now considered real property. The attachment to the house has to be more than casual for personal property to become real property. For example, a table lamp that is plugged into a wall socket is not real property. A window air conditioning unit is not real property.
735:
with the consent of the owner, could not be prosecuted for larceny. Clearly the owner of the horse had given the defendant possession of the animal – he had agreed that the defendant could borrow the horse to ride to Surrey. The case would seem to have been cut and dried – the doctrine of possessorial immunity applied and the defendant was therefore not guilty of larceny. The court held that consent induced by fraud was not consent in the eyes of the law. The fraudulent act that induced the owner to transfer possession "vitiated" the consent. This concept of consent broadened the scope of larceny. Before, consent meant the voluntary relinquishment of possession and thus property was wrongfully taken only if the defendant acquired possession by stealth, force or threat of force.
495:
jurisdictions, a central air conditioning unit changes from personal property to real property (a fixture) once it is attached to a building. Modernly, severance of a fixture from the realty would convert the fixture from real property back to personal property. However, the common law stated that if the severance and carrying away of a fixture were one continuous act, no larceny would occur. The defendant's actions in this example would thus merely constitute damage to real property, and would further not result in possession of stolen property since no larceny had taken place. However, if the person disconnected the air conditioner, left the premises to find someone to help him move the unit, returned and loaded the unit on his truck and left, the crime would be larceny.
705:
goods "by virtue of her employment"; that is, that the employee had the authority to exercise substantial control over the goods. Typically, in determining whether the employee had sufficient control the courts will look at factors such as the job title, job description and the particular employment practices. For example, the manager of a shoe department at a store would likely have sufficient control over the shoes that if she converted the goods to her own use she would be guilty of embezzlement. On the other hand, if the same employee were to steal cosmetics from the cosmetic counter, so long as they did not convert the product, the crime would not be embezzlement but larceny. For a case that exemplifies the difficulty of distinguishing larceny and embezzlement see
757:
episode the courts doubtlessly would treat the act as one crime. The same result would obtain if the thief stole items from the same victim over a period of time on the grounds that the stealing was pursuant to a common scheme or plan. The effect would be that the state could aggregate the value of the various items taken in determining whether the crime was a felony or misdemeanor. Such a result would not always work to the criminal's detriment. Aggregation is also generally permitted when the thief steals property from multiple victims at the same time. For example, a thief steals "rims" from several cars parked in the same lot. On the other hand, aggregation is not permitted when a thief steals items from various victims at different times and places.
212:
297:
knocking an article from a person's hand was not larceny, as long as the defendant did not thereafter take it. The control must be complete. In a famous case, the defendant removed an overcoat from a department store mannequin and began to walk away with it. The overcoat was secured to the mannequin by a chain, a fact the defendant first discovered when the chain drew taut. These actions were held not to be larceny because the defendant never had complete control over the disposition and use of the coat.
1700:
2115:
748:
customer's account, the teller had possession of the property and his misappropriation would be embezzlement rather than larceny. However, once the teller transfers possession of the money to his employer, by placing the money in the till for example, the subsequent taking would be larceny rather than embezzlement. This rule does not apply if the teller intending to steal the property places the money in the till merely as a temporary repository or to hide his peculation.
2124:
1982:
350:, for example, the New York Court of Appeals eliminated the asportation requirement. In that case the defendant entered a stranger's car and turned on the car's lights and engine. The Court read asportation as merely a corroborative element of possession and control, and thus not necessary to establish possession and control of a car because transportation is the purpose of a car. Turning it on suffices to establish that the thief has taken possession and control.
372:
1994:
343:
package of steaks intending to steal them then changes her or his mind and puts the steak back in the meat counter, the crime of larceny has been committed but the state will have a difficult time proving it. However, if the thief conceals the steaks by sticking them inside clothing, his or her intent is rather clear. Of course, there could still be an innocent if bizarre explanation.
744:
have possession rather than custody and the misappropriation of the property would likely be embezzlement rather than larceny. Determining whether an employee has custody or possession can be difficult. A careful examination of the employee's duties and responsibilities, his authority over the property and the actual business practices is required.
