Lebanon - Knowledge

4667:, and contributed 3.1% to the country's GDP, as of 2020. Lebanon has the highest proportion of cultivable land in the Arab world. Major crops include apples, peaches, oranges, and lemons. A significant portion of the country's factories, approximately one-third, is dedicated to producing packaged food items, ranging from poultry to pickles. However, despite favorable conditions for farming and diverse microclimates, the country depends on food imports, constituting 80% of its consumption. This is mainly attributed to the small scale of many farms, preventing the benefits of economies of scale. The ongoing economic crisis and devaluation of the Lebanese pound have also negatively impacted the agricultural sector, particularly through elevated costs for essential imports such as seeds and fertilizers. This economic strain compounds existing burdens for farmers, including escalating debts and inefficient agricultural practices. Consequently, farmers are observing a decline in revenues and encountering difficulties in meeting loan repayment obligations. 2209: 2393: 4805: 2481: 2807: 6246: 2821:, which included an outline timetable for Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and a formula for the de-confessionalization of the Lebanese political system. The civil war ended at the end of 1990 after 16 years; it had caused massive loss of human life and property and devastated the country's economy. It is estimated that 150,000 people were killed and another 200,000 wounded. Nearly a million civilians were displaced by the war, and some never returned. Parts of Lebanon were left in ruins. The Taif Agreement has still not been implemented in full and Lebanon's political system continues to be divided along sectarian lines. Conflict between Israel and Lebanese militants continued, leading to a series of violent events and clashes including the 3300: 8509:

had predicted it?" In the Middle East, Lebanon seems to offer a corresponding example. When the idea of a Greater Lebanon in 1908 was put forward in a book by Bulus Nujaym, a Lebanese Maronite writing under the pseudonym of M. Jouplain, he suggested that the natural boundaries of Lebanon were exactly the same as drawn in the 1861 and 1863 staff maps of the French military expedition to Syria, maps that added territories on the northern, eastern and southern borders, plus the city of Beirut, to the Mutasarrifiyya of Mount Lebanon. In this case, too, the prior existence of a European military map seems to have created a fact on the ground.

4603: 4123: 220: 2331: 2420:. The mandate was ended by the declaration of the mandatory power, and of the new states themselves, of their independence, followed by a process of piecemeal unconditional recognition by other powers, culminating in formal admission to the United Nations. Article 78 of the UN Charter ended the status of tutelage for any member state: "The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality." So when the UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, after ratification of the 3525: 208: 18989: 5879: 3362: 3699: 5006:). United States also has one the largest Lebanese population, at around 2,000,000. Another region with a significant diaspora are Gulf Countries, where the countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar (around 25,000 people), Saudi Arabia and UAE act as host countries to many Lebanese. 269,000 Lebanese citizens currently reside in Saudi Arabia. Around a third of the Lebanese workforce, about 350,000, live in Gulf countries according to some sources. Over 50% of the Lebanese diaspora are Christian, partly due to the large period of Christian emigration before 1943. 5443: 6443: 4842: 2001: 19453: 3537: 3611:

was designed to be a temporary solution, while the government would have devised a long-term plan. Sixteen years later al-Naameh was still open and exceeded its capacity by 13 million tons. In July 2015 the residents of the area, already protesting in the recent years, forced the closure of the dumpsite. The inefficiency of the government, as well as the corruption inside of the waste management company Sukleen in charge of managing the garbage in Lebanon, have resulted in piles of garbage blocking streets in Mount Lebanon and Beirut.

996: 3117: 2837: 2996: 2090: 6024: 20244: 4647:

jewelry, and carpets. This prosperity was later marred by four decades of conflict. Following the end of the civil war, Lebanon has developed a service-based economy centered around finance, real estate, and tourism. Nearly 65% of the Lebanese workforce attain employment in the services sector. The GDP contribution, accordingly, amounts to roughly 67.3% of the annual Lebanese GDP. However, dependence on the tourism and banking sectors leaves the economy vulnerable to political instability.

2573: 6345: 3615: 4782: 4508: 3808: 751: 3502:. In coastal areas, winters are generally cool and rainy whilst summers are hot and humid. In more elevated areas, temperatures usually drop below freezing during the winter with heavy snow cover that remains until early summer on the higher mountaintops. Although most of Lebanon receives a relatively large amount of rainfall, when measured annually in comparison to its arid surroundings, certain areas in north-eastern Lebanon receives only little because of the 4465: 20159: 19626: 149: 3596:(USFS), through the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative (LRI), was inaugurated in 2011 by planting cedar, pine, wild almond, juniper, fir, oak and other seedlings, in ten regions around Lebanon. As of 2016, forests covered 13.6% of Lebanon, and other wooded lands represented a further 11%. Since 2011, over 600,000 trees, including cedars and other native species, have been planted throughout the country as part of the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative (LRI). 1804: 1642: 2803:. In September 1988, the Parliament failed to elect a successor to President Gemayel as a result of differences between the Christians, Muslims, and Syrians. The Arab League Summit of May 1989 led to the formation of a Saudi–Moroccan–Algerian committee to solve the crisis. On 16 September 1989 the committee issued a peace plan which was accepted by all. A ceasefire was established, the ports and airports were re-opened and refugees began to return. 19638: 6429: 5164: 5824:

one-third of the country's public hospitals were operational, each with an average of 20 beds. By 2009, the country had 28 public hospitals, with a total of 2,550 beds. At public hospitals, hospitalized uninsured patients pay 5% of the bill, in comparison with 15% in private hospitals, with the Ministry of Public Health reimbursing the remainder. The Ministry of Public Health contracts with 138 private hospitals and 25 public hospitals.

5174: 1451: 20169: 3676:

economic crisis has precipitated electricity shortages, prompting an increased reliance on diesel generators and subsequently contributing to environmental deterioration and health hazards. The scarcity of power has led to a heightened contamination of water sources. The compromised infrastructure, marked by sewage infiltrating drinking water, has given rise to significant health concerns, including an increase in cases of

18310: 776: 728: 709: 676: 657: 5121: 4721:, generating profits exceeding $ 4 billion. In recent decades, Hezbollah has intensified its engagement in the drug economy, with narcotics serving as a significant revenue stream for the group. Despite some of the harvest being retained for local use, a significant amount is smuggled worldwide. Despite ongoing efforts, the government's inability to control the drug-producing Beqaa Valley and address illicit 3923: 5111: 3150:, Lebanon's main port, destroyed the surrounding areas, killing over 200 people, and injuring thousands more. The cause of the explosion was later determined to be 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate that had been unsafely stored, and accidentally set on fire that Tuesday afternoon. Protests resumed within days following the explosion, which resulted in the resignation of Prime Minister Hassan Diab and his 4734: 2679:. On 17 July 1981, Israeli aircraft bombed multi-story apartment buildings in Beirut that contained offices of PLO associated groups. The Lebanese delegate to the United Nations Security Council claimed that 300 civilians had been killed and 800 wounded. The bombing led to worldwide condemnation, and a temporary embargo on the export of U.S. aircraft to Israel. In August 1981, defense minister 53: 4944: 5816: 4404: 2131:. However, this expansion raised concerns for Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, leading to a punitive expedition in 1633. Fakhr al-Din II was captured, imprisoned for two years, and subsequently executed in April 1635, along with one of his sons. Surviving members of his family continued to govern a reduced area under closer Ottoman supervision until the late 17th century. On the death of the 2640: 5736: 12536: 2465:. While some irregular forces crossed the border and carried out minor skirmishes against Israel, it was without the support of the Lebanese government, and Lebanese troops did not officially invade. Lebanon agreed to support the forces with covering artillery fire, armored cars, volunteers and logistical support. On 5–6 June 1948, the Lebanese army – led by the then 5697:. Almost 40% of Lebanese are considered francophone, and another 15% "partial francophone", and 70% of Lebanon's secondary schools use French as a second language of instruction. By comparison, English is used as a secondary language in 30% of Lebanon's secondary schools. The use of French is a legacy of France's historic ties to the region, including its 3242:, did not participate the election, leaving a political vacuum to other Sunni politicians to fill. The Lebanese crisis became so severe that multiple boats left the coast holding migrants in a desperate run from the country. Many proved unsuccessful and fatal. In April 2022, 6 people died and around 50 people are rescued after an overloaded boat sunk in 2318:. Greater Lebanon united the regions of Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and the Bekaa, with Beirut as its designated capital. These specified boundaries later evolved into the present-day configuration of Lebanon. This arrangement was later ratified in July 1922. The Lebanese Republic was officially proclaimed on September 1, 1926, with the 1898:, a relative of Uthman, serving as the governor. Mu'awiya sent forces to the coastal region of Lebanon, prompting conversions to Islam among the coastal population. However, the mountainous areas retained their Christian or other cultural practices. Despite Islam and Arabic becoming officially dominant, the population's conversion from Christianity and 4801:, begin collecting taxes, and regain access to key port and government facilities. Economic recovery has been helped by a financially sound banking system and resilient small- and medium-scale manufacturers, with family remittances, banking services, manufactured and farm exports, and international aid as the main sources of foreign exchange. 2608:, which was charged with restoring calm. PLO attacks from Lebanon into Israel in 1977 and 1978 escalated tensions between the countries. On 11 March 1978, 11 Fatah fighters landed on a beach in northern Israel and hijacked two buses full of passengers on the Haifa – Tel-Aviv road, shooting at passing vehicles in what became known as the 3246:. And on September 22, at least 94 people were killed when a boat carrying migrants from Lebanon capsized off Syria's coast. 9 people survived. Many were declared missing and some were found either dead or injured. Dead bodies were sent to nearby hospitals. 40 people are still missing as of 24 September. On 1 February 2023, the 2687: 12528: 1965:. The new religion gained followers in the southern portion of Mount Lebanon. The southern portion of Mount Lebanon was ruled by Druze feudal families till the early 14th century. The Maronite population increased gradually in Northern Mount Lebanon and the Druze have remained in Southern Mount Lebanon until the modern era. 3823:. The parliament elects the president for a non-renewable six-year term by a two-thirds majority. The president appoints the Prime Minister, following consultations with the parliament. The president and the prime minister form a cabinet, which must also adhere to the sectarian distribution set out by confessionalism. 6901: 4881:, Jordan, and Japan were the three most popular origin countries of foreign tourists to Lebanon. In summer, a considerable number of visitors to Lebanon consists of Lebanese expatriates coming to visit their hometowns. In 2012, it was reported that an influx of Japanese tourists had caused a rise in popularity of 12505: 8508:

His study shows that the modern map in some cases predicted the nation instead of just recording it; rather than describing existing borders it created the reality it was assumed to depict. The power of the map over the mind was great:"ow could a nation resist being found if a nineteenth-century map

5486:

It is believed that there has been a decline in the ratio of Christians to Muslims over the past 60 years, due to higher emigration rates of Christians, and a higher birth rate in the Muslim population. When the last census was held in 1932, Christians made up 53% of Lebanon's population. In 1956, it

4553:

In 1990, article 95 was amended to provide that the parliament shall take necessary measures to abolish political structure based on religious affiliation, but that until such time only the highest positions in public civil service, including the judiciary, military, security forces, public and mixed

3641:

In February 2016, the government withdrew from negotiations after it was revealed that documents relating to the export of the trash to Russia were forgeries. On 19 March 2016, the Cabinet reopened the Naameh landfill for 60 days in line with a plan it passed few days earlier to end the trash crisis.

3633:

and the surrounding area. The waste had accumulated in temporary locations following the government closure of the county's largest land fill site five months earlier. The contract was jointly signed with Howa International which has offices in the Netherlands and Germany. The contract is reported to

3082:

suspended registration of Syrian refugees at the request of the Lebanese government. In February 2016, the Lebanese government signed the Lebanon Compact, granting a minimum of €400 million of support for refugees and vulnerable Lebanese citizens. As of October 2016, the government estimates that the

5746:

According to surveys from the World Economic Forum's 2013 Global Information Technology Report, Lebanon has been ranked globally as the fourth best country for math and science education, and as the tenth best overall for quality of education. In quality of management schools, the country was ranked

4646:

Throughout the Ottoman and French mandatory periods and into the 1960s, Lebanon experienced prosperity, serving as a hub for banking, financial services, and a key distribution center for the Middle East. The local economy thrived with a foundation in industries related to food processing, clothing,

4533:

law. For Muslims, these tribunals deal with questions of marriage, divorce, custody, and inheritance and wills. For non-Muslims, personal status jurisdiction is split: the law of inheritance and wills falls under national civil jurisdiction, while Christian and Jewish religious courts are competent

3826:

In an unprecedented move, the Lebanese parliament has extended its own term twice amid protests, the last being on 5 November 2014, an act which comes in direct contradiction with democracy and article #42 of the Lebanese constitution as no elections have taken place. Lebanon was without a President

3646:

and Costa Brava, east and south of Beirut respectively. Sukleen trucks began removing piled garbage from Karantina and heading to Naameh. Environment Minister Mohammad Machnouk announced during a chat with activists that over 8,000 tons of garbage had been collected up to that point in only 24 hours

3610:

Beirut and Mount Lebanon have been facing a severe garbage crisis. After the closure of the Bourj Hammoud dump in 1997, the al-Naameh dumpsite was opened by the government in 1998. The al-Naameh dumpsite was planned to contain 2 million tons of waste for a limited period of six years at the most. It

1626:

in 1943. Lebanon's history since independence has been marked by alternating periods of relative political stability and prosperity based on Beirut's position as a regional center for finance and trade, interspersed with political turmoil and armed conflict (1948 Arab–Israeli War, Lebanese Civil War

5927:

and most recently the French, Lebanese culture has over the millennia evolved by borrowing from all of these groups. Lebanon's diverse population, composed of different ethnic and religious groups, has further contributed to the country's festivals, musical styles and literature as well as cuisine.

4487:

The Lebanese Armed Forces' primary missions include defending Lebanon and its citizens against external aggression, maintaining internal stability and security, confronting threats against the country's vital interests, engaging in social development activities, and undertaking relief operations in

3768:

countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. The country lost this status with the outbreak of the Civil War, and has not regained it since. Lebanon was rated "Partly Free" in 2013. Even so, Freedom House still ranks Lebanon as among the most democratic nations in the Arab world. According

3675:

confirmed his contact with a number of countries to send assistance via helicopters and firefighting planes, Cyprus, Jordan, Turkey and Greece participated in firefighting. According to press reports on Tuesday (15 October), fire has decreased in different places due to the rains. Lebanon's ongoing

2388:

government. Elections were held in 1943 and on 8 November 1943 the new Lebanese government unilaterally abolished the mandate. The French reacted by imprisoning the new government. Lebanese nationalists declared a provisional government, and the British diplomatically intervened on their behalf. In

1953:

took control of the Levant, including Mount Lebanon, resulting in the rejuvenation of Mediterranean trade along the Lebanese coast through renewed connections with Byzantium and Italy. This resurgence saw Tripoli and Tyre flourishing well into the 11th century, focusing on exports such as textiles,

9614:

Like a wound that just won't heal, a large expanse patch of fresh asphalt still mottles the grey surface of Rue Minet el-Hosn, where the street veers west around St. George Bay. The patch marks the exact spot where a massive truck bomb exploded 14 February 2005, killing prime minister Rafik Hariri

6140:

Christians celebrate Christmas on 6 January, as they follow the Julian Calendar. Muslim holidays are followed based on the Islamic lunar calendar. Muslim holidays that are celebrated include Eid al-Fitr (the three-day feast at the end of the Ramadan month), Eid al-Adha (The Feast of the Sacrifice)

4549:

is still de facto used to sanction certain crimes, but no longer enforced. The Lebanese court system consists of three levels: courts of first instance, courts of appeal, and the court of cassation. The Constitutional Council rules on constitutionality of laws and electoral frauds. There also is a

4498:

Hezbollah effectively controls large portions of southern Lebanon, and has greater military strength than the Lebanese armed forces. The government of Lebanon has been unable or unwilling to prevent Hezbollah attacks on Israel, and violent conflict between Israel and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon.

4705:

to reach an agreement regarding the exploration of these resources. The seabed separating Lebanon and Cyprus is believed to hold significant quantities of crude oil and natural gas. On 10 May 2013, the Lebanese minister of energy and water clarified that seismic images of the Lebanese sea bed are

6416:

since its independence, winning a total of four medals. Water sports have also shown to be very active in the past years, in Lebanon. Since 2012 and with the emergence of the Lebanon Water Festival NGO, more emphasis has been placed on those sports, and Lebanon has been pushed forward as a water

5044:

have ravaged the country. The majority of Lebanese have been affected by armed conflict; those with direct personal experience include 75% of the population, and most others report suffering a range of hardships. In total, almost the entire population (96%) has been affected in some way – either

5827:

In 2011, there were 236,643 subsidized admissions to hospitals; 164,244 in private hospitals, and 72,399 in public hospitals. More patients visit private hospitals than public hospitals, because the private beds supply is higher. According to the Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon, the top 10

4706:

undergoing detailed explanation of their contents and that up till now, approximately 10% have been covered. Preliminary inspection of the results showed, with over 50% probability, that 10% of Lebanon's exclusive economic zone held up to 660 million barrels of oil and up to 30×10 cu ft of gas.

4634:

in decades. As of 2023, the GDP has shrunk by 40% since 2018, and the currency has experienced a significant depreciation of 95%. The annual inflation rate exceeds 200%, rendering the minimum wage equivalent to approximately $ 1 per day. This was the first time Lebanon had devalued its official

4650:

The urban population in Lebanon is noted for its commercial enterprise. Emigration has yielded Lebanese "commercial networks" throughout the world. In 2008, Remittances from Lebanese abroad totalled $ 8.2 billion and account for one-fifth of the country's economy. In 2005, Lebanon had the

2869:, a series of demonstrations which demanded the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon and the establishment of an international commission to investigate the assassination. Under pressure from the West, Syria began withdrawing, and by 26 April 2005 all Syrian soldiers had returned to Syria. 2671:

Israel during the period of the cease-fire, with over 270 documented attacks. People in Galilee regularly had to leave their homes during these shellings. Documents captured in PLO headquarters after the invasion showed they had come from Lebanon. Arafat refused to condemn these attacks on the

5823:

In 2010, spending on healthcare accounted for 7.03% of the country's GDP. In 2009, there were 31.29 physicians and 19.71 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants. The life expectancy at birth was 72.59 years in 2011, or 70.48 years for males and 74.80 years for females. By the end of the civil war, only

5750:

The United Nations assigned Lebanon an education index of 0.871 in 2008. The index, which is determined by the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio, ranked the country 88th out of the 177 countries participating. All Lebanese schools are

2500:

after the cease-fire. As of 2017, between 174,000 and 450,000 Palestinian refugees live in Lebanon with about half in refugee camps (although these are often decades old and resemble neighborhoods). Often Palestinians are legally barred from owning property or performing certain occupations.

1902:

was gradual. The Maronite community, in particular, managed to maintain a large degree of autonomy despite the succession of rulers over Lebanon and Syria. The relative (but not complete) isolation of the Lebanese mountains meant the mountains served as a refuge in the times of religious and

5584:

estimate the percentage of Christians to be around 53%. A study based on voter registration numbers shows that by 2011, the Christian population was stable compared to that of previous years, making up 34.35% of the population; Muslims, the Druze included, were 65.47% of the population. The

4587:

A gender and sexuality conference, held annually in Lebanon, since 2013, was moved abroad in 2019 after a religious group on Facebook called for the organizers' arrest and the cancellation of the conference for "inciting immorality." General Security Forces shut down the 2018 conference and

9788:

It is the Commission's view that the assassination of 14 February 2005 was carried out by a group with an extensive organization and considerable resources and capabilities. Building on the findings of the Commission and Lebanese investigations to date and on the basis of the material and

2066:

or other local patriarchs, the Maronites proclaimed allegiance to the Pope in Rome. As such the Franks saw them as Roman Catholic brethren. These initial contacts led to centuries of support for the Maronites from France and Italy, even after the fall of the Crusader states in the region.

5450:

Lebanon is the most religiously diverse country in West Asia and the Mediterranean. Because the relative sizes of different religions and religious sects remains a sensitive issue, a national census has not been conducted since 1932. There are 18 state-recognized religious sects – four

6090:, "the media have more freedom in Lebanon than in any other Arab country". Despite its small population and geographic size, Lebanon plays an influential role in the production of information in the Arab world and is "at the core of a regional media network with global implications". 3559:

As a result of longstanding exploitation, few old cedar trees remain in pockets of forests in Lebanon, but there is an active program to conserve and regenerate the forests. The Lebanese approach has emphasized natural regeneration over planting by creating the right conditions for

5701:

over Lebanon following World War I; as of 2005, some 20% of the population used French on a daily basis. The use of Arabic by Lebanon's educated youth is declining, as they usually prefer to speak in French and, to a lesser extent, English, which are seen as more fashionable.

