126:
254:, especially from the early 1st century BC, as a way to reward Roman army veterans created smaller landholdings, which would then be acquired by large landowners in times of economic distress. Such consolidation into fewer hands, mainly patricians, was not universally approved of, but efforts to reverse the trend by
351:(died AD 79) as he travelled, seeing only slaves working the land, not the sturdy Roman farmers who had been the backbone of the Republic's army. His writings can be seen as a part of the "conservative" reaction to the profit-oriented new attitudes of the upper classes of the Early Empire. He argued that the
362:
As small farms were bought up by the wealthy with their vast supply of slaves, the newly landless peasantry moved to the city of Rome, where they became dependent on state subsidies. Free peasants did not completely disappear; many became tenants on estates that were worked in two ways: partly
639:
occurs but once (in Pliny's
Natural History 13.92, with the meaning "estate", suggesting to Anton J.L. van Hooff an undefined, colloquial deprecating term, rather than a description of a particular type of farm. To the linguistic evidence presented by K.D. White,
313:
and productivity, and senator owners did not pay land taxes. Owners re-invested their profits by purchasing smaller neighbouring farms, since smaller farms had lower productivity and could not compete, in an ancient precursor of
258:
were generally unsuccessful. Later in the Empire, as leases were inherited, ownership of the former common lands became established by tradition, and the leases became taxable. Ownership of land, organised in the
267:
class as it was their only acceptable source of wealth., though they would set up their freedmen as merchant traders and participate as silent partners in businesses from which senators were disqualified.
717:
A. Carandini, Il latifondo in epoca romana, fra Italia e province, in Du
Latifundium au latifondo, Un héritage de Rome, une creation médiévale ou modèrne, Actes de la table ronde (Bordeaux 1992), Paris,
244:(state-owned land) that accumulated from the spoils of war, confiscated from conquered peoples beginning in the 3rd century BC. As much as a third of the arable land of a new province was taken for
248:
and then divided up with at least the fiction of a competitive auction for leased estates rather than outright ownership. Later, the practice of establishing agricultural
112:), in their empires. The forced recruitment of local labourers allowed by colonial law made these land grants particularly lucrative for their owners.
370:
went into crisis between the 1st and 2nd century as the supply of slaves dwindled due to lack of new conquests. Nevertheless, by the 2nd century AD,
359:, which may be a piece of rhetorical exaggeration as the North African cities were filled with flourishing landowners who filled the town councils.
434:
of Muslim territories provided the
Christian kingdom with sudden extensions of land, which the kings ceded as rewards to nobility, mercenaries and
764:
Laura
Tedeschi. Ville romane tardoantiche della regione Marche, Master's thesis submitted to obtain the degree of Master in Archeology 2013–2014.
594:
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dominated the island from medieval times. They were only abolished by sweeping land reform mandating smaller farms in 1950–1962, funded from the
458:
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and wine. Nevertheless, Rome had to import grain (in the
Republican period, from Sicily and North Africa; in the Imperial era, from Egypt).
280:, including an often luxurious owner's residence, and operation of the farm relied on a large number of slaves, sometimes kept in an
450:. The gifts finished the traditional small private ownership of land, eliminating a social class that had also been typical of the
355:
had ruined Italy and would ruin the Roman provinces as well. He reported that at one point, just six owners possessed half of the
692:
Pierre Grimal, La Vie à Rome dans l'Antiquité, in Que sais-je ?, n° 596, 10ª ed., Presses universitaires de France, 1994.
190:
162:
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209:
861:
765:
169:
839:
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were the closest approximation to industrialised agriculture in antiquity, and their economics depended upon
58:
612:
484:, landless peasants who are hired by the latifundists as "day workers" for specific seasonal campaigns. The
143:
572:
158:
742:
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specialising in agriculture destined for sale: grain, olive oil, or wine. They were characteristic of
658:,1 (1st Quarter 1982:126-128), and found that two were "in a neutral, almost technical way" (p. 128).
457:
In the
Iberian peninsula, the possessions of the Church did not pass to private ownership until the
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829:
529:
409:
50:
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356:
136:
77:
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871:
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597: – A concept in the social sciences describing the civil organization of latin america
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834:
I. The Slave
Economy, Book Two: Society In The Roman Empire, Foundations of Christianity.
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Very extensive parcel of privately owned land both in antique Rome and in modern days
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directly controlled by the owner and worked by slaves and partly leased to tenants.
462:
447:
333:
109:
62:
496:. Still today, among the main Andalusian trade unions is the Rural Workers Union (
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had replaced many small and medium-sized farms in some areas of the Roman Empire.