646:
property taken. For example, North
Carolina General Statutes Section 14 - 72 (b)(1) makes the crime of larceny a felony "without regard to value" if the larceny is (1) from the person (2) committed pursuant to certain types of breaking or enterings (3) of any explosive or incendiary device or (4) of any firearm. The modern spelling is
300:
The taking may be only momentary. In another famous case, the defendant snatched an earring from the victim which immediately became entangled in the victim's hair. The court held that the defendant's control over the property, although momentary, was sufficient to constitute a taking. The taking may
1295:
For example, one can steal a person's social security card and use the information to obtain a credit card and make transactions. However, using the social security number is not larceny because the information, although of substantial value, is not tangible personal property. The theft of the card
756:
Thievery may well involve many items of personal property stolen from multiple victims. Questions arise as to whether such situations are to be treated as one large theft or multiple small ones. The answer depends on the circumstances. If a thief steals multiple items from one victim during a single
743:
An employee is generally presumed to have custody rather than possession of property of his employer used during his employment. Thus the misappropriation would be larceny. However, officers, managers and employees who have significant authority over the disposition or use of the employer's property
503:
The property taken must be "of another". Thus wild animals cannot be stolen, although possession of a wild animal can itself be unlawful. Nor can co-owners be guilty of larceny. Larceny is a crime against possession. Therefore, it is possible for the person who has title to the property to steal the
540:
A person who takes property of another under the mistaken belief that the property belongs to him does not have the requisite intent to steal; nor does a person "intend to steal" property when he takes property intending to make temporary use of it and then return the property to the owner within a
494:
The restriction of the scope of larceny to personal property may have practical consequences. For example, a person may "steal" a central air conditioning unit by cutting the connections to the house, removing the unit from its concrete pad and hauling the disconnected unit away in a truck. In most
328:
Traditionally, a thief must not only gain dominion over the property, but also must move it from its original position. The slightest movement, a hair's breadth, is sufficient. However, the entirety of the property must be moved. As
Professor Wayne LaFave noted, at its most literal this requirement
1139:
Originally, the caption element required an actual physical taking of the property from the victim's person. Takings accomplished by stealth or deceit were not punishable. This limitation existed because larceny's original purpose was to punish breaches of peace rather than violations of property
747:
If a third party transfers possession of property to an employee for delivery to his employer, the employee has possession of the property and his conversion of the property would be embezzlement rather than larceny. For example, if a customer of a bank delivers money to a teller to deposit in the
734:
decided in 1779. The issue was whether a person who had fraudulently obtained possession of personal property (a horse) could be convicted of larceny. The chief impediment to conviction was the doctrine of possessorial immunity which said that a person who had acquired possession lawfully, that is
663:
As noted above one cannot steal items "affixed to the earth" because such things are not personal property. However, one of the remarkable qualities of property is its shiftiness: its ability to change its character often and quickly, from real to personal and from personal to real. The principal
704:
In the case where it is a form of theft, distinguishing between embezzlement and larceny can be tricky. Making the distinction is particularly difficult when dealing with misappropriations of property by employees. To prove embezzlement, the state must show that the employee had possession of the
549:
Larceny protects the possession of goods – objects that have economic value. A good has economic value if it has a price; that is, the property can be sold in a market. Thus, if the property taken has no economic value, it is not subject to larceny statutes. Under contemporary larceny laws, it is
342:
Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary that the property be removed from the owner's premises or be taken off his property for an asportation to be complete. The slightest movement from its original position with the intent to steal is enough. The problem is proof. If a person picks up a
1599:
North
Carolina courts interpreted a statute passed by Parliament in 1528 as creating an offense called "larceny by employee"; an offense that was separate and distinct from common law larceny. However, as Perkins notes, the purpose of the statute was not to create a new offense but was merely to
641:
is a French word meaning "small"). Both were felonies, but the punishment for grand larceny was death while the punishment for petit larceny was forfeiture of property to the Crown and whipping. The classification was based on the value of the property taken. The offence was grand larceny if the
312:
To "deprive" another of property means (a) to withhold it or cause it to be withheld from him permanently or for so extended a period or under such circumstances that the major portion of its economic value or benefit is lost to him, or (b) to dispose of the property in such manner or under such
536:
The offender must have taken the property with the intent to steal it. Traditionally intent to steal is defined as the intent to deprive the owner of the possession of the property permanently. "Permanently" means indefinitely, that is, with no plan to return the property to the rightful owner.