4643:, borrowing dollars at high interest rates to sustain deficits and maintain a currency peg. By 2019, insufficient new deposits led to an unsustainable situation, resulting in weeks-long bank closures, arbitrary capital controls, and ultimately, the country's default in 2020. 5843:

Recently, there has been an increase in foodborne illnesses in Lebanon. This has raised public awareness on the importance of food safety, including in the realms of food storage, preservation, and preparation. More restaurants are seeking information and compliance with

6893: 4528:

country, with the exception for matters related to personal status (succession, marriage, divorce, adoption, etc.), which are governed by a separate set of laws designed for each sectarian community. For instance, the Islamic personal status laws are inspired by the

195: 3113:, unemployment, endemic corruption in the public sector, legislation (such as banking secrecy) that is perceived to shield the ruling class from accountability and failures from the government to provide basic services such as electricity, water and sanitation. 3654:

In September 2018, Lebanon's parliament passed a law that banned open dumping and burning of waste. Despite penalties set in case of violations, Lebanese municipalities have been openly burning the waste, putting the lives of people in danger. In October 2018,

197: 4812:

Until July 2006, Lebanon enjoyed considerable stability, Beirut's reconstruction was almost complete, and increasing numbers of tourists poured into the nation's resorts. The economy witnessed growth, with bank assets reaching over 75 billion US dollars,

12497: 3587:

In 2010, the Environment Ministry set a 10-year plan to increase the national forest coverage by 20%, which is equivalent to the planting of two million new trees each year. The plan, which was funded by the United States Agency for International Development

194: 2798:

director estimated that 200,000–300,000 children were need of assistance and were living almost entirely on bread, which was subsidized by the government. Those who could relied on foreign assistance. Hezbollah was receiving about $ 3–5 million a month from

196: 192: 191: 11079: 9971: 193: 4690:

Industry in Lebanon is mainly limited to small businesses that reassemble and package imported parts. In 2004, industry ranked second in workforce, with 26% of the Lebanese working population, and second in GDP contribution, with 21% of Lebanon's GDP.

2392: 2054:

as Roman Catholic Christian states along the coast. These crusader states made a lasting impact on the region, though their control was limited, and the region returned to full Muslim control after two centuries following the conquest by the Mamluks.

3552:, the national emblem of the country. Millennia of deforestation have altered the hydrology in Mount Lebanon and changed the regional climate adversely. As of 2012, forests covered 13.4% of the Lebanese land area; they are under constant threat from 3145:

in decades. Lebanon is the first country in the Middle East and North Africa to see its inflation rate exceed 50% for 30 consecutive days, according to Steve H. Hanke, professor of applied economics at the Johns Hopkins University. On 4 August 2020,

6145:, and Ashura (the Shiite Day of Mourning). Lebanon's National Holidays include Workers Day, Independence day, and Martyrs Day. Music festivals, often hosted at historical sites, are a customary element of Lebanese culture. Among the most famous are 10564: 8992: 5992:

is widely recognized as among the most important figures in modern Arabic letters and among the most important spiritual writers of the 20th century. Several contemporary Lebanese writers have also achieved international success; including

5953:

has a collection of over 400,000 photographs from Lebanon and the Middle East. The photographs can be viewed in a research center and various events and publications have been produced in Lebanon and worldwide to promote the collection.

3440:

system. The valley is 180 km (112 mi) long and 10 to 26 km (6 to 16 mi) wide, its fertile soil is formed by alluvial deposits. The Anti-Lebanon range runs parallel to the Lebanon mountains, its highest peak is in

3788:. After liberalization laws were passed in 2007, the number of banned jobs dropped to around 20. In 2010, Palestinians were granted the same rights to work as other foreigners in the country. Lebanon's national legislature is the 17797: 5944:

was among Lebanon's most prominent painters of the 20th century. Formally trained in Rome and Paris, he exhibited in venues from Paris to New York to Beirut over his career. Many more contemporary artists are active, such as

15610: 2864:

claimed that Israel was behind the assassination. The Hariri assassination marked the beginning of a series of assassinations that resulted in the death of many prominent Lebanese figures. The assassination triggered the

10951: 4828:

Over the course of 2008 Lebanon rebuilt its infrastructure mainly in the real estate and tourism sectors, resulting in a comparatively robust post war economy. Major contributors to the reconstruction of Lebanon include

3132:

tendering his resignation and echoing protestors' demands for a government of independent specialists. Other politicians targeted by the protests have remained in power. On 19 December 2019, former Minister of Education

1934:

After the Islamic conquest, Mediterranean trade declined for three centuries due to conflicts with the Byzantines. The ports of Tyre, Sidon, Beirut, and Tripoli struggled to recover, sustaining small populations under

190: 11071: 8974: 4921:, as the Lebanese "are descended from many different peoples who are either indigenous, or have occupied, invaded, or settled this corner of the world", making Lebanon, "a mosaic of closely interrelated cultures". 21166: 9967: 12306: 11811: 6061:

are widely known and appreciated in Lebanon and in the Arab world. Radio stations feature a variety of music, including traditional Lebanese, classical Arabic, Armenian and modern French, English, American, and

8236:.. Europeans who visited the area during this period related that the Druze "love the Christians more than the other believers," and that they "hate the Turks, the Muslims and the Arabs with an intense hatred. 6082:, that could amount to a national cinema. Cinema in Lebanon has been in existence since the 1920s, and the country has produced over 500 films with many films including Egyptian filmmakers and film stars. The 3799:

equally between Christians and Muslims, proportionately between the 18 different denominations and proportionately between its 26 regions. Prior to 1990, the ratio stood at 6:5 in favor of Christians, but the

21188: 12951: 9539: 9342: 10594: 2991:

became president and a national unity government was established, granting a veto to the opposition. The agreement was a victory for opposition forces, as the government caved in to all their main demands.

2295:, tasked with deciding the fate of former Ottoman territories, it was determined that Syria and Lebanon would fall under French rule; Shortly afterward, the formal division of territories took place in the 2243:

assumed direct control, disrupting supplies and confiscating animals, ultimately leading to a severe famine. During the war, approximately 100,000 people in Beirut and Mount Lebanon died due to starvation.

14036: 21654: 19831: 17674: 10572: 2428:, as both Syria and Lebanon were founding member states, the French mandate for both was legally terminated on that date and full independence attained. The last French troops withdrew in December 1946. 13187: 12316: 10310: 997: 15030: 13741: 9236: 3634:

cost $ 212 per ton. The waste, which is compacted and infectious, would have to be sorted and was estimated to be enough to fill 2,000 containers. Initial reports that the waste was to be exported to

2983:. The Lebanese government denounced the violence as a coup attempt. At least 62 people died in the resulting clashes between pro-government and opposition militias. On 21 May 2008, the signing of the 14295: 12326: 4870:

announced that 1,851,081 tourists had visited Lebanon in 2009, a 39% increase from 2008. In 2009, Lebanon hosted the largest number of tourists to date, eclipsing the previous record set before the

21193: 12361: 15999: 1622:

Sultanate in 1289 and finally to the Ottoman Empire in 1516. With the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Greater Lebanon fell under French mandate in 1920, and gained independence under president

11191: 10722: 10367: 4778:

In the 1950s, GDP growth was the second highest in the world. Despite having no oil reserves, Lebanon, as the Arab world's banking center and among its trading center, had a high national income.

3420:

The mountain range varies in width between 10 km (6 mi) and 56 km (35 mi); it is carved by narrow and deep gorges. The Lebanon mountains peak at 3,088 metres (10,131 ft)

2389:

the face of intense British pressure and protests by Lebanese nationalists, the French reluctantly released the government officials on 22 November 1943, and accepted the independence of Lebanon.

12574: 6927: 5840:(1.4%), intra-cerebral hemorrhage (1.2%), malignant neoplasm of colon (1.2%), malignant neoplasm of pancreas (1.1%), malignant neoplasm of prostate (1.1%), malignant neoplasm of bladder (0.8%). 5033:. According to the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia of the United Nations, among the Syrian refugees, 71% live in poverty. A 2013 estimate by the United Nations put the number of 21629: 21183: 12778: 2651:

Israeli forces withdrew later in 1978, but retained control of the southern region by managing a 19-kilometre-wide (12 mi) security zone along the border. These positions were held by the

1627:

1975–1990, 2005 Cedar Revolution, 2006 Lebanon War, 2007 Lebanon conflict, 2006–08 Lebanese protests, 2008 conflict in Lebanon, 2011 Syrian Civil War spillover, and 2019–20 Lebanese protests).

11459: 10652: 21161: 9767: 3600: 10850: 9449: 188: 12974: 12400: 4411:

Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002. It is included in the European Union's

10755: 3039:

newspaper in November 2010 stated that Hezbollah had drafted plans for a violent takeover of the country in case the Special Tribunal for Lebanon issued an indictment against its members.

21176: 21171: 19676: 15693: 11645: 3101:

On 17 October 2019, the first of a series of mass civil demonstrations erupted; they were initially triggered by planned taxes on gasoline, tobacco and online phone calls such as through

17742: 11582: 3918:). The districts themselves are also divided into several municipalities, each enclosing a group of cities or villages. The governorates and their respective districts are listed below: 2776:

and assassinations. Their objectives encompassed eliminating Israel, fighting for the Shia cause in the Lebanese civil war, ending Western presence in Lebanon, and establishing a Shiite

11322: 10785: 9419: 15112: 11551: 11109: 15967: 2667:, compared the plight of the Christian minority in southern Lebanon (then about 5% of the population in SLA territory) to that of European Jews during World War II. The PLO routinely 17793: 12336: 7313: 6157:, Jounieh International Festival, Broumana Festival, Batroun International Festival, Ehmej Festival, Dhour Chwer Festival and Tyr Festival. These festivals are promoted by Lebanon's 2138:

While the history of Druze-Christian relations in Lebanon has generally been marked by harmony and peaceful coexistence, there were occasional periods of tension, notably during the

2058:

Among the most lasting effects of the Crusades in this region was the contact between the Franks (i.e., the French) and the Maronites. Unlike most other Christian communities in the

21659: 21340: 10981: 2876: 15602: 12995: 21370: 19824: 12415: 10692: 2952:. At least 169 soldiers, 287 insurgents and 47 civilians were killed in the battle. Funds for the reconstruction of the area have been slow to materialize. Between 2006 and 2008, 17957: 13820: 11169: 13700: 11261: 11003: 13782: 10124: 9570: 9479: 9389: 4520:

There are 18 officially recognized religious groups in Lebanon, each with its own family law legislation and set of religious courts. The Lebanese legal system is based on the

21121: 17381: 15142: 12165: 11693: 9771: 189: 14711: 11615: 11231: 21126: 21106: 21096: 20560: 17766: 16067: 14584: 14152: 4833:(with US$ 1.5 billion pledged), the European Union (with about $ 1 billion) and a few other Persian Gulf countries with contributions of up to $ 800 million. 2829:. The internal political situation in Lebanon significantly changed in the early 2000s. After the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon and the death of former president 16396: 11292: 10873: 7684: 4415:(ENP), which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer. Lebanon also has bilateral trade agreements with several Arab states and is working toward accession to the 1678:

in the world. The evidence dates back to earlier than 5000 BC. Archaeologists discovered remnants of prehistoric huts with crushed limestone floors, primitive weapons, and

21131: 21116: 21111: 21101: 21091: 20581: 8978: 5721:

descent often speak their ancestral languages with varying degrees of fluency. As of 2009, there were around 150,000 Armenians in Lebanon, or around 5% of the population.

17046: 13548: 11046: 3815:

The Parliament is elected for a four-year term by popular vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation. The executive branch consists of the President, the

2531:

Until the early 1970s, Lebanon was dubbed "the Switzerland of the Middle East" for its unique status as both a snow-capped holiday destination and secure banking hub for

2208: 19817: 15865: 15553: 13332: 11819: 2964:'s presidential term ended in October 2007, the opposition refused to vote for a successor unless a power-sharing deal was reached, leaving Lebanon without a president. 2933:

on 14 August 2006, which ordered a ceasefire, the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon, and the disarmament of Hezbollah. Some 1,191 Lebanese and 160 Israelis were

542: 15575: 14122: 10815: 10340: 7122: 4635:

exchange rate in 25 years. According to the United Nations, three out of every four Lebanese individuals fall below the poverty line. The crisis stems from a long-term

19182: 17979: 17712: 14768: 12304: 6960: 13636: 10218: 9285: 21664: 11733: 10288: 9789:

documentary evidence collected, and the leads pursued until now, there is converging evidence pointing at both Lebanese and Syrian involvement in this terrorist act.

3180:. On 9 October 2021, the entire nation lost power for 24 hours after its two main power stations ran out of power due to the currency and fuel shortage. Days later, 13576: 12943: 9531: 2569:

against Israel. The relocation of Palestinian bases also led to increasing sectarian tensions between Palestinians versus the Maronites and other Lebanese factions.

2260:

of 1916, a secret pact between Britain and France, delineated Lebanon and its surrounding areas as regions open to potential French influence or control. After the

20595: 19669: 15119: 15090: 14414: 7252: 6819: 3604: 2425: 17819: 15670: 14020: 10604: 7749: 6141:

which is celebrated during the annual pilgrimage to Mecca and also celebrates Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son to God, the Birth of the Islamic prophet

4550:

system of religious courts having jurisdiction over personal status matters within their own communities, with rules on matters such as marriage and inheritance.

2794:

collapsed. At the end of 1987 US$ 1 was worth £L500. This meant the legal minimum wage was worth just $ 17 a month. Most goods in shops were priced in dollars. A

2353:

for Syria and Lebanon, played a major role in the independence of the nation. The Vichy authorities in 1941 allowed Germany to move aircraft and supplies through

17682: 16835: 16339: 15723: 13027: 6647: 18225:

Sobelman, Daniel. New Rules of the Game: Israel and Hizbollah After the Withdrawal From Lebanon, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel-Aviv University, 2004.

13484: 12654: 8710: 3757:. This system is intended to deter sectarian conflict and to represent fairly the demographic distribution of the 18 recognized religious groups in government. 2380:

visited the area. Under political pressure from both inside and outside Lebanon, de Gaulle recognized the independence of Lebanon. On 26 November 1941, General

16723: 16693: 16663: 14644: 13171: 12283: 11521: 9863: 7606: 2322:

inspired by the French constitution on May 23 of the same year. While a Lebanese government was established, the country continued to be under French control.

13266: 12353: 12314: 9744: 9350: 9228: 5759:, and may also add more courses to their curriculum with approval from the Ministry of Education. The first eight years of education are, by law, compulsory. 3647:

as part of the government's trash plan. The plan's execution was ongoing at last report. In 2017, Human Rights Watch found that Lebanon's garbage crisis, and

19080: 16917: 16753: 14951: 13725: 10318: 4623:, and the country has no restrictions on the movement of capital across its borders. The Lebanese government's intervention in foreign trade is minimal. The 3219:

movement (and its allies) lost their parliamentary majority. Hezbollah did not lose any of its seats, but its allies lost seats. Hezbollah's ally, President

16813: 15943: 14287: 8292: 20805: 17845: 17129: 14890: 13999: 11379: 9509: 9159: 9015: 8536: 5752: 16998: 15919: 12449: 12324: 6677: 21679: 19662: 15989: 13522: 12475: 11751: 10359: 8920: 16783: 12921: 7879:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 2–8. 6923: 2213: 2020:

to the Muslim Turks, the Byzantines put out a call to the Pope in Rome for assistance in the 11th century. The result was a series of wars known as the

21156: 19052: 19003: 12774: 12558: 3589: 3168:

warned that Lebanon was threatened with "total darkness" at the end of March if no money was secured to buy fuel for power stations. In August 2021, a

12972: 11199: 9532:"On the occasion of the Day of Resistance and Liberation, the Armed Forces Commander General Joseph Aoun delivered the Order of the Day to the troops" 21063: 20553: 17871: 12681: 11451: 4627:

was established with the aim of promoting investment in Lebanon. In 2001, Investment Law No.360 was enacted to reinforce the organisation's mission.

2454:

Lebanon's history since independence has been marked by alternating periods of political stability and turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on

2139: 16484: 14912: 10662: 8883: 4874:. Tourist arrivals reached two million in 2010, but fell by 37% for the first 10 months of 2012, a decline caused by the war in neighbouring Syria. 10838: 9441: 3270: 614: 16861: 13390: 12392: 9775: 7848: 4480:

in Lebanon. Hezbollah has 20,000 active fighters and 20,000 in reserves and is supplied with advanced weaponry, including rockets and drones from

2123:

in southern Mount Lebanon and quickly asserted his authority as the paramount emir of the Druze in the Shouf region. Eventually, he was appointed

21324: 15782:

Lebanon, with a population of 3.8 million, has the most religiously diverse society in the Middle East, comprising 17 recognized religious sects.

14475: 10903: 10747: 8840: 2930: 2872: 901: 17453: 15701: 15466: 13149: 11637: 3158:. Demonstrations continued into 2021 with Lebanese blocking the roads with burned tires protesting against the poverty and the economic crisis. 2412:

Following the end of World War II in Europe the French mandate may be said to have been terminated without any formal action on the part of the

21237: 20485: 18846: 17734: 15403: 15038: 12838: 11574: 10195: 7628:

Garfinkel, Yosef (2004). ""Néolithique" and "Énéolithique" Byblos in Southern Levantine Context". In E. J. Peltenburg; Alexander Wasse (eds.).

5845: 4476:

has 72,000 active personnel, including 1,100 in the air force, and 1,000 in the navy. The LAF is considered less powerful and influential than

3334:". The country's surface area is 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi) of which 10,230 square kilometres (3,950 sq mi) is 2629: 1268: 18184:, "Tribes with Flags: A Dangerous Passage Through the Chaos of the Middle East", Atlantic Monthly Press (New York) and Picador (London), 1990 16629: 16540: 13950: 11314: 10777: 9997: 8864: 19008: 18586: 15430: 14392: 14342: 11543: 11101: 3774: 1210: 732: 15964: 14453: 13884: 13112: 13079: 6417:

sport destination internationally. They host different contests and water show sports that encourage their fans to participate and win big.

6161:. Lebanon hosts about 15 concerts from international performers each year, ranking 1st for nightlife in the Middle East, and 6th worldwide. 5773:

Universities in Lebanon, both public and private, largely operate in French or English. The top-ranking universities in the country are the

21669: 20546: 17582: 14174: 13462: 9927: 7309: 4491:

Lebanon is a major recipient of foreign military aid. With over $ 400 million since 2005, it is the second largest per capita recipient of

2612:. They killed 37 and wounded 76 Israelis before being killed in a firefight with Israeli forces. Israel invaded Lebanon four days later in 1675: 1649: 787: 17107: 15407: 12334: 10973: 9941: 9627: 8748: 7345: 7157: 3258:. This was the first time Lebanon had devalued its official exchange rate in 25 years. As of 2023, Lebanon is considered to have become a 3141:

have since continued, with protesters denouncing and condemning the designation of Diab as prime minister. Lebanon is suffering the worst

19173: 19035: 13303: 12991: 12419: 12195: 10419: 8007: 7427: 4958:

Lebanon has witnessed a series of migration waves: over 1,800,000 people emigrated from the country in the 1975–2011 period. Millions of

4928:

fell from 5.00 in 1971 to 1.75 in 2004. Fertility rates vary considerably among the different religious groups: in 2004, it was 2.10 for

4804: 4624: 3078:

voiced concerns that the country's sectarian based political system is being undermined by the influx of Syrian refugees. On 6 May 2015,

16945: 16253: 15229: 14973: 13858: 12601: 11490: 10684: 8427: 7413:

Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,621 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites

4615:

states that 'the economic system is free and ensures private initiative and the right to private property'. Lebanon's economy follows a

3409:

alternating with sandy bays and rocky beaches. Lebanon's mountains rise steeply parallel to the Mediterranean coast and form a ridge of

21136: 21051: 18267: 17953: 17625: 17352: 16283: 15809: 13804: 13605: 13427: 11161: 8466: 7929: 7028: 4821:

severely damaged Lebanon's fragile economy, especially the tourism sector. According to a preliminary report published by the Lebanese

583: 16967: 13684: 11253: 10943: 7219: 5860:, founded in 1896 in Lebanon, is considered the first modern mental health hospital in the Middle East. The devastating impact of the 5002:(1999 est.). In Canada, there is also a large Lebanese diaspora of approximately 250,000–700,000 people having Lebanese descent. (see 1555:(Phoenician) city-states. As part of the Levant, it was part of numerous succeeding empires throughout ancient history, including the 21649: 20520: 20490: 14736: 13766: 13431: 13298: 12886: 11013: 10396: 10132: 9562: 9471: 9373: 7818: 6363: 4793:

heavily damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a West Asian

3725:, erected in 1943, laid out a governing arrangement intended to harmonize the interests of the country's major religious groups. The 2953: 2683:

began to draw up plans to attack PLO military infrastructure in West Beirut, where PLO headquarters and command bunkers were located.

