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617:(1976 ), "In recognition of his contributions to the architectural design of computer-communication systems, his leadership in creating a fertile research environment leading to advances in computer and satellite communications techniques, his role in the establishment of standard international communication protocols and procedures, and his accomplishments in development and demonstration of packet switching technology and the ensuing networks which grew out of this work."
2182:, University of Minnesota. Roberts directed the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) during 1968â1973 and was later chief operating officer of Network Express. The interview focuses on IPTO and the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Much of Roberts's description of the work of ARPA and IPTO is set within the context of his interactions with Congress on budget matters. Topics include J. C. R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland,
51:
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2083:"The great success and popularity of the Internet are due to the efforts of a great many people, but it was the three members of Group B who truly created the technological foundation for its success ... Dr. Roberts, at ARPA, was responsible for creating the first computer network, the ARPANET, and for its architecture and overall management."
2051:"The Internet is one of the most eloquent examples of the benefits that accrue from scientific research and a commitment to technological innovation. A myriad of people and institutions were involved in this work. The jury wishes to acknowledge them all in awarding the prize to the four leaders of so extraordinary a development."
1943:
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Roberts' proposal that all host computers would connect to one another directly ... was not endorsed ... Wesley Clark ... suggested to
Roberts that the network be managed by identical small computers, each attached to a host computer. Accepting the idea, Roberts named the small computers dedicated to
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they lacked one vital ingredient. Since none of them had heard of Paul Baran they had no serious idea of how to make the system work. And it took an
English outfit to tell them. ... Larry Roberts paper was the first public presentation of the ARPANET concept as conceived with the aid of Wesley Clark
467:
in 1968 to carry out mathematical modelling of the packet-switched network's performance. Roberts engaged Howard Frank to consult on the topological design of the network. Frank made recommendations to increase throughput and reduce costs in a scaled-up network. When Robert Taylor was sent to
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Roger
Scantlebury ... from Donald Davies' team ... presented a detailed design study for a packet switched network. It was the first Roberts had heard of it. ... Roberts also learned from Scantlebury, for the first time, of the work that had been done by Paul Baran at RAND a few years
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The NPL group influenced a number of
American computer scientists in favor of the new technique, and they adopted Davies's term "packet switching" to refer to this type of network. Roberts also adopted some specific aspects of the NPL
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678:
C&C Award (2005) in Japan "For
Contributions to Establishing the Foundation of Today's Internet Technology through ... the Design and Development of ARPANET and Other Early Computer Networks that were Part of the Initial
2086:"Foundation for C&C Promotion Announces Recipients of 2005 C&C Prize â Mr. Kei-ichi Enoki, Mr. Takeshi Natsuno, Ms. Mari Matsunaga, Dr. Robert E. Kahn, Dr. Lawrence G. Roberts, & Professor Leonard Kleinrock"
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network. Roberts proposed in 1973 that it would be possible to use a satellite's 64 kilobit/second link as a medium shared by multiple satellite earth stations within the beam's footprint. This was implemented later by
1034:
Oops. Roberts knew Baran slightly and had in fact had lunch with him during a visit to RAND the previous
February. But he certainly didn't remember any discussion of networks. How could he have missed something like
580:(ATM) equipment company, from 1983 to 1993. Roberts was president of ATM Systems from 1993 to 1998. He was chairman and CTO of Caspian Networks, but left in early 2004; Caspian ceased operation in late 2006.
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The manager of the ARPANET project, Lawrence
Roberts, assembled a large team of computer scientists ... and he drew on the ideas of network experimenters in the United States and the United Kingdom.
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In early 1973, Roberts predicted the network would run out of capacity in nine months. In practice, it was found that the time-sharing host computers ran out of capacity before the network did.
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Roberts married and divorced four times. At the time of his death, his partner was physician Tedde Rinker. Roberts died at his
California home from a heart attack on December 26, 2018.
2186:, Wesley Clark, ARPA and IPTO support of research in computer science, computer networks, and artificial intelligence, the ARPANET, the involvement of universities with ARPA and IPTO.
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Roberts bought the idea and presented a some what vague paper about it at the ACM SIGOPS Symposium on
Operating System Principles held in Gatlinburg, Tennessee in late 1967
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2002 in Spain "for designing and implementing a system that is changing the world by providing previously unthought of opportunities for social and scientific progress."
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Roberts' plan for the ARPANET was the first wide area packet-switching network with distributed control, similar to Donald Davies' 1965 design. ARPA issued a
651:(2000) For "early, preeminent contributions in conceiving, analyzing and demonstrating packet-switching networks, the foundation technology of the Internet."