338:
in his yard. As was his custom he turned the wheelbarrow upside down to avoid water collecting in the tub. The defendant intending to steal the wheelbarrow turned it over but was apprehended by the owner before he could push the wheelbarrow away. The court held that the defendant's acts did not
296:
The taking or caption element requires that the offender take actual physical control of the property, if but for a moment. Under the common law, it was not sufficient if the offender simply deprived the victim of possession; the offender must have gained control over the property. Thus merely
645:
Most jurisdictions have discarded the grand/petit terminology and use value to classify larcenies as felonies or misdemeanors. "Value" means the fair market value of the property at the time and place taken. Most jurisdictions also make certain larcenies felonies regardless of the value of the
357:
eliminates the asportation requirement and instead requires that the defendant "exercise unlawful control". The drafters noted that historically the asportation requirement distinguished larceny (a felony) and attempted larceny (a misdemeanor). They reasoned, therefore, that asportation was an
696:
or transaction log as being used for one specific purpose and then explicitly uses the funds from the checking account for another and completely different purpose. It is important to make clear that embezzlement is not always a form of theft or an act of stealing, since those definitions
683:. To say that the taking was not trespassory is to say that the person(s) performing the embezzlement had the right to possess, use, and/or access the assets in question, and that such person(s) subsequently secreted and converted the assets for an unintended and/or unsanctioned use.
280:
Examples of custody would be a store customer examining the goods of a merchant, or an employee who has been given the property of his employer to be used in his employment. This is to be contrasted to, for example, a person who has obtained actual possession of the property by fraud.
508:
on the car to secure payment for the work. The lien is a possessory lien meaning the repair person has the lien as long as he maintains possession of the car. If the title owner were to take the car from the lienholder this action could be prosecuted as larceny in some jurisdictions.
517:
The taking must be trespassory; that is, it must be without the consent of the owner. This means that the taking must have been accomplished by stealth, force, threat of force, or deceit. If the offender obtained possession lawfully then a subsequent misappropriation is not larceny.
288:(first 50 years of written University law, possibly borrowing from Greek law there is no copy of) was more lax about "simple possession"; it was assumed "borrowing" if there was no one to ask: unless or until other factors arose (such as refusal to return promptly when asked).
333:
of the doughnut is moved through rotation while the pie's exact center remains in the same place when rotated. The movement must also be an actual asportation, rather than movement in preparation. For example, in one case the victim had left his
490:
Most states have enacted statutes to expand the coverage of larceny to include most if not all of the items mentioned above. For example, North
Carolina has statutes that make it a crime to steal choses in action, growing crops and so on.
272:
A person has possession of property when he has actual physical control over the property (actual possession) or he has the right to exercise considerable control over the disposition or use of the property (constructive
424:
From its creation the subject matter of larceny has been tangible personal property, with a physical existence: items that can be seen, held, and felt (or in technical terms, property that has a "corporeal existence").
697:
specifically deal with taking something that does not belong to the perpetrator(s). Instead, embezzlement is, more generically, an act of deceitfully secreting assets by one or more persons that have been
267:
taking of property from possession of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of that property. To understand larceny, one must understand the distinction between custody and possession.
687:
requires that the secretion interferes with the property, rather than just relocate it. As in larceny, the measure is not the gain to the embezzler, but the loss to the asset stakeholders. An example of
626:. In Virginia the threshold is only $ 5 if taken from a person, or $ 500 if not taken from the person. The same penalty applies for stealing checks as for cash or other valuables. Some states (such as
231:
taking (caption) and carrying away (asportation, removal) of the tangible personal property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of its possession. Larceny is now codified as a
276:
A person has custody if he has actual physical control of the property, but the person who has constructive possession has substantially restricted the custodian's right to use the property.
195:
The common law offence of larceny was abolished on 1 August 1969, for all purposes not relating to offences committed before that date. It has been replaced by the broader offence of
126:
specifies the punishment for larceny, it is silent on the elements of the offence, leaving them to be articulated by the common law. The leading authority on larceny in NSW is the
464:, the crime would be larceny, but the grade of the offense would be determined by the value of the paper on which the formula was recorded, not the value of the recipe. (Theft of
541:
reasonable time. However, it is not a defense that the defendant did not know that the property belonged to the true owner, only that he knew that it did not belong to him.
358:
irrelevant requirement because in modern criminal law, like the Model Penal Code, the sentencing consequences between an attempted and completed crime are negligible.
1640:
618:, it is often defined as an amount valued at least $ 400. In New York, grand larceny refers to amounts of at least $ 1,000. Grand larceny is often classified as a
650:
for the misdemeanor level. Some states may also charge certain types of larceny as "robbery", "burglary", "theft", "shoplifting", "conversion", and other terms.