680: 17374: 17266: 15324: 14703: 12161: 11685: 8943: 7575: 5666:

Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the

21494: 20454: 18340: 18291: 16459: 15182: 11607: 11221: 9889: 9411: 8809: 6786: 2806: 2737:, to supervise the evacuation of the PLO. The civil war re-emerged in September 1982 after the assassination of Lebanese President 1907:. As such, the mountains displayed religious diversity and the existence of several well-established sects and religions, notably, 515: 18258: 17763: 17076: 16051: 14576: 14515: 14144: 12065:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material" 10881: 10254: 6479:

states: "Arabic is the official national language. A law shall determine the cases in which the French language can be used." See

6033:

While traditional folk music remains popular in Lebanon, modern music reconciling Western and traditional Arabic styles, pop, and

5593:

in Lebanon at 3.3%. Survey data indicates a decrease in religious faith within Lebanon, especially noticeable among young people.

3804:, which put an end to the 1975–1990 civil war, adjusted the ratio to grant equal representation to followers of the two religions. 2127:, overseeing various Ottoman sub-provinces and tax collection. Expanding his influence extensively, he even constructed a fort in 21619: 21474: 21469: 21464: 21459: 21386: 21355: 21300: 19967: 19585: 19462: 18242:

Schlicht, Alfred. The role of Foreign Powers in the History of Syria and Lebanon 1799–1861 in: Journal of Asian History 14 (1982)

14264: 13057: 12860: 11284: 11139: 10630: 7668: 7287: 6760:

The heritage of the Maronites is perceived as anything Phoenician, Greco-Roman, Mediterranean, or internationalist, but not Arab.

4679: 2826: 2668: 2633: 2566: 16890: 16430: 15903:

Most Druze do not consider themselves Muslim. Historically they faced much persecution and keep their religious beliefs secrets.

14853: 12139: 10541: 10023: 9814:

Report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1595 (2005)

9683: 9661: 9315: 9262: 8589: 6624: 21454: 21449: 21444: 21439: 21434: 21429: 21424: 21419: 21414: 21290: 17050: 14999: 13544: 11913: 11038: 9713: 6121: 6086:

is not only a regional center of production but also the most liberal and free in the Arab world. According to Press freedom's

5928:

Despite the ethnic, linguistic, religious and denominational diversity of the Lebanese, they "share an almost common culture".

5503: 4697:

has recently been discovered inland and in the seabed between Lebanon, Cyprus, Israel and Egypt and talks are underway between

3754: 3519: 3162: 2960:

demanded the creation of a national unity government, over which the mostly Shia opposition groups would have veto power. When

2840:

Demonstrations in Lebanon triggered by the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005

2552: 2524:

were briefly dispatched to Beirut on 15 July. After the crisis, a new government was formed, led by the popular former general

2466: 2273: 1198:. Since the end of the conflicts, there have been extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure. 1195: 15857: 15831: 15545: 15523: 13367: 13325: 5786: 3436:. The Beqaa valley sits between the Lebanon mountains in the west and the Anti-Lebanon range in the east; it is a part of the 2480: 2151: 21396: 21295: 20137: 18829: 18441: 18414: 18125: 18104: 18069: 17619: 17566: 17531: 17492: 17417: 17346: 17234: 17172: 16372: 16247: 16166: 16156: 16139: 16129: 15775: 15748: 15579: 15265: 15223: 14336: 14114: 13217: 12635: 11794: 10807: 10344: 10102: 9190: 8914: 8632: 8501: 8460: 8421: 8366: 8326: 8126: 8072: 8045: 7884: 7639: 7526: 7470: 7421: 7114: 7095: 6657: 6078:, according to film critic and historian, Roy Armes, was the only cinema in the Arabic-speaking region, besides the dominant 3047: 2892: 2647:

demarcation line between Lebanon and Israel, established by the UN after the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 1978

1997:, and others, were directly administered by the Muslim Caliphs and the people became more fully absorbed by the Arab culture. 453: 18131: 17983: 17704: 16029: 14775: 11432: 8078: 7968: 7801: 7645: 6949: 4541:

The most notable set of codified laws is the Code des Obligations et des Contrats promulgated in 1932 and equivalent to the

1237:

has defined Lebanon's economic crisis as one of the world's worst since the 19th century. Despite the country's small size,

1186:. The new Lebanese state was relatively stable after independence, but this was ultimately shattered by the outbreak of the 21624: 20459: 18961: 18571: 17423: 15354: 15294: 13632: 13239: 12805: 10280: 10228: 10159: 10051: 9829:"Report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1595" 9768:"Report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1595" 9289: 6989: 6956: 6330: 4909:

estimated to be 4,680,212 (July 2018 est.); however, no official census has been conducted since 1932 due to the sensitive

4133: 3680:. The health service, grappling with workforce shortages due to emigration, struggles amid a growing public health crisis. 3016: 2760:, a Shiite Islamist militant group and political party, came into existence through the efforts of Shiite clerics who were 2276:, also including areas with significant Muslim and Druze populations in addition to the Christian-dominated Mount Lebanon. 2108:. Lebanon's area was organized into provinces: Northern and Southern Mount Lebanon, Tripoli, Baalbek and Beqaa Valley, and 1648:

is believed to have been first occupied between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC, making it among

207: 17409:(Re)constructing Armenia in Lebanon and Syria: ethno-cultural diversity and the state in the aftermath of a refugee crisis 14489: 13658: 12944:"Results of 2nd round of Lebanon presidential election: Michel Aoun – 83 (winner); blank votes – 36; others/cancelled – 8" 11409: 9832: 7388: 6539:

communities are known to oppose being characterized as Arab, but from a statistical perspective are often counted as such.

6500:

communities are known to oppose being characterized as Arab, but from a statistical perspective are often counted as such.

5984:

was a major figure in the mahjar literary movement developed by Arab emigrants in North America, and an early theorist of

21263: 21254: 20569: 18478: 15380: 13570: 11715: 11350: 6249: 5490:

A demographic study conducted by the research firm Statistics Lebanon found that approximately 27% of the population was

2593: 1262: 18287: 15488: 14554: 14422: 7740: 7241: 6826: 6245: 5899:

The culture of Lebanon reflects the legacy of various civilizations spanning thousands of years. Originally home to the

4817:

was also at an all-time high, estimated at $ 10.9 billion at the end of the second quarter of 2006. The month-long

4580:

in Lebanon is widespread. According to 2019 survey by the Pew Research Center, 85% of Lebanese respondents believe that

21284: 21279: 21274: 21269: 21230: 19075: 19030: 17823: 16603: 16566: 15662: 11957: 11938:

Greipsson, Sigurdur Ph.D. Restoration Ecology, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Kennesaw State University, 2011, page 279

10921: 8953: 7551: 6563: 6338: 6302: 6215:– small savoury dishes, such as dips, salads, and pastries. The mezze are typically followed by a selection of grilled 5625: 2934: 2448: 713: 21556: 16865: 16839: 16335: 13976: 13017: 11980: 7899:

A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language, article by Roger D. Woodward (ed. Egbert J. Bakker, 2010, Wiley-Blackwell).

5932:

is universally spoken while food, music, and literature are deep-rooted "in wider Mediterranean and Levantine norms".

4713:, including both production and trade. Western intelligence estimate an annual production of over 4 million pounds of 1515: 1076:. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi). 20995: 20502: 19047: 18622: 18212: 18189: 18162: 17905: 17203: 15896: 15841: 15146: 14628: 14208: 14092: 13492: 12658: 11891: 11875: 9855: 9049: 8391: 8229: 8201: 8176: 8151: 8001: 7962: 7923: 7717: 7678: 5798: 5522:

estimates (2020) the following (data does not include Lebanon's sizable Syrian and Palestinian refugee populations):

4866:

ranked Beirut the No. 1 travel destination worldwide due to its nightlife and hospitality. In January 2010, the

4737: 2335: 2315: 2224:

The Baalbek and Beqaa Valley and Jabal Amel was ruled intermittently by various Shia feudal families, especially the

1534: 1159: 1151: 1003: 92: 17: 16715: 16685: 16655: 14801: 14651: 13916: 12275: 11513: 9736: 7598: 3651:

in particular, was posing a health risk to residents and violating the state's obligations under international law.

3405:

at the border with Israel in the south. The fertile coastal plain is formed of marine sediments and river deposited

1487: 20259: 19070: 18379: 17931: 16518: 14943: 14676: 13270: 9601: 8718: 7697:

Archaeological excavations at Byblos indicate that the site has been continually inhabited since at least 5000 B.C.

7102:

Archaeological excavations at Byblos indicate that the site has been continually inhabited since at least 5000 B.C.

6874: 6322: 5794: 5034: 4770:". They achieved great success until 1966 where the program was stopped because of both war and external pressure. 4725:

factories allows for the persistent occurrence of drug trades, impacting Lebanon's economy and regional stability.

3581: 3063: 2910: 2733:

of American, French and Italian contingents (joined in 1983 by a British contingent) were deployed in Beirut after

2028:

from Western Europe to reclaim the former Byzantine Christian territories in the Eastern Mediterranean, especially

1862:. The monks who followed Maron spread his teachings among Lebanese in the region. These Christians became known as 239: 16924: 16745: 16211: 15113:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 8691: 2741:, an Israeli ally, and subsequent fighting. During this time a number of sectarian massacres occurred, such as in 2120: 63: 20497: 20475: 20210: 19166: 19062: 19042: 16805: 15940: 15640: 15198:

In recent years, the Melkites, like the Maronites, have denied affiliation with Arab ethnicity, race and culture.

14882: 9800: 6802:

In recent years, the Melkites, like the Maronites, have denied affiliation with Arab ethnicity, race and culture.

6747: 6146: 6133: 5511: 2825:. In May 2000, Israeli forces fully withdrew from Lebanon. Since then, 25 May is regarded by the Lebanese as the 2600:

asked for the Syrian Army to intervene on the side of the Christians and help restore peace. In October 1976 the

17849: 17137: 16591: 16313: 9501: 9143: 8540: 7182: 4588:

indefinitely denied non-Lebanese LGBT activists who attended the conference permission to re-enter the country.

3211:. Lebanon's crisis has been so severe that more than 80 percent of the population is now considered poor by the 3200:

called Lebanon's present situation a 'man-made disaster caused by a handful of men across the political class'.

2975:

forces, sparked by a government declaration that Hezbollah's communications network was illegal, seized western

2913:

into Israeli territory, where they killed three Israeli soldiers and captured two others. Israel responded with

21639: 21364: 20975: 19565: 17034: 15915: 13972: 12758: 12441: 9856:"Clashes spread to Lebanon as Hezbollah raids Israel – Africa & Middle East – International Herald Tribune" 8563: 7779: 6673: 5762:

Lebanon has forty-one nationally accredited universities, several of which are internationally recognized. The

3836: 3828: 3742: 3282: 3204: 3193: 2730: 1494: 1472: 661: 555: 402: 21530: 18039: 14831: 13514: 12913: 12471: 5828:

leading causes of reported hospital deaths in 2017 were: malignant neoplasm of bronchus or lung (4.6%), Acute

4862:. Lebanon attracted around 1,333,000 tourists in 2008, thus placing it as 79th out of 191 countries. In 2009, 4797:

and banking hub. The subsequent period of relative peace enabled the central government to restore control in

21684: 21223: 20449: 19090: 18635: 18009: 16775: 14207:[Basil: Oil dream became a reality and we did all the basic steps in record time]. Lebanonfiles.com. 10714: 6158: 6150: 5774: 5763: 4867: 4822: 4422:

Lebanon enjoys good relations with virtually all of the other Arab countries (despite historic tensions with

4412: 3565: 3278: 3196:. The postponement of parliamentary elections was said to prolong the political deadlock in the country. The 3173: 2883:, which cited indications that the assassination was organized by Syrian and Lebanese intelligence services. 2750: 1883: 1615: 1587: 886: 15064: 11371: 8994:

133. Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa - Tel Aviv Road

3625:

In December 2015, the Lebanese government signed an agreement with Chinook Industrial Mining, part owned by

19783: 19569: 19123: 18544: 18333: 8521: 7487: 6405: 6125: 5782: 5617: 5499: 4937: 4447: 4398: 3796: 3730: 3593: 3020: 2761: 2548: 2240: 2201:

founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through the ruling and social system known as the "

2187: 1191: 1140: 867: 862: 852: 844: 17875: 16942:"Table B.8: Top 10 leading causes of reported hospital deaths* by ICD10 4-character code and gender, 2017" 12685: 3541: 1709:

who spread across the Mediterranean in the first millennium BC. The most prominent Phoenician cities were

916: 20220: 20205: 20182: 19788: 19085: 18473: 18419: 18394: 18281: 16492: 14916: 14066: 8880: 8597: 6897: 6861: 6326: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 5770:(USJ) were the first Anglophone and the first Francophone universities to open in Lebanon, respectively. 5694: 5637: 4767: 2497: 2147: 2084: 1501: 1365: 1136: 466: 17651: 12753:, in S. Lipset (ed.), "The Encyclopedia of Democracy". London, Routledge, 1995, Volume III, pp. 853–865 12037: 11843:"National action plan for the reduction of pollution into the mediterranean sea from land based sources" 6263:. Because of Lebanon's unique geography, it is possible to go skiing in the morning and swimming in the 3299: 21634: 21350: 21345: 20480: 20215: 20195: 20190: 19159: 19025: 19013: 18723: 18384: 18369: 13397: 8284: 7844: 7802:

Seasonality and gazelle hunting at Hayonim Cave : new evidence for "sedentism" during the Natufian

6480: 6099: 5690: 5559: 5518:, with the remaining 6% mostly belonging to smaller non-native to Lebanon Christian denominations. The 5383: 4995: 4910: 4492: 4214: 4170: 4051: 3718: 2742: 2396: 2370: 2272:, representing the Maronite Christians, successfully campaigned for an expanded territory at the 1919 1977:

was ruled by Shia feudal families under the Mamluks and the Ottoman Empire. Major cities on the coast,

1784:

took control in the 6th century BC. In 539 BC, The cities of Phoenicia were then incorporated into the

1636: 1179: 838: 814: 357: 178: 19618:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

13141: 8836: 8040:. Studies in Middle Eastern history. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press. pp. 3–28, 232, 247. 3564:

and growth. The Lebanese state has created several nature reserves that contain cedars, including the

3023:, which was expected to indict Hezbollah members for the Hariri assassination. The parliament elected 1866:

and moved into the mountains to avoid religious persecution by Roman authorities. During the frequent

1359:

as the name of an administrative unit (as opposed to the mountain range) that was introduced with the

1304: 20130: 19809: 19113: 19018: 18822: 18581: 17445: 15462: 12829: 10187: 6371: 6137: 6087: 5698: 5365: 5329: 5311: 5227: 5092: 5076: 4631: 4338: 4333: 4236: 3978: 3963: 3946: 3856: 3746: 3734: 3465: 3142: 3110: 3096: 2558: 2462: 2311: 2257: 1832: 1329: 1214: 387: 21551: 14370: 13844:

Jean Hayek et al, 1999. The Structure, Properties, and Main Foundations of the Lebanese Economy. In

3432:

and gradually slope to the south before rising again to a height of 2,695 metres (8,842 ft) in

2287:'s independence and asserted control over Lebanon. However, following a defeat to the French at the 1483: 21046: 20940: 20172: 19849: 19108: 18409: 18399: 18313: 16633: 16544: 15994: 14854:"The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Reviews with the Jordanian King the Situation in Lebanon..." 13942: 11372:"Situation in Lebanon: Severe and prolonged economic depression | Think Tank | European Parliament" 11008: 10977: 10947: 10657: 10599: 9993: 8862: 6571: 6129: 5706: 5515: 4602: 4525: 4416: 3785: 3664: 3285:

killing at least 569 over September 23 and 24, and sparking a mass evacuation of Southern Lebanon.

3137:

was designated the next prime minister and tasked with forming a new cabinet. Protests and acts of

3031:, Prime Minister of Lebanon, making him responsible for forming a new government. Hezbollah leader 2143: 1468: 377: 70: 31: 21566: 15437: 14384: 14318: 11842: 8681:

Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship, by H. Duncan Hall, Carnegie Endowment, 1948, pages 265–266

8121:(2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. xxi–xxxv, 2–9. 2833:

in 2000, the Syrian military presence faced criticism and resistance from the Lebanese population.

2330: 20200: 19798: 19527: 18698: 18676: 18650: 18549: 18534: 18488: 18389: 18326: 17526:. Cultures of the World. Vol. 13. Zawiah. Marshall Cavendish Children's Books. p. 123. 15316: 14445: 13891: 13105: 13083: 8997:, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 12 March 1978, archived from the original on 15 August 2004 7631:

Neolithic Revolution: New Perspectives on Southwest Asia in Light of Recent Discoveries on Cyprus

6476: 6409: 6385: 6375: 6367: 6298: 6105: 5767: 5740: 5543: 5456: 5429: 5097: 5081: 5018: 4894: 4748: 4710: 4612: 4606: 4443: 4435: 4122: 3848: 3781: 3770: 3714: 3693: 3346:

to the north and east and a 79 kilometres (49 mi) long border with Israel to the south. The

3223: 3075: 2493: 2319: 1461: 1206: 765: 638: 601: 492: 325: 39: 17586: 17226: 17220: 14182: 13454: 12682:"Chapter 9 Power sharing in Lebanon: Foreign protectors, domestic peace, and democratic failure" 11667: 9911: 8945:

The Origins of the US War on Terror: Lebanon, Libya and American intervention in the Middle East

5790: 2228:

in Jabal Amel that remained in power until 1865 when Ottomans took direct ruling of the region.

1846:

during the early spread of the faith. During the late 4th and early 5th century, a hermit named

21561: 21490: 20935: 19867: 19140: 19118: 18612: 18559: 18463: 17764:

http://www.nrl.com/tonga-hold-on-against-gallant-lebanon/tabid/10874/newsid/115449/default.aspx

17099: 9945: 9631: 8740: 7335: 7153: 6136:

Christians follow the Gregorian Calendar and thus celebrate Christmas on 25 December. Armenian

5778: 5683: 5679: 5597: 5527: 5491: 4933: 4752: 4660: 4577: 4571: 4197: 4080: 3738: 3390: 3370: 3184:

killed a number of people in the deadliest clashes in the country since 2008. By January 2022,

3151: 3066:

in Lebanon increased from around 250,000 in early 2013 to 1,000,000 in late 2014. In 2013, The

3051: 2896: 2444: 2421: 2232:, a Lebanese nationalist played an influential role in Lebanon's independence during this era. 2202: 2005: 1928: 1867: 1797: 1021: 688: 632: 529: 353: 219: 35: 17519: 17216: 17160: 16362: 16237: 15213: 13293: 12187: 10423: 8489: 8411: 7991: 7411: 6329:. However, their 2021 quarter-final was not as competitive, losing 48–4 to eventual champions 21576: 20444: 19999: 19654: 19559: 18738: 18566: 18539: 17609: 17548: 17484: 17336: 17259:"LibGuides: Middle Eastern & North African Cinema & Film: Egyptian Cinema & Film" 16941: 14977: 13862: 12597: 11482: 10498:"The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Foreign Policy Decision-Making in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey" 8450: 6176: 6006: 5950: 5829: 5605: 5531: 5495: 5437: 5433: 4929: 4814: 4766:

In 1960, a science club from a university in Beirut started a Lebanese space program called "

4473: 4459: 3792: 3750: 3648: 3499: 3226:, was no longer the biggest Christian party after the election. A rival Christian party, the 3147: 3092: 3067: 2984: 2980: 2945: 2900: 2609: 2521: 2440: 2284: 2261: 2093: 2076: 2059: 1781: 1222: 1218: 1163: 820: 440: 422: 20538: 18264: 17375:"Knowledge Intensive Industries: Four Case Studies of Creative Industries in Arab Countries" 16975: 16275: 15801: 13597: 8904: 8657: 7913: 7020: 3035:

insists that Israel was responsible for the assassination of Hariri. A report leaked by the

21246: 21057: 21010: 20887: 20367: 20162: 20123: 19762: 19427: 19133: 19128: 18973: 18815: 18713: 18703: 18645: 18576: 18483: 18451: 17872:"FIBA Asia – Thrilla in Manila Part II: Riyadi down Mahram again, this time in final video" 14857: 12076: 10223: 8272:

the Druzes and the Christians in the Shuf Mountains in the past lived in complete harmony..

7215: 6851: 6268: 5730: 5718: 5710: 5661: 5446:

Distribution of main religious groups of Lebanon according to 2009 municipal election data.