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to explore the initial design questions for a network. Roberts prepared a proposal that all host computers would connect to one another directly. Taylor and
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Mathison, Stuart L.; Roberts, Lawrence G.; Walker, Philip M. (2012). "The history of telenet and the commercialization of packet switching in the U.S.".
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As of 2011, Roberts was the founder and chairman of
Anagran Inc. Anagran continues work in the same area as Caspian: IP flow management with improved
455:(BBN). Significant aspects of the networks's operation including routing, flow control, software design and network control were developed by the BBN
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2196:, University of Minnesota. Kahn discusses the work of various DARPA and IPTO personnel including J. C. R. Licklider, Vinton Cerf, and Larry Roberts
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479:'s Donald Davies that the two organizations connect their networks via a satellite link. This original proposal proved infeasible, but in 1971
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Roberts approached AT&T in the early 1970s about taking over the ARPANET to offer a public packet switched service but they declined.
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and suggested it for use in the ARPANET. Roberts applied Davies's concepts of packet switching for the ARPANET, and sought input from
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to apply mathematical methods to model and measure the performance of the network, which was a predecessor to the modern Internet.
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1458:"In nearly all respects, Daviesâ original proposal, developed in late 1965, was similar to the actual networks being built today."
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2004:
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Authors who have interviewed dozens of Arpanet pioneers know very well that the Kleinrock-Roberts claims are not believed.
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636:(1990), "For architecting packet switching technology and bringing it into practical use by means of the ARPA network."
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In 1973, Roberts left ARPA to join BBN's effort to commercialize the nascent packet-switching technology in the form of
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from 1973 to 1980. Roberts joined the international effort to standardize a protocol for packet switching based on
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W. Clark's message switching proposal (appended to Taylor's letter of April 24, 1967 to Engelbart)were reviewed.
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645:(1998), for "visionary contributions and advanced technology development of computer communication networks".
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that year, Roberts presented the plan based on Clark's message switching proposal. There he met a member of
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Thus the set of IMP's, plus the telephone lines and data sets would constitute a message switching network
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as President. At the time, he predicted bandwidths would go down driven by voice compression technology.
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1073:"4.7 Planning the ARPANET: 1967-1968 in Chapter 4 - Networking: Vision and Packet Switching 1959 - 1968"
960:
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344:. Due to his Ph.D. thesis "Machine Perception of Three-Dimensional Solids" he is known as the father of
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2470:
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Rybczynski, Tony (2009). "Commercialization of packet switching (1975-1985): A Canadian perspective ".
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network administration 'Interface Message Processors' (IMPs), which later evolved into today's routers.
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Historians credit seminal insights to Welsh scientist Donald W. Davies and American engineer Paul Baran
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hash algorithm was developed for the ARPANET to protect passwords in 1971 at the request of Roberts.
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2199:
1636:
Despres, Remi (2010). "X.25 Virtual Circuits - TRANSPAC in France - Pre-Internet Data Networking".
591:
317:, assembled a television, and designed a telephone network built from transistors for his parents'
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1990:
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309:. He was the son of Elizabeth (Gilman) and Elliott John Roberts, both of whom had doctorates in
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On Tuesday, 28 February 1967 I find a notation on my calendar for 12:00 noon Dr. L. Roberts.
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Cyberspace Sovereignty: Reflections on building a community of common future in cyberspace
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The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution
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disagreed with this design and Clark suggested the use of dedicated computers to create a
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877:"Lawrence Roberts, Who Helped Design Internet's Precursor, Dies of a heart attack at 81"
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2220:, "the macrosite for news, analysis, & opinion about the future of the internet."
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JosĂ© Luis Ălvarez Margaride; Ernesto Carmona GuzmĂĄn; et al. (May 23, 2002).
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2224:"Obituary: Lawrence Roberts, Who Helped Design Internetâs Precursor, Dies at 81"
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1414:"Birthing the Internet: Letters From the Delivery Room; Disputing a Claim"
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1189:... Looking at it now, Roberts paper seems extraordinarily, well, vague.
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Lawrence Gilman Roberts, who was known as Larry, was born and raised in
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Heart, F.; McKenzie, A.; McQuillian, J.; Walden, D. (January 4, 1978).
1527:"Early experiences with the Arpanet and Internet in the United Kingdom"
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1138:"SRI Project 5890-1; Networking (Reports on Meetings).[1967]"
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Roberts, Lawrence G. (1978). "The evolution of packet switching".
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1972:
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being pursued by ARPA, which he described as "oversold" in 1978.
