Leatherback sea turtle

2136:. This tropical island off the coast of Venezuela is known for its vibrant ethnic diversity and rich cultural events. It is also the site of one of the most important nesting beaches for endangered leatherback turtles, enormous reptiles that can weigh a ton and dive deeper than many whales. Each year, more than 2,000 female leatherbacks haul themselves onto Matura Beach to lay their eggs. With leatherback populations declining more quickly than any other large animal in modern history, each turtle is precious. On this research project, Dennis Sammy of Nature Seekers and Scott Eckert of Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network work alongside a team of volunteers to help prevent the extinction of leatherback sea turtles. 115: 1465:(common Remoras) will latch onto leatherbacks and display phoresis behavior or 'hitchhiking' this represents commensalism, where one species is benefiting, while the other species is not gaining or losing anything. One cause for their endangered state is plastic bags floating in the ocean. Pacific leatherback sea turtles mistake these plastic bags for jellyfish; an estimated one-third of adults have ingested plastic. Plastic enters the oceans along the west coast of urban areas, where leatherbacks forage, with Californians using upward of 19 billion plastic bags every year. Plastic bags were banned in California in 2016. 1038: 1025: 1021:

between teeth corresponding to collagen-ductile failure. The triangular tooth geometry is able to evenly distribute load and absorb energy. This leads to a high strength in tension since this geometry takes advantage of the tensile strength of bone and the interface. Additionally, the carapace is tough because sutures prevent crack propagation. Under load, cracks interact with the sutures which can resist crack growth via crack bridging. This phenomenon was observed in sequential compression of osteoderm samples.

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This hunting strategy often places turtles in very frigid waters. One individual was found actively hunting in waters where temperatures were as low as 0.4 °C (32.7 °F). Following each foraging dive, the leatherback would return to warmer (17.5 °C (63.5 °F)) surface waters to regain body heat before continuing to dive into near freezing waters. Leatherback turtles are known to pursue prey deeper than 1000 m—beyond the physiological limits of all other diving

1472:, and even small quantities of debris can kill sea turtles by obstructing their digestive tracts. Nutrient dilution, which occurs when plastics displace food in the gut, affects the nutrient gain and consequently the growth of sea turtles. Ingestion of marine debris and slowed nutrient gain leads to increased time for sexual maturation that may affect future reproductive behaviors. These turtles have the highest risk of encountering and ingesting plastic bags offshore of 1845:, find the leatherback sea turtle culturally significant because it is one of their five main creators. The Seri people devote ceremonies and fiestas to the turtle when one is caught and then released back into the environment. The Seri people have noticed the drastic decline in turtle populations over the years and created a conservation movement to help this. The group, made up of both youth and elders from the tribe, is called Grupo Tortuguero Comaac. They use both 1931: 145: 1017:

keratinous shell. The osteoderms are made up of bone-like hydroxyapatite/collagen tissue and have jagged edges, referred to as teeth. These osteoderms are connected by a configuration of interpenetrating extremities called sutures that provide flexibility to the carapace, enabling in plane and out of plane movement between osteoderms. This is important since the lungs, and thus the carapace, expand when taking in air and contract when deep diving.

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their lives in the ocean, their eyes are not well adapted to night vision on land. The typical nesting environment includes a dark forested area adjacent to the beach. The contrast between this dark forest and the brighter, moonlit ocean provides directionality for the females. They nest towards the dark and then return to the ocean and the light. The mean time it takes to complete a nesting event from landing to departure is 108.1 minutes.

1229:, host the largest nesting population on the African continent and possibly worldwide, with nearly 30,000 turtles visiting its beaches each year between October and April. Off the northeastern coast of the South American continent, a few select beaches between French Guiana and Suriname are primary nesting sites of several species of sea turtles, the majority being leatherbacks. A few hundred nest annually on the eastern coast of 1987:

contaminants include arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium. The contaminants were found in higher concentrations in the blood compared to the salt gland secretions. The length of the curve in the carapace of a turtle had a direct correlation with cadmium and mercury concentrations. Salt glands and red blood cells are potentially susceptible to high levels of contaminants being found in the oceans.

1296:, once had the largest nesting population in the world, hosting 10,000 nests per year. The major cause of the decline was egg consumption by humans. Conservation efforts initiated in the 1960s were ineffective because they involved excavating and incubating eggs at artificial sites which inadvertently exposed the eggs to high temperatures. It only became known in the 1980s that sea turtles undergo 1686: 2132:, a global nonprofit that teams volunteer with scientists to conduct important environmental research, launched a program called "Trinidad's Leatherback Sea Turtles". This program strives to help save the world's largest turtle from extinction in Matura Beach, Trinidad, as volunteers work side by side with leading scientists and a local conservation group, 1043: 1041: 1042: 1325: 1040: 2147:

has one such initiative. Parismina is an isolated sandbar where a large number of leatherbacks lay eggs, but poachers abound. Since 1998, the village has been assisting turtles with a hatchery program. The Parismina Social Club is a charitable organization backed by American tourists and expatriates,

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Conserving Pacific and Eastern Atlantic populations were included among the top-ten issues in turtle conservation in the first State of the World's Sea Turtles report published in 2006. The report noted significant declines in the Mexican, Costa Rican, and Malaysian populations. The eastern Atlantic

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Due to their diet consisting of gelatinous zooplankton, the leatherback sea turtle consumes high amounts of salt. Different life stages of dead individuals from the western Atlantic Ocean were used to test the concentrations of various contaminants found in the salt glands and red blood cells. These

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in one breeding season. About nine days pass between nesting events. Average clutch size is around 110 eggs, 85% of which are viable. After laying, the female carefully back-fills the nest, disguising it from predators with a scattering of sand. With the average clutch size being around 110, around

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Very little is known of the species' lifespan. Some reports claim "30 years or more", while others state "50 years or more" and upper estimates exceed 100 years. In 2020, researchers from CSIRO, Australia's National Science Agency, developed a method to calculate the natural lifespan of vertebrate

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to the U.S.A. in a 20,000 km (12,000 mi) foraging journey over a period of 647 days. Leatherbacks follow their jellyfish prey throughout the day, resulting in turtles "preferring" deeper water in the daytime, and shallower water at night (when the jellyfish rise up the water column).

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body. A large pair of front flippers powers the turtles through the water. Like other sea turtles, the leatherback has flattened forelimbs adapted for swimming in the open ocean. Claws are absent from both pairs of flippers. The leatherback's flippers are the largest in proportion to its body among

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literally translates to "Leathery Skin-turtle"). Older names include "leathery turtle" and "trunk turtle". The common names incorporating "lute" and "luth" compare the seven ridges that run the length of the animal's back to the seven strings on the musical instrument of the same name. But probably

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People around the world still harvest sea turtle eggs. Asian exploitation of turtle nests has been cited as the most significant factor for the species' global population decline. In Southeast Asia, egg harvesting in countries such as Thailand and Malaysia has led to a near-total collapse of local

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of the hatchings. After nightfall, the hatchings dig to the surface and walk to the sea. The morphology of offspring has been found to vary with nest incubation temperatures. Higher temperatures resulted in lower mass, smaller appendages, narrower carapace widths, and shorter flipper lengths while

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are easily damaged by hard rocks. Nesting beaches also have shallower approach angles from the sea. This is a vulnerability for the turtles because such beaches easily erode. They nest at night when the risk of predation and heat stress is lowest. As leatherback turtles spend the vast majority of

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The carapace of the leatherback sea turtle has a unique design which enables the sea turtles to withstand high hydrostatic pressures as they dive to depths of 1200 m. Unlike other sea turtles, the leatherback sea turtle has a soft, leathery skin which covers the osteoderms rather than a hard

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discovered individuals may spend as little as 0.1% of the day resting. This constant swimming creates muscle-derived heat. Coupled with their countercurrent heat exchangers, insulating fat covering, and large size, leatherbacks are able to maintain high temperature differentials compared to the

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The sutures connect rigid elements and flexible joints in a zig-zag configuration, so there is no region where teeth can easily penetrate the carapace. There are two main failure mechanisms for the tires in tension: tooth failure corresponding to mineral-brittle failure; and interfacial failure

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leatherback turtles to replenish the country's rapidly declining population. Some conservation biologists, however, are skeptical of the proposed plan because cloning has only succeeded on mammals such as dogs, sheep, cats, and cattle, and uncertainties persist about cloned animals' health and

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Leatherbacks have slightly fewer human-related threats than other sea turtle species, however, turtle-fishery interactions may play a larger role than previously recognized. Their flesh contains too much oil and fat to be considered palatable, reducing the demand. However, human activity still

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Adults are prone to long-distance migration. Migration occurs between the cold waters where mature leatherbacks feed, to the tropical and subtropical beaches in the regions where they hatch. In the Atlantic, females tagged in French Guiana have been recaptured on the other side of the ocean in

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Light pollution is a serious threat to sea turtle hatchlings which have a strong attraction to light. Human-generated light from streetlights and buildings causes hatchlings to become disoriented, crawling toward the light and away from the beach. Hatchlings are attracted to light because the

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have found that its true CCL is closer to 1.5 m (4.9 ft), casting doubt on the accuracy of the claimed weight, as well. On the other hand, one scientific paper has claimed that the species can weigh up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) without providing more verifiable detail. The

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and measured 213 cm (6.99 ft) in CCL and 650 kg (1,433 lb) in weight. A previous contender, the "Harlech turtle", was purportedly 256.5 cm (8.42 ft) in CCL and 916 kg (2,019 lb) in weight, however recent inspection of its remains housed at the

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The adult leatherback has been observed aggressively defending itself at sea from predators. A medium-sized adult was observed chasing a shark that had attempted to bite it and then turned its aggression and attacked the boat containing the humans observing the prior interaction.

1063:. Initial studies on their metabolic rates found leatherbacks had resting metabolisms around three times higher than expected for reptiles of their size. However, recent studies using reptile representatives encompassing all the size ranges leatherbacks pass through during 1300:; it is suspected that nearly all the artificially incubated hatchlings were female. In 2008, two turtles nested at Rantau Abang, and unfortunately, the eggs were infertile. Additionally, there are small nesting sites in southern Thailand where 18 turtles nested in 2021. 1086:

Leatherback turtles are one of the deepest-diving marine animals. Individuals have been recorded diving to depths as great as 1,280 m (4,200 ft). Typical dive durations are between 3 and 8 minutes, with dives of 30–70 minutes occurring infrequently.

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cells, while the eggs are being laid. Development then resumes, but embryos remain extremely susceptible to movement-induced mortality until the membranes fully develop after incubating for 20 to 25 days. The structural differentiation of body and organs

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animals by leveraging genetic markers and known lifespans of various species. From the genomic sequencing of DNA samples taken from five different marine turtle species, the natural lifespan of the Leatherback turtle was calculated at 90.4 years.

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can be ineffective with mature adults. In the eastern Pacific alone, a reported average of 1,500 mature females were accidentally caught annually in the 1990s. Pollution, both chemical and physical, can also be fatal. Many turtles die from

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lightest area on a natural beach is the horizon over the ocean, the darkest area is the dunes or forest. On Florida's Atlantic coast, some beaches with high turtle nesting density have lost thousands of hatchlings due to artificial light.

3890: 770:-like skin, for which it is named. Leatherback turtles have a global range, although there are multiple distinct subpopulations. The species as a whole is considered vulnerable, and some of its subpopulations are critically endangered. 1261:

in North America. The eastern Pacific population forages in the Southern Hemisphere, in waters along the western coast of South America, nesting in Mexico, Panama, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, as well as eastern Australia.

