1573:
854:
870:
3287:
1161:
1601:
1531:
1515:
1559:
1545:
1645:
1587:
2853:
1811:
683:
1445:
1487:
3750:
1459:
109:
38:
1501:
1659:
1631:
1617:
1473:
909:, pointed out that genetic variation preceded religious variation and divisions: "Lebanon already had well-differentiated communities with their own genetic peculiarities, but not significant differences, and religions came as layers of paint on top. There is no distinct pattern that shows that one community carries significantly more
1089:
in 680-681. Contemporary Greek, Latin and Arab sources indicate that the
Maronites accepted monothelitism, rejected the sixth council, and continued to maintain a belief in the largely discredited monothelite doctrine for centuries, only moving away from monothelitism in the time of the crusades in
1105:
and a united front was necessary to keep out
Islamic infiltration, the Maronites were focused on a struggle to retain their independence against imperial power. This situation was mirrored in other Christian communities in the Byzantine Empire and helped facilitate the Muslim conquest of most of
1090:
order to avoid being branded heretics by the crusaders. The modern
Maronite Church, however, rejects the assertion that the Maronites were ever monothelites separated from the rest of the universal Church. The question remains a cause of significant offence to this day.
896:
The cultural and linguistic heritage of the
Lebanese people is a blend of both indigenous Phoenician elements and the foreign cultures that have come to rule the land and its people over the course of thousands of years. In a 2013 interview the lead investigator of the
1324:'s population, according to estimates. The Maronite Church's website claims 1,062,000 members were in Lebanon in 1994 which would have made them around 31% of Lebanon's population. Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group, followed by Greek Orthodox.
1042:
The martyrdom of the
Patriarch of Antioch in the first decade of the seventh century, either at the hands of Persian soldiers or local Jews, left the Maronites without a leader, a situation which continued because of the final and most devastating
2309:.. Europeans who visited the area during this period related that the Druze "love the Christians more than the other believers," and that they "hate the Turks, the Muslims and the Arabs with an intense hatred.
1078:(625–638) of Rome naively called for an end to dispute and interpreted Sergius' view as true since Christ exhibited only one will insofar as His sinless human will never disagreed with His divine will.
1031:
of
Antioch slew 350 monks, the Maronites sought refuge in the mountains of Lebanon. Correspondence concerning the event brought the Maronites papal and orthodox recognition, which was solidified by
3569:
3418:
1020:. Many of his followers also lived a monastic lifestyle. Following the death of Maron in 410, his disciples built a monastery in his memory and formed the nucleus of the Maronite Church.
3368:
1097:
agreed to evacuate many thousand
Maronites from Lebanon and settle them elsewhere. The chaos and utter depression which followed led the Maronites to elect their first Patriarch,
3433:
3408:
837:
Lebanon's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation's religious groups. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the
3428:
3472:
3398:
3363:
1310:
Note that the following percentages are estimates only. However, in a country that had last census in 1932, it is difficult to have correct population estimates.
3734:
1101:, that year. This, however, was seen as a usurpation by the then undivided Orthodox Catholic church. Thus, at a time when Islam was rising on the borders of the
1943:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 205–206.
3477:
3413:
3403:
3631:
3423:
3323:
3467:
3393:
3373:
2841:
791:
528:
1133:. The Maronite Catholics and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early Eighteenth Century, through a governing and social system known as the "
1051:
propagated a new
Christological doctrine in an attempt to unify the various Christian churches of the east, who were divided over accepting the
3538:
3507:
3492:
2805:
3286:
2819:
2396:
3388:
390:
3512:
3482:
3452:
2477:
3348:
3308:
3253:
3227:
2019:
1044:
711:
3313:
924:
to Mount
Lebanon. Historically, Lebanese Maronites resided in remote mountain villages and were led by influential noble families.