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Roberts later was CEO of the commercial packet-switching network
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Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
472:
in 1969 and then resigned, Roberts became director of the IPTO.
50:
794:"Lawrence G. Roberts: 1990 W. Wallace McDowell Award Recipient"
553:
in the mid-late 1970s. Roberts promoted this approach over the
501:
3674:
Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
2055:"Minutes of the Jury â Technical and Scientific Research 2002"
361:
After receiving his PhD, Roberts continued to work at the MIT
2189:
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1602:(Technical report). Burlington, MA: Bolt, Beranek and Newman.
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1210:(5th ed.). Boston Amsterdam: Prentice Hall. p. 57.
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agreed to Roberts' proposal to connect his research group at
337:
201:
179:
L.M. Ericsson prize for research in data communications, 1982
4252:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
1496:"Howard Frank Looks Back on His Role as an ARPAnet Designer"
1236:"Multiple computer networks and intercomputer communication"
961:"Larry Roberts - Complete Biography, History and Inventions"
4077:
4006:
1939:
1243:
Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communications
611:
542:
1281:. Internet Archive. Simon & Schuster. pp. 76â78.
1173:
A Brief History of the Future: The origins of the Internet
541:
shortly before it was finalized. Telenet converted to the
389:
In 1967, although at first reluctant, he was recruited by
3443:
Minoru S. Araki / Francis J. Madden / Edward A. Miller /
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2089:
1921:
1435:"Shapiro: Computer Network Meeting of October 9â10, 1967"
675:
534:
463:. Roberts managed its implementation and contracted with
405:
in February 1967, but did not discuss networks. He asked
2005:"Lawrence G. Roberts Lawrence G. Roberts â Draper Award"
654:
International Engineering Consortium Fellow Award (2001)
243:(December 21, 1937 â December 26, 2018) was an American
1278:
Where wizards stay up late: the origins of the Internet
159:
International Engineering Consortium Fellow award, 2001
1809:
999:
997:
995:
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As a program manager and later office director at the
1784:"Its Creators Call Internet Outdated, Offer Remedies"
1721:
2027:"Draper Prize Honors Four 'Fathers of the Internet'"
1997:
992:
220:
2165:Larry Roberts, "The ARPANET and Computer Networks"
1200:
1104:"A Very Short History Of The Internet And The Web"
266:techniques invented by British computer scientist
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
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1883:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
487:(UCL) instead. UCL provided interconnection with
27:American electrical engineer and Internet pioneer
4213:
936:"Machine Perception of Three-Dimensional Solids"
451:(RFQ) to build the system, which was awarded to
4007:European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN
2176:Oral history interview with Lawrence G. Roberts
1201:Tanenbaum, Andrew S.; Wetherall, David (2011).
903:
901:
899:
766:"Big achievements included room-size computers"
313:. It is said that during his youth, he built a
144:IEEE Computer Society W. Wallace McDowell Award
1897:
1861:"Dr. Larry Roberts, Internet Pioneer, is dead"
1775:
870:
868:
866:
620:Member, National Academy of Engineering (1978)
590:Since September 2012, he was CEO of Netmax in
365:. Having read the seminal 1961 paper of the "
172:Secretary of Defense Meritorious Service Medal
3644:
3283:
2249:
1408:
742:. 2006. Gale Document Number GALE|K2424100099
397:(IPTO) to become the program manager for the
30:For other people named Lawrence Roberts, see
1397:
1330:
896:
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1306:Trevor Harris, University of Wales (2009).
1046:
907:
863:
373:, Roberts developed a research interest in
300:
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2256:
2242:
2190:Oral history interview with Robert E. Kahn
1764:
1678:
1400:"A Paternity Dispute Divides Net Pioneers"
1274:
49:
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1612:
812:
629:Computer Design Hall of Fame Award (1982)
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1377:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 237â246.
1370:
1169:
786:
426:Symposium on Operating System Principles
395:Information Processing Techniques Office
2128:
1765:Enterprise, I. D. G. (March 14, 1983).
1635:
1581:
1534:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
1455:
1233:
1015:
1003:
796:. IEEE Computer Society. Archived from
682:In 2012, Roberts was inducted into the
274:. The ARPANET's principal designer was
14:
4214:
1918:"Brief Summary of Recipients' Careers"
1467:
1336:
1312:Variety in Mass Communication Research
1077:The History of Computer Communications
874:
818:
165:of the National Academy of Engineering
4037:
3672:
3663:for Technical and Scientific Research
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3271:
2980:
2758:
2497:
2496:
2275:
2237:
2116:website. Last accessed April 24, 2012
1275:Hafner, Katie; Lyon, Matthew (1996).