2195:'s shore, but never in the state of Paraná, this unusual act brought much attention to the area, biologists have been protecting the nests and checking their eggs' temperature, although it might be that none of the eggs are fertile. 4402: 5279: 1828:

They are also a major jellyfish predator, which helps keep populations in check. This bears importance to humans, as jellyfish diets consist largely of larval fish, the adults of which are commercially fished by humans.

1039: 2187:(TAMAR project), which works to protect nests and prevent accidental kills by fishing boats. The last official count of nesting leatherback females in Brazil yielded only seven females. In January 2010, one female at 1751: 2101:

ratified its status. In 2012, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration designated 41,914 square miles of Pacific Ocean along California, Oregon, and Washington as "critical habitat". In Canada, the

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to signal her reproductive status), the male uses head movements, nuzzling, biting, or flipper movements to determine her receptiveness. Males can mate every year but the females mate every two to three years.

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does not provide the offspring with any special advantages. Female leatherbacks are known to nest up to 10 times in a single nesting season giving them the shortest internesting interval of all sea turtles.

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leatherback turtle is scarcely larger than any other sea turtle upon hatching, as they average 61.3 mm (2.41 in) in carapace length and weigh around 46 g (1.6 oz) when freshly hatched.

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endangers leatherback turtles in direct and indirect ways. Directly, a few are caught for their meat by subsistence fisheries. Nests are raided by humans in places such as Southeast Asia. In the state of

4672: 1616:, and various large fish. Despite their lack of a hard shell, the huge adults face fewer serious predators, though they are occasionally overwhelmed and preyed on by very large marine predators such as 3094:

McClain, CR; Balk, MA; Benfield, MC; Branch, TA; Chen, C; Cosgrove, J; Dove, ADM; Gaskins, LC; Helm, RR; Hochberg, FG; Lee, FB; Marshall, A; McMurray, SE; Schanche, C; Stone, SN; Thaler, AD (2015).

1927:, there have been 603 leatherback strandings between 1980 and 2014. Almost one-quarter (23.5%) of leatherback strandings are due to vessel-strike injuries, which is the highest cause of strandings. 6325:

Wood, Roger Conant; Johnson-Gove, Jonnie; Gaffney, Eugene S.; Maley, Kevin F. (1996). "Evolution and phylogeny of the leatherback turtles (Dermochelyidae), with descriptions of new fossil taxa".

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adults average 1–1.75 m (3.3–5.7 ft) in curved carapace length (CCL), 1.83–2.2 m (6.0–7.2 ft) in total length, and 250 to 700 kg (550 to 1,540 lb) in weight. In the

3898: 1883:. In 2021, a leatherback sea turtle was laid to rest by New Zealand's Department of Conservation in a hilltop cave on the Peninsula's Horomaka Island dug by hapū and in accordance with their 1749: 1697:

While other sea turtle species almost always return to their hatching beach, leatherbacks may choose another beach within the region. They choose beaches with soft sand because their softer

1983:. Leatherback sea turtles ranging from 1885 to 2007 were autopsied for the existence of plastic in the gastrointestinal tract. It was discovered that 34% of the cases had plastic blockage. 1459:

Pacific leatherbacks migrate about 6,000 mi (9,700 km) across the Pacific from their nesting sites in Indonesia to eat California jellyfish. During these long traveling periods,

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extant sea turtles. Leatherback's front flippers can grow up to 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in large specimens, the largest flippers (even in comparison to its body) of any sea turtle.

1804:, Costa Rica. Farther east in French Guiana, nesting is from March to August. Atlantic leatherbacks nest between February and July from South Carolina in the United States to the 5287: 2162:

in Gabon, Central Africa, was created to protect Africa's most important nesting beach. More than 30,000 turtles nest on Mayumba's beaches between September and April each year.

1159:, and western Pacific Oceans. While nesting beaches have been identified in the region, leatherback populations in the Indian Ocean remain generally unassessed and unevaluated. 1750: 2174:, where more than 3,000 females nested in the late 1960s. The last official count of nesting leatherback females on that beach was recorded to be a mere two females in 1993. 6613: 4158: 2199: 4343: 3265:

Penick DN, Spotila JR, O'Connor MP, Steyermark AC, George RH, Salice CJ, Paladino FV (1998). "Thermal Independence of Muscle Tissue Metabolism in the Leatherback Turtle,

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Relatives of modern leatherback turtles have existed in relatively the same form since the first true sea turtles evolved over 110 million years ago during the

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A third possible Pacific subpopulation has been proposed, those that nest in Malaysia. This subpopulation, however, has effectively been eradicated. The beach of

980:, weighed an average of 339.3 kg (748 lb) and measured 1.54 m (5.1 ft) in CCL. The largest verified specimen ever found was discovered on the 6625: 4596:

Tomas; Guitart, R; Mateo, R; Raga, JA; et al. (2002). "Marine debris ingestion in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the Western Mediterranean".

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was founded specifically to conserve sea turtles, specifically its namesake. The foundation established a sanctuary in Costa Rica, the Parque Marino Las Baulas.

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50 percent of the eggs do not even develop into hatchlings. This only causes more concern for the species, because it makes management much harder to determine.

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The continental United States offers two major Pacific leatherback feeding areas. One well-studied area is just off the northwestern coast near the mouth of the

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surrounding water. Adult leatherbacks have been found with core body temperatures that were 18 °C (32 °F) above the water in which they were swimming.

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Recent estimates of global nesting populations are that 26,000 to 43,000 females nest annually, which is a dramatic decline from the 115,000 estimated in 1980.

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Rostal, D. C., et al. "Reproductive physiology of nesting leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2.2 (1996): 230-236.

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lists the leatherback turtle moving at 35.28 km/h (21.92 mph) in the water. More typically, they swim at 1.80–10.08 km/h (1.12–6.26 mph).

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takes place at sea. Males never leave the water once they enter it, unlike females, which nest on land. After encountering a female (which possibly exudes a

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Foley, Allen (2017). "Distributions, relative abundances, and mortality factors of sea turtles in Florida during 1980-2014 as determined from strandings".

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Rimblot F, Fretey J, Mrosovsky N, Lescure J, Pieau C (1985). "Sexual differentiation as a function of the incubation temperature of eggs in the sea-turtle

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Desvages G, Girondot M, Pieau C (1993). "Sensitive stages for the effects of temperature on gonadal aromatase activity in embryos of the marine turtle

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Bjorndal, K.A. et al., 1997. Foraging Ecology and Nutrition of Sea Turtles. In The Biology of Sea Turtles by Peter L. Lutz and John A. Musick. 218-220.

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Bjorndal; Bolten, Alan B.; Lagueux, Cynthia J.; et al. (1994). "Ingestion of marine debris by juvenile sea turtles in coastal Florida habitats".

9625: 9615: 5604:"Evidence of accumulation and elimination of inorganic contaminants from the lachrymal salt glands of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)" 5332: 4894: 4720: 9396: 9111: 3038: 976:, the mean size of adults was reported at 384 kg (847 lb) in weight and 1.55 m (5.1 ft) in CCL. Similarly, those nesting in 5204:"Influence of nest temperature on morphology of Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) hatchlings incubated in hatcheries in Oaxaca, Mexico" 4873: 938:. Seven distinct ridges rise from the carapace, crossing from the cranial to caudal margin of the turtle's back. Leatherbacks are unique among 9189: 7606: 7517: 5082:

Fretey J, Girondot M (1989). "Hydrodynamic factors involved in choice of nesting site and time of arrivals of Leatherback in french Guiana".

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of its upper lip, with backwards spines in its throat (esophagus) to help it swallow food and to stop its prey from escaping once caught.

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reptile, reaching lengths of up to 2.7 metres (8 ft 10 in) and weights of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb). It is the only living

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between the large front flippers and the core body, and an extensive network of countercurrent heat exchangers surrounding the trachea.

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The leatherback has several characteristics that distinguish it from other sea turtles. Its most notable feature is the lack of a bony

1269:. The other American area is located in California. Further north, off the Pacific coast of Canada, leatherbacks visit the beaches of 9450: 1000:

exhibits several anatomical characteristics believed to be associated with a life in cold waters, including an extensive covering of

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Paladino FV, O'Connor MP, Spotila JR (1990). "Metabolism of Leatherback Turtles, Gigantothermy, and Thermoregulation of Dinosaurs".

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Leatherback turtles face many predators in their early lives. Eggs may be preyed on by a diversity of coastal predators, including

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Several Caribbean countries started conservation programs, such as the St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network, focused on using

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Yang, Wen; Gludovatz, Bernd; Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.; Bale, Hrishikesh A.; Ritchie, Robert O.; Meyers, Marc A. (1 April 2013).

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suggest only 2,300 adult females of the Pacific leatherback remain, making it the most endangered marine turtle subpopulation.

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Goff GP, Stenson GB (1988). "Brown Adipose Tissue in Leatherback Sea Turtles: A Thermogenic Organ in an Endothermic Reptile".

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Yang, Wen; Chen, Irene H.; Gludovatz, Bernd; Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.; Ritchie, Robert O.; Meyers, Marc A. (4 January 2013).

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Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status

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turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status

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Reina, R. D.; Mayor, P. A.; Spotila, J. R.; Piedra, R.; Paladino, F. V. (2002). "Nesting ecology of the leatherback turtle,

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prey is found, which broadens their range. However, only a few beaches on both sides of the Atlantic provide nesting sites.

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Rather than using a high resting metabolism, leatherbacks appear to take advantage of a high activity rate. Studies on wild

9645: 9303: 6699: 1329: 122: 3306:"Ontogenetic Changes in Tracheal Structure Facilitate Deep Dives and Cold Water Foraging in Adult Leatherback Sea Turtles" 9670: 9640: 9630: 9610: 1372:

Their favored breeding beaches are mainland sites facing the deep water, and they seem to avoid those sites protected by

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lower temperatures resulted in greater mass, wider appendage widths, wider carapace widths, and longer flipper lengths.

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The leatherback turtle population in the Atlantic Ocean ranges across the entire region. They range as far north as the

9620: 9370: 9046: 8857: 6667: 3929: 3047: 2345: 2119: 824: 295: 6266: 4793:"Influence of nest location and yolkless eggs on the hatching success of leatherback turtle clutches in French Guiana" 4237: 2911: 9635: 9490: 9480: 9308: 9202: 6343:

Hirsch, Rebecca E.. Leatherback Sea Turtles: Ancient Swimming Reptiles. United States, Lerner Publishing Group, 2015.

4295: 1742: 1249:, Indonesia, and the Solomon Islands, and forages across the Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere, along the coasts of 9064: 2319:"Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status" 1178:

in the south. Unlike other sea turtles, leatherback feeding areas are in colder waters, where an abundance of their

9580: 9550: 9422: 9316: 3731: 2369: 1846: 9194: 6043: 4759:"Arthropod succession in leatherback turtle carrion and implications for determination of the postmortem interval" 9650: 9495: 9077: 4098: 3558:

Wallace BP, Jones TT (2008). "What Makes Marine Turtles Go: A Review of Metabolic Rates and their Consequences".

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prey on the hatchlings scrambling for the sea. Once they enter the water, they become prey to predatory fish and

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flies invaded the corpse, as well. Organisms from more than a dozen families took part in consuming the carcass.