3383:
3353:
3303:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2968:
3487:
3261:
1068:
555:
1129:, with amicable relations between the two groups prevailing throughout history, with the exception of some periods, including
3502:
3318:
2834:
2461:
2249:
2111:
2003:
1948:
523:
437:
251:
3595:
3543:
3358:
3328:
2023:
644:
3533:
3462:
3343:
3333:
2896:
2481:
2954:
2949:
2587:
3378:
3338:
2932:
2646:
Political awareness of the Shi'ites in
Lebanon: the role of Sayyid 'Abd al-Husain Sharaf al-Din and Sayyid Musa al-Sadr
1870:
639:
182:
3457:
2674:
2543:
2431:
2406:
2372:
2302:
2274:
2058:
1973:
811:
2793:
3517:
3497:
3014:
2901:
2827:
2990:
2777:
1572:
400:
368:
363:
3682:
3044:
3708:
3039:
2963:
2849:
2631:
2364:
1865:
1059:, was meant as a compromise between supporters of Chalcedon, such as the Maronites, and opponents, such as the
916:
The Maronite population in Lebanon has a rich history. Its foundation can be traced back to early followers of
353:
348:
308:
192:
2078:
3780:
3220:
2939:
842:
704:
634:
818:, the Maronites gained substantial influence. Post-independence, they dominated Lebanese politics until the
1130:
853:
508:
3528:
1195:(the latter claim being found in contemporary sources). The Maronite Patriarch is traditionally seated in
3775:
3600:
2925:
2911:
1908:
Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (19 September 2008).
1860:
1711:
1314:
1138:
1071:
898:
795:
533:
187:
2696:
2666:
Between the Ottomans and the Entente: The First World War in the Syrian and Lebanese Diaspora, 1908-1925
2886:
1840:
869:
604:
498:
358:
328:
241:
2944:
1208:
1173:
1035:(514–523) on February 10, 518. A monastery was built around the shrine of St. Maro (Marun) after the
740:
385:
261:
256:
246:
216:
2761:
3626:
3580:
3213:
3139:
3084:
2891:
2786:
2690:
1086:
826:
weakened Maronite influence, it endures alongside other dominant Lebanese communities, such as the
697:
395:
380:
266:
221:
92:
3616:
3276:
3195:
3189:
3134:
2878:
2857:
2754:
1835:
1536:
963:
940:
760:
664:
442:
405:
293:
172:
2613:
2539:
1160:
3754:
3621:
3159:
2916:
2770:
1880:
1134:
1060:
936:
885:
831:
787:
160:
3295:
1993:
1183:
since 1180, although the official view of the Church is that it had never accepted either the
3129:
3124:
3074:
1875:
1795:
827:
454:
155:
2485:
1909:
1313:
The last Census in Lebanon in 1932 put the numbers of Maronites at 60%. A study done by the
3729:
3585:
3564:
3079:
3069:
3064:
2726:
2565:
2345:
the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains in the past lived in complete harmony..
1682:
1188:
1052:
1036:
1024:
654:
288:
2027:
8:
3554:
3154:
3144:
3109:
3099:
2869:
1907:
1830:
1723:
1176:
1001:
978:
951:
902:
629:
540:
430:
333:
318:
313:
303:
298:
144:
2652:(Doctoral). Durham: Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham.
3692:
3687:
3657:
3164:
3094:
2220:
2212:
2165:
1850:
1827:(born 1938), Arab-Israeli Maronite Olympic weightlifter for Israel, of Lebanese descent
1450:
819:
550:
503:
343:
283:
278:
2327:..the Druzes and Christians lived together in the most perfect harmony and good-will..
3672:
3590:
3559:
3104:
3089:
2670:
2457:
2427:
2402:
2368:
2298:
2270:
2245:
2224:
2204:
2157:
2107:
2054:
1999:
1969:
1944:
1728:
1717:
1464:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1013:
877:
861:, the most important Maronite saint; and a billboard on a side of a building showing
518:
466:
338:
323:
228:
2267:
The Druze Community and the Lebanese State: Between Confrontation and Reconciliation
1600:
1207:
Lebanese Maronite Christians are concentrated in the north Beirut, northern part of
3677:
3662:
3245:
3169:
3119:
2982:
2196:
2149:
1578:
1126:
1102:
948:
873:
858:
857:
Two important Maronite Christian symbols on Sassine Square, Achrafieh: A statue of
786:
in the early eighteenth century through the ruling and social system known as the "
611:
480:
473:
461:
423:
150:
63:
58:
2358:
3236:
3181:
3114:
2797:
2781:
2765:
2710:
2664:
2451:
2438:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
2239:
2101:
2065:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
1980:
the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.
1845:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1706:
1688:
1550:
1530:
1506:
1478:
1155:
1075:
990:
807:
802:
dominated by Maronites and protected by European powers. In the aftermath of the
752:
748:
732:
669:
599:
585:
545:
140:
100:
79:
54:
1769:
771:. They are believed to constitute about 30% of the total population of Lebanon.