1101:
1066:
1064:
958:
665:"for the development of the Internet"
326:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
109:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3661:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
1830:
1615:"Larry Roberts:He made the Net Work"
1308:"Who is the Father of the Internet?"
1114:from the original on January 9, 2015
929:
927:
605:
549:across North America and Europe for
3789:Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
1575:
1009:
933:
875:Hafner, Katie (December 30, 2018).
640:Association for Computing Machinery
258:, Roberts and his team created the
24:
4262:American people of English descent
1474:. MIT Press. pp. 37â8, 58â9.
1427:
1346:. MIT Press. pp. 37â8, 58â9.
1070:
1061:
491:, forming the first international
436:) who presented their research on
25:
4273:
4232:People from Westport, Connecticut
3813:Pedro Miguel Echenique LandirĂbar
2158:
1398:Katie Hefner (November 8, 2001),
924:
533:in the United States. He was its
417:network, which were later called
256:Advanced Research Projects Agency
32:Lawrence Roberts (disambiguation)
4237:MIT School of Engineering alumni
1987:"IEEE Internet Award Recipients"
1613:Otis Port (September 27, 2004).
1502:. April 25, 2016. Archived from
1022:. Stripe Press. pp. 285â6.
910:"The n -Dimensional Superswitch"
597:
168:Principe de Asturias Award, 2002
118:ARPANET, founding father of the
2167:, Computer History Museum, 1986
2122:
2096:
2077:
2045:
2019:
1979:
1958:
1928:
1879:"Harry H. Goode Memorial Award"
1871:
1853:
1824:
1794:
1782:Bobby White (October 2, 2007).
1758:
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1130:
1095:
1047:O'Neill, Judy (March 5, 1990).
1040:
986:"Seminar about Computer Vision"
978:
959:Mayor, Dana (January 4, 2021).
658:National Academy of Engineering
564:
545:protocol, which was adopted by
2759:
2059:FundaciĂłn PrĂncipe de Asturias
1102:Press, Gil (January 2, 2015).
1049:"An Interview with PAUL BARAN"
952:
842:
758:
717:
367:Intergalactic Computer Network
13:
1:
4257:MIT Lincoln Laboratory people
1771:. IDG Enterprise. p. 71.
1016:Waldrop, M. Mitchell (2018).
730:Fairfax County Public Library
711:
615:Harry H. Goode Memorial Award
576:He was CEO of NetExpress, an
328:(MIT), where he received his
155:Harry H. Goode Memorial Award
2276:
1724:IEEE Communications Magazine
1681:IEEE Communications Magazine
1638:IEEE Communications Magazine
419:Interface Message Processors
18:Lawrence Roberts (scientist)
7:
1936:"W. Wallace McDowell Award"
934:Roberts, Lawrence Gillman.
752:Gale Biography In Context
694:
139:IEEE Computer Pioneer Award
10:
4278:
3447:/ Don H. Schoessler (2005)
3299:Charles Stark Draper Prize
2858:Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder
2108:December 13, 2012, at the
1234:Roberts, Lawrence (1967).
670:Principe de Asturias Award
661:Charles Stark Draper Prize
578:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
529:, the first FCC-licensed
520:
176:Interface Conference Award
163:Charles Stark Draper Prize
29:
4044:
4033:
3719:Antonio GonzĂĄlez GonzĂĄlez
3697:Luis Antonio SantalĂł Sors
3679:
3668:
3601:/ C. Grant Willson (2020)
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2563:
2507:
2503:
2492:
2443:
2367:
2286:
2282:
2271:
2194:Charles Babbage Institute
2180:Charles Babbage Institute
1736:10.1109/MCOM.2012.6194380
1693:10.1109/MCOM.2009.5350364
1650:10.1109/MCOM.2010.5621965
1596:Arpanet Completion Report
1371:Isaacson, Walter (2014).
736:World of Computer Science
725:"Lawrence Gilman Roberts"
634:W. Wallace McDowell Award
489:British academic networks
485:University College London
351:
234:
229:
215:
211:
193:
186:
125:
114:
104:
86:
60:
48:
41:
4080:Scientific Collaboration
3785:Manuel Losada Villasante
3761:Francisco BolĂvar Zapata
908:Josh McHugh (May 2001).
825:. MIT Press. p. 3.
592:Redwood City, California
475:In 1970, he proposed to
453:Bolt, Beranek and Newman
301:Early life and education
98:Redwood City, California
4171:Everett Peter Greenberg
3823:Enrique Moreno GonzĂĄlez
3767:Federico GarcĂa Moliner
2216:March 29, 2011, at the
2143:10.1109/PROC.1978.11141
2131:Proceedings of the IEEE
1831:Fang, Bingxing (2018).