179:. This offence did incorporate some of the terminology and substance of larceny. Despite the offence's being abolished in England, it has been retained in the
122:
In the state of New South Wales, the common law offence of larceny is punishable with up to 5 years' imprisonment. Whilst section 117 of the New South Wales
150:
The common law offence of larceny was abolished on 1 August 2002. However, proceedings for larceny committed before its abolition are not affected by this.
903:
887:
871:
171:. It was abolished on 1 January 1969, for all purposes not relating to offences committed before that date. It has been replaced by the broader offence of
251:
Larceny is a crime against possession. Furthermore, it has two elements which must be met: the actual taking of the property, even if momentarily (
1021:
1286:
Larceny is a common law offense. The definition of the crime, its elements, evolved into its present form by the end of the thirteenth century.
1633:
1579:
238:
Under many states' larceny statutes, including
California, larceny can include the taking of "money, labor, or real or personal property."
487:, or other testamentary documents; wild animals; and items having no economic value cannot be the subjects of acts of common-law larceny.
537:
However, intent to steal includes other states of mind such as the intent to recklessly deprive the owner of the property permanently.
1047:
550:
normally sufficient to support a larceny charge if the item has any value to the owner, even if its market value would be negligible.
339:
satisfy the asportation element of larceny because the movement of the wheelbarrow had merely been preparatory to the carrying away.
2037:
1626:
48:
The crime of larceny has been abolished in
England, Wales, Ireland, and Northern Ireland, broken up into the specific crimes of
1781:
1096:
1833:
642:
value of the property taken was greater than twelve pence, approximately the value of a sheep in the thirteenth century.
1430:
786:
1100:
2872:
1373:
1317:
1128:
1007:
992:
977:
411:
200:
504:
property from a person who had lawful possession. For example, states provide that a person who repairs a car had a
2714:
2636:
1708:
1296:
itself is larceny but that would only be a misdemeanor given the minimal value of the paper used to print the card.
1076:
701:
with such assets. The person(s) entrusted with such assets may or may not have an ownership stake in such assets.
1649:
2862:
393:
875:
2004:
2709:
811:
2030:
2832:
2817:
1080:
633:
The classification of larceny as grand or petit larceny originated in an
English statute passed in 1275 (
581:
of the property at the time and place of the crime, or if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the
838:
2399:
2140:
1747:
1737:
960:
1913:
1689:
1553:, Singer and LaFond provide an analytical method for making these distinctions. Singer & LaFond,
1199:
605:
1485:
2867:
1421:
445:
389:
20:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1174:
301:
be either direct or indirect; that is, accomplished by the criminal himself or an innocent agent.
215:
Chart indicating the distribution of forms of larceny in the United States, according to the 2004
2514:
2023:
858:
730:
Larceny by trick is descriptive of the method used to obtain possession. The concept arose from
382:
127:
60:, theft, and related crimes. However, larceny remains an offence in parts of the United States,
2822:
2626:
2616:
2239:
2114:
1699:
1416:
554:
2857:
2611:
2376:
1871:
1191:
457:
38:
2704:
2621:
2606:
2500:
1908:
1903:
1794:
570:
216:
854:
8:
2794:
2170:
2058:
1961:
936:
920:
471:
Services and labor, as well as intangible personal property (incorporeal rights) such as
996:
981:
2719:
2699:
2664:
2654:
2274:
2255:
2185:
2094:
1771:
1684:
164:
1600:
confirm that the acts described in the statute met the elements of common law larceny.
891:
2724:
2560:
2215:
2180:
1828:
1426:
1369:
1313:
1195:
1124:
1092:
724:
461:
77:
444:. Acts of common law larceny cannot be committed against intangible things, such as
33:
of the personal property of another person or business. It was an offence under the
2780:
2486:
2424:
2321:
1843:
1799:
1732:
582:
354:
180:
168:
1618:
428:
This limitation means that acts of common law larceny cannot be committed against
2754:
2680:
2356:
2262:
2160:
2089:
1818:
1305:
1120:
1084:
614:
is typically defined as larceny of a more significant amount of property. In the
123:
65:
329:
renders the rotating of a doughnut a larceny, but not the rotating of a pie, as
313:
circumstances as to render it unlikely that an owner will recover such property.
211:
2852:
2764:
2759:
2729:
2551:
2245:
2099:
1998:
1887:
1853:
1809:
1766:
1761:
1510:
947:
932:
916:
693:
627:
623:
484:
449:
176:
142:
elements required to be proven by the prosecution for a successful conviction.