3198:, the Druze community is designated as a part of the Lebanese Muslim community.
3019:
1885:
1816:
1752:
1740:
1564:
1520:
1514:
1169:
1032:
986:
906:
881:
862:
823:
799:
687:
560:
165:
123:
3769:
2790:
2208:
2161:
1855:
1764:
1746:
1700:
1492:
1192:
1184:
1082:
1056:
1005:
974:
969:
The Maronite Christianity derived its name and religious identity from Saint
838:
764:
659:
649:
2712:
Introduction à l'histoire urbaine de la Syrie ottomane (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)
1824:
1786:
1734:
1664:
1650:
1606:
1592:
1094:
1064:
1028:
955:
928:
815:
763:
in the country. The Lebanese Maronite population is concentrated mainly in
449:
75:
1558:
1329:
Percentage growth of the Lebanese Maronite Christians (other sources est.)
3570:
Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon (North Jackson, Ohio)
3185:
1758:
1694:
1678:
1544:
1107:
1098:
944:
803:
3652:
3148:
2809:
2216:
2184:
2169:
2137:
1644:
1636:
1118:
2810:
Official website of the Congregation of Maronite Lebanese Missionaries
2774:
2424:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
2051:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
1966:
Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon
1586:
2727:"Archbishop Christophe Zakhia El-Kassis [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1486:
1444:
1317:(CIA) in 1985 put the numbers of Maronites at 46% of the population.
1048:
1017:
959:
910:
775:
726:
513:
3266:
2512:
2200:
2153:
1458:
841:
between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the
3749:
2814:
2360:
An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860
1622:
1187:
views held by their Syriac neighbours, which were condemned in the
1180:
1081:
Instead, the Patriarch of Constantinople's doctrine and subsequent
3205:
1500:
108:
37:
2861:
2852:
2644:
1998:. Facts On File, Incorporated: Infobase Publishing. p. 447.
1321:
1168:
The Maronites belong to the Maronite Syriac Church of Antioch in
1122:
1009:
982:
932:
921:
889:
783:
756:
117:
2020:"Programme on Governance in the Arab Region: Elections: Lebanon"
943:
in AD 70. According to Catholic tradition, the first Bishop was
931:
first became known as "Christians" in the ancient Greek city of
3667:
3271:
1658:
1196:
981:) from their previous location of residence around the area of
810:
carved out from Mount Lebanon and neighboring areas. Under the
768:
580:
113:
2513:"Contemporary distribution of Lebanon's main religious groups"
2507:
2505:
2503:
16:
Religious group in Lebanon associated with the Catholic Church
3647:
3188:, comprising 18 recognized religious sects recognized by the
2281:
the Druze had been able to live in harmony with the Christian
1630:
1114:
970:
917:
779:
1085:
caused greater controversy and was declared a heresy at the
935:(Acts 11:26), and the city became a center for Christianity
2625:
2500:
1616:
997:
2540:"2012 Report on International Religious Freedom – Lebanon"
1472:
3473:
Our Lady of Mt. Lebanon-St. Peter Cathedral (Los Angeles)
2791:
Official Website of the Mariamite Maronite Order (O.M.M.)
2758:
1995:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
1202:
1714:, Maronite archbishop and Vatican Ambassador to Pakistan
1434:
3735:
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Notre Dame des Secours
3419:
Eparchy of Our Lady of the Martyrs of Lebanon in Mexico
3184:
has the most religious diversity of all peoples in the
2615:
La protection sanitaire et sociale au Liban (1860-1963)
42:
Distribution of Maronite Catholic Christians in Lebanon
2398:
The Lebanese war: its origins and political dimensions
2343:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 53.
1939:
Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad (2021).
1164:
Maronite division among main Syriac Christian groups.
947:
before his travels to Rome. The third Bishop was the
2126:
Attwater, Donald; The Christian Churches of the East
1938:
1806:
865:, the Maronite militia leader during the Civil War.
3632:Congregation of the Lebanese Maronite Missionaries
3058:Ethnic minorities, refugees and foreign nationals
2558:
3767:
3369:Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Palestine
2759:Official website of the Lebanese Maronite Order
2244:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 195–216.