6244: 4267:(2006). "Expanded Thermal Niche for a Diving Vertebrate: A Leatherback Turtle Diving into Near-Freezing Water". 3208: 9665: 9530: 9515: 8963: 8923: 8732: 7815: 2098: 4227:, 8 May 2012, retrieved from Universiti Malaysia Terengganu's Sea Turtle Research Unit website on 13 May 2012. 1792:) soon follows. The eggs hatch in about 60 to 70 days. As with other reptiles, the nest's ambient temperature 9655: 9590: 9565: 9555: 9540: 9176: 4871: 3762: 869:

Both the turtle's common and scientific names come from the leathery texture and appearance of its carapace (

9510: 9485: 8709: 6655: 6373: 2207: 2007: 1954:. Entanglement in lobster pot ropes is another hazard the animals face. As the largest living sea turtles, 1849:

and Western technology to help manage the turtle populations and protect the turtle's natural environment.

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Willgohs JF (1957). "Occurrence of the Leathery Turtle in the Northern North Sea and off Western Norway".

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García-Grajales, J.; Meraz-Hernando, J. F.; García, J. L. Arcos; Ramírez-Fuentes, E. (10 February 2021).

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classified it as endangered. Ireland and Wales initiated a joint leatherback conservation effort between

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nesting population was threatened by increased fishing pressures from eastern South American countries.

954:, the turtle's underside is lightly colored. Instead of teeth, the leatherback turtle has points on the 186: 9660: 9535: 9525: 9475: 9465: 7124: 5438: 4327: 2463: 1277: 801: 9427: 6337:

The Leatherback Turtle: Biology and Conservation. United States, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015.

5990: 5944: 5898: 5852: 5806: 5760: 5714: 5603: 5538: 3469: 3056: 9321: 9217: 6593: 6296: 6099: 2522:"Indian government's development plans for the Andamans may endanger the world's largest sea turtles" 2123: 1194: 1109: 6757: 5602:

Perrault, Justin R.; Lehner, Andreas F.; Buchweitz, John P.; Page-Karjian, Annie (1 February 2019).

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surface is colored dark grey to black, with a scattering of white blotches and spots. Demonstrating

114: 9470: 7770: 6692: 9168: 4792: 2267: 1316:. These turtles are proposed to form a separate, genetically distinct Indian Ocean subpopulation. 9455: 9282: 8626: 6366: 4496:

Mrosovky; Ryan, GD; James, MC; et al. (2009). "Leatherback turtles: The meance of plastic".

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Davenport J, Fraher J, Fitzgerald E, McLaughlin P, Doyle T, Harman L, Cuffe T, Dockery P (2009).

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once they mature; they are most vulnerable to predation in their early life stages. Birds, small

1005: 990: 9256: 2002:, which makes export/import of this species (including parts) illegal. It has been listed as an 9401: 9116: 8885: 8598: 7398: 7356: 6499: 5248: 4850: 3470:"Structure and fracture resistance of alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) armored fish scales" 2219: 2170:

lifespans. Leatherbacks used to nest in the thousands on Malaysian beaches, including those at

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Caut, Stéphane; Guirlet, Elodie; Angulo, Elena; Das, Krishna; Girondot, Marc (25 March 2008).

2746: 1821:, the eggs are considered a delicacy. In the Caribbean, some cultures consider the eggs to be 1600:. Many of the same predators feed on baby turtles as they try to get to the ocean, as well as 9251: 7342: 6844: 6519: 4888: 4375: 3414: 2159: 2033: 1349: 1222: 318: 9207: 8950: 5045:"Environmental Unpredictability and Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Nest Loss" 3146: 1396:

jellyfish populations. Leatherbacks also feed on other soft-bodied organisms, such as other

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to highlight the leatherback's plight. On the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica, the village of

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The leatherback sea turtle is subject to different conservation laws in various countries.

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of the cell begins within hours of fertilization, but development is suspended during the

8: 8569: 6928: 6685: 6573: 4649: 4344:"Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago [OGATT] - Leatherback Turtle" 3803: 2103: 1690: 1637: 1210: 813: 134: 6100:"NOAA designates additional critical habitat for leatherback sea turtles off West Coast" 5967: 5921: 5875: 5829: 5783: 5737: 5691: 5619: 5554: 4942: 4609: 4574: 4509: 4159:"Giant turtle found on NSW beach may have been killed by pollution linked to heavy rain" 4000: 3853: 3646: 3528: 3430: 2868: 2337: 2188: 7976: 7941: 7808: 7547: 6539: 5665: 5647: 5223: 5064: 4019: 3984: 3865: 3666: 3590:

Eckert SA (2002). "Swim Speed and Movement Patterns of Gravid Leatherback Sea Turtles (

3540: 3450: 3247: 3212: 3122: 3095: 2880: 2317:

Rhodin, A. G. J.; van Dijk, P. P.; Inverson, J. B.; Shaffer, H. B. (14 December 2010).

2191:

laid hundreds of eggs. Since leatherback sea turtles had been reported to nest only at

2111: 2094: 2018: 1393: 1389: 1258: 353: 181: 149: 9002: 5627: 4961: 4926: 4872:

Michael R. Heithaus, Aaron J. Wirsing, Jordan A. Thomson, Derek A. Burkholder (2008).

4617: 3763:"Long-term monitoring of leatherback turtle diving behaviour during oceanic movements" 3282: 3004: 1312:

populations in the Indian Ocean, nesting populations are known from Sri Lanka and the

8984: 8519: 7502: 7454: 7445: 7328: 6905: 5639: 5631: 5584: 5576: 5491: 5454: 5422: 5227: 5184: 5114: 5104: 5056: 4966: 4714: 4621: 4582: 4531: 4478: 4024: 3716: 3670: 3658: 3611: 3497: 3489: 3454: 3442: 3395: 3387: 3337: 3286: 3127: 2981: 2974: 2432: 2341: 2079: 1837:

The turtle is known to be of cultural significance to tribes all over the world. The

1776: 1621: 1473: 1245:

Pacific leatherbacks divide into two populations. One population nests on beaches in

1175: 874:

more accurately derived from the lute's ribbed back which is in the form of a shell.

836: 817: 335: 8937: 5651: 5562: 5358: 4517: 4474: 3757:

Alessandro Sale; Luschi, Paolo; Mencacci, Resi; Lambardi, Paolo; Hughes, George R.;

3216: 2884: 2244: 2192: 1967:

following the ingestion of balloons and plastic bags which resemble their jellyfish

9348: 9264: 8989: 8311: 7699: 7674: 7635: 7583: 7314: 6859: 5985: 5939: 5893: 5847: 5801: 5755: 5709: 5623: 5566: 5558: 5450: 5215: 5176: 5145: 4956: 4946: 4815: 4807: 4613: 4578: 4521: 4513: 4470: 4276: 4014: 4004: 3985:"Isotope Analysis Reveals Foraging Area Dichotomy for Atlantic Leatherback Turtles" 3869: 3857: 3777: 3711: 3701: 3650: 3603: 3567: 3544: 3532: 3481: 3434: 3377: 3327: 3317: 3278: 3239: 3204: 3117: 3107: 3096:"Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna" 2872: 2422: 2333: 2262: 1999: 1818: 1633: 1345: 1270: 1024: 947: 6340:

Rake, Jody Sullivan. Leatherback Sea Turtles. United States, Capstone Press, 2012.

6013: 5201: 906: 9225: 8759: 8407: 8136: 8104: 7741: 7650: 7426: 7012: 6584: 4220: 4213: 4072: 4009: 3654: 3485: 3382: 3365: 2427: 2410: 1864: 1800:

Leatherback nesting seasons vary by location; it occurs from February to July in

1589: 1528: 1313: 1113: 1091: 840: 9295: 9181: 5781: 4874:"A review of lethal and non-lethal effects of predators on adult marine turtles" 4280: 3781: 3571: 961: 9072: 9059: 8654: 8644: 8541: 8391: 8231: 7933: 7878: 7620: 7555: 7095: 7086: 7055: 6963: 6852: 6766: 6464: 6444: 6389: 5437:

James, Michael C.; Andrea Ottensmeyer, C.; Myers, Ransom A. (13 January 2005).

2133: 2051: 2044: 1613: 1581: 1561: 1324: 1266: 1226: 1152: 985: 951: 919: 795: 751: 278: 268: 6144: 5118: 2776: 9444: 9150: 8908: 8834: 8717: 8617: 8606: 8577: 8491: 8375: 8359: 8319: 8253: 8163: 8128: 8072: 8056: 8040: 8014: 8002: 7986: 7964: 7956: 7763: 7474: 7307: 7168: 7115: 7063: 6077: 5976: 5930: 5884: 5838: 5792: 5746: 5700: 5635: 5580: 5511: 5060: 4758: 4482: 3962: 3684:

Doyle TK, Houghton JD, O'Súilleabháin PF, Hobson VJ, Marnell F, Davenport J,

3493: 3391: 3195:, at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, Costa Rica: 1988-1989 to 1999-2000". 2253: 2183: 2026: 2014: 1960: 1875:, as well as wider significance in Te Ao Māori and to the peoples of greater 1789: 1722: 1669: 1524: 1498: 1469: 1461: 1206: 1156: 1145: 977: 895: 843: 154: 65: 9375: 5149: 4951: 4542: 3944: 3607: 1867:

the leatherback turtle has great spiritual significance to the Koukourārata

1860:, the turtle is the state's main animal and is usually seen in tourism ads. 1344:. Scientists tracked a leatherback turtle that swam from Jen Womom beach of 9129: 8769: 8694: 8670: 8187: 8064: 8048: 8024: 7925: 7870: 7794: 7710: 7684: 7598: 7509: 7488: 7412: 7377: 7187: 7153: 7020: 6936: 6882: 6604: 6438: 6274: 5643: 5588: 5180: 4970: 4625: 4535: 4028: 3925: 3662: 3615: 3501: 3446: 3438: 3399: 3341: 3131: 2919: 2436: 2289: 2177:

In Brazil, reproduction of the leatherback turtle is being assisted by the

2040: 2003: 1780: 1617: 1605: 1540: 1520: 1401: 1366: 1362: 1341: 1289: 1129: 943: 809: 345: 9051: 6222: 5219: 5188: 3290: 9277: 9230: 9163: 9098: 8917: 8747: 8702: 8548: 8533: 8455: 8447: 8439: 8415: 8295: 8279: 8263: 8179: 8171: 8120: 8096: 8088: 8080: 7948: 7900: 7823: 7748: 7613: 7569: 7495: 7481: 7433: 7290: 7208: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7047: 6989: 6981: 6898: 6890: 6837: 6827: 6549: 6530: 6510: 5483: 4922: 4264: 3758: 3685: 1838: 1822: 1625: 1601: 1536: 1477: 1133: 890:, which contains the other six extant sea turtle species. However, their 759: 484: 40: 9012: 6358: 5537:

Mrosovsky, N.; Ryan, Geraldine D.; James, Michael C. (1 February 2009).

5203: 2384: 1930: 1672:

is internal, and multiple males usually mate with a single female. This

9388: 9090: 8826: 8739: 8725: 8686: 8463: 8383: 8351: 8335: 8303: 8241: 8214: 8195: 8112: 7917: 7837: 7830: 7778: 7755: 7665: 7532: 7264: 7071: 7004: 6921: 6913: 6816: 6807: 6564: 6432: 6426: 6196: 6047: 5068: 5044: 4319: 3972:. U.S Fish & Wildlife Service-North Florida Office. 31 August 2007. 3332: 3322: 3305: 3251: 2171: 2140: 2122:, the Irish Sea Leatherback Turtle Project focuses on research such as 2055: 2021:), and additionally with the following infraspecific taxa assessments: 1916: 1912: 1907:, and other opportunists dig up the nests of turtles and consume eggs. 1857: 1763: 1609: 1557: 1532: 1441: 1425: 1417: 1373: 1250: 1141: 1056: 915: 891: 887: 883: 839:

put the genus in its own family, Dermochelyidae. In 1884, the American

755: 737: 258: 248: 85: 50: 5571: 5098: 4819: 4647: 4526: 4106: 3366:"Leatherback sea turtle shell: A tough and flexible biological design" 3112: 2918:. Caribbean Conservation Corporation. 29 December 2005. Archived from 2494: 2411:"Leatherback Sea Turtle Shell: a Tough and Flexible Biological Design" 1648:

juveniles spend more of their time in tropical waters than do adults.