888:
Criminal
Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001 (Commencement) Order 2002
2846:
2496:
2394:
2200:
2150:
1838:
1756:
1690:
Contempt of sovereign or statute (breach of any statutory wording as a crime)
1088:
766:
615:
601:
566:
562:
429:
232:
42:
2804:
2739:
2346:
2235:
2220:
1950:
1866:
672:
578:
465:
2827:
2508:
2504:
2414:
2165:
2079:
1679:
731:
335:
37:
of
England and became an offence in jurisdictions which incorporated the
2799:
2585:
2466:
2461:
2341:
2225:
2205:
2195:
2175:
2129:
2104:
2074:
1986:
1934:
1716:
1659:
1268:
Model Penal Code and
Commentaries, Comment to §223.2(1), at 164 (1980).
558:
480:
396: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
346:
That said, the asportation requirement is not universally required. In
253:
224:
139:
88:
The word "larceny" is a late Middle English word, from the French word
34:
1522:
Boyce & Perkins, Criminal Law 3rd ed. (Foundation Press 1982) 335.
2769:
2749:
2734:
2669:
2575:
2570:
2539:
2529:
2491:
2429:
2409:
2351:
2326:
1955:
1918:
285:
101:
2123:
1981:
675:
differs from larceny in two ways. First, in embezzlement, an actual
460:, such as information and ideas. For example, if a person stole the
371:
2689:
2659:
2580:
2524:
2476:
2451:
2433:
2371:
2336:
2307:
2289:
2284:
2267:
2230:
2210:
1823:
680:
472:
264:
259:
228:
135:
49:
1962:
Until-dawn detention for being a stranger passing a night-watchman
1022:"What's the Punishment for Theft? Depends On What State You're In"
2789:
2631:
2597:
2565:
2534:
2481:
2456:
2404:
2384:
2361:
2331:
2294:
2279:
2190:
2155:
2015:
1789:
961:"What is larceny? The meaning of the charge Danny Cipriani faced"
561:, and items of unascertainable value have special rules, and for
441:
432:
or items attached to or forming part of land, such as buildings,
257:), and the culpable intent to deprive another of their property (
53:
80:
without the owner's consent and without intending to return it.
2694:
2519:
2389:
2250:
2084:
1965:
1674:
619:
531:
184:
61:
1229:
See State v. Houston, 688 S.W.2d 838, 840 (Tenn.Cr.App. 1984).
2419:
2366:
2316:
2047:
718:
630:) use the term "felonious larceny" instead of grand larceny.
476:
453:
437:
196:
172:
57:
30:
787:"Danny Cipriani arrested in Jersey after nightclub incident"
2744:
2471:
573:
100 or greater. Otherwise, value is defined generally as:
505:
433:
1186:
West Virginia v. Chambers, 22 W. Va. 779 (1883); see also
1220:
Boyce & Perkins, Criminal Law, 3rd ed. (1992) at 324.
585:
of the property within a reasonable time after the crime.
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
600:"Grand larceny" redirects here. For the 1987 film, see
1540:
Singer & LaFond, Criminal Law (Aspen 1997) at 213.
830:
828:
727:(deception) to get possession of property is larceny.
223:
Larceny laws in the United States have their roots in
2119:
1105:
904:
Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001
872:
Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001
679:
must occur; second, the original taking must not be
1648:
1445:See N.Y. Penal L. § 155.20 (2), (3), (4), found at
1123:, Understanding Criminal Law, 3rd ed. (Lexis 2001)
825:
521:
1211:LaFave, Criminal Law 3rd ed. (West 2000) 804 n. 11
1486:"Virginia Grand Larceny Law Changes July 1, 2018"
2844:
667:
622:with the concomitant possibility of a harsher
2031:
1634:
246:
45:), where in many cases it remains in force.
29:is a crime involving the unlawful taking or
16:Crime, unlawful taking of personal property
2038:
2024:
1641:
1627:
1420:
1384:N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 14-70 through 14-86.3.
812:"NSW Crimes Act 1900 No. 40, section 117"
412:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:, pursuant to which larceny involves the
210:
1569:, 1 Leach 212, 168 Eng.Rep. 208 (1779).
1340:Criminal Law: Examples and Explanations
1238:34 N.Y.2d 453, 358 N.Y.S.2d 375 (1974).
1164:, 1 Leach 320, 168 Eng.Rep. 263 (1784).