5243: 5154: 4272: 4092: 3852: 3835:, in addition to a close but officially non-member minister. The most recent parliamentary 3726: 3524: 3421: 3361: 3294: 3266: 3169: 3155: 3008: 3004: 2605: 2577: 2517: 2047: 1776:, flourished throughout the Mediterranean. Subsequently, foreign powers, starting with the 1556: 1258: 830: 570: 370: 14743: 12890: 10392: 7822: 7567: 5580: 3831:. As of August 2019, the Lebanese cabinet included two ministers directly affiliated with 3698: 3572:

Reserve, the Ammouaa and Karm Shbat Reserves in the Akkar district, and the Forest of the

3273:. Hezbollah has said it will not stop attacking Israel until Israel ceases its attacks in 2142:, during which around 10,000 Christians were killed by the Druze. Shortly afterwards, the 148: 8: 20585: 19990: 19504: 18728: 18554: 18522: 18508: 17558: 17552: 17258: 13423: 9885: 9709: 8813: 7242:"World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) Statistical Annex: Country Classification" 6381: 6154: 5967: 5857: 5837: 5586: 5567: 5563: 5419: 4999: 4971: 4967: 4714: 4282: 4114: 3703: 3689: 3515: 3449: 3425: 3347: 3319: 3315: 3197: 3181: 3055: 3036: 2987:

ended the fighting. As part of the accord, which ended 18 months of political paralysis,

2625: 2513: 2292: 1793: 1777: 1757: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1656: 1290: 1088: 1069: 347: 18988: 17675:"Lebanese rugby league team in storm over funny substances – Rugby League – More Sports" 17167:. Cultures of the World (2 ed.). Marshall Cavendish Children's Books. p. 105. 16592:"Country Report: Lebanon". Retrieved 14 December 2006. eIFL.net Regional Workshop (2005) 16452: 15975: 15171: 12080: 10250: 9812: 6775: 5878: 5442: 2296: 1548: 21674: 21404: 20812: 20332: 19980: 19778: 19742: 19483: 18918: 18769: 18762: 18664: 18640: 18600: 18431: 18361: 18353: 18276: 18201: 17317: 17072: 16203: 14523: 14358: 12732: 12724: 12630:(3rd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 402. 12251: 12218: 12105: 12064: 10447:"UNHCR and the Syrian refugee response: negotiating status and registration in Lebanon" 9968:"Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket attacks and IDF casualties July–Aug 2006" 9206: 6856: 6739: 6731: 6456: 6113: 5976: 5873: 5861: 5519: 5138: 5026: 5003: 4871: 4853: 4790: 4597: 4546: 4292: 4144: 4109: 4002: 3820: 3656: 3493: 3378: 3327: 3323: 3138: 3000: 2765: 2652: 2644: 2589: 2544: 2502: 2436: 2342:

Lebanon gained a measure of independence while France was occupied by Germany. General

2288: 2269: 2033: 1887: 1886:

from the Byzantines, incorporating the region, including modern-day Lebanon, under the

1591: 1572: 1440: 1238: 1230: 1202: 1187: 1104: 21500: 16184:"The View from Zahle: Security and Economic Conditions in the Central Bekaa 1980-1985" 14256: 13049: 12864: 11131: 10917: 10626: 8601: 8254:..the Druzes and Christians lived together in the most perfect harmony and good-will.. 7277: 4825:

on 30 August 2006, a major economic decline was expected as a result of the fighting.

3671:, broke out and spread over large areas of Lebanon's forests. Lebanese Prime Minister 3536: 2505:, Palestinian refugees in Lebanon live in "appalling social and economic conditions." 19841: 19637: 19262: 19151: 18681: 18208: 18185: 18158: 18121: 18100: 17615: 17562: 17527: 17488: 17477: 17413: 17342: 17321: 17309: 17230: 17199: 17168: 17030: 16897: 16422: 16368: 16243: 16195: 16162: 16135: 16103: 16059: 15892: 15837: 15771: 15219: 15007: 14624: 14469: 14332: 14028: 13993: 13812: 13774: 13733: 13692: 13179: 12754: 12736: 12631: 12566: 12256: 12238: 12131: 12110: 12092: 11871: 11790: 11102:"Lebanon becomes 1st country in Middle East and North Africa to enter hyperinflation" 10897: 10537: 10519: 10478: 10098: 10019: 9919: 9687: 9653: 9381: 9311: 9258: 9186: 9151: 9055: 9045: 9009: 8949: 8910: 8638: 8628: 8497: 8456: 8417: 8387: 8362: 8322: 8225: 8197: 8172: 8147: 8122: 8068: 8041: 7997: 7958: 7919: 7880: 7674: 7635: 7547: 7522: 7466: 7417: 7368:

The Lebanese Diaspora: The Arab Immigrant Experience in Montreal, New York, and Paris

7091: 7058: 6743: 6723: 6653: 6620: 6384:

is also among the more popular sports in the country. The top football league is the

6334: 6264: 6260: 6075: 5949:, a contemporary media artist residing in New York. In the field of photography, the 5941: 5882: 5810: 5714: 5401: 5347: 5295: 5277: 5261: 5209: 5193: 5022: 4959: 4951: 4542: 4350: 4304: 4297: 4229: 4187: 4158: 4104: 4068: 4029: 3934: 3927: 3765: 3477: 3437: 3429: 3382: 3366: 3339: 3128:

As a result of the protests, Lebanon entered a political crisis, with Prime Minister

2937:

in the conflict. Beirut's southern suburb was heavily damaged by Israeli airstrikes.

2853: 2795: 2516:

broke out, instigated by Lebanese Muslims who wanted to make Lebanon a member of the

2413: 2377: 2350: 2229: 2051: 1966: 1950: 1940: 1936: 1820: 1785: 1691: 1623: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1568: 1508: 1319: 1311: 1246: 1183: 1112: 1108: 1073: 1061: 21571: 11917: 8194:

The Druze Community and the Lebanese State: Between Confrontation and Reconciliation

4905:

The population of Lebanon was estimated to be 5,592,631 in 2021, with the number of

3120:

Women protesters forming a line between riot police and protesters in Riad el Solh,

1083:

Human civilization in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of

21614: 21510: 21360: 21346:

Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries

19522: 18879: 18778: 18743: 18733: 18718: 18686: 18503: 18436: 18296: 17301: 15515: 14324: 13363: 12716: 12246: 12230: 12100: 12084: 10509: 10468: 10458: 10090: 9108: 9104: 6715: 6240: 6170: 6109: 6083: 6018: 5985: 5675: 5613: 5551: 5523: 5507: 5460: 5452: 5425: 5188: 5125: 4913:

between Lebanon's various religious groups. Identifying all Lebanese as ethnically

4882: 4841: 4818: 4671: 4364: 4343: 4323: 4318: 4287: 4192: 4175: 4129: 4126: 4099: 4087: 4063: 4036: 3992: 3973: 3968: 3953: 3827:

between May 2014 and October 2016. Nationwide elections were finally scheduled for

3626: 3453: 3255: 3243: 3043: 3032: 3028: 2926: 2922: 2866: 2861: 2746: 2726: 2676: 2613: 2399:

during celebrations marking the release by the French of Lebanon's government from

2280: 2225: 2167: 2000: 1990: 1958: 1664: 1619: 1378: 1171: 1124: 1096: 1068:

lies a short distance from the country's coastline. It is at the crossroads of the

950: 740: 18061: 15752: 15258: 13209: 10463: 10446: 6179:, such as Syria, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus. The Lebanese national dishes are the 5163: 3621:

is a mountain range in Lebanon. It averages above 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in elevation.

3262:, suffering from chronic poverty, economic mismanagement and a banking collapse. 2268:

ultimately collapsed, losing control over the area. Soon after the war, Patriarch

21644: 20945: 20228: 20094: 19975: 19478: 19194: 18906: 18708: 18617: 18426: 18271: 18115: 17770: 17407: 16021: 15971: 15947: 13243: 12978: 12340: 12330: 12320: 12310: 8887: 8868: 8564:"Aspects of Maronite History (Part Eleven) The twentieth century in Western Asia" 8398:

the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.

8062: 7952: 7629: 6442: 6292: 6184: 6117: 6079: 6042: 6002: 5929: 5671: 5667: 5555: 5547: 5014: 4977: 4906: 4900: 4682:(IATA) standards, they must be declared upon exportation to any foreign country. 4640: 4534:

for marriage, divorce, and custody. Catholics can additionally appeal before the

4255: 4219: 4180: 4058: 4014: 3987: 3911: 3898: 3884: 3870: 3247: 3235: 3227: 3116: 2988: 2836: 2734: 2509: 2485: 2400: 2381: 2303: 2217: 2159: 2116: 2025: 1899: 1871: 1789: 1611: 1576: 1417: 1405: 1390: 1386: 1370: 1167: 1120: 1116: 1012: 479: 340: 294: 284: 155: 127: 106: 15346: 15290: 12801: 11514:"Six drown off Lebanon coast after overloaded boat capsizes, says Lebanese navy" 10155: 10087:

The Sunna and Shi’a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East

10083:"The Sunni-Shi'i Struggle over Lebanon: A New Chapter in the History of Lebanon" 10059: 9828: 8625:

A Line in the Sand: Britain, France and the Struggle that Shaped the Middle East

6985: 6719: 3188:

reported that the crisis in Lebanon had deepened further, with the value of the

2961: 2597: 69:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

21409: 21015: 20525: 20104: 20089: 20004: 18783: 18627: 18404: 17611:

The Mirage of Peace: Understanding the Never-Ending Conflict in the Middle East

17305: 16515:"Aid groups scramble to fix buildings; fill backpacks before school bell rings" 14493: 13662: 12088: 11401: 10846: 9210: 8871:"Palestinians in Lebanon: A Forgotten People", 25 February 2009, Time Magazine. 7380: 6587: 6579: 6555: 6434: 6401: 6050: 6034: 5649: 5645: 5629: 5041: 4925: 4760: 4369: 4328: 4260: 4207: 4163: 4075: 4041: 4024: 3958: 3941: 3801: 3303: 3251: 3212: 3189: 3165: 2949: 2830: 2818: 2791: 2769: 2738: 2722: 2664: 2417: 2265: 2175: 2128: 2101: 2089: 2063: 1894:'s caliphate (644–656), Islam gained significant influence in Damascus, led by 1816: 1750: 1746: 1250: 1226: 1128: 798: 74: 15376: 11402:"Lebanon: Almost three-quarters of the population living in poverty | UN News" 11344: 9059: 6231:, though sometimes a selection of traditional sweets will be offered as well. 5640:

live mainly in Beirut, on the eastern slopes of the Lebanon mountains, and in

5173: 2686: 2361:

where they were used against British forces. The United Kingdom, fearing that

2182:

reform. After 1861 there existed an autonomous Mount Lebanon with a Christian

21608: 21520: 21000: 20695: 20069: 20036: 19686: 19630: 19488: 18691: 18493: 18181: 17313: 17289: 16199: 16063: 15492: 14546: 14032: 13816: 13778: 13737: 13696: 13183: 12570: 12242: 12096: 11638:"Lebanon struggles to emerge from financial crisis and government corruption" 10523: 10482: 9923: 9385: 9155: 8642: 6727: 6413: 6397: 6224: 6063: 6054: 6046: 6023: 5989: 5963: 5924: 5621: 5601: 5539: 5464: 5342: 5120: 4963: 4781: 4756: 4616: 4581: 4521: 4379: 4265: 4250: 4046: 4019: 3997: 3816: 3761: 3722: 3707: 3668: 3643: 3618: 3573: 3549: 3529: 3473: 3433: 3394: 3351: 3331: 2972: 2957: 2941: 2880: 2822: 2787: 2780: 2565:

in Jordan, many Palestinian militants relocated to Lebanon, increasing their

2432: 2132: 2043: 1982: 1920: 1895: 1859: 1718: 1607: 1286: 931: 918: 879: 254: 241: 20243: 16607: 16570: 16107: 14607:

The Quest for Hegemony in the Arab World: The Struggle Over the Baghdad Pact

12595: 12234: 11949: 11752:"Israel bombs Lebanon updates: Hezbollah responds as Israeli raids kill 569" 11668:"Gallant threatens Hezbollah: 'What we can do in Gaza, we can do in Beirut'" 10094: 7805: 7062: 5110: 4442:

countries and hosted the Francophonie Summit in October 2002 as well as the

3338:. Lebanon has a coastline and border of 225 kilometres (140 mi) on the 2995: 2764:. Arising in the aftermath of the 1982 war and drawing inspiration from the 2675:

In April 1980 the presence of UNIFIL soldiers in the buffer zone led to the

2183: 20872: 20832: 20822: 20645: 20342: 20099: 20084: 20079: 20059: 20044: 19752: 19543: 19422: 19387: 18946: 18498: 18468: 18245: 17897: 15833:

Lebanon Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments

14231:"Lebanon's drug trade booms with help from Hezbollah's Captagon connection" 12260: 12114: 11984: 10514: 10497: 9888:. UN – Security Council, Department of Public Information. 11 August 2006. 9472:"Israeli regime's ample weaknesses make its collapse undeniable: Nasrallah" 9039: 8313: 6575: 6559: 6344: 5998: 5994: 5981: 5920: 5886: 5652:

are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of Beirut.

5609: 4918: 4878: 4830: 4722: 4636: 4512: 4439: 3635: 3614: 3481: 3469: 3457: 3442: 3386: 3355: 3259: 3231: 3208: 3177: 3071: 3024: 2886: 2845: 2810: 2680: 2621: 2617: 2525: 2470: 2384:

announced that Lebanon would become independent under the authority of the

2362: 2347: 2080: 1986: 1974: 1843: 1824: 1687: 1580: 1341: 1293: 1132: 1092: 393: 301: 18248:, Le Liban contemporain. Histoire et société (La découverte, 2003 et 2005) 17557:. Guidebook Series. Humphreys Andrew (2 ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 16999:"The Tragic Downfall of ʿAṣfūriyyeh (The Lebanon Hospital for the Insane)" 16569:. Lebanese Directory of Higher Education. 11 December 2007. Archived from 14204: 14088: 11887: 11072:"The lights go out on Lebanon's economy as financial collapse accelerates" 10082: 9133:, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Autumn, 1986), pp. 191–194 7709: 6337:

where, after narrowly failing to qualify for the final, the team defeated

4507: 3397:

stretches from the Syrian border in the north where it widens to form the

2572: 21005: 20720: 20610: 20515: 20424: 20146: 20054: 19642: 19372: 19312: 19307: 19202: 18838: 16095: 15633:"Registered Syrian refugees in surrounding states triple in three months" 15140: 14805: 13920: 10538:"Document - Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) 2017-2020 - full version" 9886:"Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israel" 9593: 8314: 7954:

From the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East

7915:

Global Security Watch—Lebanon: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook

7050: 6567: 6448: 6389: 6348: 6058: 4987: 4983: 4751:

in 2023, down from 88th in 2019. Notable scientists from Lebanon include

4431: 3862: 3807: 3677: 3672: 3561: 3540:'Pilgrimage to the Cedars of Libanon' - painting by a Hungarian painter, 3503: 3239: 3220: 3134: 3129: 2749:. The multinational force was withdrawn in the spring of 1984, following 2656: 2601: 2474: 2385: 2343: 2253: 2236: 1828: 1274: 1254: 1175: 1155: 408: 17927: 15965:«El Papa viaja mañana al Líbano en medio de la tensión que vive la zona» 15889:

The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives

14680: 14328: 14145:"IATA - Lebanon Customs, Currency & Airport Tax regulations details" 14089:"Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, U.S.A. 1986–1988" 10156:"Walking the tight wire – Conversations on the May 2008 Lebanese crisis" 8695: 8567: 5980:(1923), which has been translated into over twenty different languages. 4794: 4562:

without regard to the denominational affiliation within each community.

4464: 2596:, left-wing Druze and Muslim militias. In June 1976, Lebanese President 2447:, and the Deputy Speaker of Parliament and the Deputy Prime Minister be 1792:. The Phoenician city-states were later incorporated into the empire of 21215: 20882: 20852: 20780: 20770: 20740: 20730: 20685: 20635: 20625: 20317: 20233: 20074: 20064: 20049: 19927: 19432: 19407: 19322: 19302: 19252: 19222: 19212: 18925: 16207: 16183: 16102:. Area Handbook Series (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: The Division. 14205:"باسيل: حلم النفط صار واقعا وأنجزنا كل الخطوات الأساسية في فترة قياسية" 12728: 12626:

Cohen, Saul Bernard (2015). "Chapter 12: The Middle East Shatterbelt".

12005:

Talhouk, S. N. & Zurayk, S. 2003. Conifer conservation in Lebanon.

11575:"Lebanon to devalue currency by 90% on Feb. 1, central bank chief says" 10918:"Lebanon protests: University professor Hassan Diab nominated to be PM" 10276: 9442:"New details surface 20 years on from Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon" 9037: 7057:. Area Handbook Series (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: The Division. 6583: 6359: 5946: 5756: 5238: 4620: 4555: 4535: 3789: 3584:

mean score of 3.76/10, ranking it 141st globally out of 172 countries.

3569: 3307: 3274: 2777: 2592:

pitted a coalition of Christian groups against the joint forces of the

2124: 2109: 1970: 1962: 1916: 1855: 1851: 1679: 1475: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1242: 1234: 1229:

and fomented political instability, widespread resource shortages, and

1100: 19839: 16514: 16305: 15632: 15145:. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. Archived from 13421: 12219:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 10473: 9229:"After 2 Decades, Scars of Lebanon's Civil War Block Path to Dialogue" 8384:

Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon

6735: 6703: 3207:

since a painful economic crisis dragged it to the brink of becoming a

1838:

The region that is now Lebanon, as with the rest of Syria and much of

1641: 1190:(1975–1990). Lebanon was also subjugated by two military occupations: 21504: 20705: 20408: 20011: 19596: 19397: 19392: 19272: 18933: 18374: 17781: 14939: 14021:"Hobbyists hope to halt hunger in Lebanon by growing their own crops" 11226: 10874:"Lebanese Protesters Addressed President Aoun with an Urgent Demand/" 10128: 7771: 7190: 6393: 6196: 5904: 5833: 5682:

is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast media.

5633: 5600:

primarily live in Western Beirut, the Southern coast of Lebanon, and

4694: 4675: 4664: 4477: 3879: 3832: 3414: 3410: 3335: 3216: 3106: 2968: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2757: 2588:

into South Lebanon, a full-scale civil war broke out in Lebanon. The

2585: 2584:

In 1975, following increasing sectarian tensions, largely boosted by

2532: 2190:

under European diplomatic pressure following the 1860 massacres. The

2135:, various members of the Shihab clan ruled Mount Lebanon until 1830. 1908: 1863: 1803: 1702: 1701:, and consequently became the homeland of Canaanite descendants, the 1683: 1564: 1084: 1049: 319: 17820:"Team Lebanon Profile - 2011 FIBA Asia Championship | FIBA.COM" 16397:"English assumes greater importance in Lebanese linguistic universe" 15694:"Lebanon: Syrian Refugees Cost the Economy $ 4.5 Billion Every Year" 14827: 13424:"Arab Political Systems: Baseline Information and Reforms – Lebanon" 12720: 11734:"Israel rejects US-backed Lebanon ceasefire plan, hits Beirut again" 7495: 5487:

was estimated that the population was 54% Christian and 44% Muslim.

3234:, became the largest Christian-based party in parliament. The Sunni 1670:

Evidence dating back to an early settlement in Lebanon was found in

1450: 1324: 30:

This article is about the country. For other uses of "Lebanon", see

21655:

Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

20955: 20847: 20800: 20760: 20755: 20670: 20655: 20282: 19937: 19707: 19615:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

19473: 19412: 19367: 19347: 19342: 19337: 19237: 18794: 18318: 18031: 17735:"Lebanon's Rugby World Cup bid ends with draw | Sports, Rugby" 15951: 15576:"Senior Seminar: Transnational Migration and Diasporic Communities" 13022: 12531:[Rain participates in extinguishing the fires of Lebanon]. 11483:"Hariri's absence leaves Sunni voters unsure ahead of Lebanon poll" 11433:"After elections in Lebanon, does political change stand a chance?" 9214: 7340: 6532: 6493: 6284: 6272: 6142: 5705:

English is increasingly used in science and business interactions.

5571: 5535: 5306: 5149: 5045:

personally or because of the wider consequences of armed conflict.

3660: 3553: 3406: 3185: 3102: 2849: 2773: 2194: 2191: 2179: 2021: 2017: 1924: 1839: 1761: 1360: 1144: 1036: 874: 802: 18005: 15824: 13172:"Mediterranean gas sends sparks flying between Lebanon and Israel" 11544:"Death toll from Lebanon migrant boat climbs to 73, minister says" 11452:"Hezbollah allies projected to suffer losses in Lebanon elections" 10748:"Lebanon Protesters Found Strength in Unity, Ditched Sectarianism" 9737:"Syria Involved in Killing Lebanon's Ex-Premier, U.N. Report Says" 9712:(Press release). United Nations – Security Council. 7 April 2005. 6894:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Lebanon)" 5836:(2.2%), exposure to unspecified factor, unspecified place (2.1%), 5641: 5256: 5178: 3659:

researchers witnessed the open burning of dumps in al-Qantara and

3464:

and empties into the Mediterranean Sea north of Tyre. Lebanon has

2012:

and destruction of the Crusader state, the County of Tripoli, 1289

1835:, the latter which the land of present-day Lebanon was a part of. 1769: 20862: 20837: 20827: 20790: 20775: 20665: 20630: 20620: 20615: 20398: 20388: 20362: 20347: 20322: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20023: 19952: 19932: 19872: 19862: 19857: 19702: 19694: 19437: 19352: 19217: 19207: 18854: 15858:"Are the Druze People Arabs or Muslims? Deciphering Who They Are" 15215:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East: L to Z

15086: 15060: 12657:. United States Institute of Peace. 22 March 2009. Archived from 11768:

Egyptian Journal of Geology – Volume 42, Issue 1 – Page 263, 1998

10839:"Nationwide Protests Erupt in Lebanon as Economic Crisis Deepens" 10778:"Protesters march from Al Nour Square to Central Bank in Tripoli" 10188:"Feuding Political Camps in Lebanon Agree to Talk to End Impasse" 7875:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad; Najem, Tom (2021).