1788:The Wall Street Journal
1525:Kirstein, P.T. (1999).
1170:Naughton, John (2015).
754:(subscription required)
701:History of the Internet
384:
280:Bolt Beranek and Newman
65:Lawrence Gilman Roberts
4050:Emmanuelle Charpentier
3709:David VĂĄzquez MartĂnez
3703:Antonio Garcia-Bellido
3234:Hartmut Richard Glaser
2205:June 18, 2011, at the
1989:. IEEE. Archived from
1625:on September 22, 2004.
1471:Inventing the Internet
1343:Inventing the Internet
850:"A Flaw In The Design"
822:Inventing the Internet
626:Prize (1982) in Sweden
356:
342:electrical engineering
270:and American engineer
3979:Arturo Ălvarez-Buylla
2904:Karlheinz Brandenburg
2687:Douglas Van Houweling
2265:Internet Hall of Fame
2200:Lawrence G. Roberts's
2114:Internet Hall of Fame
1993:on February 10, 2007.
1500:Internet Hall of Fame
1468:Abbate, Jane (2000).
1412:(November 22, 2001),
1251:10.1145/800001.811680
819:Abbate, Jane (1999).
684:Internet Hall of Fame
459:team, which included
449:request for quotation
324:Roberts attended the
307:Westport, Connecticut
282:(BBN). Roberts asked
133:Internet Hall of Fame
79:Westport, Connecticut
4247:Draper Prize winners
3941:George M. Whitesides
3494:Willem P. C. Stemmer
3146:Kenneth Klingenstein
2982:Inductees since 2019
2723:Ermanno Pietrosemoli
2581:Anriette Esterhuysen
2390:Kanchana Kanchanasut
2319:Elizabeth J. Feinler
2230:, December 30, 2018.
2092:. November 17, 2005.
2065:on November 21, 2008
1924:. November 17, 2005.
1867:. December 29, 2018.
1571:on February 7, 2020.
1245:. pp. 3.1â3.6.
1083:on December 23, 2022
551:public data networks
4185:Jeffrey M. Friedman
4013:Avelino Corma CanĂłs
3809:Emilio MĂ©ndez PĂ©rez
3530:Richard H. Frenkiel
3500:George H. Heilmeier
3404:Lawrence G. Roberts
2955:Tracy LaQuey Parker
2940:Yvonne Marie Andres
2863:Henning Schulzrinne
2033:. February 12, 2001
2031:Wall Street Journal
1946:on November 7, 2016
1318:on October 10, 2021
1148:on February 2, 2020
854:The Washington Post
649:IEEE Internet Award
531:public data network
295:public data network
3983:Giacomo Rizzolatti
3913:Juan Ignacio Cirac
3713:Emilio Rosenblueth
3540:John B. Goodenough
3438:Charles P. Thacker
3420:Bradford Parkinson
3375:John B. MacChesney
2848:François FlĂŒckiger
2797:Lawrence Landweber
2395:J. C. R. Licklider
2211:Internet Evolution
2184:Stephen J. Lukasik
882:The New York Times
587:for the Internet.
585:quality of service
569:In 1983 he joined
500:, and resulted in
371:J. C. R. Licklider
363:Lincoln Laboratory
297:in North America.
245:computer scientist
4242:Internet pioneers
4209:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4181:Daniel J. Drucker
4167:Jeffrey I. Gordon
4105:Ingrid Daubechies
4095:Sandra Myrna DĂaz
4029:
4028:
3993:Richard A. Lerner
3955:Raymond Tomlinson
3751:Santiago GrisolĂa
3659:Laureates of the
3626:
3625:
3582:Bjarne Stroustrup
3542:/ Yoshio Nishi /
3526:Yoshihisa Okumura
3504:Wolfgang Helfrich
3473:Robert H. Dennard
3400:Leonard Kleinrock
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3219:Ivan Moura Campos
3151:Alejandro Pisanty
3089:Hans-Werner Braun
3029:Jean Armour Polly
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2843:John Perry Barlow
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2733:Florencio Utreras
2672:Srinivasan Ramani
2545:Daniel Karrenberg
2498:Global connectors
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2451:Douglas Engelbart
2339:Leonard Kleinrock
2334:Peter T. Kirstein
2137:(11): 1307â1313.
1802:"Management Team"
1546:10.1109/85.759368
1506:on March 21, 2020
1445:on June 27, 2015.