845:
534:
392:
348:
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42:
806:
Recherches sur les agronomes latins et leurs conceptions Ă©conomiques et sociales
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https://www.academia.edu/19881526/Ville_romane_tardoantiche_della_regione_Marche
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in Roman texts, Van Hooff added five more instances in "Some More
Latifundia"
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46:
38:
679:
413:, the Italian government's development fund for southern Italy (1950–1984).
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quickly started economic consolidation as larger estates achieved greater
848:. Hunter College Department of Economics Working Papers with number 02/1.
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442:, which had been first established as the commercial olive oil and grain
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Dr
Frithjof Kuhnen, (University of Göttingen), "Latifundia (Hacienda)"
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286:. They produced agricultural products for sale and profit such as
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580: – Town whose workforce's main occupation is agriculture
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Jonathan
Conning (Hunter College), "Latifundia economics"
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The Roman Countryside (Duckworth Debates in Archaeology)
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
324:
also expanded with conquest, to the Roman provinces of
473:, which proceeded in pulses through the 19th century.
37:, "farm", "estate") was originally the term used by
647:), who found only seven instances of the rare word
150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
830:The Technological Inferiority of the Slave Economy
746:, 13.92, 17.192, 18.17, 18.35, 18.261 and 18.296.
853:
836:Published in English: Russell and Russell, 1953.
642:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
603: – Agricultural estate growing cash crops
674:. L'Erma di Bretschneider. pp. 333–336.
586: – Spanish labour system in its colonies
811:John Paul Russo, "The Sicilian Latifundia",
777:John Paul Russo, "The Sicilian Latifundia",
92:for similar extensive land grants, known as
595:Latifundio–minifundio land tenure structure
459:ecclesiastical confiscations of Mendizábal
653:Historia: Zeitschrift fĂĽr Alte Geschichte
515:
210:Learn how and when to remove this message
480:are still populated by an underclass of
469:), the "secularization" of church-owned
815:March 1999, Vol. 17 Issue 1, pp. 40–57.
784:March 1999, Vol. 17 Issue 1, pp. 40–57.
615: – Former private estate in Mexico
854:
667:
80:, the word was borrowed in Portuguese
500:), a far-left group famous for their
148:adding citations to reliable sources
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13:
488:class has been fertile ground for
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668:Marina, De Franceschini (2005).
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230:(the south of Italy including
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390:to support his short-lived
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613:Sánchez Navarro latifundio
498:Sindicato Obrero del Campo
386:was able to apply his own
504:campaigns in the town of
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530:Villa Romana del Tellaro
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410:Cassa per il Mezzogiorno
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862:Economy of ancient Rome
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298:) or olive oil, grain,
671:Ville dell'Agro romano
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396:in the heel of Italy.
78:modern colonial period
540:Villa Romana di Patti
382:In the 6th century,
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590:Encomiendas in Peru
510:Province of Seville
813:Italian Americana,
797:Stephen L. Dyson,
357:province of Africa
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872:Land tenure
867:Roman villa
740:are in his
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431:Reconquista
384:Cassiodorus
347:distressed
274:included a
226:notably in
86:latifundios
82:latifĂşndios
22:latifundium
856:Categories
792:References
738:latifundia
649:latifundia
601:Plantation
584:Encomienda
518:latifundia
506:Marinaleda
482:jornaleros
471:latifundia
452:al-Andalus
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440:latifundia
405:latifundia
388:latifundia
372:latifundia
368:latifundia
353:latifundia
345:latifundia
326:Mauretania
322:Latifundia
307:latifundia
283:ergastulum
272:Latifundia
261:latifundia
238:, was the
224:latifundia
170:newspapers
100:Portuguese
88:or simply
67:latifundia
41:for great
578:Agro-town
561:Casignana
559:Villa of
555:Realmonte
502:squatting
494:anarchism
490:socialism
486:jornalero
478:Andalusia
446:of Roman
427:Castilian
338:Andalusia
332:) and in
288:livestock
200:June 2021
105:haciendas
832:", from
828:(1908) "
706:34308399
680:62487134
567:See also
454:period.
393:Vivarium
336:(modern
328:(modern
251:coloniae
236:Hispania
95:fazendas
607:Pronoia
463:Spanish
421:In the
330:Maghreb
232:Sicilia
184:scholar
110:Spanish
76:In the
71:slavery
718:31–36.
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401:Sicily
296:cattle
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90:fundos
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51:Sicily
35:fundus
623:Notes
417:Spain
378:Italy
300:garum
292:sheep
191:JSTOR
177:books
102:) or
55:Egypt
31:latus
27:Latin
702:OCLC
694:ISBN
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