7667:

Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2006).

7086:

Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2006).

6536: 6497: 6295:

is held every fall, drawing top runners from Lebanon and abroad.

6280: 6276: 6208: 6200: 6188: 5908: 5590: 5480: 5396: 5378: 5272: 5222: 5204: 5168: 5010: 4991: 4576:

Male homosexuality is illegal in Lebanon. Discrimination against

4559: 4137: 3784:

were forbidden to work in over 70 jobs because they did not have

3577: 3461: 3402: 3154:

on 10 August 2020, nonetheless continuing to stay in office in a

2877:

United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission

2768:, Hezbollah actively engaged in combat against Israel as well as 1765: 1730: 1726: 1618:

in 1102, encompassed most of present-day Lebanon, falling to the

1560: 335: 17647: 17474: 16360: 16235: 14516:"Personnel | Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory" 13726:"Lebanon goes to the polls amid its worst-ever financial crisis" 12313:

Exportation plan was Lebanon's only option. Envitonment Minister

11573:

Bassam, Laila; Gebeily, Maya; Azhari, Timour (31 January 2023).

8906:

Out of the Middle East: The Emergence of an Arab Global Business

4438:

for the first time in over 35 years. Lebanon is a member of the

1705:, a seafaring people based in the coastal strip of the northern 20950: 20877: 20867: 20735: 20725: 20700: 20690: 20650: 20393: 20302: 20297: 19957: 19922: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19877: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19493: 19417: 19382: 19317: 19297: 19287: 19247: 19232: 19227: 18968: 18956: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18859: 16489:

United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports

15172:"Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon" 14679:. Center for the Study of the Built Environment. Archived from 10974:"Roadblocks across Lebanon as anger rises over Diab pick as PM" 9205:

Middle East International No 315, 19 December 1987, Publishers

8810:"Lebanon Exiled and suffering: Palestinian refugees in Lebanon" 6776:"Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon" 6378:

who were able to earn the Asian and Arab championships before.

6352: 6288: 6253: 6204: 6112:

holidays. Christian holidays are celebrated following both the

6038: 6027: 5916: 5912: 5900: 5575: 5472: 5360: 5133: 5115: 4947: 4845: 4798: 4741: 4718: 4698: 4530: 4150: 4009: 3764:

considered Lebanon to be among only two (together with Israel)

3630: 3342:

to the west, a 375 kilometres (233 mi) border shared with

3121: 2976: 2461:

In May 1948, Lebanon supported neighboring Arab countries in a

2455: 2435:

of 1943 required that its president be Maronite Christian, its

2038: 2009: 1994: 1904: 1891: 1812: 1710: 1706: 1698: 1671: 1653: 1645: 1552: 1077: 1065: 1057: 1045: 274: 233: 21630:

Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language

20115: 19684: 18807: 16131:

In Search of a Prophet: A Spiritual Journey with Kahlil Gibran

14058: 12914:"Lebanese parliament extends own term till 2017 amid protests" 12596:

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (31 March 2003).

11787:

Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan – Middle East: region in transition

11315:"Gunbattles erupt during protest of Beirut blast probe; 6 die" 11039:"Lebanon Looks to China as US, Arabs Refuse to Help in Crisis" 10219:"Lebanese rivals set to elect president after historic accord" 9772:

United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine

8490:"Writing the Boundary: "Khitat al-Shăm" by Muhammad Kurd ʹAli" 8452:

Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State Under the Mandate

8117:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C. (2021). "Chronology; Introduction".

7546:. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 0–220. 6175:

Lebanese cuisine is similar to those of many countries in the

3601:

Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests

3194:

scheduled general election expected to be delayed indefinitely

2729:, aiming to support Lebanese forces in driving out the PLO. A 1850:

established a monastic tradition focused on the importance of

21534: 21524: 21514: 20908: 20892: 20842: 20817: 20785: 20750: 20680: 20675: 20640: 20568: 20403: 20372: 20357: 20352: 20337: 20312: 20287: 20019: 19947: 19942: 19917: 19912: 19902: 19882: 19793: 19757: 19747: 19601: 19442: 19402: 19377: 19357: 19292: 19267: 19257: 19242: 18978: 18951: 18941: 18864: 18237:

A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered

15603:"Iraqi refugees in Lebanon 'left behind, forgotten': charity" 15143:"Lebanon : Overview Minority Rights Group International" 14769:"Impact of the July Offensive on the Public Finances in 2006" 12041: 8208:

the Druze had been able to live in harmony with the Christian

6228: 6212: 6211:

wheat. Lebanese restaurant meals begin with a wide array of

6192: 6180: 5971: 5476: 5468: 5290: 5030: 4733: 4702: 4427: 4423: 3907: 3398: 3343: 3281:

in September 2024, the conflict escalated severely, with the

3079: 3059: 2857: 2696: 2660: 2366: 2354: 2198: 2029: 1978: 1945: 1912: 1847: 1773: 1722: 1714: 1099:. After the 7th century, it came under the rule of different 1053: 20582:

Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

18171:("The Baath and Lebanon"). Beirut: Dar-al-Tali'a Books, 1973 15181:. Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. 13050:"IntelBrief: Lebanon Election Shakes Up Political Landscape" 12775:"Freedom in the World, Country Ratings by Region, 1972–2013" 12559:"Lebanon's economic crisis is wrecking the environment, too" 11512:

Mello, Charbel; Kourdi, Eyad; Alberti, Mia (24 April 2022).

11346:

Lebanon enters the new year in a deepening crisis - BBC News

10341:"Hezbollah Threatens an 'Explosion' in Beirut Over Tribunal" 10153: 6785:. Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. 6704:"The Political Values of Lebanese Maronite College Students" 6558:, Lebanese legislator and Minister of Economy and Commerce; 4943: 3663:. On Sunday 13 October 2019 at night, a series of about 100 2979:, the most important Sunni center in Lebanon, leading to an 2535:. Beirut was also nicknamed "the Paris of the Middle East." 105:"Lebanese Republic" redirects here. Not to be confused with 21591:‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement 20857: 20795: 20765: 20715: 20710: 20660: 20327: 20292: 19737: 19712: 19452: 19362: 19327: 19282: 19277: 19186: 18913: 18874: 18869: 14577:"The Bizarre Tale of the Middle East's First Space Program" 14115:"Lebanese farmers face toughening crisis – DW – 06/15/2021" 13545:"Human rights group urges Lebanon to abolish anti-LGBT law" 12598:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2002: Lebanon" 12416:"Will short-term solution help Lebanon solve trash crisis?" 10653:"Lebanese govt to charge USD 0.20 a day for WhatsApp calls" 10595:"Protests erupt over taxes as govt races to wrap up budget" 9412:"Fighting erupts in Lebanon after rockets hit Jewish state" 8977:. British Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Archived from 7115:"All at sea: The maritime lives of the ancient Phoenicians" 6370:

3 times in a row. Dominant basketball teams in Lebanon are

6267:

in the afternoon. At the competitive level, basketball and

6220: 6216: 6037:

are rapidly advancing in popularity. Lebanese artists like

5815: 5751:

required to follow a prescribed curriculum designed by the

5324: 4914: 4481: 4403: 3891:) which are further subdivided into twenty-five districts ( 3642:

The plan also stipulates the establishment of landfills in

3105:, but quickly expanded into a country-wide condemnation of 2800: 2639: 2358: 2105: 1315: 983: 965: 959: 313: 14802:"Saudi Arabia Key Contributor To Lebanon's Reconstruction" 14230: 13971: 11686:"Mapping 11 months of Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks" 10685:"Protests erupt in Lebanon over plans to impose new taxes" 10154:

Martínez, Beatriz; Francesco Volpicella (September 2008).

8341: 7442: 6291:

are among the other common leisure sports in Lebanon. The

3548:

In ancient times, Lebanon was covered by large forests of

3456:

foremost of which is the 145 kilometres (90 mi) long

3365:

Lebanon from space. Snow cover can be seen on the western

2672:

grounds that the cease-fire was only relevant to Lebanon.

2632:

calling for immediate Israeli withdrawal and creating the

2291:, the kingdom was dissolved. Around the same time, at the 1949:, or poll tax levied on non-Muslims. During the 980s, the 1943:

rule. Christians and Jews were often obligated to pay the

1307:) meaning "white", apparently from its snow-capped peaks. 971: 21371:"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries 17705:"Samoa beats Lebanon to be last team in league world cup" 17479:

New media in the Muslim world: the emerging public sphere

17027:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East

16028:. Institute for Comparative Survey Research. March 2015. 14621:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

12216: 12018:

Semaan, M. & Haber, R. 2003. In situ conservation on

11812:"Israel's Withdrawal from Lebanon Given UN's Endorsement" 7874: 7282: 5735: 4859: 3506:

created by the high peaks of the western mountain range.

2879:

published preliminary findings on 20 October 2005 in the

2817:

In the same month, the Lebanese Parliament agreed to the

2790:’s second term as president drew to an end, the Lebanese 2655:(SLA), a Christian militia under the leadership of Major 2562: 1780:, imposed tribute and attacked non-compliant cities. The 1551:

of 1920. Its territory was in the core of the Bronze Age

1547:

The borders of contemporary Lebanon are a product of the

1297: 894: 21660:

Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

18205:

History of Syria Including Lebanon and Palestine, Vol. 2

16891:"Health Reform In Lebanon: Key Achievements at a glance" 15663:"Sudanese jobless in Lebanon risk life on Israel border" 15264:. Lebanese Information Center Lebanon. 14 January 2013. 15120:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

15091:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

14992: 14490:"Rammal Award attribution by the Euroscience Foundation" 12498:"الحريري يستغيث بأوروبا.. حرائق مهولة تلتهم أحراج لبنان" 12062: 11254:"Lebanon forms new government, ending 13-month standoff" 10944:"Lebanese president asks Hassan Diab to form government" 10565:"Protests spread across Lebanon over proposed new taxes" 10081:

Zisser, Eyal (2011), Bengio, Ofra; Litvak, Meir (eds.),

9076:, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984), pp. 202, 279. 4488:

coordination with public and humanitarian institutions.

3605:

Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests

2956:

led by groups opposed to the pro-Western Prime Minister

2887:

Post-war revolution and spillover of the Syrian conflict

2875:

called for an investigation into the assassination. The

2458:'s position as a regional center for finance and trade. 2104:, with governance administered indirectly through local 17214: 16968:"From kebabs to fattoush – keeping Lebanon's food safe" 15205: 12354:"Sierra Leone denies agreement to accept Lebanon waste" 11608:"Lebanon devalues official exchange rate by 90 percent" 10251:"Hezbollah and allies topple Lebanese unity government" 7666: 7085: 5777:(#2 in the Middle East as of 2022 and #226 worldwide), 4740:'s Campus of Innovation and Sports on Damascus Street, 4651:

largest proportion of skilled labor among Arab States.

2310:, was officially established under French control as a 1667:

was the first to become sedentary at around 12000 BC.

1412:) in 1920, and eventually in the name of the sovereign 1174:

in 1940. By 1943, Lebanon had gained independence from

19181: 16606:. Université Saint-Joseph. 6 July 2006. Archived from 15546:"Lebanon starts to feel the pinch of financial crisis" 12500:[Massive fires devour the forest of Lebanon]. 12323:

Sukleen defends itself against corruption allegations.

9374:"Dozens Are Killed As Israelis Attack Camp in Lebanon" 8561: 6321:

reaching the quarter-finals, narrowly losing 24–22 to

6301:

is a relatively new but growing sport in Lebanon. The

5907:, and then subsequently conquered and occupied by the 5670:

is to be used". The majority of Lebanese people speak

3629:, to export over 100,000 tons of untreated waste from 2150:, as a result of a European-Ottoman treaty called the 18222:. Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1987. 17846:"Team Lebanon Profile – 2010 FIBA World Championship" 17822:. London2012.fiba.com. 23 August 2011. Archived from 17222:

Media, sex, violence, and drugs in the global village

17215:

Kamalipour, Yahya; Rampal Kuldip (15 November 2001).

15685: 12992:"Will Lebanon's new electoral law end the stalemate?" 12628:

Geopolitics: the geography of international relations

10089:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 145–161, 10045: 10043: 10041: 8787: 8775: 8763: 8270:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 53. 7492:

The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series

2921:

fire on targets in Lebanon, and a ground invasion of

2636:(UNIFIL), charged with attempting to establish peace. 2325: 1650:

the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world

1310:

Occurrences of the name have been found in different

1004: 986: 980: 974: 968: 18299:

profiles of people and institutions provided by the

18220:

Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon

18095:

Coogan, Michael D.; Smith, Mark S. (15 March 2012).

17225:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 16231: 16229: 15990:"Study shows stable Christian population in Lebanon" 13485:"The countries where homosexuality is still illegal" 12861:"Eager Lebanese race to polls to cast their ballots" 12707:

Lijphart, Arend (1969). "Consociational Democracy".

12273: 12210: 9615:

and 22 others and gouging a deep crater in the road.

8566:. Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn. Archived from 8413:

The Origins of the Lebanese National Idea, 1840–1920

7621: 7544:

The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788

6618: 6517: 6424: 3172:

killed 28 people. September saw the formation of a

3019:

collapsed due to growing tensions stemming from the

2146:, which lasted about 400 years, was replaced by the 1424: 1398: 1139:, was established in the 19th century as a home for 1026: 962: 956: 176: 134: 17954:"Football – Competition : Pan Arab Games 1997" 17158: 15006:. Associated Press. 19 January 2010. Archived from 14944:"The 44 Places to Go in 2009 – Interactive Graphic" 14677:"Deconstructing Beirut's Reconstruction: 1990–2000" 12655:"Lebanon's Confessionalism: Problems and Prospects" 12333:

Lebanon trash not fit to produce fuel – Export firm

12056: 11572: 11285:"Power returns to Lebanon after a 24-hour blackout" 10020:"Life set to get harder for Nahr al-Bared refugees" 9630:. CBC News Indepth. 30 January 2007. Archived from 9563:"Lebanese mark uprising against Syria's domination" 9185:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. pp. 171–175. 8711:"Lebanon's Confessionalism: Problems and Prospects" 8060: 7189:. Government of Canada. 28 May 2009. Archived from 5966:is the third best-selling poet of all time, behind 5040:In the last three decades, lengthy and destructive 2216:, later used as a template for the 1920 borders of 953: 17546: 17476: 17475:Dale F. Eickelman; Jon W. Anderson (1 July 2003). 17405: 15770:. New York: Nova Science Publishers. p. 150. 15063:. Embassy of Japan in Lebanon. 12 September 2012. 15000:"Lebanon Says 2009 Was Best on Record for Tourism" 14937: 14913:"Tourist arrivals statistics – Countries Compared" 12828: 11784: 11511: 10038: 9628:"Recent background on Syria's presence in Lebanon" 9502:"Resistance and Liberation Day in Lebanon in 2021" 8717:. United States Institute of Peace. Archived from 7990:Page, Melvin Eugene; Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003). 7950: 7907: 7905: 7739: 7463:The Oxford guide to people and places of the Bible 3314:Lebanon is located in West Asia between latitudes 3046:threatened to spill over in Lebanon, causing more 1690:fishing communities who lived on the shore of the 21064:OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37 18239:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. 18008:. International Olympic Committee. 26 June 2012. 16306:"Campaign to save the Arabic language in Lebanon" 16226: 15404:"Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce" 15347:"Tenacity and risk – the Lebanese in West Africa" 14974:"Ministry of Tourism :: Destination Lebanon" 14966: 11222:"Lebanon fuel tanker explosion kills at least 28" 11162:"Lebanon's government resigns after Beirut blast" 8534: 8359:Lebanon: war and politics in a fragmented society 7568:"How it all began - A concise history of Lebanon" 7521:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 178. 7516: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7140: 6697: 6695: 6578:, Editor in Chief of "An Nahar" newspaper. 2006: 3086: 21665:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean 21606: 17338:Arab filmmakers of the Middle East: a dictionary 16089: 16087: 16085: 15808:. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 15749:"Based on data published by Lebanon Demographic" 15253: 15251: 15249: 15247: 15118:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 15031:"Hospitality revenues plunge 40 percent in 2011" 14799: 14731: 14729: 13998:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 12649: 12647: 12413: 12132:"Lebanon begins landmark reforestation campaign" 11870:, p. 3, Florence, Italy: Casa Editrice Bonechi. 11716:"Do Lebanon explosions violate the laws of war?" 11192:"Lebanon threatened with total darkness: Ghajar" 10808:"Protesters block Karakoul Druze-Mar Elias road" 10360:"Syrian War Plays Out Along a Street in Lebanon" 9183:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 9038:Ze'ev Schiff; Ehud Yaʼari; Ina Friedman (1985). 9014:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8356: 7627: 2488:'s presidency, Lebanon experienced economic boom 2407: 2235:Lebanon experienced profound devastation in the 1874:occupied what is now Lebanon from 619 till 629. 1182:, with the state's major religious groups being 21325:Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement 18259:Official Government of Lebanon information site 18099:. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. 17021: 17019: 16453:"The Global Information Technology Report 2013" 16394: 15141:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 15028: 14877: 14875: 14609:, Brill Academic Pub (August 1, 1997), page 154 14444:ago·, M. Srour·People·2 years (15 March 2019). 13981:, archived from the original on 27 October 2005 13267:"US military aid at stake in Lebanon elections" 12799: 12769: 12767: 12706: 11789:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 85–159. 10185: 9960: 9620: 8416:. University of California Press. p. 287. 7902: 7517:Bienkowski, Piotr; Millard, Alan Ralph (2000). 5674:, which is grouped in a larger category called 5009:As of 2012, Lebanon was host to over 1,600,000 4962:are spread throughout the world, especially in 4858:The tourism industry accounts for about 10% of 4554:institutions, shall be divided equally between 3775:electoral democratic country in the Middle East 3283:23 September 2024 Israeli airstrikes on Lebanon 3279:explosion of Lebanese pagers and walkie talkies 2314:, following the terms outlined in the proposed 2186:, which had been created as a homeland for the 1858:near the Mediterranean mountain range known as 1842:, became a major center of Christianity in the 1170:. French rule weakened significantly after the 27:Country on the East coast of the Mediterranean. 21351:Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity 18230:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades 18062:"Past Festivals « Lebanon Water Festival" 17982:. FRANCE 24. 27 September 2009. Archived from 17585:. Lebanese Ministry of Tourism. Archived from 17159:Sheehan, Sean; Latif Zawiah (30 August 2007). 17073:"Media Art Net | Ra'ad, Walid: Biography" 16656:"American University of Beirut (AUB) Rankings" 16154: 15918:. Central Intelligence Agency, United States. 14828:"Donors pledge over $ 940 million for Lebanon" 14774:. Lebanese Ministry of Finance. Archived from 13515:"Lebanon: No Justification for LGBT Crackdown" 12679: 12126: 12124: 11947: 10627:"Lebanon scraps WhatsApp tax as protests rage" 9288:. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from 8321:. University of California Press. p. 94. 7989: 7461:Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (2004). 7137: 6814: 6812: 6692: 5846:International Organization for Standardization 3476:and run through the steep gorges and into the 3460:that rises in the Beqaa Valley to the west of 3354:is disputed by Lebanon in a small area called 2659:backed by Israel. The Israeli Prime Minister, 2477:. This was Lebanon's only success in the war. 1269:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 21231: 20554: 20131: 19825: 19670: 19167: 18823: 18334: 18155:L’idée de langue libanaise d’après Sa‘īd ‘Aql 18117:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War 17607: 17547:Carter, Terry; Dunston Lara (1 August 2004). 17513: 17511: 16912: 16910: 16885: 16883: 16158:Hamra of Beirut: A Case of Rapid Urbanization 16082: 15941:«El santo padre sigue de visita en el Líbano» 15244: 14883:"Lebanon's tourists: Can they be lured back?" 14726: 14701: 13840: 13838: 13142:"Lebanese forces may play bigger role in war" 13018:"Lebanon's New Cabinet: Up to the Challenge?" 12911: 12793: 12644: 12472:"Lebanon: No Action to Enforce New Waste Law" 12162:"Forest and landscape restoration in Lebanon" 10269: 10243: 9854:Myre, Greg; Erlanger, Steven (12 July 2006). 8812:. Amnesty International. 2007. Archived from 7957:. Vintage Books (Random House). p. 305. 7460: 7416:(2nd ed.). McFarland. pp. 214–216. 7216:"Lebanon- Human development report 2021/2022" 7027:, Central Intelligence Agency, 2 March 2023, 4685: 4407:United Nations Lebanon headquarters in Beirut 3599:Lebanon contains two terrestrial ecoregions: 2508:In 1958, during the last months of President 2376:After the fighting ended in Lebanon, General 21341:Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation 21084: 17517: 17152: 17016: 16268: 15768:Economics and Geopolitics of the Middle East 15667:Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World 15211: 15105: 14872: 14737:"Lebanon Economic Report: 2nd quarter, 2006" 14323:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 14081: 13846:The Scientific Series in Geography, Grade 11 13422:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 13357: 13355: 13353: 13294:"The Future of U.S. Military Aid to Lebanon" 12830:"Lebanon Gives Palestinians New Work Rights" 12764: 12035: 10715:"Lebanon: WhatsApp tax sparks mass protests" 10387: 10385: 10357: 10181: 10179: 10177: 9853: 9794: 9594:"Language of murder makes itself understood" 8893:. February 21, 2020, Accessed 21 April 2023. 8522:"Youssef KARAM, I b. May 1823 d. 7 Apr 1889" 8317:; Debevoise, Malcolm; Kassir, Samir (2010). 8166: 8141: 7599:"The Making of Lebanon's October Revolution" 6888: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6614: 6612: 6309:, and narrowly missed qualification for the 5781:(#17 in the region and #802-850 worldwide), 5620:primarily live in Eastern Beirut and around 3892: 3417:that runs for most of the country's length. 2690:Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1983: 1345: 1266: 1115:. The 11th century saw the establishment of 899: 582:10,452 km (4,036 sq mi) ( 167: 119: 21039: 18097:Stories from Ancient Canaan, Second Edition 18094: 17601: 16923:. Ministry of Public Health. Archived from 16896:. Ministry of Public Health. Archived from 15806:International Religious Freedom Report 2010 15796: 15794: 15792: 15790: 14623:. Cambridge University Press. p. 231. 14618: 14474:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 14175:"The Next Big Lebanon-Israel Flare-Up: Gas" 13572:The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists 13361: 13232: 13135: 13133: 12887:"Democratic Governance, Elections, Lebanon" 12393:"Trash arrives at Naameh under Army escort" 12121: 11978: 10902:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10393:"Syria Regional Refugee Response – Lebanon" 8733: 8448: 7821:. Destinationlebanon.gov.lb. Archived from 7448: 7156:. U.S. Department of State. 22 March 2010. 6809: 4625:Investment Development Authority of Lebanon 3842: 3330:. Its land straddles the "northwest of the 2929:. The conflict was officially ended by the 2844:On 14 February 2005, former Prime Minister 2604:agreed to establish a predominantly Syrian 2538: 2496:fled to Lebanon because of the war. Israel 2212:1862 map drawn by the French expedition of 1080:is the country's capital and largest city. 21680:States and territories established in 1943 21238: 21224: 21052:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 20561: 20547: 20168: 20138: 20124: 19832: 19818: 19677: 19663: 19174: 19160: 18830: 18816: 18341: 18327: 18232:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 17980:"Nine days of sport and culture in Beirut" 17794:"2009 Rugby League European Cup Flashback" 17508: 17341:. Indiana University Press. pp. 26–. 17049:. Kaftoun.com. 2 July 2010. Archived from 16907: 16880: 15886: 15592:Chapter II, Section B. Emigration Pre-1943 15463:"10 biggest Lebanese diaspora communities" 15428: 14320:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 13861:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 13835: 13805:"Why protesters firebomb banks in Lebanon" 13685:"The world's worst central banker retires" 13428:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 12382:The Daily Star (Lebanon) 16 February 2016. 10562: 9226: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8747:. U.S. Department of State. January 2009. 8487: 8224:. Bar-Ilan University Press. p. 166. 8116: 7702: 7670:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 7286:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2020. 7088:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 6396:. In recent years, Lebanon has hosted the 6317:tournaments. They qualified again for the 3683: 2520:. Chamoun requested assistance, and 5,000 2369:by pressure on the weak Vichy government, 2046:succeeded in temporarily establishing the 1340:). The name occurs nearly 70 times in the 1091:. In 64 BC, the region became part of the 206: 20521:Union of Arab National Olympic Committees 18290:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 18176:Pity the Nation: The Abduction of Lebanon 17614:. Gospel Light Publications. p. 48. 17334: 16997:Reader, The MIT Press (19 January 2023). 16746:"Saint Joseph University of Beirut (USJ)" 16361:Jean-Benoît Nadeau, Julie Barlow (2006). 16236:Jean-Benoît Nadeau, Julie Barlow (2008). 15979:. Consultado el 15 de septiembre de 2012. 13890:. washingtoninstitute.org. Archived from 13627: 13625: 13623: 13415: 13388: 13350: 13299:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 13264: 12250: 12104: 10513: 10495: 10472: 10462: 10451:The International Journal of Human Rights 10382: 10186:Worth, Robert; Nada Bakri (16 May 2008). 10174: 8881:"Switzerland of the Middle East unravels" 8834: 8828: 8442: 8403: 8375: 8247: 7187:Canadian International Development Agency 7177: 7175: 7081: 7079: 6879: 6621:"Article 11 of the Lebanese Constitution" 6609: 6271:are among Lebanon's most popular sports. 6093: 5755:. Some of the 1400 private schools offer 4728: 4149:Beirut Governorate comprises the city of 2762:financially supported and trained by Iran 2580:that separated west and east Beirut, 1982 1815:had the region of Syria annexed into the 1535:Learn how and when to remove this message 1318:, and three of the twelve tablets of the 750: 93:Learn how and when to remove this message 21245: 18292:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 17672: 17290:"Cairo: the Hollywood of the Arab World" 17217:"Between Globalization and Localization" 17198:, Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2006, p. 372 17097: 16420: 16127: 15787: 15765: 15061:"Lebanese Cuisine With a Japanese Twist" 14976:. Lebanon-tourism.gov.lb. Archived from 14695: 14637: 14446:"6 Lebanese Geniuses That Make Us Proud" 14257:"The Gulf, Lebanon and The War on Drugs" 13767:"Lebanon is experiencing a tourism boom" 13563: 13364:"The Lebanese Legal System and Research" 13318: 13291: 13130: 13098: 13082:. Localiban. 17 May 2017. Archived from 11780: 11778: 11776: 11774: 10836: 10281:"Resignations Deepen Crisis for Lebanon" 10216: 9371: 9180: 8346:. Beirut: Librarie du Liban. p. 74. 8252:. Montserrat Abbey Library. p. 25. 7911: 7808:, 1991, volume 17, issue 17/1, pp. 47–57 7465:. Oxford University Press. p. 178. 6374:, who are the Arab and Asian champions, 6343: 6244: 6022: 5974:. He is particularly known for his book 5877: 5814: 5789:(#2 in Lebanon and #631-640 worldwide), 5785:(#17 in the region and #501 worldwide), 5734: 5441: 4982:. Large numbers of Lebanese migrated to 4942: 4840: 4803: 4780: 4732: 4601: 4506: 4463: 4402: 4121: 3806: 3697: 3613: 3535: 3523: 3448:The mountains of Lebanon are drained by 3360: 3298: 3170:large fuel explosion in northern Lebanon 3115: 2994: 2909:launched a series of rocket attacks and 2835: 2805: 2685: 2638: 2571: 2479: 2391: 2329: 2207: 2088: 1999: 1802: 1640: 21387:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 17650:. Beirutmarathon.org. 19 October 2003. 17583:"Lebanon Summer & Winter Festivals" 17518:Sheehan, Sean; Latif (30 August 2007). 16960: 16543:. Lebanon Opportunities. Archived from 16128:Chandler, Paul-Gordon (15 April 2023). 16093: 15431:"Australian Population: Ethnic Origins" 15377:"Ivory Coast – The Levantine Community" 15079: 14704:"Lebanon: Tourism Depends on Stability" 13242:. Lebanese Armed Forces. Archived from 13139: 13106:"Lebanese Armed Forces, CSIS (Page 78)" 12474:. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2018. 12274:chronicle.fanack.com (11 August 2015). 11282: 11132:"Beirut explosion: What we know so far" 10311:"Hezbollah chief: Israel killed Hariri" 8962: 8855: 8494:Concept Of Territory In Islamic Thought 8335: 7912:Sorenson, David S. (12 November 2009). 7660: 7488:"The Pronunciation of Ancient Egyptian" 7278:"Lebanon: Why the country is in crisis" 7048: 6916: 6825:. Presidency of Lebanon. Archived from 6701: 6645: 5885:is considered among the best preserved 5864:led to the hospital's closure in 1982. 5686:is the language of the Deaf community. 5608:primarily live in Southern Beirut, the 4680:International Air Transport Association 4663:in Lebanon employs 20-25% of the total 2634:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 2620:occupied most of the area south of the 2365:would gain full control of Lebanon and 1741:are credited with the invention of the 1245:and globally, powered primarily by the 1087:, a maritime empire that stretched the 14: 21607: 18113: 17902:Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation 17287: 16996: 16485:"Human development indicators Lebanon" 16181: 15169: 14800:Joseph S. Mayton (28 September 2007). 14544: 14015: 14013: 14011: 14009: 13761: 13759: 13720: 13718: 13620: 13452: 13269:. Agence France-Presse. Archived from 12621: 12619: 12217:Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). 11906: 11848:. Lebanese ministry of the environment 11840: 11809: 11696:from the original on 19 September 2024 11602: 11600: 11066: 11064: 11033: 11031: 10954:from the original on 17 September 2020 10871: 10742: 10740: 10725:from the original on 17 September 2020 10444: 10417: 10080: 10026:from the original on 22 September 2011 9930:from the original on 31 December 2023. 9765: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9265:from the original on 10 September 2011 9259:"Lebanon: Haven for foreign militants" 8941: 8804: 8802: 8793: 8781: 8769: 8535:Saadi, Abdul-Ilah (12 February 2008). 8191: 8035: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8025: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7819:"Archaeological Virtual Tours: Byblos" 7687:from the original on 23 September 2023 7541: 7172: 7160:from the original on 14 September 2019 7076: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6773: 6223:. In general, meals are finished with 3556:caused by the long dry summer season. 3520:Marine environmental issues in Lebanon 3377:Lebanon is divided into four distinct 3027:, the candidate for the Hezbollah-led 2944:refugee camp became the center of the 2725:attacks from Lebanon on Israel led to 2553:Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon 1249:. Lebanon is a founding member of the 1135:, the first Lebanese proto-state, the 1035: 21219: 20542: 20119: 19813: 19658: 19155: 18811: 18798: 18442:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon 18415:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon 18322: 18147: 18072:from the original on 5 September 2015 17960:from the original on 10 November 2013 17956:. Footballdatabase.eu. 27 July 1997. 17654:from the original on 22 February 2011 17483:. Indiana University Press. pp. 17196:Comparing Media from Around the World 16477: 16286:from the original on 29 December 2008 16052:"Miracles are on the rise in Lebanon" 15922:from the original on 13 February 2024 15908: 15812:from the original on 13 December 2019 15637:UNHCR – United Nations Refugee Agency 15327:from the original on 31 December 2019 15067:from the original on 27 December 2012 14547:"Lebanon's forgotten space programme" 14395:from the original on 2 September 2021 14267:from the original on 28 December 2023 14211:from the original on 10 November 2013 14039:from the original on 25 December 2023 13823:from the original on 25 December 2023 13785:from the original on 24 December 2023 13744:from the original on 25 December 2023 13190:from the original on 25 December 2023 12998:from the original on 3 September 2017 12936: 12826: 12625: 12604:from the original on 25 February 2021 12577:from the original on 25 December 2023 12526: 12478:from the original on 24 February 2019 12403:from the original on 25 November 2018 12286:from the original on 3 September 2015 12164:. Sundance Institute. 29 April 2016. 12063:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). 11983:. Inter Press Service. Archived from 11981:"Global Warming Makes Mischief Worse" 11972: 11834: 11771: 11648:from the original on 13 February 2024 11524:from the original on 30 November 2023 11264:from the original on 17 February 2022 10984:from the original on 21 December 2019 10924:from the original on 21 December 2019 10695:from the original on 25 December 2019 10544:from the original on 30 December 2018 10291:from the original on 10 November 2012 10275: 10210: 10198:from the original on 11 December 2008 9994:"Israeli warplanes hit Beirut suburb" 9747:from the original on 18 December 2014 9560: 9422:from the original on 18 December 2019 9283: 9239:from the original on 18 February 2017 8902: 8481: 8409: 8265: 8219: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8081:from the original on 5 September 2015 7971:from the original on 5 September 2015 7648:from the original on 16 February 2024 7430:from the original on 5 September 2015 6942: 6649:Language and Society: An Introduction 6183:, a meat pie made from finely minced 6104:Lebanon celebrates national and both 5467:. The Lebanese government counts its 4998:). Australia is home to over 270,000 4954:is the most populous city in Lebanon. 3753:and the Deputy Speaker of Parliament 3111:stagnant economy and liquidity crisis 2893:Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon 1614:of the County of Tripoli, founded by 1184:apportioned specific political powers 454:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon 20455:Arab League–European Union relations 18962:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 18799: 18348: 17934:from the original on 5 November 2013 17715:from the original on 31 January 2014 17456:from the original on 2 November 2011 17387:from the original on 17 January 2013 17355:from the original on 18 October 2013 16990: 16521:from the original on 17 January 2013 16433:from the original on 2 December 2012 16155:Khalaf; Kongstad (7 November 2022). 