1985:
3493:Our Lady of the Annunciation Cathedral, Ibadan
2775:Official website of the Lebanese Antonin Order
2103:Syria & Lebanon handbook: the travel guide
1023:The Maronites held fast to the beliefs of the
3409:Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Los Angeles
3221:
2835:
2692:Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon
2534:
2532:
2530:
2106:. Footprint Travel Guides. pp. 652–563.
705:
2566:"There are 3,198,600 Maronites in the World"
1991:
1179:Church that had affirmed its communion with
806:, the Maronites successfully campaigned for
27:
3434:Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of São Paulo
2877:
2662:
2621:(Thesis). Université Nice Sophia Antipolis.
2356:
1326:
1047:. In the aftermath of the war, the Emperor
996:More specifically, Maron, a fourth-century
989:, Turkey), establishing the nucleus of the
3228:
3214:
2842:
2828:
2708:
2527:
2297:. Bar-Ilan University Press. p. 166.
985:(an ancient Greek city within present day
954:. Antioch became one of the five original
712:
698:
36:
2320:
1903:
1901:
822:, which ended their supremacy. While the
3513:Our Lady of Lebanon Cathedral, São Paulo
3483:Our Lady of Lebanon Procathedral, Bogotá
3468:Our Lady of Lebanon Cathedral (Brooklyn)
3429:Eparchy of Saint Charbel in Buenos Aires
2642:
2636:
2449:
2325:. Montserrat Abbey Library. p. 25.
2182:
2099:
1159:
973:whose followers migrated to the area of
868:
852:
3399:Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris
2568:. Maronite-heritage.com. 3 January 1994
2456:. Gorgias Press LLC. pp. 209–210.
2093:
1191:, or the failed compromise doctrine of
3768:
3364:Archeparchy of Haifa and the Holy Land
3262:List of Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch
2683:
2350:
2264:
2135:
2079:"A geneticist with a unifying message"
2076:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1898:
1320:In 2012, Maronites constituted 31% of
1203:Geographic distribution within Lebanon
3508:Our Lady of Lebanon Cathedral (Paris)
3503:Our Lady of Grace Cathedral (Nicosia)
3209:
2823:
2611:
2605:
2443:
2394:
2338:
2292:
2237:
1435:Lebanese Maronite–born notable people
211:Native communities outside of Lebanon
3596:Monastery of the Holy Saviour, Kreim
3534:Church of the Annunciation, Nazareth
2421:
2048:
2024:United Nations Development Programme
1963:
744:
645:List of political parties in Lebanon
3488:St. Maron's Cathedral, Buenos Aires
3463:St. Louis the King Cathedral, Haifa
3389:Eparchy of the Annunciation, Ibadan
3235:
2482:Minority Rights Group International
2185:"William of Tyre and the Maronites"
1927:
1000:and the contemporary and friend of
888:set the foundation for what is now
736:
28:
13:
3414:Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn
3404:Eparchy of Saint Maron of Montreal
2806:Kreimists or Lebanese missionaries
1871:Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians
1783:, President of Lebanon (2008–2014)
1772:, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
1761:, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
1749:, President of Lebanon (1982–1988)
1737:, President of Lebanon (1976–1982)
1731:, President of Lebanon (1970–1976)
1720:, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
1703:, President of Lebanon (1964–1970)
1697:, President of Lebanon (1958–1964)
1691:, President of Lebanon (1952–1958)
1012:life, following the traditions of
920:, who migrated from the region of
798:, an autonomous entity within the
14:
3792:
3478:St. Raymond Cathedral (St. Louis)
3458:Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo
2748:
2592:United States Department of State
2544:United States Department of State
1045:Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628
3748:
3498:Valvanera Cathedral, Mexico City
3424:Eparchy of Saint Maron of Sydney
3324:Eparchy of Baalbek-Deir El Ahmar
3285:
2851:
1941:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon
1851:East Beirut canton (Marounistan)
1809:
1755:, Founder of the Lebanese Kataeb
1657:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1599:
1585:
1571:
1557:
1543:
1529:
1513:
1499:
1485:
1471:
1457:
1443:
1063:. To win back the Monophysites,
884:: In the early 18th century the
681:
107:
3394:Apostolic Exarchate of Colombia
3374:Patriarchal Exarchate of Jordan
2719:
2702:
2656:
2580:
2470:
2415:
2388:
2332:
2314:
2286:
2258:
2231:
2176:
2129:
2077:Maroon, Habib (31 March 2013).