1531:

soon followed. After days of decomposition, beetles from the families

9103: 9033: 8818: 8678: 8662: 8591: 8555: 8505: 8498: 8423: 8399: 8343: 8287: 7994: 7786: 7734: 7692: 7405: 7363: 7271: 7257: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7194: 7039: 6867: 5311:"Taste for leatherback eggs contributes to Malaysian turtle's demise" 4324:

Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

3861: 3756: 3706: 3689: 3683: 3536: 2144: 1976: 1968: 1900: 1888: 1876: 1801: 1709: 1664: 1502: 1397: 1353: 1234: 1214: 1179: 1171: 1072: 1060: 1001: 973: 935: 382: 198: 90: 34: 8879: 4811: 3243: 794:. The genus, in turn, contains the only extant member of the family 9342: 9038: 8902: 8633: 8562: 8482: 8471: 8367: 8032: 7909: 7801: 7643: 7628: 7590: 7539: 7465: 7370: 7349: 7335: 7321: 7177: 7104: 6973: 6952: 6944: 6726: 6490: 6408: 5965: 5919: 5873: 5827: 5735: 5689: 5601: 4238:"Leatherback turtle swims from Indonesia to Oregon in epic journey" 3303: 3264: 2916:

Caribbean Conservation Corporation & Sea Turtle Survival League

2242: 2165:

In mid-2007, the Malaysian Fisheries Department revealed a plan to

2149: 1980: 1891:, according to New Zealand's state broadcaster, Radio New Zealand. 1853: 1702: 1698: 1585: 1506: 1449: 1429: 1413: 1405: 1358: 1198: 1064: 981: 965:

Esophagus of a leatherback sea turtle showing spines to retain prey

927: 763: 218: 80: 75: 60: 55: 45: 28: 4927:"Polyandry in a marine turtle: Females make the best of a bad job" 4262: 2876: 2179:

Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources

1817:

nesting populations. In Malaysia, where the turtle is practically

1185:

Off the Atlantic coast of Canada, leatherback turtles feed in the

9025: 8777: 8526: 8431: 8327: 8271: 7851: 7844: 7726: 7576: 7562: 7419: 7384: 7299: 7201: 6741: 6732: 6420: 6414: 2166: 2064:

Southwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation CR (Critically Endangered)

1951: 1924: 1565: 1516: 1230: 1137: 1052: 939: 821: 787: 767: 741: 228: 95: 70: 9243: 4696: 4548: 4459:"Turtle riders: remoras on marine turtles in Southwest Atlantic" 3172:(Testudines: Dermochelyidae): a skeletochronological analysis". 1868: 9362: 8958: 8512: 8155: 6747: 6720: 6708: 6402: 2106:

made it illegal to exploit the species in Canadian waters. The

2067:

Southwest Indian Ocean subpopulation CR (Critically Endangered)

1904: 1842: 1784: 1660: 1629: 1593: 1577: 1254: 1202: 1190: 1151:

The three major, genetically distinct populations occur in the

1125: 1121: 1071:

is not significantly different from predicted results based on

1051:

Leatherbacks have been viewed as unique among extant non-avian

955: 898:

that included other species that did not have a hard carapace.

733: 238: 208: 6014:"The Top Ten Burning Issues in Global Sea Turtle Conservation" 5286:. World Wide Fund for Nature. 16 February 2007. Archived from 4409:. World Wide Fund for Nature. 16 February 2007. Archived from 3897:. World Wide Fund for Nature. 16 February 2007. Archived from 3629:

Frair W, Ackman RG, Mrosovsky N (1972). "Body Temperatures of

3364:

Chen, Irene H.; Yang, Wen; Meyers, Marc A. (1 December 2015).

1047:

Leatherback sea turtle covering her eggs, Turtle Beach, Tobago

9290: 7719: 6786: 6677: 5488:

Voyage of the Turtle: In Pursuit of the Earth's Last Dinosaur

5131: 3551: 2316: 2200:

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

1964: 1908: 1721:

line with their flippers. One female may lay as many as nine

1569: 1497:

Dead leatherbacks that wash ashore are microecosystems while

1453: 1445: 1421: 1218: 931: 171: 165: 6324: 5436: 5084:

Ninth Annual Workshop on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology

3223: 1685: 1608:. Once in the ocean, young leatherbacks face predation from 1388:

turtles subsist almost entirely on jellyfish. Due to their

7215: 6169: 4182: 4180: 4047: 3930:"Building our Knowledge of the Leatherback Stock Structure" 3514: 3467: 3412: 3297: 3209:

10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0653:neotlt]2.0.co;2

3138: 2153: 2070:

West Pacific Ocean subpopulation CR (Critically Endangered)

2061:

Southeast Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: DD (Data Deficient)

1884: 1880: 1718: 1597: 1437: 1433: 1409: 1055:

for their ability to maintain high body temperatures using

914:

Leatherback turtles have the most hydrodynamic body of any

4790: 4648:

Department of Environmental Protection (24 October 2006).

4214:

Hope remains in conserving Malaysia’s three turtle species

3891:"WWF - Leatherback turtle - Population & Distribution" 3508: 3168:

George, R (1996). "Age and growth in leatherback turtles,

5782:

The Northwest Atlantic Leatherback Working Group (2019).

5490:. New York: Henry Holt and Company. pp. 52, 53, 60. 4791:

Caut, S.; Guirlet, E.; Jouquet, P.; Girondot, M. (2006).

3690:"Leatherback Turtles Satellite Tagged in European Waters" 3093: 1573: 6461: 6122: 5100:

Leatherback sea turtles : ancient swimming reptiles

4698: 4177: 3258: 2855:

Hirayama R. (16 April 1998). "Oldest known sea turtle".

2108:

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

862:. The subspecies were later labeled invalid synonyms of 6076:. The Oceanic Resource Foundation. 2005. Archived from 5019:"Information About Sea Turtles: Leatherback Sea Turtle" 4911:. Washington, D.C., USA: Smithsonian Institution Press. 4256: 3622: 3190: 2832:. Finnish Museum of the Natural History. Archived from 1468:

Several species of sea turtles commonly ingest plastic

6162: 6120: 4369: 4367: 1340:

Leatherback sea turtles can be found primarily in the

1120:

has the widest distribution, reaching as far north as

934:, it has thick, leathery skin with embedded minuscule 886:

period. The dermochelyids are relatives of the family

5162: 4697:

Mayne, B., Berry, O., Davies, C. (12 December 2019).

4595: 4560: 3089: 3087: 2826:"Dermochelyoidea - leatherback turtles and relatives" 1197:. The most significant Atlantic nesting sites are in 4632: 4554: 4489: 4105:. Parismina Social Club. 13 May 2007. Archived from 4077:

Mayumba National Park: Protecting Gabon's Wild Coast

4050:. Nova Scotia Leatherback Turtle Working Group. 2007 3982: 3628: 754:. It can easily be differentiated from other modern 16:

Species of marine reptile in the family Chelonioidea

6245:"Experts meet to help save world's largest turtles" 5086:: 227–229. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-232. 4364: 4296:"Australian endangered species: Leatherback Turtle" 4126: 4124: 3081:

Dermochelys coriacea. arXiv preprint q-bio/0611055.