16070:from the original on 29 October 2023 16014: 15868:from the original on 20 October 2019 15673:from the original on 30 October 2021 15643:from the original on 10 October 2012 15578:. Hamline University. Archived from 15556:from the original on 30 October 2021 15357:from the original on 2 December 2012 15297:from the original on 15 January 2013 15232:from the original on 19 October 2013 15218:. Infobase Publishing. p. 406. 14834:from the original on 12 January 2012 14714:from the original on 13 January 2012 14587:from the original on 8 December 2023 14557:from the original on 18 October 2023 14545:Hooper, Richard (14 November 2013). 14456:from the original on 18 October 2023 14443: 14345:from the original on 22 October 2023 14316: 14279: 14249: 14223: 14155:from the original on 3 February 2014 14125:from the original on 12 January 2024 14095:from the original on 16 January 2013 13703:from the original on 2 February 2024 13639:from the original on 16 January 2013 13370:from the original on 17 January 2013 13338:from the original on 10 October 2017 13220:from the original on 29 January 2024 13030:from the original on 6 February 2019 12981:Daily Star (Lebanon) 11 January 2016 12954:from the original on 31 October 2016 12808:from the original on 8 December 2022 12781:from the original on 21 October 2013 12539:from the original on 22 October 2019 12529:"الأمطار تشارك في إطفاء حرائق لبنان" 12364:from the original on 11 January 2016 12343:Environmentalists – Keep trash here. 12142:from the original on 16 January 2013 11960:from the original on 13 January 2012 11916:. Blue Planet Biomes. Archived from 11894:from the original on 16 January 2013 11554:from the original on 18 October 2023 11480: 11449: 11430: 11353:from the original on 2 February 2022 11325:from the original on 14 October 2021 11295:from the original on 14 October 2021 10818:from the original on 26 October 2019 10788:from the original on 26 October 2019 10257:from the original on 13 January 2011 10049: 9892:from the original on 30 January 2009 9734: 9716:from the original on 22 January 2009 9604:from the original on 16 October 2007 9591: 9573:from the original on 20 January 2013 9353:from the original on 1 December 2017 9162:from the original on 12 January 2024 8708: 8655: 8622: 8528: 8381: 8067:. Psychology Press. pp. 20–21. 8010:from the original on 12 October 2017 7932:from the original on 12 October 2017 7752:from the original on 10 January 2022 7596: 7409: 7391:from the original on 8 February 2023 7348:from the original on 16 October 2018 7125:from the original on 27 October 2023 7031:from the original on 11 January 2021 6992:from the original on 17 January 2013 6957:United Nations Development Programme 6904:from the original on 17 October 2023 6680:from the original on 11 January 2021 6627:from the original on 16 January 2013 4990:(home to over 100,000 Lebanese) and 4392: 3203:In May 2022, Lebanon held its first 2704: controlled by Christian groups 2371:sent its army into Syria and Lebanon 2100:In 1516, Lebanon became part of the 1870:that lasted for many centuries, the 1676:oldest continuously inhabited cities 1473:adding citations to reliable sources 1444: 1336:; it had no letter corresponding to 46: 21670:Member states of the United Nations 20570:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 18194:Gorton, TJ and Feghali Gorton, AG. 18042:from the original on 17 August 2015 17468: 17288:Dajani, Karen Finlon (1 May 1980). 17269:from the original on 7 October 2021 17256: 17098:Acocella, Joan (31 December 2007). 16806:"Notre Dame University-Louaize NDU" 16604:"125 years of history – A timeline" 16465:from the original on 11 August 2013 16421:Antelava, Natalia (16 April 2009). 16395:Hodeib, Mirella (19 January 2007). 16032:from the original on 5 January 2016 15513: 15489:"Qatar's population by nationality" 15401: 14285: 14091:. Countrystudies.us. 13 June 1978. 14006: 13756: 13715: 13306:from the original on 26 August 2009 13265:Lanteaume, Sylvie (4 August 2009). 13140:Stinson, Jefferey (1 August 2006). 12616: 12452:from the original on 2 October 2018 12188:"Restoring Lebanon's cedar forests" 11941: 11597: 11462:from the original on 5 October 2022 11382:from the original on 5 October 2022 11234:from the original on 22 August 2021 11172:from the original on 5 October 2022 11061: 11028: 10737: 10721:. Deutsche Welle. 10 October 2019. 10496:Tsourapas, Gerasimos (4 May 2019). 10125:"Beirut street clashes turn deadly" 9944:. 27 September 2006. Archived from 9330: 8799: 8350: 8342:Salwa C. Nassar Foundation (1969). 8307: 8289:Library of Congress Country Studies 8171:. Quartet Books. pp. 195–210. 8146:. Quartet Books. pp. 160–161. 8022: 7863: 7578:from the original on 7 January 2018 7519:Dictionary of the ancient Near East 7316:from the original on 19 August 2022 7004: 6510: 6250:Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium 6069: 5787:Université Saint Joseph de Beyrouth 5689:There is also significant presence 4630:Lebanon is now suffering the worst 4584:should not be accepted by society. 4468:Soldiers of the Lebanese army, 2009 3915: 3902: 3888: 3874: 3083:country hosts 1.5 million Syrians. 2860:of the attack, while Syria and the 2813:, prime minister of Lebanon in 1996 2264:emerged victorious in the war, the 2163: 1819:. The area was then split into two 1421: 1394: 1374: 1346: 1322:. The name is recorded in Egypt as 1263:Organization of Islamic Cooperation 1178:and established a distinct form of 1016: 168: 120: 24: 18134:from the original on 20 March 2023 17782:https://www.rlwc2021.com/report/59 17673:Hadfield, Dave (24 October 2000). 17110:from the original on 16 March 2019 17079:from the original on 30 April 2012 16786:from the original on 14 April 2021 16776:"Holy Spirit University of Kaslik" 16726:from the original on 28 April 2022 16696:from the original on 28 April 2022 16666:from the original on 28 April 2022 16002:from the original on 15 April 2013 15691: 15613:from the original on 14 April 2021 15291:"The world's successful diasporas" 15259:"The Lebanese Demographic Reality" 14954:from the original on 22 April 2009 13608:from the original on 25 April 2022 13551:from the original on 14 April 2021 13292:Schenker, David (3 October 2008). 13118:from the original on 5 August 2012 12508:from the original on 14 April 2020 12414:Esperance Ghanem (21 March 2016). 12194:. Share America. 10 January 2017. 12038:"Cedars of Lebanon Nature Reserve" 11618:from the original on 26 March 2023 11142:from the original on 6 August 2020 11112:from the original on 14 April 2021 11082:from the original on 21 March 2021 11049:from the original on 14 April 2021 11012:. 31 December 2019. Archived from 10837:Khraiche, Dana (17 October 2019). 10758:from the original on 3 August 2020 10502:Journal of Global Security Studies 10162:from the original on 23 March 2010 10022:. UN IRIN newsg. 5 November 2008. 10000:from the original on 29 April 2007 9835:from the original on 14 April 2012 9766:Mehlis, Detlev (19 October 2005). 9684:"Last Syrian troops leave Lebanon" 9542:from the original on 14 April 2021 9482:from the original on 14 April 2021 9452:from the original on 14 April 2021 9392:from the original on 14 April 2021 8590:"Glossary: Cross-Channel invasion" 8093: 8064:The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives 7542:stefan, winter (25 October 2012). 7258:from the original on 13 April 2012 6966:from the original on 13 March 2024 6950:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 6708:The Journal of Conflict Resolution 6646:Simpson, Andrew (2 January 2019). 6388:, whose most successful clubs are 6341:to finish 3rd in the tournament. 6303:Lebanon national rugby league team 5550:are the largest Christian group), 5060:Largest cities or towns in Lebanon 4974:have large expatriate population. 4153:and is not divided into districts. 3532:is the national emblem of Lebanon. 3215:. In the election the Shia Muslim 3148:an explosion at the port of Beirut 2326:Pressure on German-occupied France 1961:religion emerged from a branch of 1745:, which subsequently inspired the 25: 21696: 20996:Economic Cooperation Organization 19840:Countries and territories of the 18252: 18157:, Paris, Geuthner, 2004 (French) 17908:from the original on 1 April 2015 17745:from the original on 19 June 2013 17628:from the original on 21 June 2013 17426:from the original on 20 June 2013 16948:from the original on 9 March 2021 16816:from the original on 18 June 2021 16423:"Armenians jump Lebanon's divide" 16316:from the original on 29 July 2010 15526:from the original on 7 April 2022 15469:from the original on 27 July 2021 15383:from the original on 29 June 2011 15188:from the original on 28 July 2021 15087:"World Population Prospects 2022" 14830:. Reliefweb.int. 31 August 2006. 14421:. 28 October 2013. Archived from 13953:from the original on 9 March 2021 13434:from the original on 25 July 2009 13080:"List of the Lebanese muhafazahs" 12912:Oliver Holmes (5 November 2014). 12841:from the original on 10 June 2017 11412:from the original on 21 July 2023 11283:Mistich, Dave (10 October 2021). 10853:from the original on 27 June 2020 10661:. 17 October 2019. Archived from 10603:. 18 October 2019. Archived from 10399:from the original on 26 June 2013 10217:Abdallah, Hussein (22 May 2008). 9974:from the original on 24 June 2009 9664:from the original on 8 March 2008 9654:"Syria begins Lebanon withdrawal" 8843:from the original on 15 July 2009 8835:al-Issawi, Omar (4 August 2009). 8751:from the original on 6 March 2021 8658:"Who are Lebanon's real friends?" 8469:from the original on 21 June 2013 8430:from the original on 21 June 2013 8295:from the original on 31 July 2018 7782:from the original on 27 June 2021 7720:from the original on 18 June 2021 7494:. Friesian School. Archived from 7290:from the original on 30 July 2020 7222:from the original on 12 July 2022 6930:from the original on 17 July 2021 6792:from the original on 28 July 2021 6750:from the original on 15 July 2023 6325:. This ensured qualification for 6155:Beiteddine International Festival 5768:Saint Joseph University of Beirut 4848:is the tourism hub of the country 4738:Saint Joseph University of Beirut 4678:production, however according to 3445:at 2,814 metres (9,232 ft). 3271:renewed Israel–Hezbollah conflict 2316:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 2247: 2205:" in Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate. 1807:Map of Phoenicia and trade routes 1737:and sending skilled workers. The 1431:) upon its independence in 1943. 1160:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 1152:dissolution of the Ottoman Empire 21650:Member states of the Arab League 20242: 20167: 20158: 20157: 19636: 19625: 19624: 19451: 18987: 18308: 18054: 18024: 18012:from the original on 29 May 2013 17998: 17972: 17946: 17920: 17890: 17864: 17838: 17812: 17800:from the original on 21 May 2013 17786: 17775: 17757: 17727: 17697: 17666: 17640: 17608:Aikman, David (14 August 2009). 17575: 17540: 17438: 17399: 17367: 17328: 17281: 17250: 17208: 17188: 17122: 17091: 17065: 17039: 16934: 16854: 16828: 16798: 16768: 16756:from the original on 15 May 2021 16738: 16708: 16678: 16648: 16622: 16596: 16585: 16559: 16533: 16507: 16445: 16414: 16388: 16354: 16342:from the original on 7 June 2011 16328: 16298: 16256:from the original on 11 May 2011 16175: 16148: 16121: 16044: 15982: 15958: 15934: 15880: 15850: 15759: 15741: 15716: 15655: 15625: 15595: 15568: 15538: 15516:"Arab, Lebanese in Saudi Arabia" 15507: 15481: 15455: 15422: 15395: 15369: 15339: 15309: 15283: 15271:from the original on 31 May 2013 15161: 15134: 15053: 15029:Qiblawi, Tamara (16 July 2011). 15022: 14931: 14905: 14893:from the original on 1 July 2017 14846: 14820: 14793: 14761: 14669: 14612: 14599: 14569: 14538: 14508: 14492:. 5 January 2009. Archived from 14482: 14437: 14407: 14377: 14310: 14298:from the original on 15 May 2024 14197: 14167: 14137: 14107: 14069:from the original on 26 May 2023 14051: 13965: 13935: 13909: 13877: 13851: 13797: 13677: 13651: 13598:""Clean the Streets of Faggots"" 13590: 13579:from the original on 1 July 2022 13537: 13507: 13477: 13446: 13382: 13285: 13258: 13202: 13164: 13152:from the original on 21 May 2010 13072: 13060:from the original on 17 May 2022 13042: 13010: 12984: 12966: 12924:from the original on 6 July 2017 12905: 12879: 12853: 12820: 12743: 12700: 12673: 12589: 12551: 12520: 12490: 12464: 12434: 12385: 12376: 12346: 12298: 12267: 12198:from the original on 25 May 2018 12180: 12168:from the original on 25 May 2018 12154: 12040:. Shoufcedar.org. Archived from 12029: 12012: 11999: 11932: 11880: 11860: 11803: 11762: 11744: 11726: 11708: 11678: 11660: 11630: 11585:from the original on 30 May 2023 11566: 11536: 11505: 11493:from the original on 28 May 2022 11474: 11443: 11424: 11394: 11364: 11337: 11307: 11276: 11246: 11214: 11184: 11154: 11124: 11094: 10996: 10966: 10936: 10910: 10865: 10830: 10800: 10770: 10707: 10677: 10645: 10633:from the original on 3 June 2020 10619: 10587: 10556: 10530: 10489: 10438: 10418:Kverme, Kai (14 February 2013). 10411: 10370:from the original on 1 July 2017 10351: 10333: 10303: 10147: 10117: 10074: 10012: 9986: 9934: 9904: 9878: 9866:from the original on 1 July 2017 9847: 9821: 9759: 9735:Hoge, Warren (20 October 2005). 9728: 9702: 9676: 9646: 9592:Ross, Oakland (9 October 2007). 9585: 9554: 9524: 9512:from the original on 25 May 2021 9494: 9464: 9434: 9404: 9365: 9304: 8923:from the original on 6 June 2024 8837:"Lebanon's Palestinian refugees" 8694:. United Nations. Archived from 8627:. London: Simon & Schuster. 8119:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon 7877:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon 7851:from the original on 11 May 2011 7609:from the original on 27 May 2021 7485: 6702:Khashan, Hilal (December 1990). 6548: 6525: 6441: 6427: 6333:. Lebanon also took part in the 6124:(with the exception of Easter), 5923:, the Arabs, the Crusaders, the 5851: 5795:Holy Spirit University of Kaslik 5739:Innovation and Sports Campus of 5554:4.5%, and very small numbers of 5172: 5162: 5119: 5109: 4917:is a widely employed example of 4674:in Lebanon includes substantial 4515:from Riad El Solh Square, Beirut 3921: 3773:Lebanon is 2023 the second most 3582:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 3381:regions: the coastal plain, the 1449: 949: 775: 774: 749: 727: 726: 708: 707: 675: 674: 656: 655: 218: 186: 147: 51: 21206:As the "Turkish Cypriot State". 20145: 19968:States with limited recognition 18837: 18178:. New York: Nation Books, 2002. 17412:. Berghahn Books. p. 122. 16214:from the original on 7 May 2021 13859:"Header: People, 4th paragraph" 13525:from the original on 6 May 2021 13465:from the original on 8 May 2021 13455:"Legal Research Guide: Lebanon" 13326:"Women In Personal Status Laws" 12527:بيروت, واس- (15 October 2019). 12036:Khaldoun Baz (10 August 2011). 11914:"Lebanon Cedar – Cedrus libani" 11614:. Al Jazeera. 1 February 2023. 11004:"Day 76: New Year's Revolution" 10358:Cave, Damien (23 August 2012). 10317:. 9 August 2010. Archived from 9801:United Nations Security Council 9561:Mroue, Bassem (13 March 2011). 9372:Haberman, Clyde (3 June 1994). 9318:from the original on 3 May 2019 9312:"Qana makes grim history again" 9284:Salem, Paul (1 November 2006). 9277: 9251: 9220: 9199: 9174: 9136: 9124: 9115: 9088: 9079: 9066: 9031: 9022: 8985: 8935: 8896: 8874: 8702: 8692:"History of the United Nations" 8684: 8675: 8649: 8623:Barr, James (27 October 2011). 8616: 8582: 8555: 8514: 8449:Firro, Kais (8 February 2003). 8277: 8259: 8241: 8213: 8185: 8160: 8135: 8054: 7983: 7944: 7893: 7837: 7811: 7794: 7764: 7732: 7590: 7560: 7535: 7510: 7479: 7454: 7403: 7373: 7360: 7328: 7302: 7270: 7234: 7208: 7107: 7042: 6978: 6503: 6147:Baalbeck International Festival 4888: 4747:Lebanon was ranked 92nd in the 3638:have been denied by diplomats. 3480:, the other three arise in the 3393:. The narrow and discontinuous 3238:, led by former prime minister 3048:incidents of sectarian violence 2586:Palestinian militant relocation 2070: 1460:needs additional citations for 1225:, precipitated the collapse of 1209:. It has been classified as an 21620:1943 establishments in Lebanon 20976:Moro National Liberation Front 19566:British Indian Ocean Territory 18196:Lebanon: through Writers' Eyes 18088: 17118:– via www.newyorker.com. 17029:, Facts On File, 2009, p. 406 16716:"Lebanese American University" 16632:. 18 June 2008. Archived from 15916:"Lebanon — The World Factbook" 15724:"Lebanon, Opinion survey 2009" 14915:. NationMaster. Archived from 14385:"Global Innovation Index 2019" 14181:. 6 April 2011. Archived from 13973:United Nations Population Fund 13491:. 12 June 2019. Archived from 12827:Bakri, Nada (17 August 2010). 12504:(in Arabic). 15 October 2019. 10563:Fadi Tawil (17 October 2019). 10445:Janmyr, Maja (16 March 2018). 9109:10.1525/jps.1981.11.1.00p0366x 8745:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 8656:Barr, James (10 August 2020). 8167:Gorton, T.J. (25 April 2013). 8142:Gorton, T.J. (25 April 2013). 7741:"The world's 20 oldest cities" 6959:. 13 March 2024. p. 275. 6844: 6765: 6674:"Lebanon - the World Factbook" 6666: 6639: 6582:, Minister of Industry. 2007: 6486: 6469: 5797:(#600s worldwide as of 2020). 5589:of 2014 put the percentage of 4911:confessional political balance 4773: 4654: 4619:model. Most of the economy is 4565: 3819:, and the Prime Minister, the 3811:One of many protests in Beirut 3509: 3087:National crisis (2019–present) 2948:between the Lebanese Army and 2338:and the states created in 1920 2178:'s subdivisions following the 1877: 212:Location of Lebanon (in green) 13: 1: 20450:Arab League monitors in Syria 19685:Countries and regions in the 17294:Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 16944:. Ministry of Public Health. 15766:Dralonge, Richard N. (2008). 14856:Ain-Al-Yaqeen. Archived from 14804:. Cyprus News. Archived from 13917:"Lebanon – Facts and Figures" 13848:, 110–114. Beirut: Dar Habib. 11810:Philps, Alan (19 June 2000). 10464:10.1080/13642987.2017.1371140 9343:"لبنان.. سنوات الحرب والسلام" 9261:. UN IRIN news. 17 May 2007. 8903:Shair, Kamal (28 July 2006). 8344:Cultural resources in Lebanon 8222:Confrontation and Coexistence 6597: 6151:Byblos International Festival 5957: 5890: 5799:Notre Dame University-Louaize 5775:American University of Beirut 5764:American University of Beirut 4413:European Neighbourhood Policy 3861:Lebanon is divided into nine 3568:, the Jaj Cedar Reserve, the 3176:led by former prime minister 2735:the Israeli siege of the city 2408:Independence from Free France 2299:, signed a few months later. 2172:Cebel-i Lübnan Mutasarrıflığı 2115:In 1590, Druze tribal leader 1957:During the 11th century, the 1697:Lebanon was part of northern 1588:Muslim conquest of the Levant 1383:Cebel-i Lübnan Mutasarrıflığı 1231:high unemployment and poverty 504:• Independence declared 184:"All of us, for our country!" 19784:Southeastern Anatolia Region 18198:. London: Eland Books, 2009. 18114:Morris, Benny (April 2008). 17446:"Lebanon profile – Overview" 17335:Roy Armes (23 August 2010). 16336:"Arabic – a dying language?" 16134:. Rowman & Littlefield. 16098:. In Collelo, Thomas (ed.). 16094:McGowen, Afaf Sabeh (1989). 15465:. StepFEED. 6 January 2016. 15317:"The Arabs of Latin America" 13943:"Facts on Lebanon's economy" 13453:Saliba, Issam (3 May 2012). 13214:Council on Foreign Relations 12994:. Al Jazeera. 15 June 2017. 11979:Alami, Mona (30 July 2009). 10131:. 9 May 2008. Archived from 9536:الموقع الرسمي للجيش اللبناني 9097:Journal of Palestine Studies 8562:Beggiani, Chorbishop Seely. 8539:. Al Jazeera. Archived from 8250:The Druzes and the Maronites 8061:Hillenbrand, Carole (2000). 8038:Lebanon: A History, 600-2011 7847:. About.com. 13 April 2012. 7053:. In Collelo, Thomas (ed.). 7049:McGowen, Afaf Sabeh (1989). 6602: 6406:2009 Jeux de la Francophonie 5783:Lebanese American University 5724: 4399:Foreign relations of Lebanon 3288: 3277:. Starting with the Israeli 3182:sectarian violence in Beirut 3163:caretaker minister of energy 3021:Special Tribunal for Lebanon 2981:intrastate military conflict 2751:a devastating bombing attack 2549:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 2467:Minister of National Defense 2140:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 2016:Following the fall of Roman 1884:Muslim Arabs conquered Syria 1811:In 64 BC, the Roman general 1630: 1385:), continued in the name of 1280: 7: 21625:1943 establishments in Asia 20491:Economic and Social Council 19789:Southern Denkalya Subregion 18420:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 18282:Central Intelligence Agency 17648:"About BMA | Marathon" 17406:Migliorino, Nicola (2008). 16918:"Statistical Bulletin 2011" 14742:. Bank Audi. Archived from 14288:"Lebanon's Valley of Drugs" 13633:"Doing Business in Lebanon" 13391:"The Lebanese Legal System" 12863:. AlArabbia. Archived from 11785:Etheredge, Laura S (2011). 10158:. Transnational Institute. 10052:"Lebanon back to Normalcy?" 10050:Ruff, Abdul (1 June 2008). 9227:Wood, Josh (12 July 2012). 8598:Public Broadcasting Service 8537:"Dreaming of Greater Syria" 8268:Near East/South Asia Report 8036:Harris, William W. (2015). 7951:Dalrymple, William (1997). 7370:. NYU Press, 2011, page 130 6898:International Monetary Fund 6862:Central Intelligence Agency 6820:"The Lebanese Constitution" 6720:10.1177/0022002790034004007 6652:. Oxford University Press. 6519:al-Jumhūriyya al-Lubnāniyya 6518: 6420: 6307:2000 Rugby League World Cup 5655: 5632:, Akkar, Metn, and Beirut ( 5618:Maronite Catholic residents 5413: 4785:Lebanese real GDP 1970–2017 4768:the Lebanese Rocket Society 4474:Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) 4453: 3472:; 13 rivers originate from 3015:In early January 2011, the 3011:on the outskirts of Beirut. 