1226:
3709:Three Sundays of Commemoration
2365:University of California Press
2120:
2070:
2042:
2012:
1957:
1866:Lebanese Protestant Christians
1:
3518:St. Maron's Cathedral, Sydney
2643:Gharbieh, Hussein M. (1996).
2632:"Lebanon: people and society"
2515:. Central Intelligence Agency
2295:Confrontation and Coexistence
1891:
1113:The relationship between the
29:المسيحيين الموارنة اللبنانيين
3725:Lebanese Maronite Christians
3683:Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès
3544:St. Sharbel Church, Portland
2709:Abdel-Nour, Antoine (1982).
2323:The Druzes and the Maronites
2183:Crawford, Robert W. (1955).
1131:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
794:led to the establishment of
792:1860 Druze–Maronite conflict
509:Timeline of Lebanese history
25:Lebanese Maronite Christians
7:
3601:Maronite Convent, Jerusalem
3453:St George Cathedral, Beirut
2926:Assyrian Church of the East
2669:. Oxford University Press.
2663:Fahrenthold, Stacy (2019).
2341:Near East/South Asia Report
2142:The Jewish Quarterly Review
2138:"Who Killed Anastasius II?"
1861:Lebanese Melkite Christians
1802:
1743:, President of Lebanon 1982
1712:Christophe Zakhia El-Kassis
1315:Central Intelligence Agency
1149:
1139:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
1110:by the end of the century.
1072:Sergius I of Constantinople
899:National Geographic Society
814:, and until the end of the
796:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
737:المسيحية المارونية في لبنان
534:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
10:
3797:
3755:Catholic Church portal
2731:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
1992:Jamie Stokes, ed. (2009).
1841:Catholic Church in Lebanon
1341:Total Lebanese Population
1153:
1144:
1121:has been characterized by
848:
605:French language in Lebanon
499:History of ancient Lebanon
3743:
3717:
3701:
3640:
3609:
3529:Church of Saidet et Tallé
3442:
3294:
3283:
3252:
3243:
3178:
3057:
3032:
2981:
2868:
2269:. Routledge. p. 32.
1301:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1209:Mount Lebanon Governorate
966:recognized Christianity.
74:
69:
52:
47:
35:
3627:Mariamite Maronite Order
3581:Monastery of Saint Maron
3539:St. Ann's Church, Albany
2764:20 November 2008 at the
2453:The Maronites in History
2401:. C. Hurst. p. 10.
2241:The Maronites in History
1087:Sixth Ecumenical Council
941:destruction of Jerusalem
843:president of the country
3617:Lebanese Maronite Order
3349:Archeparchy of Damascus
3309:Archeparchy of Antelias
3277:Bechara Boutros al-Rahi
3196:Constitution of Lebanon
3194:Under the terms of the
3190:Constitution of Lebanon
2780:26 January 2013 at the
2715:. Université Libanaise.
2612:Yahya, Houssam (2015).
2100:Mannheim, Ivan (2001).
1836:Christianity in Lebanon
1537:Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir
1067:was first advocated by
1004:, left Antioch for the
886:Maronites and the Druze
751:who are members of the
665:Coat of arms of Lebanon
438:Cultural Heritage sites
3693:Bl. Elias Peter Hoayek
3688:Bl. Istifan al-Duwayhi
3622:Antonin Maronite Order
3314:Archeparchy of Tripoli
2697:Heinrich Böll Stiftung
2484:. 2005. Archived from
2395:Vocke, Harald (1978).
2293:Artzi, Pinḥas (1984).
2265:Hazran, Yusri (2013).
2136:Frendo, J. D. (1982).
1881:Lebanese Sunni Muslims
1165:
1135:Maronite-Druze dualism
893:
866:
788:Maronite–Druze dualism
761:Christian denomination
556:South Lebanon conflict
3384:Archeparchy of Cyprus
3354:Archeparchy of Aleppo
3304:Archeparchy of Beirut
2422:Deeb, Marius (2013).
2238:Moosa, Matti (1986).
2049:Deeb, Marius (2013).
1964:Deeb, Marius (2013).
1876:Lebanese Shia Muslims
1796:Joseph Aoun (general)
1163:
939:especially after the
872:
856:
745:ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ
3781:Maronites by country
3730:Cross of All Nations
3610:Religious institutes
3586:Monastery of Qozhaya
3565:Our Lady of Bechouat
2815:The Syriac Maronites
2796:13 June 2021 at the
2357:Fawaz, L.T. (1994).