2980:. Enfield, Middlesex : Guinness Superlatives. 2409:Chen, Irene H.; Yang, Wen; Meyers, Marc A. (2015). 2148:which collects donations to fund beach patrols. In 1971:. Chemical pollution also has an adverse effect on 5536: 5096: 4881:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 4403:"WWF - Leatherback turtle - Ecology & Habitat" 4269:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3770:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3677: 3578: 3560:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3084: 2973: 2747:"The Etymological Riddle of the Ridley Sea Turtle" 6201:Village of Parismina, Costa Rica - Turtle Project 6188: 6036: 5991:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967817A46967821.en 5945:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967863A46967866.en 5899:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967838A46967842.en 5853:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967848A46967852.en 5807:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T46967827A83327767.en 5761:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967873A46967877.en 5715:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967807A46967809.en 5470:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 4589: 4495: 4294:Hamann, Mark; Riskas, Kimberly (15 August 2013). 4103:Village of Parismina, Costa Rica - Turtle Project 2781:Weekly Times (Melbourne, Vic. : 1869 - 1954) 2156:protect leatherback nesting sites from poachers. 2085: 1067:discovered the resting metabolic rate of a large 9442: 6197:"History of the Sea Turtle Project in Parismina" 6145:"Earthwatch: Trinidad's Leatherback Sea Turtles" 5966:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5920:Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5874:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5828:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5736:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5690:Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5418:"Endangered leatherback turtle returned to hapū" 4699:"A genomic predictor of lifespan in vertebrates" 4121: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3005:"Leatherback turtle : Dermochelys coriacea" 2243:Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). 1283: 6301:Federal University of Paraná's official website 4931:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4551:, California Integrated Waste Management Board. 3876: 3144: 3079:Estimating body mass in the leatherback turtle 3032: 3030: 3028: 1689:A leatherback turtle with eggs, photo taken on 6273:(in Portuguese). December 2007. Archived from 6237: 6215: 5516:West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879 - 1954) 5081: 4456: 4338: 4336: 4048:"Nova Scotia Leatherback Turtle Working Group" 3920: 3918: 3916: 3363: 3036: 2408: 8856:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on 7094: 6693: 6666:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on 6374: 6046:. The Leatherback Trust. 2007. Archived from 6011: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 4736:"Discovering the lifespans of marine turtles" 4397: 4395: 4393: 3761:; Benvenuti, Silvano; Papi, Floriano (2006). 2268:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T6494A43526147.en 1808:in the Caribbean and to Suriname and Guyana. 1303: 5539:"Leatherback turtles: The menace of plastic" 5156: 4893:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4719:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4457:Sazima, Ivan; Grossman, Alice (March 2006). 4293: 3833: 3818: 3557: 3025: 2912:"Species Fact Sheet: Leatherback Sea Turtle" 2848: 2626: 2489: 2487: 2485: 1632:in the American tropics. Nesting females in 1233:. In Costa Rica, the beaches of Gandoca and 1144:oceans, and its range extends well into the 1094:non-avian reptiles. The 1992 edition of the 1004:, temperature-independent swimming muscles, 6289: 6018:The State of the World's Sea Turtles Report 6005: 5376:. Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. 5302: 5249:"Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)" 5125: 5075: 4756: 4333: 3937:The State of the World's Sea Turtles Report 3913: 3839: 3229: 3077:Georges, J. Y., & Fossette, S. (2006). 2976:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats 2854: 1771: 1628:. Nesting females have been preyed upon by 1509:flies after being picked open by a pair of 1319: 1209:in South America, Antigua and Barbuda, and 1108:The leatherback turtle is a species with a 831:. The leatherback was then reclassified as 7899: 6826: 6765: 6700: 6686: 6381: 6367: 5263: 4750: 4670: 4390: 4067: 4065: 2953:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 1492: 1424:). They're also believed to feed on small 344: 143: 113: 6388: 5989: 5943: 5897: 5880:(Southwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation)" 5851: 5834:(Southeast Atlantic Ocean subpopulation)" 5805: 5788:(Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation)" 5759: 5713: 5570: 4960: 4950: 4650:"DEEP: Leatherback Sea Turtle Fact Sheet" 4525: 4091: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4018: 4008: 3724: 3715: 3705: 3589: 3381: 3331: 3321: 3271:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 3121: 3111: 2482: 2426: 2361: 2266: 1934:Decaying plastic bag resembling jellyfish 1165: 901: 773: 9626:Nature Conservation Act endangered biota 9616:Critically endangered fauna of Australia 6259: 5308: 4907:Ernst, C., J. Lovich, R. Barbour. 1994. 4376:"ADW: Dermochelys coriacea: INFORMATION" 3924: 3824: 2940: 2367: 2312: 2310: 1929: 1832: 1708: 1684: 1323: 1240: 1116:. Of all the extant sea turtle species, 1036: 1023: 1011: 960: 905: 5926:(Southwest Indian Ocean subpopulation)" 5742:(Northeast Indian Ocean subpopulation)" 4920: 4914: 4909:Turtles of the United States and Canada 4671:Broadstock, Amelia (31 December 2014). 4230: 4130: 4062: 2823: 2801: 2725:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2709: 2696:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2680: 2667:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2651: 2638:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2613:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2584:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2555:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2466:(WWF). 16 February 2007. Archived from 2126:and satellite tracking of individuals. 1811: 1717:Females excavate a nest above the high- 1308:While little research has been done on 1298:temperature-dependent sex determination 854:, with each given subspecies status as 766:is covered by oily flesh and flexible, 9443: 6195:Cruz, Jerry McKinley (December 2006). 6125:. Irish Sea Leatherback Turtle Project 6123:"Irish Sea Leatherback Turtle Project" 6121:Doyle, Tom; Jonathan Houghton (2007). 6114: 5482: 5371: 5042: 4430: 4428: 4131:Profita, Cassandra (1 November 2006). 4035: 3801: 3167: 3043:, nesting in French Guiana, 1978–1995" 2999: 2997: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2744: 2568: 2519: 2370:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World" 2238: 2236: 2234: 1942:Many human activities indirectly harm 1783:period of movements and infoldings of 1132:in Africa and the southernmost tip of 8884: 8883: 6774: 6681: 6362: 6223:"Malaysia mulls cloning rare turtles" 6092: 5467: 5309:Townsend, Hamish (10 February 2007). 5169:General and Comparative Endocrinology 4733: 3795: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 2817: 2738: 2597: 2539: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2307: 1990: 1899:Leatherback turtles have few natural 1863:On the South Island of New Zealand's 910:Size of leatherback compared to human 9218:b334cc88-0ada-4f4e-bcfe-57f3228032ec 9078:618f7f0e-1de7-4f15-91fd-d03bde3fd431 6194: 6062: 5280:"WWF - Leatherback Turtle - Threats" 2971: 1330:Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge 123:Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge 9606:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area 5977:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5972:(West Pacific Ocean subpopulation)" 5931:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5885:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5839:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5793:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5747:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5701:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5696:(East Pacific Ocean subpopulation)" 4425: 4133:"Saving the 'dinosaurs of the sea'" 3970:"Leatherback Sea Turtle-Fact Sheet" 3594:) at St Croix, US Virgin Islands". 2994: 2934: 2891: 2338:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010 2254:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2231: 2097:on 2 June 1970. The passing of the 2015:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1946:populations. As a pelagic species, 1879:according to the protocols of each 1440:(possibly symbiotes with jellies), 804:named the species first in 1761 as 13: 9601:Fauna of the Western United States 9596:Fauna of the Eastern United States 9506:Reptiles of the Dominican Republic 6477: 6327:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 6318: 5097:Hirsch, Rebecca E. (August 2015). 4757:Fretey J, Babin R (January 1998). 4373: 4194:. WWF - World Wide Fund For Nature 3348: 3174:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 3048:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2443: 2206:as vulnerable, while Queensland's 2120:European Regional Development Fund 2093:The United States listed it as an 1731: 1501:. In 1996, a drowned carcass held 1392:feeding nature, leatherbacks help 1221:in Central Africa. The beaches of 1136:. The leatherback is found in all 632:Mertens, Müller & Rust, 1934 ( 14: 9682: 6347: 5628:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.206 4351:The University of the West Indies 4263:James, M.C.; Davenport, J. & 2824:Haaramo, Miiko (15 August 2003). 2520:Thomas, Rosamma (13 April 2021). 2368:Uwe, Fritz; Havaš, Peter (2007). 1979:has been measured in their eggs' 9451:IUCN Red List vulnerable species 6271:Projeto Tamar's official website 6137: 5959: 5913: 5867: 5821: 5775: 5729: 5683: 5658: 5595: 5530: 5504: 5476: 5461: 5455:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00710.x 5430: 3633:: Warm Turtle from Cold Water". 2811:North Carolina Wildlife Profiles 1847:traditional ecological knowledge 1762:Problems playing this file? See 1747: 1519:-eating beetles of the families 1476:, the Columbia River mouth, and 621:Dendrochelys (Sphargis) coriacea 185: 38: 9571:Reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago 9561:Reptiles of the Solomon Islands 8802: 8222: 5563:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.018 5410: 5380: 5365: 5351: 5325: 5241: 5195: 5090: 5036: 5011: 4986: 4977: 4901: 4865: 4839: 4826: 4784: 4727: 4690: 4664: 4641: 4518:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.018 4475:10.1590/S1679-62252006000100014 4450: 4313: 4287: 4206: 4151: 3976: 3804:"Speed of a Turtle or Tortoise" 3750: 3596:Journal of Experimental Biology 3461: 3415:"Natural Flexible Dermal Armor" 3406: 3310:Journal of Experimental Biology 3184: 3161: 3145:Eckert KL, Luginbuhl C (1988). 3071: 2965: 2795: 2769: 2719:Dermochelys coriacea schlegelii 1894: 1546: 1103: 732:, is the largest of all living 673:Dermochelys coriacea schlegelli 665:Dermochelys coriacea schlegelii 6707: 6012:Mast RB, Pritchard PC (2006). 2513: 2501:. turtles.org. 24 January 2004 2402: 2282: 2099:Endangered Species Act of 1973 2086:National and local initiatives 1743:The female back-fills the nest 1097:Guinness Book of World Records 1028:Hatchlings crawling to the sea 1006:countercurrent heat exchangers 850:. The two were then united in 629:Dermochelys coriacea schlegeli 1: 9586:Reptiles of Western Australia 9576:Reptiles of the United States 6303:(in Portuguese). January 2010 5512:"TURTLE CAUGHT WITH CRAY POT" 4618:10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00236-3 4079:. Mayumba National Park. 2006 3827:Guinness Book of Records 1992 3283:10.1016/S1095-6433(98)00024-5 3037:Girondot M, Fretey J (1996). 2690:Dermochelys coriacea coriacea 2326:Chelonian Research Monographs 2225: 2013:The species is listed in the 1284:South China Sea subpopulation 1032: 613:Dermochelys coriacea coriacea 6656:Psephophorus terrypratchetti 5518:. 3 January 1951. p. 10 5374:People of the Desert and Sea 4994:"Life Cycle of Leatherbacks" 4583:10.1016/0025-326X(94)90391-3 4242:International Herald Tribune 4010:10.1371/journal.pone.0001845 3655:10.1126/science.177.4051.791 3486:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.026 3383:10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.023 2661:Sphargis coriacea schlegelii 2428:10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.023 2383:(2): 174–176. Archived from 2208:Nature Conservation Act 1992 2008:Zoological Society of London 1841:, from the Mexican state of 1806:United States Virgin Islands 1680: 1551: 877: 848:Sphargis coriacea schlegelii 808:after an animal captured at 127:United States Virgin Islands 7: 9646:Vulnerable fauna of Oceania 8869:List of Testudines families 6614:Psephophorus californiensis 6247:. Yahoo! News. 17 July 2007 5208:Canadian Journal of Zoology 5043:Eckert, Karen Lind (1987). 4800:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4281:10.1016/j.jembe.2006.03.013 3782:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.07.006 3694:Endangered Species Research 3572:10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.023 2213: 1483: 778: 10: 9687: 9671:Habitats Directive species 9641:Vulnerable biota of Europe 9631:Vulnerable biota of Africa 9611:Reptiles described in 1761 5388:"Grupo Tortuguero Comcaåc" 4849:. Seaworld. Archived from 4188:"WWF - Leathetback turtle" 4099:"Sea Turtles of Parismina" 2783:. 