784:
709:, 359 N.C. 246; 607 S.E.2d 599 (2005).
637:is a French word meaning "large" while
2845:
1410:
163:The common law offence of larceny was
92:, "theft". Its probable Latin root is
2019:
1622:
1471:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.20 (1), found at
1458:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.30 (8), found at
1173:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.00 (3), found at
1019:
751:
394:adding citations to reliable sources
365:
361:
158:
1415:. Lexington Press. pp. 28–29.
190:
68:, Australia, involving the taking (
13:
2045:
1401:, 47 Ariz. 573, 58 P.2d 523 (1936)
1073:Criminal Law - Cases and Materials
1066:
1052:California Legislative Information
890:(S.I. No. 252/2002), article 2(a)
785:Meagher, Gerard (16 August 2018).
692:is when a person logs checks in a
544:
512:
117:
14:
2884:
1881:Forgery, personation and cheating
1580:"Browse - Central Criminal Court"
1397:, 3rd ed. (West 2000) 812 citing
1077:Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
1048:"California Penal Code, Sec. 487"
1008:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
993:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
978:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
658:
440:, crops growing in the field, or
201:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
153:
134:(1987). This case stipulates the
2637:Perverting the course of justice
2122:
2113:
2061:. Not all types are listed here.
1992:
1980:
1698:
1020:Gayla, Marella (9 August 2017).
980:(c.16) (N.I.), section 30(1)(a)
653:
595:
370:
206:
2377:Intellectual property violation
2003:For current overview table see
1650:History of English criminal law
1613:, 3rd ed. (West 2000) Sec. 8.4.
1603:
1593:
1572:
1560:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1504:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1404:
1387:
1378:
1358:
1345:
1332:
1323:
1299:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1180:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1133:
1039:
1013:
1001:
986:
971:
953:
941:
738:
468:would be a different offense.)
381:needs additional citations for
1054:. California State Legislature
925:
909:
896:
880:
864:
844:
804:
778:
604:. For the 1922 lost film, see
1:
1177:. Retrieved october 2, 2008.
995:(c.16) (N.I.), section 33(1)
772:
498:
323:
1475:. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
1462:. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
1449:. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
668:Comparison with embezzlement
112:
107:
83:
7:
1928:Death against family honour
1795:Gross indecency between men
1748:Offences against the person
1531:N.C.G.S. 14 - 72(b)(1)- (6)
1473:N.Y. state Assembly website
1460:N.Y. state Assembly website
1447:N.Y. state Assembly website
1342:, 4th ed. Aspen (2005) 256.
760:
712:
590:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.20 (1).
318:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.00 (3).
241:
235:in all U.S. jurisdictions.
10:
2889:
2400:Possessing stolen property
1696:
1492:. Commonwealth of Virginia
1310:Understanding Criminal Law
716:
599:
553:Under New York State law,
529:
308:" is also sometimes used:
199:under section 1(1) of the
175:under section 1(1) of the
145:
18:
2814:
2779:
2679:
2646:
2595:
2549:
2443:
2305:
2139:
2111:
2067:
2054:
1975:
1943:
1927:
1914:Champerty and maintenance
1896:
1880:
1854:Offences against property
1852:
1808:
1780:
1746:
1725:
1707:
1667:
1656:
1513:, Code of Virginia, 1950.
1338:See Singer & LaFond,
1175:NY State assembly website
919:(c.60), section 32(1)(a)
606:Grand Larceny (1922 film)
565:in the fourth degree, a
247:Possession versus custody
41:into their own law (also
2873:Organized crime activity
2499:(such as prohibition of
1897:Offences against justice
814:. Legislation.nsw.gov.au
263:). Larceny involves the
21:Larceny (disambiguation)
1968:and similar punishments
1411:Bequai, August (1978).
1312:, 3rd ed. (Lexis 2001)
1192:[1964] VicRp 41
291:
128:High Court of Australia
100:, "robber" (originally
2617:Miscarriage of justice
935:(c.60), section 35(1)
874:(No.50), section 3(2)
857:, (1987) 162 CLR 110,
841:Punishment for larceny
593:
321:
220:
2863:Personal property law
2612:Malfeasance in office
2057:Note: Crimes vary by
1872:Fraudulent conversion
1582:. Oldbaileyonline.org
1364:Boyce & Perkins,
1355:(Aspen 1987), at 256.
1351:Singer & LaFond,
1202:(Vic, Australia).
1152:, 75 Cal. 383 (1888).