1798:, Lebanese Commander
1683:President of Lebanon
1338:Maronite Population
1189:Council of Chalcedon
1093:In 687, the Emperor
1053:Council of Chalcedon
1037:Council of Chalcedon
1025:Council of Chalcedon
845:must be a Maronite.
655:Lebanese nationalism
391:United Arab Emirates
3555:Our Lady of Lebanon
3319:Archeparchy of Tyre
2945:Armenian Apostolics
1914:2001-2009.state.gov
1831:Religion in Lebanon
1789:, President of the
1724:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
1331:
1211:, southern part of
1199:, north of Beirut.
1002:St. John Chrysostom
979:Republic of Lebanon
952:Ignatius of Antioch
903:Genographic Project
820:1975–1990 civil war
541:1958 Lebanon crisis
173:Lebanese Christians
32:
3776:Lebanese Maronites
3658:Abraham of Cyrrhus
3359:Eparchy of Latakia
3329:Eparchy of Batroun
2907:Maronite Catholics
2897:Chaldean Catholics
2892:Armenian Catholics
2689:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
2488:on 16 January 2015
2321:CHURCHILL (1862).
1451:Elias Peter Hoayek
1327:
1236:Lebanese Maronites
1166:
1016:of the Desert and
894:
867:
776:Maronite Catholics
688:Lebanon portal
551:Lebanese Civil War
504:History of Lebanon
24:
3763:
3762:
3673:Nimatullah Kassab
3591:Mar Sarkis, Ehden
3560:Our Lady of Bekaa
3344:Eparchy of Zahleh
3334:Eparchy of Byblos
3203:
3202:
3053:
3052:
3028:
3027:
2977:
2976:
2940:Oriental Orthodox
2912:Melkite Catholics
2463:978-1-59333-182-5
2450:Moosa, M (2005).
2251:978-0-8156-2365-6
2113:978-1-900949-90-3
2005:978-1-4381-2676-0
1950:978-1-5381-2043-9
1729:Suleiman Frangieh
1718:Bechara El Khoury
1675:
1674:
1465:Youssef Bey Karam
1432:
1431:
1306:
1305:
1221:South Governorate
1217:Beqaa Governorate
1213:North Governorate
1055:. This doctrine,
1027:in 451. When the
1014:Anthony the Great
927:The followers of
722:
721:
630:Lebanese politics
519:County of Tripoli
229:Lebanese diaspora
127:
86:
85:
80:Maronite Catholic
3788:
3753:
3752:
3678:Charbel Makhlouf
3663:Domnina of Syria
3379:Eparchy of Cairo
3339:Eparchy of Sidon
3289:
3246:West Syriac Rite
3230:
3223:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3030:
3029:
2979:
2978:
2917:Syriac Catholics
2875:
2874:
2856:
2855:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2802:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2536:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2426:. Hoover Press.
2419:
2413:
2412:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2053:. Hoover Press.
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2026:. Archived from
2016:
2010:
2009:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1968:. Hoover Press.
1961:
1955:
1954:
1936:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1661:
1647:
1633:
1619:
1603:
1589:
1579:Brigitte Gabriel
1575:
1561:
1547:
1533:
1517:
1503:
1489:
1475:
1461:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1332:
1233:
1232:
1174:Eastern Catholic
1172:, Turkey) is an
1103:Byzantine Empire
949:Apostolic Father
874:Christian Church
816:Second World War
746:
741:Classical Syriac
738:
714:
707:
700:
686:
685:
684:
596:
424:Lebanese culture
151:Lebanese Muslims
121:
111:
88:
87:
64:Classical Syriac
59:Lebanese Aramaic
40:
33:
31:
30:
23:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3747:
3739:
3713:
3697:
3636:
3605:
3572:
3546:
3520:
3438:
3290:
3281:
3248:
3239:
3237:Maronite Church
3234:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3182:Lebanese people
3174:
3049:
3024:
3006:Ismaili Shiites
3001:Alawite Shiites
2996:Shiite Twelvers
2973:
2955:Syriac Orthodox
2950:Coptic Orthodox
2902:Latin Catholics
2864:
2850:
2848:
2800:
2798:Wayback Machine
2782:Wayback Machine
2766:Wayback Machine
2751:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2707:
2703:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2355:
2351:
2337:
2333:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2236:
2232:
2201:10.2307/2848470
2181:
2177:
2154:10.2307/1454219
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2030:on 18 July 2011
2018:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1937:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1846:Maronite Church
1815:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1791:Lebanese Forces
1781:Michel Suleiman
1776:Alfred Naqqache
1689:Camille Chamoun
1667:
1662:
1653:
1648:
1639:
1634:
1625:
1620:
1609:
1604:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1539:
1534:
1523:
1518:
1509:
1507:Camille Chamoun
1504:
1495:
1490:
1481:
1479:Charbel Makhluf
1476:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1448:
1437:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1286:
1273:
1260:
1229:
1205:
1158:
1156:Maronite Church
1152:
1147:
1076:Pope Honorius I
991:Maronite Church
913:than another."