3 March 1954. p. 40 2745:Dundee, Harold A. (2001). 2464:World Wide Fund for Nature 2456:"WWF - Leatherback turtle" 1950:is occasionally caught as 1379: 1335: 1304:Indian Ocean subpopulation 942:in that their scales lack 802:Domenico Agostino Vandelli 548:Duméril & Bibron, 1835 9621:EPBC Act vulnerable biota 9332: 8892: 8852: 8809: 8795: 8757: 8643: 8616: 8481: 8251: 8229: 8213: 8146: 8012: 7974: 7892: 7861: 7709: 7673: 7664: 7464: 7443: 7289: 7176: 7167: 7114: 7085: 7030: 6962: 6815: 6806: 6784: 6783: 6756: 6715: 6664: 6620:Psephophorus calvertensis 6602: 6594:Mesodermochelys undulatus 6582: 6562: 6548: 6528: 6508: 6488: 6475: 6460: 6453: 6397: 6070:"The Leatherback Turtle ( 5543:Marine Pollution Bulletin 4598:Marine Pollution Bulletin 4563:Marine Pollution Bulletin 4498:Marine Pollution Bulletin 3825:McFarlan, Donald (1991). 3055:: 204–208. Archived from 2830:Miiko's Phylogeny Archive 2802:Godfrey, Matthew (2018). 2495:"The Leatherback Turtle ( 1655: 1515:vultures. Infestation by 1237:provide nesting grounds. 1195:Newfoundland and Labrador 846:described the species as 835:. In 1843, the zoologist 561:Dermochelydis tuberculata 359: 352: 343: 324: 317: 182:Scientific classification 180: 163: 141: 132: 121: 112: 23: 9636:Vulnerable fauna of Asia 9491:Turtles of South America 9481:Turtles of North America 6644:Psephophorus rupeliensis 6225:. NBC News. 12 July 2007 5984:: e.T46967817A46967821. 5938:: e.T46967863A46967866. 5892:: e.T46967838A46967842. 5846:: e.T46967848A46967852. 5800:: e.T46967827A83327767. 5754:: e.T46967873A46967877. 5708:: e.T46967807A46967809. 5372:Felger, Richard (1985). 4834:The plight of the turtle 4766:Marine Turtle Newsletter 4734:CSIRO (20 August 2020). 3151:Marine Turtle Newsletter 2804:"Leatherback Sea Turtle" 2777:"Giant turtle a captive" 2751:Marine Turtle Newsletter 2210:lists it as endangered. 1772:Development of offspring 1320:Ecology and life history 720:), sometimes called the 9581:Reptiles of West Africa 9551:Reptiles of New Zealand 6632:Psephophorus oregonesis 6203:. Parismina Social Club 6044:"The Leatherback Trust" 5150:10.1163/156853885X00218 5103:. Lerner Publications. 4952:10.1073/pnas.0307982101 4883:(356). Elsevier: 43–51. 4836:. Science World, 59: 8. 4463:Neotropical Ichthyology 3943:: 10–11. Archived from 3802:Shweky, Rachel (1999). 3608:10.1242/jeb.205.23.3689 2116:University College Cork 1956:turtle excluder devices 1713:Baby leatherback turtle 1493:Death and decomposition 991:National Museum Cardiff 581:Dermatochaelis coriacea 553:Dermatochelys atlantica 537:Testudo coriacea marina 9651:ESA endangered species 9496:Reptiles of Bangladesh 6638:Psephophorus polygonus 6556:Leatherback sea turtle 6500:Arabemys crassiscutata 6482: 6176:. Heather Hjorth. 2009 5181:10.1006/gcen.1993.1142 3806:. The Physics Factbook 3439:10.1002/adma.201202713 3039:"Leatherback turtles, 2220:Threats to sea turtles 1935: 1873:te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu 1736: 1714: 1694: 1332: 1328:Leatherback turtle at 1187:Gulf of Saint Lawrence 1166:Atlantic subpopulation 1048: 1029: 966: 946:. The entire turtle's 911: 902:Anatomy and physiology 894:is the extinct family 774:Taxonomy and evolution 712:leatherback sea turtle 597:Dermochelys schlegelii 509:Dermatochelys coriacea 24:Leatherback sea turtle 9666:Symbols of California 9531:Reptiles of Indonesia 9516:Reptiles of Guatemala 9252:Paleobiology Database 6626:Psephophorus eocaenus 6520:Corsochelys halinches 6481: 5335:. NSF. Archived from 5333:"Jellyfish Gone Wild" 5220:10.1139/cjz-2020-0083 4378:. Animaldiversity.org 3829:. New York: Guinness. 3717:10536/DRO/DU:30058338 2972:Wood, Gerald (1983). 2941:Fontanes, F. (2003). 2160:Mayumba National Park 2034:Critically Endangered 1933: 1833:Cultural significance 1735: 1712: 1693:beach (French Guiana) 1688: 1636:are also attacked by 1327: 1241:Pacific subpopulation 1223:Mayumba National Park 1046: 1027: 1012:Mechanical properties 964: 909: 736:and the heaviest non- 685:Dermochelys schlegeli 605:Dermatochelys angusta 545:Dermochelys atlantica 529:Dermatochelys porcata 479:Dermochelis atlantica 9656:Turtles of Australia 9591:Reptiles of Suriname 9566:Reptiles of Thailand 9556:Reptiles of Pakistan 9541:Reptiles of Malaysia 9073:Fauna Europaea (new) 9003:dermochelys-coriacea 8964:dermochelys-coriacea 8951:Dermochelys_coriacea 8924:Dermochelys coriacea 8894:Dermochelys coriacea 6650:Psephophorus scaldii 6080:on 28 September 2007 6072:Dermochelys coriacea 5970:Dermochelys coriacea 5924:Dermochelys coriacea 5878:Dermochelys coriacea 5832:Dermochelys coriacea 5786:Dermochelys coriacea 5740:Dermochelys coriacea 5694:Dermochelys coriacea 5165:Dermochelys coriacea 5134:Dermochelys coriacea 4438:Dermochelys coriacea 4219:25 July 2012 at the 4139:. The Daily Astorian 4109:on 11 September 2007 3631:Dermochelys coriacea 3602:(Pt 23): 3689–3697. 3592:Dermochelys coriacea 3316:(Pt 21): 3440–3447. 3267:Dermochelys coriacea 3193:Dermochelys coriacea 3170:Dermochelys coriacea 3041:Dermochelys coriacea 2951:Animal Diversity Web 2945:Dermochelys coriacea 2922:on 28 September 2007 2549:Dermochelys coriacea 2497:Dermochelys coriacea 2290:"Appendices | CITES" 2261:: e.T6494A43526147. 2247:Dermochelys coriacea 2130:Earthwatch Institute 1812:Importance to humans 1638:saltwater crocodiles 1294:Terengganu, Malaysia 1193:and as far north as 1128:and as far south as 1002:brown adipose tissue 871:Dermochelys coriacea 833:Dermochelys coriacea 784:Dermochelys coriacea 717:Dermochelys coriacea 501:Sphargis tuberculata 455:Sphargis mercurialis 447:Dermochelys coriacea 328:Dermochelys coriacea 9511:Reptiles of Myanmar 9486:Reptiles of Oceania 6574:Eosphargis breineri 6354:National Geographic 6277:on 21 December 2007 5670:Edgeofexistence.org 5620:2019Chmsp.217...59P 5555:2009MarPB..58..287M 5392:Oceanrevolution.org 5290:on 21 November 2007 5136:(Vandelli, 1761)". 5023:Conserveturtles.org 4943:2004PNAS..101.6530L 4610:2002MarPB..44..211T 4575:1994MarPB..28..154B 4510:2009MarPB..58..287M 4444:Reptiles of Ecuador 4001:2008PLoSO...3.1845C 3854:1957Natur.179..163W 3732:"Leatherbacks home" 3647:1972Sci...177..791F 3529:1990Natur.344..858P 3431:2013AdM....25...31Y 2869:1998Natur.392..705H 2104:Species at Risk Act 2054:subpopulation: EN ( 2043:subpopulation: DD ( 1965:intestinal blockage 1691:Salines de Montjoly 1652:Morocco and Spain. 1592:ranging from small 1211:Trinidad and Tobago 1059:generated heat, or 814:University of Padua 812:and donated to the 693:Dermochelys coricea 657:Sphargis schlegelii 415:Testudo tuberculata 135:Conservation status 9546:Reptiles of Mexico 9521:Reptiles of Guyana 9501:Reptiles of Canada 9208:leatherback-turtle 7977:Nanhsiungchelyidae 7942:Macrocephalochelys 6540:Cosmochelys dolloi 6483: 6267:"Tamar's Bulletin" 6050:on 1 November 2007 5398:on 20 October 2018 3736:Daily News Tribune 3474:Acta Biomaterialia 3419:Advanced Materials 3370:Acta Biomaterialia 3323:10.1242/jeb.034991 3147:"Death of a Giant" 2470:on 12 October 2007 2415:Acta Biomaterialia 2377:Vertebrate Zoology 2152:, patrollers from 2112:Swansea University 2095:endangered species 1991:Global initiatives 1975:. A high level of 1936: 1794:determines the sex 1737: 1715: 1695: 1622:great white sharks 1333: 1090:They are also the 1049: 1030: 967: 912: 820:. In 1816, French 569:Sphargis coriacea 564:Alessandrini, 1838 520:Rafinesque, 1832 ( 377:Testudo coriaceous 9661:Turtles of Brazil 9536:Reptiles of Japan 9526:Reptiles of India 9476:Turtles of Europe 9466:Turtles of Africa 9438: 9437: 8886:Taxon identifiers 8877: 8876: 8848: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8209: 8208: 8205: 8204: 7888: 7887: 7660: 7659: 7163: 7162: 7081: 7080: 6802: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6675: 6674: 6473: 6472: 6297:"UFPR's bulletin" 5497:978-0-8050-8318-7 5423:Radio New Zealand 5138:Amphibia-Reptilia 5110:978-1-4677-8275-3 4937:(17): 6530–6535. 4925:(27 April 2004). 4832:Chiang, M. 2003. 4549:Calrecycle.ca.gov 4244:. 8 February 2008 4225:The Star Malaysia 3848:(4551): 163–164. 3641:(4051): 791–793. 3523:(6269): 858–860. 3113:10.7717/peerj.715 2987:978-0-85112-235-9 2863:(6677): 705–708. 2080:Leatherback Trust 1752: 1474:San Francisco Bay 1276:Estimates by the 1176:Cape of Good Hope 1044: 837:Leopold Fitzinger 818:Pope Clement XIII 758:by its lack of a 708: 707: 701: 689: 681: 669: 661: 653: 645: 637: 625: 617: 609: 601: 593: 585: 577: 565: 557: 549: 541: 533: 525: 513: 505: 504:Gravenhorst, 1829 497: 493:Sphargis coriacea 489: 475: 467: 459: 451: 443: 435: 431:Chelonia coriacea 427: 419: 411: 403: 395: 387: 373: 299: 175: 158: 9678: 9431: 9430: 9418: 9417: 9405: 9404: 9392: 9391: 9379: 9378: 9366: 9365: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9334:Testudo coriacea 9325: 9324: 9312: 9311: 9299: 9298: 9286: 9285: 9273: 9272: 9260: 9259: 9247: 9246: 9234: 9233: 9221: 9220: 9211: 9210: 9198: 9197: 9185: 9184: 9182:NBNSYS0000188646 9172: 9171: 9159: 9158: 9146: 9145: 9133: 9132: 9120: 9119: 9107: 9106: 9094: 9093: 9081: 9080: 9068: 9067: 9055: 9054: 9042: 9041: 9029: 9028: 9016: 9015: 9006: 9005: 8993: 8992: 8980: 8979: 8967: 8966: 8954: 8953: 8941: 8940: 8928: 8927: 8926: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8881: 8880: 8807: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8312:Chupacabrachelys 8227: 8226: 8220: 8219: 7897: 7896: 7675:Carettochelyidae 7671: 7670: 7174: 7173: 7092: 7091: 6824: 6823: 6813: 6812: 6781: 6780: 6772: 6771: 6763: 6762: 6702: 6695: 6688: 6679: 6678: 6480: 6458: 6457: 6383: 6376: 6369: 6360: 6359: 6334: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6174:Save the Turtles 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6009: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5993: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5947: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5901: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5855: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5809: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5763: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5717: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5574: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5394:. Archived from 5384: 5378: 5377: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5359:"Jellyfish Diet" 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5276: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4964: 4954: 4918: 4912: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4892: 4884: 4878: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4843: 4837: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4797: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4763: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4718: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4645: 4639: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4529: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4413:on 9 August 2007 4399: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4371: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4348: 4340: 4331: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4300:The Conversation 4291: 4285: 4284: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4234: 4228: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4128: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4073:"Marine Turtles" 4069: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4044: 4033: 4032: 4022: 4012: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3949: 3934: 3922: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3901:on 9 August 2007 3887: 3874: 3873: 3862:10.1038/179163a0 3837: 3831: 3830: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3767: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3709: 3707:10.3354/esr00076 3681: 3675: 3674: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3587: 3576: 3575: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3537:10.1038/344858a0 3512: 3506: 3505: 3480:(4): 5876–5889. 3465: 3459: 3458: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3385: 3361: 3346: 3345: 3335: 3325: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3238:(4): 1071–1075. 3227: 3221: 3220: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3125: 3115: 3091: 3082: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3034: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2979: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2908: 2889: 2888: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2808: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2634:"Dermochelyidae" 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2578:Testudo coriacea 2572: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2491: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2452: 2441: 2440: 2430: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2389: 2374: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2357:on 17 July 2011. 