906:(No.50), section 3(3)
575:
458:intellectual property
310:
304:The equivalent term "
214:
72:) and carrying away (
39:common law of England
2705:Cybersex trafficking
2467:Censorship violation
2005:English criminal law
1909:Compounding a felony
1904:Misprision of felony
1812:and kindred offences
1490:Virginia Law Library
1026:The Marshall Project
855:[1987] HCA 1
390:improve this article
217:Uniform Crime Report
19:For other uses, see
2497:Illegal consumption
2171:Criminal negligence
1329:4 Blackstone at 232
892:Irishstatutebook.ie
876:Irishstatutebook.ie
583:cost of replacement
569:must have value of
555:written instruments
2700:Child sexual abuse
2665:Wildlife smuggling
2655:Cruelty to animals
2444:Against the public
2275:Negligent homicide
2186:False imprisonment
2141:Against the person
1999:History portal
1964:; informal use of
1944:Criminal behaviour
1685:Arrestable offence
1557:(Aspen 1997), 221.
1010:(c.16), section 30
997:Legislation.gov.uk
982:Legislation.gov.uk
967:. August 16, 2018.
950:(c.60), section 32
937:Legislation.gov.uk
921:Legislation.gov.uk
752:Aggregation issues
353:Additionally, the
221:
96:, a derivative of
2840:
2839:
2823:Wikimedia Commons
2781:Inchoate offenses
2725:Indecent exposure
2216:Human trafficking
2181:Domestic violence
2013:
2012:
1829:Blasphemous libel
1709:Inchoate offences
1668:Classes of crimes
1368:, 3rd ed. (1992)
1259:Section 223.2(1).
1097:978-1-4548-0698-1
725:confidence tricks
522:Intent to steal (
462:Coca-Cola formula
446:love or affection
422:
421:
414:
362:Personal property
159:England and Wales
78:personal property
2880:
2487:Ethnic cleansing
2425:Trespass to land
2322:Arms trafficking
2132:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2017:
2016:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1844:Defamatory libel
1800:Indecent assault
1733:Marital coercion
1702:
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1101:law.stanford.edu
1075:, 7th ed. 2012,
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559:utility services
477:choses in action
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355:Model Penal Code
319:
191:Northern Ireland
181:Crown Dependency
169:Larceny Act 1916
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2868:Property crimes
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2755:Sex trafficking
2681:Sexual offenses
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2647:Against animals
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2357:False pretenses
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2263:Preterintention
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1819:Seditious libel
1804:
1782:Sexual offences
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1399:Impson v. State
1392:
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1383:
1379:
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1350:
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1337:
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1328:
1324:
1306:Joshua Dressler
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1156:
1150:People v. Meyer
1148:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1121:Joshua Dressler
1119:
1106:
1085:Robert Weisberg
1071:
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835:Crimes Act 1900
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707:State v. Weaver
670:
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545:Must have value
534:
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513:Without consent
501:
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348:People v. Alamo
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233:statutory crime
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124:Crimes Act 1900
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118:New South Wales
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66:New South Wales
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1987:Law portal
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1549:In their book
1542:
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1503:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1438:
1432:978-0669017281
1431:
1422:10.1.1.71.2420
1413:Computer Crime
1403:
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1166:
1162:King v. Lapier
1154:
1142:
1132:
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1065:
1038:
1012:
1000:
985:
970:
952:
948:Theft Act 1968
940:
933:Theft Act 1968
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917:Theft Act 1968
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659:Subject matter
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628:North Carolina
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2201:Home invasion
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1757:Petty treason
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612:Grand larceny
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402:December 2008
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40:
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2858:Criminal law
2805:Solicitation
2740:Prostitution
2730:Masturbation
2561:Lèse-majesté
2550:Against the
2347:Embezzlement
2236:Manslaughter
2221:Intimidation
2059:jurisdiction
2056:
1951:Common scold
1867:Embezzlement
1861:
1680:Misdemeanour
1658:Part of the
1611:Criminal Law
1610:
1605:
1595:
1584:. Retrieved
1574:
1566:
1562:
1555:Criminal Law
1554:
1551:Criminal Law
1550:
1545:
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1518:
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1494:. Retrieved
1489:
1480:
1467:
1454:
1441:
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1395:Criminal Law
1394:
1389:
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1366:Criminal Law
1365:
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1353:Criminal Law
1352:
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1339:
1334:
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1282:
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1264:
1255:
1250:at 379, 381.