1288:978-0-684-81201-4
1217:978-0-13-212695-3
1204:Computer networks
1029:978-1-953953-36-0
1019:The Dream Machine
706:Internet pioneers
606:Awards and honors
465:Leonard Kleinrock
434:Roger Scantlebury
415:message switching
379:computer networks
330:bachelor's degree
284:Leonard Kleinrock
238:
237:
188:Scientific career
90:December 26, 2018
75:December 21, 1937
16:(Redirected from
4269:
4035:
4034:
4003:François Englert
3861:Lawrence Roberts
3855:Jean Weissenbach
3779:Manuel Patarroyo
3755:Salvador Moncada
3739:Marcos Moshinsky
3691:Manuel Ballester
3670:
3669:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3609:John L. Hennessy
3467:Rudolf E. KĂĄlmĂĄn
3445:James W. Plummer
3371:Robert D. Maurer
3361:Vladimir Haensel
3292:
3285:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3244:William Schrader
3183:Virginia Travers
3179:
3097:
3064:
3056:Suguru Yamaguchi
3047:
2989:
2988:
2978:
2977:
2868:Richard Stallman
2802:Paul Mockapetris
2767:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2493:
2359:Lawrence Roberts
2324:Charles Herzfeld
2284:
2283:
2273:
2272:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2226:, Katie Hafner,
2171:Personal website
2154:
2117:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2061:. Archived from
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1966:"SIGCOMM Awards"
1962:
1956:
1955:
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1951:
1942:. Archived from
1932:
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1892:
1890:
1875:
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1868:
1857:
1851:
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1822:
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1819:
1817:
1808:. Archived from
1798:
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1791:
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1762:
1756:
1755:
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1713:
1712:
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1669:
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1627:
1626:
1621:. Archived from
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1590:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1564:. Archived from
1531:
1522:
1516:
1515:
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1511:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1441:. Archived from
1431:
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1424:
1406:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1334:
1328:
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1323:
1314:. Archived from
1303:
1297:
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1225:
1224:
1209:
1198:
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1144:. Archived from
1142:web.stanford.edu
1134:
1128:
1127:
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1119:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1079:. Archived from
1068:
1059:
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1038:
1037:
1013:
1007:
1001:
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989:
982:
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965:History-Computer
956:
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922:
921:
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889:
872:
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860:
856:. May 30, 2015.
846:
840:
839:
816:
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809:
807:
805:
800:on April 2, 2013
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
762:
756:
755:
751:
749:
747:
733:
721:
688:Internet Society
539:virtual circuits
509:Purdy Polynomial
493:resource sharing
438:packet switching
407:Frank Westervelt
264:packet switching
249:Internet pioneer
225:
222:
93:
74:
72:
53:
43:Lawrence Roberts
39:
38:
21:
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4197:Svetlana Mojsov
4193:Jens Juul Holst
4189:Joel F. Habener
4149:Geoffrey Hinton
4113:Emmanuel CandĂšs
4074:Barry C. Barish
4054:Jennifer Doudna
4040:
4025:
4021:Galen D. Stucky
3907:Antonio Damasio
3901:Robert Weinberg
3897:Bert Vogelstein
3873:Tim Berners-Lee
3847:Francis Collins
3796:ValentĂn Fuster
3675:
3664:
3657:
3627:
3622:
3613:David Patterson
3587:
3478:
3461:Tim Berners-Lee
3455:George E. Smith
3380:
3355:Harold A. Rosen
3323:
3302:
3296:
3266:
3253:
3249:Guy de TĂ©ramond
3229:Peter Eckersley
3197:
3188:George Varghese
3173:
3091:
3067:
3058:
3041:
3039:Michael Stanton
3004:Kimberly Claffy
2983:
2964:
2960:Craig Partridge
2923:
2882:
2838:Marc Andreessen
2826:
2822:Phil Zimmermann
2787:Robert Cailliau
2782:Tim Berners-Lee
2761:
2742:
2728:Tadao Takahashi
2691:
2677:Michael Roberts
2657:Abhaya Induruwa
2642:Masaki Hirabaru
2620:
2616:George Sadowsky
2606:Haruhisa Ishida
2586:Steve Goldstein
2559:
2499:
2480:
2466:Dennis Jennings
2439:
2363:
2278:
2267:
2262:
2218:Wayback Machine
2207:Wayback Machine
2161:
2125:
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2110:Wayback Machine
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1886:
1885:. April 4, 2018
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1839:. p. 154.
1837:Springer Nature
1829:
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1071:Pelkey, James.