2356: 2350:. Archived from 2323: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2240: 2189:Pontal do Paraná 2118:. Funded by the 2000:CITES Appendix I 1754: 1753: 1734: 1634:Papua New Guinea 1512:Coragyps atratus 1346:Tambrauw Regency 1271:British Columbia 1045: 918:, with a large, 860:D. c. schlegelii 827:coined the term 825:Henri Blainville 806:Testudo coriacea 695: 687: 676:Caldwell, 1962 ( 675: 667: 659: 651: 649:Seytina coriacea 643: 641:Chelyra coriacea 631: 624:Pierantoni, 1934 623: 615: 607: 599: 591: 589:Sphargis angusta 583: 575: 563: 555: 547: 539: 531: 519: 517:Chelyra coriacca 511: 503: 495: 481: 473: 471:Scytina coriacea 465: 463:Coriudo coriacea 457: 450:Blainville, 1816 449: 442:Rafinesque, 1814 441: 433: 426:Brongniart, 1805 425: 423:Chelone coriacea 417: 409: 401: 393: 379: 372:Vandellius, 1761 371: 369:Testudo coriacea 363:List of synonyms 348: 330: 310:D. coriacea 294: 190: 189: 169: 152: 147: 146: 117: 107: 37: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 9686: 9685: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9471:Turtles of Asia 9441: 9440: 9439: 9434: 9426: 9421: 9413: 9408: 9400: 9395: 9387: 9382: 9374: 9369: 9361: 9356: 9347: 9346: 9341: 9328: 9320: 9315: 9307: 9302: 9294: 9289: 9281: 9276: 9268: 9263: 9255: 9250: 9242: 9237: 9229: 9226:Observation.org 9224: 9216: 9214: 9206: 9201: 9193: 9188: 9180: 9175: 9167: 9162: 9154: 9149: 9141: 9136: 9128: 9123: 9115: 9110: 9102: 9097: 9089: 9084: 9076: 9071: 9063: 9058: 9050: 9045: 9037: 9032: 9024: 9019: 9011: 9009: 9001: 8996: 8988: 8983: 8975: 8970: 8962: 8957: 8949: 8944: 8936: 8931: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8888: 8878: 8873: 8840: 8783: 8760:Sahonachelyidae 8753: 8639: 8612: 8477: 8408:Phosphatochelys 8247: 8201: 8142: 8137:Terlinguachelys 8105:Pneumatoarthrus 8008: 7970: 7884: 7857: 7705: 7656: 7460: 7439: 7427:Siebenrockiella 7285: 7159: 7110: 7077: 7026: 7013:Mesodermochelys 6958: 6819: 6790: 6752: 6711: 6706: 6676: 6671: 6660: 6598: 6585:Mesodermochelys 6578: 6558: 6544: 6524: 6504: 6484: 6478: 6469: 6462:Species of the 6449: 6393: 6387: 6350: 6321: 6319:Further reading 6316: 6306: 6304: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6228: 6226: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6206: 6204: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6170:"Parismina.com" 6168: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6083: 6081: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6053: 6051: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6027: 6025: 6010: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5964: 5960: 5950: 5948: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5872: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5600: 5596: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5519: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5481: 5477: 5466: 5462: 5443:Ecology Letters 5435: 5431: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5370: 5366: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5342: 5340: 5339:on 12 July 2010 5331: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5278: 5277: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5200: 5196: 5161: 5157: 5130: 5126: 5111: 5095: 5091: 5080: 5076: 5041: 5037: 5027: 5025: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4998:Leatherback.org 4992: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4919: 4915: 4906: 4902: 4886: 4885: 4876: 4870: 4866: 4856: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4831: 4827: 4812:10.1139/z06-063 4795: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4761: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4732: 4728: 4712: 4711: 4704: 4702: 4695: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4669: 4665: 4655: 4653: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4633: 4594: 4590: 4559: 4555: 4547: 4543: 4494: 4490: 4455: 4451: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4401: 4400: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4372: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4334: 4328:Greenwood Press 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4292: 4288: 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4221:Wayback Machine 4211: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4165:. 30 March 2022 4157: 4156: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4129: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4046: 4045: 4036: 3981: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3889: 3888: 3877: 3838: 3834: 3823: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3765: 3759:Hays, Graeme C. 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3682: 3678: 3627: 3623: 3588: 3579: 3556: 3552: 3513: 3509: 3466: 3462: 3411: 3407: 3362: 3349: 3302: 3298: 3263: 3259: 3244:10.2307/1445737 3228: 3224: 3189: 3185: 3166: 3162: 3143: 3139: 3092: 3085: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3059:on 21 July 2011 3035: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2995: 2988: 2970: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2910: 2909: 2892: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2836:on 25 June 2007 2822: 2818: 2806: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2760: 2758: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2671: 2669: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2454: 2453: 2444: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2372: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2348: 2321: 2315: 2308: 2298: 2296: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2241: 2232: 2228: 2216: 2088: 1993: 1897: 1865:Banks Peninsula 1835: 1819:locally extinct 1814: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1760: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1738: 1732: 1683: 1658: 1562:monitor lizards 1554: 1549: 1495: 1486: 1382: 1338: 1322: 1314:Nicobar Islands 1306: 1286: 1243: 1168: 1106: 1037: 1035: 1014: 920:teardrop-shaped 904: 880: 781: 776: 762:; instead, its 726:leathery turtle 704: 600:Stejneger, 1907 556:Fitzinger, 1835 482:LeSueur, 1829 ( 439:Testudo lutaria 391:Testudo arcuata 380:Pennant, 1769 ( 365: 364: 339: 332: 326: 313: 293: 184: 176: 159: 148: 144: 137: 108: 106: 105: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 43: 32: 31: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9684: 9674: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9456:Dermochelyidae 9453: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9432: 9419: 9406: 9393: 9380: 9367: 9354: 9338: 9336: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9313: 9300: 9287: 9274: 9261: 9248: 9235: 9222: 9212: 9199: 9186: 9173: 9160: 9147: 9134: 9121: 9108: 9095: 9082: 9069: 9060:Fauna Europaea 9056: 9043: 9030: 9017: 9007: 8994: 8981: 8968: 8955: 8942: 8929: 8914: 8898: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8871: 8864: 8863: 8862:. † = extinct. 8853: 8850: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8838: 8830: 8822: 8813: 8811: 8804: 8797: 8793: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8773: 8764: 8762: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8743: 8736: 8729: 8721: 8713: 8706: 8698: 8690: 8682: 8674: 8666: 8658: 8655:Albertwoodemys 8649: 8647: 8645:Podocnemididae 8641: 8640: 8638: 8637: 8630: 8622: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8552: 8545: 8542:Lomalatachelys 8537: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8487: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8475: 8467: 8459: 8451: 8443: 8435: 8427: 8419: 8411: 8403: 8395: 8392:Labrostochelys 8387: 8379: 8371: 8363: 8355: 8347: 8339: 8331: 8323: 8315: 8307: 8299: 8291: 8283: 8275: 8267: 8258: 8256: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8236: 8234: 8232:Araripemydidae 8224: 8217: 8211: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8199: 8191: 8183: 8175: 8167: 8159: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8132: 8124: 8116: 8108: 8100: 8092: 8084: 8076: 8068: 8060: 8052: 8044: 8036: 8028: 8019: 8017: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8006: 7998: 7990: 7981: 7979: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7960: 7952: 7945: 7937: 7934:Emarginachelys 7929: 7921: 7913: 7905: 7903: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7879:Sinaspideretes 7874: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7819: 7812: 7805: 7798: 7790: 7782: 7774: 7767: 7759: 7752: 7745: 7738: 7730: 7723: 7715: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7703: 7696: 7688: 7679: 7677: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7647: 7639: 7632: 7624: 7617: 7610: 7602: 7594: 7587: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7556:Hesperotestudo 7551: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7521: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7470: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7450: 7448: 7446:Platysternidae 7441: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7353: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7303: 7295: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7198: 7191: 7182: 7180: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7136: 7128: 7120: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7108: 7100: 7098: 7096:Dermatemydidae 7089: 7087:Kinosternoidea 7083: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7067: 7059: 7056:Procolpochelys 7051: 7043: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7024: 7016: 7008: 7000: 6993: 6985: 6977: 6968: 6966: 6964:Dermochelyidae 6960: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6948: 6940: 6932: 6925: 6917: 6909: 6902: 6894: 6886: 6878: 6871: 6863: 6856: 6853:Carolinochelys 6848: 6841: 6832: 6830: 6821: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6778: 6769: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6744: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6705: 6704: 6697: 6690: 6682: 6673: 6672: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6609: 6607: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6589: 6587: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6569: 6567: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6542: 6535: 6533: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6513: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6495: 6493: 6486: 6485: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6465:Dermochelyidae 6455: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6445:Dermochelyidae 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6390:Dermochelyidae 6386: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6349: 6348:External links 6346: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6288: 6258: 6236: 6214: 6187: 6161: 6149:Earthwatch.org 6136: 6113: 6091: 6061: 6035: 6004: 5958: 5912: 5866: 5820: 5774: 5728: 5682: 5657: 5594: 5549:(2): 287–289. 5529: 5503: 5496: 5475: 5460: 5449:(2): 195–201. 5429: 5409: 5379: 5364: 5350: 5324: 5301: 5284:Marine Turtles 5262: 5240: 5214:(5): 369–379. 5194: 5155: 5124: 5109: 5089: 5074: 5055:(3): 315–323. 5035: 5010: 4985: 4976: 4913: 4900: 4864: 4853:on 29 May 2013 4838: 4825: 4806:(6): 908–916. 4783: 4749: 4726: 4689: 4677:The Advertiser 4663: 4640: 4631: 4604:(3): 211–216. 4588: 4569:(3): 154–158. 4553: 4541: 4504:(2): 287–289. 4488: 4469:(1): 123–126. 4449: 4436:"Leatherback ( 4424: 4407:Marine Turtles 4389: 4374:Farmer, Adam. 4363: 4332: 4312: 4286: 4275:(2): 221–226. 4255: 4229: 4212:Heng, Natalie 4205: 4176: 4150: 4120: 4090: 4061: 4034: 3975: 3961: 3950:on 13 May 2011 3912: 3895:Marine Turtles 3875: 3832: 3817: 3794: 3776:(2): 197–210. 3749: 3738:. 31 July 2008 3723: 3676: 3621: 3577: 3550: 3507: 3460: 3405: 3347: 3296: 3277:(3): 399–403. 3257: 3222: 3203:(3): 653–664. 3183: 3160: 3137: 3083: 3070: 3024: 2993: 2986: 2964: 2947:: Information" 2933: 2890: 2847: 2816: 2794: 2768: 2737: 2708: 2679: 2650: 2625: 2596: 2567: 2538: 2512: 2481: 2460:Marine Turtles 2442: 2401: 2360: 2347:978-0965354097 2346: 2306: 2281: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2212: 2193:Espírito Santo 2134:Nature Seekers 2087: 2084: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2052:Atlantic Ocean 2048: 2045:Data Deficient 2037: 1992: 1989: 1896: 1893: 1834: 1831: 1813: 1810: 1773: 1770: 1759: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1682: 1679: 1657: 1654: 1614:requiem sharks 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1482: 1381: 1378: 1337: 1334: 1321: 1318: 1305: 1302: 1285: 1282: 1267:Columbia River 1242: 1239: 1227:Mayumba, Gabon 1167: 1164: 1105: 1102: 1092:fastest-moving 1034: 1031: 1013: 1010: 952:countershading 903: 900: 879: 876: 856:D. c. coriacea 796:Dermochelyidae 780: 777: 775: 772: 752:Dermochelyidae 728:or simply the 706: 705: 703: 702: 690: 682: 670: 662: 654: 646: 638: 626: 618: 610: 602: 594: 592:Philippi, 1899 586: 584:Oliveira, 1896 578: 566: 558: 550: 542: 534: 526: 514: 506: 498: 490: 476: 468: 460: 452: 444: 436: 428: 420: 412: 407:Testudo marina 404: 402:Lacépède, 1788 396: 388: 374: 362: 361: 360: 357: 356: 350: 349: 341: 340: 333: 322: 321: 315: 314: 307: 305: 301: 300: 286: 282: 281: 279:Dermochelyinae 276: 272: 271: 269:Dermochelyidae 266: 262: 261: 256: 252: 251: 246: 242: 241: 236: 232: 231: 226: 222: 221: 216: 212: 211: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 178: 177: 164: 161: 160: 142: 139: 138: 133: 130: 129: 119: 118: 110: 109: 101: 100: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9683: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9429: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9359: 9355: 9350: 9344: 9340: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9331: 9323: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9213: 9209: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9008: 9004: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8934: 8930: 8925: 8919: 8915: 8910: 8904: 8900: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8882: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8861: 8860: 8855: 8854: 8851: 8837: 8836: 8835:Tacuarembemys 8831: 8829: 8828: 8823: 8821: 8820: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8805: 8801: 8798: 8794: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8772: 8771: 8770:Sahonachelys 8766: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8733:Peltocephalus 8730: 8728: 8727: 8722: 8720: 8719: 8718:Lapparentemys 8714: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8705: 8704: 8699: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8689: 8688: 8683: 8681: 8680: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8665: 8664: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8618:Pelomedusidae 8615: 8609: 8608: 8607:Yaminuechelys 8603: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8587: 8586: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8578:Prochelidella 8574: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8565: 