851:
808:Greater Lebanon
804:First World War
782:founded modern
753:Maronite Church
749:Lebanese people
718:
682:
680:
675:
674:
670:Flag of Lebanon
625:
617:
616:
594:
586:Lebanese Arabic
576:
568:
567:
546:Greater Lebanon
494:
486:
485:
419:
411:
410:
208:
200:
199:
141:Lebanese people
136:
135:Lebanese people
128:
120:
101:Lebanese people
61:
57:; historically
55:Lebanese Arabic
43:
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
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3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2987:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2936:
2935:
2933:Greek Orthodox
2929:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2883:
2881:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2803:
2784:
2768:
2750:
2749:External links
2747:
2744:
2743:
2718:
2701:
2682:
2675:
2655:
2635:
2624:
2604:
2579:
2557:
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2469:
2462:
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2373:
2349:
2339:Hobby (1985).
2331:
2313:
2303:
2285:
2275:
2257:
2250:
2230:
2195:(2): 222–228.
2175:
2148:(3): 202–204.
2128:
2119:
2112:
2092:
2069:
2059:
2041:
2011:
2004:
1984:
1974:
1956:
1949:
1926:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:Lebanese Druze
1883:
1878:
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1868:
1863:
1858:
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1828:
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1817:Lebanon portal
1804:
1801:
1800:
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1753:Pierre Gemayel
1750:
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1741:Bachir Gemayel
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1565:Pierre Gemayel
1563:
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1525:
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1521:Bachir Gemayel
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1201:
1170:Hatay Province
1154:Main article:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1033:Pope Hormisdas
987:Hatay Province
907:Pierre Zalloua
882:Shuf Mountains
863:Bachir Gemayel
850:
847:
812:French Mandate
800:Ottoman Empire
759:, the largest
720:
719:
717:
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709:
702:
694:
691:
690:
677:
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667:
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652:
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640:Prime Minister
637:
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591:
590:
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569:
566:
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561:Taif Agreement
558:
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531:
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491:
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249:
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198:
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185:
183:Greek Orthodox
180:
170:
169:
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163:
158:
148:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:Lebanese cedar
112:
104:
103:
97:
96:
95:of articles on
84:
83:
72:
71:
67:
66:
50:
49:
45:
44:
41:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3599:
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2999:
2997:
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2989:
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2015:
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3135:Palestinians
3045:Baháʼí Faith
2906:
2879:Christianity
2858:Demographics
2734:. Retrieved
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2490:. Retrieved
2486:the original
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1994:
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1979:
1965:
1959:
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1913:
1825:Eduard Meron
1787:Samir Geagea
1770:Émile Lahoud
1735:Elias Sarkis
1665:Etienne Saqr
1651:Fouad Chehab
1607:Chekri Ganem
1593:Charles Corm
1328:
1319:
1312:
1309:
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1227:Demographics
1206:
1185:Monophysitic
1167:
1112:
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1092:
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1065:Monoenergism
1041:
1029:Monophysites
1022:
995:
968:
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926:
915:
895:
878:Druze Khalwa
836:
824:Taif Accords
773:
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724:
723:
524:Ottoman rule
443:Architecture
401:Saudi Arabia
374:
373:
369:South Africa
364:Sierra Leone
272:
271:
235:
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210:
177:
76:Christianity
62:Liturgical:
53:Vernacular:
21:Ethnic group
18:
3449:Cathedrals:
3186:Middle East
3160:Sri Lankans
2964:Protestants
2801:(in Arabic)
2736:15 November
2597:26 December
2519:15 December
2492:28 December
2478:"Maronites"
1919:15 November
1759:Elias Hrawi
1695:Fuad Chehab
1685:(2016–2022)
1679:Michel Aoun
1344:Percentage
1215:, parts of
1127:coexistence
1108:Christendom
1099:John Maroun
1008:to lead an
964:Constantine
945:Saint Peter
375:Middle East
354:Ivory Coast
294:New Zealand
207:Communities
3770:Categories
3702:Traditions
3653:John Maron
3130:Pakistanis
3075:Bulgarians
2550:17 January
2034:25 January
1892:References
1707:Émile Eddé
1637:Daoud Corm
1119:Christians
911:Phoenician
729:Christians
455:Literature
193:Protestant
3525:Churches:
3296:Eparchies
3254:Patriarch
3080:Canadians
3070:Assyrians
3065:Armenians
2887:Catholics
2787:Aleppians
2755:Baladites
2695:(Beirut:
2588:"Lebanon"
2225:163021809
2209:0038-7134
2162:0021-6682
2085:3 October
1910:"Lebanon"
1425:4,044,784
1411:2,550,000
1397:1,407,858
1137:" in the
1069:Patriarch
1061:Jacobites
1049:Heraclius
1018:Pachomius
960:Pentarchy
767:and East
725:Lebanese
635:President
514:Phoenicia
334:Venezuela
299:Argentina
289:Australia
48:Languages
3718:See also
3551:Shrines:
3443:Churches
3155:Russians
3110:Italians
3100:Iranians
3015:Sunnites
2870:Religion
2794:Archived
2778:Archived
2771:Antonins
2762:Archived
2380:16 April
2189:Speculum
2081:. Nature
1803:See also
1623:Said Akl
1150:Religion
1106:Eastern
962:) after
778:and the
727:Maronite
624:Politics
575:Language
431:Religion
349:Paraguay
314:Colombia
273:Overseas
178:Maronite
145:religion
93:a series
91:Part of
70:Religion
3165:Syrians
3095:Indians
2991:Shiites
2969:Baptist
2862:Lebanon
2699:, 2014)
2572:13 June
2217:2848470
2170:1454219
1422:999,672
1408:586,500
1394:423,708
1383:785,543
1380:226,378
1369:609,069
1366:199,181
1355:487,600
1352:208,180
1322:Lebanon
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1249:Percent
1145:Culture
1123:harmony
1010:ascetic
983:Antioch
933:Antioch
922:Antioch
890:Lebanon
849:History
828:Shiites
790:". The
784:Lebanon
757:Lebanon
612:English
595:Foreign
493:History
474:Cuisine
418:Culture
359:Senegal
344:Jamaica
329:Ecuador
319:Uruguay
242:Germany
188:Melkite
118:Lebanon
3668:Chayna
3641:Saints
3272:Dimane
3267:Bkerké
3151:groups
3145:Romani
3125:Malays
3105:Iraqis
3090:Greeks
3085:French
2673:
2460:
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2207:
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2160:
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2057:
2002:
1972:
1947:
1551:Elissa
1428:24.7%
1400:30.1%
1386:28.8%
1372:32.7%
1358:42.7%
1197:Bkerke
1177:Syriac
832:Sunnis
769:Beirut
733:Arabic
600:French
581:Arabic
467:Cinema
386:Kuwait
309:Mexico
304:Brazil
284:Canada
262:Greece
257:Sweden
247:France
236:Europe
217:Cyprus
114:Emblem
3648:Maron
3170:Turks
3140:Poles
3120:Kurds
3033:Other
3020:Druze
2983:Islam
2650:(PDF)
2619:(PDF)
2221:S2CID
2213:JSTOR
2166:JSTOR
1335:Year
1115:Druze
971:Maron
958:(the
918:Maron
780:Druze
481:Sport
462:Music
396:Qatar
381:Egypt
339:Haiti
324:Chile
267:Spain
222:Syria
166:Druze
161:Sunni
3180:The
3115:Jews
3040:Jews
2738:2022
2671:ISBN
2599:2022
2574:2013
2552:2016
2521:2013
2494:2013
2458:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2403:ISBN
2382:2015
2369:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2271:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2205:ISSN
2158:ISSN
2108:ISBN
2087:2013
2055:ISBN
2036:2010
2000:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1921:2022
1419:1988
1414:23%
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1391:1956
1377:1932
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