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571:DHL Corporation
567:
523:
387:
359:
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346:computer vision
340:(1963), all in
334:master's degree
303:
219:
182:
105:Alma mater
100:
95:
91:
82:
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70:
68:
67:
66:
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55:Roberts in 2017
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4175:Bonnie Bassler
4163:
4161:Demis Hassabis
4145:
4127:Philip Felgner
4119:Katalin KarikĂł
4115:
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3995:
3989:Gregory Winter
3985:
3971:
3957:
3947:
3933:Shuji Nakamura
3925:
3919:Peter Lawrence
3915:
3909:
3903:
3881:
3875:
3865:Robert E. Kahn
3857:
3851:Hamilton Smith
3835:
3833:Luc Montagnier
3825:
3819:Ricardo Miledi
3815:
3805:
3798:
3792:
3781:
3775:
3769:
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3757:
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3735:Manuel Cardona
3731:
3725:Jacinto Convit
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3576:Andrew Viterbi
3573:
3570:Shuji Nakamura
3562:Russell Dupuis
3558:George Craford
3551:
3537:
3515:
3512:T. Peter Brody
3497:
3490:Frances Arnold
3486:
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3430:Butler Lampson
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3351:John R. Pierce
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3339:Hans von Ohain
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2159:External links
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2103:2012 Inductees
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1812:on May 1, 2011
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115:Known for
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94:(aged 81)
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4157:Yoshua Bengio
4154:
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4143:Sarah Gilbert
4140:
4139:Derrick Rossi
4136:
4132:
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4123:Drew Weissman
4120:
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4014:
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3986:
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3975:Joseph Altman
3972:
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3803:
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3617:Sophie Wilson
3614:
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3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
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3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3566:Nick Holonyak
3563:
3559:
3555:
3554:Isamu Akasaki
3552:
3549:
3548:Akira Yoshino
3545:
3544:Rachid Yazami
3541:
3538:
3535:
3534:Joel S. Engel
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:Martin Cooper
3519:
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3509:
3508:Martin Schadt
3505:
3501:
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3487:
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3452:
3451:Willard Boyle
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3434:Robert Taylor
3431:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3410:Robert Langer
3408:
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3397:
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3389:
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3368:
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3335:Frank Whittle
3333:
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3309:
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3214:Laura Breeden
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3209:Abhay Bhushan
3207:
3206:
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3200:
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3171:Liane Tarouco
3169:
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3159:
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3156:Yakov Rekhter
3154:
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3149:
3147:
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3121:Rafael Ibarra
3119:
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3106:Jan Gruntorad
3104:
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3101:Frode Greisen
3099:
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3079:Carlos Afonso
3077:
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3007:
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2810:
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2807:Craig Newmark
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2800:
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2476:Radia Perlman
2474:
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2469:
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2462:
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2457:
2456:Susan Estrada
2454:
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2442:
2436:
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2431:
2430:Stephen Wolff
2428:
2426:
2425:Robert Taylor
2423:
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2418:
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2312:
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2309:Steve Crocker
2307:
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2022:
2011:September 10,
2007:. NAE Website
2006:
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1992:
1988:
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1974:
1971:
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1950:September 15,
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1687:(12): 26â31.
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1644:(11): 40â46.
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1619:Business Week
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1384:9781476708690
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643:SIGCOMM Award
641:
638:
635:
631:
628:
625:
624:L.M. Ericsson
622:
619:
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598:Personal life
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430:Donald Davies
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391:Robert Taylor
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40:
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33:
19:
4135:Ăzlem TĂŒreci
4091:Joanne Chory
4085:Svante PÀÀbo
4066:Rainer Weiss
3965:Baruch Minke
3961:David Julius
3929:Sumio Iijima
3923:Ginés Morata
3879:Jane Goodall
3843:John Sulston
3839:Craig Venter
3829:Robert Gallo
3773:Amable Liñån
3685:Alberto Sols
3605:Steve Furber
3599:Jean Fréchet
3416:Ivan Getting
3345:John Backus
3318:Robert Noyce
3239:Simon S. Lam
3224:Steve Cisler
3166:PĂ„l Spilling
3161:Philip Smith
3141:DaeYoung Kim
3136:Dan Kaminsky
3131:Yngvar Lundh
3084:Rob Blokzijl
3034:José Soriano
3019:Larry Irving
3014:Elise Gerich
2873:Aaron Swartz
2853:Stephen Kent
2792:Van Jacobson
2713:Shigeki Goto
2611:Barry Leiner
2535:Geoff Huston
2530:Nancy Hafkin
2420:Glenn Ricart
2410:Kees Neggers
2400:Bob Metcalfe
2385:Howard Frank
2380:David Farber
2354:Louis Pouzin
2344:John Klensin
2227:
2134:
2130:
2123:Bibliography
2098:
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
2047:
2037:September 5,
2035:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
1999:
1991:the original
1981:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1944:the original
1930:
1889:December 31,
1887:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1855:
1832:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:the original
1805:
1796:
1777:
1767:
1760:
1730:(5): 28â45.