8564: 8560: 8558: 8557: 8553: 8551: 8550: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8510: 8508: 8507: 8503: 8501: 8500: 8496: 8494: 8493: 8492:Acanthochelys 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8480: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8466: 8465: 8460: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8442: 8441: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8428: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8410: 8409: 8404: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8394: 8393: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8376:Kinkonychelys 8372: 8370: 8369: 8364: 8362: 8361: 8360:Itapecuruemys 8356: 8354: 8353: 8348: 8346: 8345: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8320:Eotaphrosphys 8316: 8314: 8313: 8308: 8306: 8305: 8300: 8298: 8297: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8266: 8265: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8254:Bothremydidae 8250: 8244: 8243: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8228: 8225: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8164:Argillochelys 8160: 8158: 8157: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8133: 8131: 8130: 8129:Santanachelys 8125: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8073:Desmatochelys 8069: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8059: 8058: 8057:Calcarichelys 8053: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8041:Atlantochelys 8037: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8015:Protostegidae 8011: 8005: 8004: 8003:Jiangxichelys 7999: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7989: 7988: 7987:Anomalochelys 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7965:Protochelydra 7961: 7959: 7958: 7957:Planiplastron 7953: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7922: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7912: 7911: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7891: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7873: 7872: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7849: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7820: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7764:Drazinderetes 7760: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7739: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7700:Carettochelys 7697: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7652: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7593: 7592: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7584:Malacochersus 7581: 7579: 7578: 7574: 7572: 7571: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7558: 7557: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7520: 7519: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7475:Aldabrachelys 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7396: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7387: 7386: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7357:Leucocephalon 7354: 7352: 7351: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7312: 7310: 7309: 7308:Banhxeochelys 7304: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7169:Testudinoidea 7166: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7116:Kinosternidae 7113: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7064:Protosphargis 7060: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820:(Sea turtles) 6818: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6789: 6788: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6749: 6745: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6722: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6696: 6691: 6689: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6669: 6663: 6657: 6653: 6651: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6601: 6595: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6581: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6541: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6527: 6521: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6487: 6467: 6466: 6459: 6456: 6452: 6446: 6442: 6440: 6437:Superfamily: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6391: 6384: 6379: 6377: 6372: 6370: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6323: 6322: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6246: 6240: 6224: 6218: 6202: 6198: 6191: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6124: 6117: 6101: 6095: 6079: 6075: 6073: 6065: 6049: 6045: 6039: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6008: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5971: 5962: 5946: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5925: 5916: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5879: 5870: 5854: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5833: 5824: 5808: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5787: 5778: 5762: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5732: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5695: 5686: 5671: 5667: 5666:"Leatherback" 5661: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5533: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5499: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5471: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5426:. 8 May 2021. 5425: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5375: 5368: 5360: 5354: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5312: 5305: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5250: 5244: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5049:Herpetologica 5046: 5039: 5024: 5020: 5014: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4904: 4896: 4890: 4882: 4875: 4868: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4835: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4787: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4753: 4737: 4730: 4722: 4716: 4700: 4693: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4651: 4644: 4635: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4429: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4377: 4370: 4368: 4352: 4345: 4339: 4337: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4259: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4209: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4181: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4138: 4137:Headline News 4134: 4127: 4125: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3979: 3971: 3965: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3836: 3828: 3821: 3805: 3798: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3760: 3753: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3573: 3569: 3566:(1–2): 8–24. 3565: 3561: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3180:(2): 244–249. 3179: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3088: 3080: 3074: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2998: 2989: 2983: 2978: 2977: 2968: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877:10.1038/33669 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2812: 2805: 2798: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2741: 2726: 2722: 2720: 2712: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2683: 2668: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2600: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2571: 2556: 2552: 2550: 2542: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2500: 2498: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2390:on 1 May 2011 2386: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2320: 2313: 2311: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2230: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2184:projeto TAMAR 2180: 2175: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2083: 2081: 2076: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2030:subpopulation 2028: 2027:Pacific Ocean 2024: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1998:is listed on 1997: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1961:malabsorption 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1790:organogenesis 1786: 1782: 1778: 1767: 1765: 1744: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1692: 1687: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670:Fertilization 1666: 1662: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618:killer whales 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1537:Staphylinidae 1534: 1530: 1529:Tenebrionidae 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1470:marine debris 1466: 1464: 1463: 1462:Remora remora 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402:siphonophores 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1363:beaked whales 1360: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1331: 1326: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1281: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207:French Guiana 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1146:Arctic Circle 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1057:metabolically 1054: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 992: 987: 983: 979: 978:French Guiana 975: 971: 963: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 930:. Instead of 929: 924: 921: 917: 908: 899: 897: 896:Protostegidae 893: 889: 885: 875: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 844:Samuel Garman 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 771: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 748: 744:in the genus 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718: 713: 699: 694: 691: 686: 683: 679: 674: 671: 666: 663: 660:Bourret, 1941 658: 655: 652:Bourret, 1941 650: 647: 644:Bourret, 1941 642: 639: 635: 630: 627: 622: 619: 614: 611: 608:Quijada, 1916 606: 603: 598: 595: 590: 587: 582: 579: 574: 570: 567: 562: 559: 554: 551: 546: 543: 540:Ranzano, 1834 538: 535: 530: 527: 523: 518: 515: 510: 507: 502: 499: 494: 491: 487: 486: 480: 477: 472: 469: 466:Fleming, 1822 464: 461: 456: 453: 448: 445: 440: 437: 432: 429: 424: 421: 418:Pennant, 1801 416: 413: 410:Wilhelm, 1794 408: 405: 400: 397: 394:Catesby, 1771 392: 389: 385: 384: 378: 375: 370: 367: 366: 358: 355: 351: 347: 342: 337: 331: 329: 323: 320: 319:Binomial name 316: 312: 311: 306: 303: 302: 297: 292: 291: 287: 284: 283: 280: 277: 274: 273: 270: 267: 264: 263: 260: 257: 255:Superfamily: 254: 253: 250: 247: 244: 243: 240: 237: 234: 233: 230: 227: 224: 223: 220: 217: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 203: 200: 197: 194: 193: 188: 183: 179: 173: 167: 162: 156: 151: 140: 136: 131: 128: 124: 120: 116: 111: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 42: 36: 33:0.012–0 30: 22: 19: 9333: 8893: 8858: 8833: 8825: 8817: 8776: 8768: 8746: 8738: 8731: 8724: 8716: 8710:Erymnochelys 8708: 8701: 8695:Cerrejonemys 8693: 8685: 8677: 8671:Brontochelys 8669: 8661: 8653: 8632: 8625: 8605: 8597: 8590: 8585:Pseudemydura 8583: 8576: 8568: 8561: 8554: 8547: 8540: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8470: 8462: 8454: 8446: 8438: 8430: 8422: 8414: 8406: 8398: 8390: 8382: 8374: 8366: 8358: 8350: 8342: 8334: 8326: 8318: 8310: 8302: 8294: 8286: 8278: 8270: 8262: 8240: 8194: 8188:Prionochelys 8186: 8178: 8170: 8162: 8154: 8135: 8127: 8119: 8111: 8103: 8095: 8087: 8079: 8071: 8065:Cratochelone 8063: 8055: 8049:Bouliachelys 8047: 8039: 8031: 8025:Alienochelys 8023: 8001: 7993: 7985: 7963: 7955: 7947: 7940: 7932: 7926:Chelydropsis 7924: 7916: 7908: 7877: 7871:Basilochelys 7869: 7850: 7843: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7814: 7807: 7800: 7795:Khunnuchelys 7793: 7785: 7777: 7769: 7762: 7754: 7747: 7740: 7733: 7725: 7718: 7711:Trionychidae 7698: 7691: 7685:Allaeochelys 7683: 7649: 7642: 7636:Stigmochelys 7634: 7627: 7619: 7612: 7605: 7599:Megalochelys 7597: 7589: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7561: 7554: 7546: 7538: 7531: 7524: 7516: 7510:Cylindraspis 7508: 7501: 7494: 7489:Centrochelys 7487: 7480: 7473: 7466:Testudinidae 7455:Platysternon 7453: 7434:Vijayachelys 7432: 7425: 7418: 7413:Rhinoclemmys 7411: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7383: 7378:Melanochelys 7376: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7320: 7313: 7306: 7298: 7278: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7188:Acherontemys 7186: 7154:Sternotherus 7152: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7123: 7103: 7070: 7062: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7021:Psephophorus 7019: 7011: 7003: 6996: 6995: 6988: 6980: 6972: 6951: 6943: 6937:Pacifichelys 6935: 6927: 6920: 6912: 6906:Lepidochelys 6904: 6897: 6889: 6883:Gigantatypus 6881: 6875:Eretmochelys 6873: 6866: 6858: 6851: 6843: 6836: 6817:Chelonioidea 6785: 6737: 6670:. †=Extinct. 6605:Psephophorus 6555: 6463: 6439:Chelonioidea 6330: 6326: 6305:. Retrieved 6300: 6291: 6279:. Retrieved 6275:the original 6270: 6261: 6249:. Retrieved 6239: 6227:. Retrieved 6217: 6207:13 September 6205:. Retrieved 6200: 6190: 6178:. Retrieved 6173: 6164: 6152:. Retrieved 6148: 6139: 6129:13 September 6127:. Retrieved 6116: 6104:. Retrieved 6094: 6084:17 September 6082:. Retrieved 6078:the original 6071: 6064: 6054:13 September 6052:. Retrieved 6048:the original 6038: 6028:14 September 6026:. Retrieved 6021: 6017: 6007: 5995:. Retrieved 5981: 5975: 5969: 5961: 5949:. Retrieved 5935: 5929: 5923: 5915: 5903:. Retrieved 5889: 5883: 5877: 5869: 5857:. Retrieved 5843: 5837: 5831: 5823: 5811:. Retrieved 5797: 5791: 5785: 5777: 5765:. Retrieved 5751: 5745: 5739: 5731: 5719:. Retrieved 5705: 5699: 5693: 5685: 5673:. Retrieved 5669: 5660: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5520:. Retrieved 5515: 5506: 5487: 5484:Safina, Carl 5478: 5469: 5463: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5421: 5412: 5400:. Retrieved 5396:the original 5391: 5382: 5373: 5367: 5353: 5341:. 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