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1182:
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1145:
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1025:
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861:(Australia).
850:
846:
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806:
794:. Retrieved
791:The Guardian
790:
780:
755:
746:
742:
739:By employees
729:
722:
706:
703:
698:
689:
684:
676:
673:Embezzlement
671:
662:
647:
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638:
634:
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611:
610:
579:market value
576:
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539:
535:
523:
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493:
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448:, identity (
427:
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388:Please help
383:verification
380:
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273:possession).
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93:
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73:
69:
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26:
25:
2710:Fornication
2627:Obstruction
2607:Compounding
2415:Tax evasion
2166:Child abuse
2080:Misdemeanor
1738:Provocation
1567:King v Pear
1081:John Kaplan
1045:See, e.g.,
965:inews.co.uk
732:Pear's Case
681:trespassory
475:rights and
336:wheelbarrow
265:trespassory
229:trespassory
94:latrocinium
74:asportation
2847:Categories
2818:WikiSource
2800:Incitement
2795:Conspiracy
2670:Bestiality
2622:Misprision
2586:Subversion
2540:War crimes
2535:Usurpation
2462:Corruption
2342:Cybercrime
2226:Kidnapping
2206:Hate crime
2196:Harassment
2176:Defamation
2130:Law portal
2105:Corruption
2095:Indictable
2075:Infraction
1935:Felo de se
1717:Incitement
1660:common law
1586:2013-11-12
1511:§ 18.2-98.
1058:30 October
1031:30 October
859:High Court
839:s 117
818:2013-11-12
773:References
717:See also:
690:conversion
685:Conversion
677:conversion
530:See also:
499:Of another
324:Carry away
254:actus reus
225:common law
140:actus reus
35:common law
2828:Wikiquote
2770:Voyeurism
2750:Pederasty
2735:Obscenity
2576:Secession
2571:Espionage
2530:Terrorism
2492:Smuggling
2430:Vandalism
2410:Smuggling
2352:Extortion
2327:Blackmail
2240:corporate
2046:Types of
1956:Loitering
1919:Embracery
1834:Blasphemy
1772:Treachery
1417:CiteSeerX
1140:interests
851:Ilich v R
796:16 August
699:entrusted
438:shrubbery
286:Roman law
132:Ilich v R
113:Australia
108:By nation
102:mercenary
84:Etymology
64:, and in
2833:Wikinews
2690:Adultery
2660:Poaching
2596:Against
2581:Sedition
2525:Regicide
2477:Genocide
2452:Apostasy
2434:Mischief
2372:Gambling
2337:Burglary
2308:property
2306:Against
2290:Stabbing
2285:Stalking
2268:Homicide
2231:Menacing
2211:Homicide
1888:Cheating
1824:Sedition
1750:or state
1726:Defences
1609:Lafave,
1393:Lafave,
761:See also
713:By trick
624:sentence
588:—
485:codicils
473:contract
442:minerals
316:—
284:Ancient
260:mens rea
242:Elements
165:codified
136:mens rea
130:case of
50:burglary
2790:Attempt
2632:Perjury
2598:justice
2566:Treason
2509:smoking
2505:alcohol
2472:Dueling
2457:Begging
2405:Robbery
2385:Looting
2381:Larceny
2362:Forgery
2332:Bribery
2295:Torture
2280:Robbery
2238: (
2191:Frameup
2161:Battery
2156:Assault
2090:Summary
2068:Classes
1862:Larceny
1790:Buggery
1496:25 June
1320:at 556.
306:deprive
167:by the
146:Ireland
70:caption
54:robbery
27:Larceny
2720:Incest
2695:Bigamy
2520:Piracy
2507:, and
2390:Payola
2256:felony
2251:Murder
2246:Mayhem
2100:Hybrid
2085:Felony
1966:stocks
1675:Felony
1662:series
1429:
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1095:
837:(NSW)
723:Using
620:felony
532:Furtum
456:), or
185:Jersey
90:larcin
62:Jersey
2853:Theft
2552:state
2501:drugs
2420:Theft
2367:Fraud
2317:Arson
2048:crime
1277:§5.01
1198:293,
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719:Fraud
639:petit
635:grand
481:wills
454:fraud
434:trees
197:theft
173:theft
98:latro
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58:fraud
31:theft
2745:Rape
1498:2018
1427:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1060:2017
1033:2017
931:The
915:The
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886:The
870:The
798:2018
577:the
506:lien
430:land
292:Take
138:and
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