1727:
1723:
1717:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1623:the original
1608:
1595:
1588:
1582:Roberts 1978
1577:
1566:the original
1540:(1): 38â44.
1537:
1533:
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:the original
1499:
1490:
1470:
1463:
1456:Roberts 1978
1451:
1443:the original
1439:stanford.edu
1438:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1403:
1393:
1373:
1366:
1357:
1342:
1338:Abbate, Jane
1332:
1322:February 12,
1320:. Retrieved
1316:the original
1311:
1301:
1292:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1242:
1229:
1221:
1203:
1196:
1187:
1176:. Hachette.
1172:
1165:
1157:
1152:February 15,
1150:. Retrieved
1146:the original
1141:
1132:
1123:
1116:. Retrieved
1107:
1097:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:the original
1076:
1055:
1042:
1033:
1018:
1011:
1004:Roberts 1978
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:
954:
944:September 4,
942:. Retrieved
913:
888:December 30,
886:. Retrieved
880:
857:
853:
844:
836:
821:
814:
802:. Retrieved
798:the original
788:
776:. Retrieved
769:
760:
744:. Retrieved
735:
719:
664:
601:
589:
582:
575:
568:
565:Later career
557:approach in
524:
516:
513:
506:
474:
446:
423:
411:Wesley Clark
393:in the ARPA
388:
375:time-sharing
360:
336:(1960), and
323:
304:
293:, the first
288:
253:
240:
239:
194:Institutions
187:
92:(2018-12-26)
36:
4227:2018 deaths
4222:1937 births
4109:Terence Tao
3999:Peter Higgs
3945:Tobin Marks
3889:Tony Hunter
3869:Vinton Cerf
3745:Guido MĂŒnch
3518:Thomas Haug
3392:Vinton Cerf
3193:Lixia Zhang
3174: [
3116:Kim Hubbard
3092: [
3059: [
3042: [
2945:Alan Emtage
2914:Hualin Qian
2909:John Cioffi
2894:Eric Allman
2878:Jimmy Wales
2738:Wu Jianping
2718:Mike Jensen
2667:Mahabir Pun
2652:Steve Huter
2647:Erik Huizer
2571:Karen Banks
2555:Tan Tin Wee
2520:Kilnam Chon
2461:Frank Heart
2435:Werner Zorn
2415:Nii Quaynor
2375:David Clark
2329:Robert Kahn
2304:Danny Cohen
2209:profile on
1118:February 7,
804:January 16,
778:January 16,
746:January 16,
198:Lincoln Lab
149:ACM SIGCOMM
4216:Categories
4153:Yann LeCun
4131:UÄur Ćahin
4101:Yves Meyer
4076:, and the
3314:Jack Kilby
3301:recipients
2919:Paul Vixie
2760:Innovators
2632:Dai Davies
2591:Teus Hagen
2576:Gihan Dias
2515:Randy Bush
2349:Jon Postel
2294:Paul Baran
1481:0262261332
728:(fee, via
712:References
679:Internet."
442:Paul Baran
403:Paul Baran
319:Girl Scout
315:Tesla coil
272:Paul Baran
71:1937-12-21
4060:Hugh Herr
3802:Atapuerca
3426:Alan Kay
3111:Saul Hahn
3024:Dan Lynch
2899:Eric Bina
2708:Ira Fuchs
2682:Ben Segal
2601:Qiheng Hu
2405:Jun Murai
2299:Vint Cerf
2069:April 10,
1816:April 19,
1752:206453987
1744:1558-1896
1701:1558-1896
1658:1558-1896
1554:1934-1547
432:'s team (
311:chemistry
3396:Bob Kahn
2596:Ida Holz
2277:Pioneers
2214:Archived
2203:Archived
2151:26876676
2106:Archived
1865:On my Om
1709:23243636
1666:23639680
1510:April 3,
1340:(2000).
1294:earlier.
1259:17409102
1112:Archived
970:June 21,
771:MIT News
695:See also
663:(2001),
555:datagram
498:Bob Kahn
461:Bob Kahn
332:(1959),
276:Bob Kahn
120:Internet
3126:Xing Li
2950:Ed Krol
2525:Al Gore
1973:SIGCOMM
1562:1558618
1359:design.
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