2498:did not permit their return 2156:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 2148:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 2085:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 1733:, supplying cedar logs for 1427:al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah 1425: 1399: 1366:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 1137:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 1027: 627:560/km (1,450.4/sq mi) 467:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 177: 136:al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah 135: 10: 21701: 19570:British Overseas Territory 19183:Countries and dependencies 18314:Wikimedia Atlas of Lebanon 17874:. Fiba.Com. Archived from 17848:. Fiba.com. Archived from 17380:. World Bank. p. 16. 17306:10.1177/001654928002600202 17263:guides.library.cornell.edu 16242:. Macmillan. p. 311. 15212:Jamie Stokes (June 2009). 13885:"Background Note: Lebanon" 12600:. US Department of State. 12089:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 11954:Data indicators by country 10872:The961 (1 November 2019). 10343:. Stratfor. Archived from 8975:"Country Profile: Lebanon" 8741:"Background Note: Lebanon" 8496:. Routledge. p. 178. 8455:. I.B.Tauris. p. 18. 8361:. Routledge. p. 291. 7845:"Lebanon in Ancient Times" 7154:"Background Note: Lebanon" 6481:French language in Lebanon 6238: 6168: 6164: 6100:Public holidays in Lebanon 6097: 6016: 5871: 5867: 5808: 5728: 5659: 5638:Melkite Catholic residents 5475:population, although most 5423: 5417: 5161: 5108: 5051: 5029:, and at least 4,000 from 4960:people of Lebanese descent 4898: 4892: 4851: 4836: 4686:Manufacturing and industry 4595: 4591: 4569: 4457: 4396: 4215:Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate 4171:Baalbek-Hermel Governorate 3846: 3839:were held on 15 May 2022. 3687: 3592:), and implemented by the 3513: 3491: 3487: 3350:with the Israeli-occupied 3292: 3090: 3050:and armed clashes between 2890: 2852:explosion. Leaders of the 2766:Islamic Revolution in Iran 2753:during the previous year. 2716: controlled by the UN 2710: controlled by Israel 2542: 2320:adoption of a constitution 2074: 2062:, who swore allegiance to 1729:collaborated closely with 1637:History of ancient Lebanon 1634: 1438: 1434: 1314:texts from the library of 1221:and disasters such as the 1180:confessionalist government 104: 29: 21589: 21544: 21483: 21395: 21379: 21333: 21317: 21310: 21253: 21202: 21149: 21077: 21032: 20984: 20964: 20924: 20917: 20901: 20603: 20594: 20577: 20511: 20468: 20437: 20417: 20381: 20258: 20251: 20240: 20181: 20153: 20035: 19989: 19966: 19848: 19771: 19693: 19610: 19583: 19552: 19536: 19515: 19502: 19460: 19449: 19193: 19101: 19061: 18996: 18985: 18845: 18805: 18756: 18672: 18663: 18608: 18599: 18530: 18521: 18459: 18450: 18360: 18120:. Yale University Press. 15891:. Routledge. p. 33. 15887:J. Stewart, Dona (2008). 15836:. Ibp USA. 3 March 2012. 14645:"CIA World Factbook 2001" 14415:"Global Innovation Index" 13919:. Iom.int. Archived from 9416:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 9095:"The Bombing of Beirut". 8948:. Routledge. p. 45. 8709:Harb, Imad (March 2006). 8357:Winslow, Charles (1996). 8196:. Routledge. p. 32. 7673:. ABC-CLIO. p. 104. 7336:"Lebanon country profile" 7090:. ABC-CLIO. p. 104. 6619:Axel Tschentscher, LL.M. 6372:Sporting Al Riyadi Beirut 6234: 6088:Reporters Without Borders 5804: 5801:(NDU) (#701 as of 2021). 5699:League of Nations mandate 5534:, smaller percentages of 5479:today do not identify as 4711:significant drug industry 4237:Mount Lebanon Governorate 3920: 3857:Municipalities of Lebanon 3743:Speaker of the Parliament 3542:Csontváry Kosztka Tivadar 3097:Lebanese liquidity crisis 3058:in Tripoli. According to 3017:national unity government 2437:speaker of the parliament 2397:Martyrs' Square in Beirut 2312:League of Nations Mandate 2252:Amidst the height of the 1257:, and is a member of the 1215:Lebanese liquidity crisis 1211:upper-middle-income state 1172:German invasion of France 1158:, Lebanon came under the 900: 885: 873: 861: 851: 827: 809: 794: 764: 739: 720: 701: 687: 668: 649: 631: 621: 607: 600: 590: 576: 569: 565: 552: 539: 526: 512: 502: 489: 476: 463: 450: 437: 433: 428: 418: 414: 403:Speaker of the Parliament 399: 384: 367: 363: 346: 334: 300: 290: 280: 270: 226: 217: 205: 169: 162: 144: 114: 21047:Abuja Declaration (1989) 20941:Central African Republic 18410:Emirate of Mount Lebanon 18270:13 February 2024 at the 18261:(archived 11 April 2011) 18066:lebanonwaterfestival.com 18036:lebanonwaterfestival.com 18032:"Lebanon Water Festival" 18006:"Athletes | Heroes" 17898:"Asian Nations Cup 2000" 16864:. SESRIC. Archived from 16838:. SESRIC. Archived from 16686:"University of Balamand" 16458:. World Economic Forum. 16182:Harris, William (1985). 16100:Lebanon: A Country Study 14149:www.iatatravelcentre.com 12800:V-Dem Institute (2023). 11866:(Bonechi et al.) (2004) 10253:. BBC. 12 January 2011. 9121:Smith, op. cit., p. 377. 9085:Smith, op. cit., p. 376. 8594:WWII Behind Closed Doors 7714:Encyclopaedia Britannica 7055:Lebanon: A Country Study 6924:"Gini Index coefficient" 6875:(Archived 2022 edition.) 6572:Lebanese Communist Party 6564:Democratic Left Movement 6462: 6358:Lebanon participates in 6287:, swimming, sailing and 6012: 5626:Greek Orthodox residents 5471:citizens as part of its 4417:World Trade Organization 3843:Administrative divisions 3254:by 90% amid the ongoing 3250:of Lebanon devalued the 2756:During the early 1980s, 2539:Civil War and occupation 2443:, its prime minister be 2144:Emirate of Mount Lebanon 1903:political crises in the 1882:During the 7th century, 1798:siege of Tyre in 332 BCE 1743:oldest verified alphabet 1241:is renowned both in the 1196:Israel from 1985 to 2000 543:Israeli troops withdrawn 32:Lebanon (disambiguation) 19799:South Sinai Governorate 19528:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 18228:Riley-Smith, Jonathan. 17796:. Rugby League Planet. 17769:1 December 2017 at the 16367:. Robson. p. 483. 16280:Encyclopædia Britannica 15970:5 November 2012 at the 15170:Hajjar, George (2002). 14317:WIPO (9 January 2024). 13659:"Investment Law No.360" 13459:Law Library of Congress 12977:11 January 2016 at the 12329:10 January 2016 at the 11948:The World Bank (2012). 11841:ECODIT (October 2005). 10095:10.1057/9781137495068_9 9710:"Press Release SC/8353" 9286:"The Future of Lebanon" 8942:Toaldo, Mattia (2013). 8909:. Bloomsbury Academic. 7449:Coogan & Smith 2012 7385:Encyclopedia Britannica 6774:Hajjar, George (2002). 6477:Constitution of Lebanon 6386:Lebanese Premier League 6368:FIBA World Championship 5935: 5741:Saint Joseph University 5644:which is predominantly 5430:Christianity in Lebanon 4895:Demographics of Lebanon 4749:Global Innovation Index 4641:Central Bank of Lebanon 4607:Beirut Central District 4444:Jeux de la Francophonie 3849:Governorates of Lebanon 3771:V-Dem Democracy indices 3715:parliamentary democracy 3694:Human rights in Lebanon 3684:Government and politics 3566:Shouf Biosphere Reserve 3498:Lebanon has a moderate 3224:Free Patriotic Movement 3076:Free Patriotic Movement 1756:In the 9th century BC, 1674:, considered among the 1361:Ottoman reforms of 1861 1333: 1298: 1207:Human Development Index 1192:Syria from 1976 to 2005 1056:to the north and east, 556:Syrian troops withdrawn 271:Official languages 40:Libnan (disambiguation) 20936:Bosnia and Herzegovina 20806:Pakistan-OIC relations 19868:Bosnia and Herzegovina 19586:Special administrative 19562:(Sovereign Base Areas) 18957:North Syria Federation 18623:International rankings 18464:Anti-Lebanon Mountains 17075:. Medienkunstnetz.de. 16541:"Business Information" 14702:Johnson, Anna (2006). 14059:"World Bank Open Data" 12889:. UNDP. Archived from 12339:9 January 2016 at the 12319:8 January 2016 at the 12309:8 January 2016 at the 11890:. Country Studies US. 11376:www.europarl.europa.eu 10422:. SADA. Archived from 9818: 20 October 2005. 9181:Armajani, Jon (2020). 8867:26 August 2013 at the 8220:Artzi, Pinḥas (1984). 8192:Hazran, Yusri (2013). 7310:"Lebanon - World bank" 6926:. CIA World Factbook. 6364:Lebanese National Team 6355: 6256: 6094:Holidays and festivals 6030: 5896: 5889:temples in the world, 5820: 5819:Belluve Medical Center 5779:University of Balamand 5743: 5684:Lebanese Sign Language 5680:Modern Standard Arabic 5628:primarily live in the 5447: 5025:, over 1,100,000 from 5017:seekers: 449,957 from 4986:, particularly to the 4955: 4849: 4809: 4786: 4753:Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah 4744: 4729:Science and technology 4613:Lebanon's constitution 4609: 4572:LGBT rights in Lebanon 4517: 4502: 4469: 4408: 4140: 3893: 3812: 3710: 3669:Lebanese Civil Defense 3622: 3545: 3533: 3391:Anti-Lebanon Mountains 3374: 3311: 3125: 3012: 2897:2011 Lebanese protests 2848:was assassinated in a 2841: 2814: 2786:In the late 1980s, as 2718: 2648: 2581: 2489: 2426:five permanent members 2422:United Nations Charter 2404: 2339: 2302:On September 1, 1920, 2274:Paris Peace Conference 2221: 2203:Maronite-Druze dualism 2171: 2097: 2013: 1954:sugar, and glassware. 1808: 1694:over 7,000 years ago. 1660: 1616:Raymond IV of Toulouse 1586:After the 7th-century 1409: 1400:Dawlat Lubnān al-Kabīr 1382: 1267: 1205:, ranked 112th on the 1131:. Under Ottoman ruler 1060:to the south, and the 1044:, is a country in the 712:$ 21.780 billion ( 660:$ 78.233 billion ( 354:parliamentary republic 36:Liban (disambiguation) 21640:Eastern Mediterranean 21577:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 20445:Arab Peace Initiative 20225:Joint Defence Council 20000:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19993:and other territories 19560:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 18587:Speaker of Parliament 15946:27 April 2014 at the 15379:. Countrystudies.us. 15122:, Population Division 15093:, Population Division 13547:. PBS. 1 April 2019. 12751:Multiethnic democracy 12276:"Republic of Rubbish" 12235:10.1093/biosci/bix014 12069:Nature Communications 11692:. 11 September 2024. 11550:. 23 September 2022. 11260:. 10 September 2021. 9996:. CNN. 13 July 2006. 9942:"Lebanon Under Siege" 9478:. 24 September 2019. 9028:Smith, op. cit., 355. 8886:21 April 2023 at the 8492:. In Hiroyuki (ed.). 8410:Hakim, Carol (2013). 8382:Deeb, Marius (2013). 7410:Room, Adrian (2005). 6676:. 23 September 2021. 6404:. Lebanon hosted the 6347: 6248: 6177:Eastern Mediterranean 6026: 5951:Arab Image Foundation 5881: 5830:myocardial infarction 5818: 5793:(#577 worldwide) and 5753:Ministry of Education 5738: 5570:. Other sources like 5445: 5438:Secularism in Lebanon 5434:Irreligion in Lebanon 4946: 4844: 4815:Market capitalization 4807: 4784: 4736: 4717:and 20,000 pounds of 4605: 4510: 4493:American military aid 4467: 4460:Lebanese Armed Forces 4406: 4125: 3810: 3793:Parliament of Lebanon 3751:Deputy Prime Minister 3701: 3649:open burning of waste 3617: 3580:. Lebanon had a 2019 3539: 3527: 3500:Mediterranean climate 3364: 3302: 3161:On 11 March 2021 the 3119: 3093:17 October Revolution 3068:Lebanese Forces Party 2998: 2946:2007 Lebanon conflict 2901:17 October Revolution 2839: 2809: 2747:several refugee camps 2689: 2642: 2610:Coastal Road massacre 2575: 2522:United States Marines 2483: 2416:or its successor the 2395: 2333: 2285:Arab Kingdom of Syria 2258:Sykes–Picot Agreement 2211: 2094:Fakhreddine II Palace 2092: 2077:Mount Lebanon Emirate 2060:Eastern Mediterranean 2003: 1806: 1782:Neo-Babylonian Empire 1644: 1590:, it was part of the 1223:2020 Beirut explosion 1219:nationwide corruption 1127:, and eventually the 592:• Water (%) 528:• Withdrawal of 441:Mount Lebanon Emirate 107:the predecessor state 21685:West Asian countries 21247:Non-Aligned Movement 21058:OIC Resolution 10/11 21011:Non-Aligned Movement 20888:United Arab Emirates 20368:United Arab Emirates 19763:United Arab Emirates 19428:United Arab Emirates 18974:United Arab Emirates 18218:Norton, Augustus R. 17928:"2nd Pan Arab Games" 17711:. 14 November 2007. 17003:The MIT Press Reader 16547:on 14 September 2013 16401:Daily Star (Lebanon) 15293:. Management Today. 14808:on 28 September 2007 14619:Baten, Jörg (2016). 14581:Smithsonian Magazine 14520:alfven.princeton.edu 14063:World Bank Open Data 13575:, 6 September 2020, 13521:. 11 February 2019. 13366:. Nyulawglobal.org. 13210:"What Is Hezbollah?" 13111:. 10 February 2009. 12680:Marie-Joëlle Zahar. 12442:"Human Rights Watch" 12138:. 26 November 2011. 11758:. 24 September 2024. 11740:. 26 September 2024. 11722:. 18 September 2024. 11408:. 3 September 2021. 10980:. 20 December 2019. 10950:. 19 December 2019. 10571:. AP. Archived from 10515:10.1093/jogss/ogz016 10420:"The Refugee Factor" 10347:on 10 November 2013. 9948:on 27 September 2006 9144:"What is Hizbullah?" 9131:The War of the Camps 9103:(1): 218–225. 1981. 9041:Israel's Lebanon War 7051:"Historical Setting" 6986:"Driving in Lebanon" 6305:participated in the 6199:, a salad made from 5791:Université Libanaise 5731:Education in Lebanon 5662:Languages of Lebanon 4273:Nabatieh Governorate 3853:Districts of Lebanon 3795:. Its 128 seats are 3786:Lebanese citizenship 3295:Geography of Lebanon 3009:Shatila refugee camp 3005:Palestinian refugees 2954:a series of protests 2931:UNSC Resolution 1701 2873:UNSC Resolution 1595 2695: controlled by 2606:Arab Deterrent Force 2518:United Arab Republic 2431:Lebanon's unwritten 2048:Kingdom of Jerusalem 1469:improve this article 1289:originates from the 1259:Non-Aligned Movement 1166:, which established 1119:, which fell to the 1033:local pronunciation: 829:• Summer ( 609:• 2022 estimate 21137:Arab–Islamic (2023) 20586:Hissein Brahim Taha 19463:States with limited 18153:Arkadiusz, Plonka. 17878:on 10 November 2013 17852:on 10 November 2013 17741:. 31 October 2011. 17685:on 10 November 2012 17554:Syria & Lebanon 17047:"Moustafa Farroukh" 16903:on 4 November 2013. 16573:on 11 December 2007 16239:The Story of French 16188:Middle East Journal 16026:World Values Survey 15998:. 7 February 2013. 15755:on 22 January 2013. 15609:. 21 October 2014. 15552:. 6 December 2008. 15495:on 21 December 2014 15410:on 18 November 2008 15353:. 10 January 2010. 14942:(11 January 2009). 14889:. 11 January 2013. 14749:on 23 November 2008 14425:on 2 September 2021 14329:10.34667/tind.46596 13865:on 10 February 2007 13495:on 28 November 2019 12802:"The V-Dem Dataset" 12360:. 10 January 2016. 12081:2020NatCo..11.5978G 11888:"Lebanon – Climate" 11868:Golden Book Lebanon 11822:on 22 February 2009 11816:The Daily Telegraph 11674:. 11 November 2023. 11321:. 14 October 2021. 11076:The Washington Post 10884:on 31 December 2019 10814:. 22 October 2019. 10784:. 22 October 2019. 10754:. 27 October 2019. 10691:. 18 October 2019. 10629:. 18 October 2019. 10279:(12 January 2011). 9778:on 28 February 2008 9634:on 19 November 2012 9446:Middle East Monitor 8981:on 17 January 2013. 8861:Andrew Lee Butters 8816:on 11 December 2013 8698:on 27 January 2012. 8488:Tetz Rooke (2013). 7825:on 23 February 2008 7119:press.princeton.edu 6900:. 10 October 2023. 6623:. Servat.unibe.ch. 6511:الجمهورية اللبنانية 6159:Ministry of Tourism 5858:Asfouriyeh Hospital 5838:acute kidney injury 5587:World Values Survey 5420:Religion in Lebanon 5037:at over 1,250,000. 4868:Ministry of Tourism 4823:Ministry of Finance 4791:1975–1990 civil war 4661:agricultural sector 3704:Lebanese parliament 3690:Politics of Lebanon 3594:U.S. Forest Service 3516:Wildlife of Lebanon 3198:European Parliament 2925:, resulting in the 2731:multinational force 2727:an Israeli invasion 2626:UN Security Council 2403:on 22 November 1943 2293:San Remo Conference 2214:Beaufort d'Hautpoul 2152:Règlement Organique 1794:Alexander the Great 1778:Neo-Assyrian Empire 1758:Phoenician colonies 1721:. According to the 1657:World Heritage Site 1422:الجمهورية اللبنانية 1414:Republic of Lebanon 1410:État du Grand Liban 1141:Maronite Christians 1089:Mediterranean Basin 1070:Mediterranean Basin 1042:Republic of Lebanon 1008:-ə-non, -⁠nən 928: / 251: / 121:الجمهورية اللبنانية 116:Republic of Lebanon 21531:Gamal Abdel Nasser 21405:Bandung Conference 21365:News Agencies Pool 19779:Khuzestan Province 19081:Metropolitan areas 18636:Telecommunications 18277:The World Factbook 18169:Al-Baath wa-Lubnân 18167:Firzli, Nicola Y. 18148:General references 17986:on 21 October 2012 17452:. 24 August 2011. 17194:McKenzie, Robert. 16495:on 22 October 2008 15639:. 2 October 2012. 15582:on 15 January 2009 15149:on 17 January 2013 15010:on 22 January 2010 14980:on 11 January 2010 14948:The New York Times 14919:on 30 October 2011 14860:on 20 October 2006 13773:. 24 August 2023. 13602:Human Rights Watch 13519:Human Rights Watch 12867:on 17 January 2013 12835:The New York Times 12565:. 6 October 2023. 11956:. The World Bank. 11920:on 17 January 2013 11672:The Jerusalem Post 11481:Chehayeb, Kareem. 11450:Chehayeb, Kareem. 11431:Chehayeb, Kareem. 11349:, 2 January 2022, 11230:. 15 August 2021. 11168:. 11 August 2020. 11138:. 11 August 2020. 10752:Report Syndication 10607:on 31 October 2019 10575:on 21 October 2019 10426:on 29 October 2013 10364:The New York Times 10321:on 16 January 2013 10285:The New York Times 10192:The New York Times 10135:on 4 December 2010 9918:. 24 August 2023. 9912:"Hold your breath" 9860:The New York Times 9831:. United Nations. 9741:The New York Times 9378:The New York Times 9292:on 8 November 2006 9233:The New York Times 8604:on 28 October 2009 8248:CHURCHILL (1862). 7498:on 25 January 2009 7366:Abdelhady, Dalia. 7344:. 24 August 2011. 7025:The World Factbook 6857:The World Factbook 6832:on 19 January 2012 6475:Article 11 of the 6457:Outline of Lebanon 6366:qualified for the 6356: 6257: 6114:Gregorian calendar 6031: 5897: 5874:Culture of Lebanon 5862:Lebanese Civil War 5821: 5744: 5548:Maronite Catholics 5520:CIA World Factbook 5448: 5004:Lebanese Canadians 4956: 4907:Lebanese nationals 4872:Lebanese Civil War 4864:The New York Times 4854:Tourism in Lebanon 4850: 4810: 4787: 4745: 4672:commodities market 4610: 4598:Economy of Lebanon 4547:Capital punishment 4536:Vatican Rota court 4518: 4470: 4409: 4202:al-Beqaa al-Gharbi 4145:Beirut Governorate 4141: 3821:head of government 3813: 3731:Maronite Christian 3711: 3657:Human Rights Watch 3623: 3546: 3534: 3494:Climate of Lebanon 3375: 3312: 3156:caretaker capacity 3139:civil disobedience 3126: 3124:; 19 November 2019 3013: 2842: 2815: 2719: 2653:South Lebanon Army 2649: 2590:Lebanese Civil War 2582: 2545:Lebanese Civil War 2503:Human Rights Watch 2490: 2463:war against Israel 2405: 2340: 2289:Battle of Maysalun 2270:Elias Peter Hoayek 2222: 2098: 2014: 1868:Roman–Persian Wars 1821:Imperial Provinces 1809: 1661: 1441:History of Lebanon 1227:Lebanon's currency 1203:developing country 1188:Lebanese Civil War 1162:, administered by 1040:), officially the 1037:[lɪbˈneːn] 697:2022 estimate 645:2022 estimate 302:Ethnic groups 179:Kullunā li-l-waṭan 21635:Countries in Asia 21602: 21601: 21596: 21595: 21585: 21584: 21552:Houari Boumediene 21213: 21212: 21145: 21144: 21073: 21072: 21028: 21027: 21024: 21023: 20536: 20535: 20460:Foreign relations 20433: 20432: 20113: 20112: 19842:Mediterranean Sea 19807: 19806: 19652: 19651: 19579: 19578: 19149: 19148: 18792: 18791: 18752: 18751: 18659: 18658: 18595: 18594: 18572:Political parties 18545:Foreign relations 18517: 18516: 18127:978-0-300-12696-9 18106:978-0-664-23242-9 17621:978-0-8307-4605-7 17568:978-1-86450-333-3 17549:"Getting Started" 17533:978-0-7614-2081-1 17494:978-0-253-34252-2 17419:978-1-84545-352-7 17348:978-0-253-35518-8 17236:978-0-7425-0061-7 17174:978-0-7614-2081-1 17140:on 12 August 2010 16842:on 5 October 2013 16722:. 11 April 2022. 16692:. 11 April 2022. 16662:. 11 April 2022. 16630:"Yalla! Students" 16374:978-1-86105-917-8 16249:978-0-312-34184-8 16168:978-90-04-49139-7 16141:978-1-5381-8123-2 15864:. 8 August 2018. 15777:978-1-60456-076-3 15520:joshuaproject.net 15514:Project, Joshua. 15225:978-0-8160-7158-6 14496:on 5 January 2009 14338:978-92-805-3432-0 13732:. 28 April 2022. 13604:. 4 August 2021. 13362:El Samad, Firas. 13054:The Soufan Center 12777:. Freedom House. 12749:Lijphart, Arend. 12637:978-1-4422-2349-3 12448:. December 2017. 11796:978-1-61530-414-1 11487:www.aljazeera.com 11456:www.aljazeera.com 11437:www.aljazeera.com 11016:on 9 January 2020 10104:978-1-137-49506-8 10056:Global Politician 9660:. 12 March 2005. 9448:. 29 April 2020. 9347:www.aljazeera.net 9211:Dennis Walters MP 9192:978-1-7936-2136-8 8916:978-1-84511-271-4 8715:USIPeace Briefing 8634:978-1-84983-903-7 8503:978-1-136-18453-6 8462:978-1-86064-857-1 8423:978-0-520-27341-2 8368:978-0-415-14403-2 8328:978-0-520-25668-2 8291:. December 1987. 8128:978-1-5381-2043-9 8074:978-1-57958-354-5 8047:978-0-19-518111-1 7886:978-1-5381-2043-9 7641:978-1-84217-132-5 7597:Sullivan, Helen. 7572:almashriq.hiof.no 7528:978-0-8122-3557-9 7472:978-0-19-517610-0 7423:978-0-7864-2248-7 7097:978-1-57607-919-5 6860:(2024 ed.). 6659:978-0-19-094020-1 6570:, former head of 6516: 6410:have participated 6335:2009 European Cup 6265:Mediterranean Sea 6076:cinema of Lebanon 5942:Moustafa Farroukh 5883:Temple of Bacchus 5811:Health in Lebanon 5707:Lebanese citizens 5410: 5409: 5402:North Governorate 4952:Mediterranean Sea 4543:French Civil Code 4430:), and hosted an 4393:Foreign relations 4351:South Governorate 4305:North Governorate 4188:Beqaa Governorate 4159:Akkar Governorate 4134:Temple of Jupiter 3708:Place de l'Étoile 3478:Mediterranean Sea 3468:all of which are 3450:seasonal torrents 3438:Great Rift Valley 3340:Mediterranean Sea 3192:plummeting and a 2905:On 12 July 2006, 2854:March 14 Alliance 2796:Save the Children 2743:Sabra and Shatila 2471:Emir Majid Arslan 2414:League of Nations 2378:Charles de Gaulle 2351:High commissioner 2230:Youssef Bey Karam 2174:) was one of the 2164:متصرفية جبل لبنان 2052:County of Tripoli 1951:Fatimid Caliphate 1888:Islamic Caliphate 1786:Achaemenid Empire 1692:Mediterranean Sea 1624:Bechara El Khoury 1545: 1544: 1537: 1519: 1395:دولة لبنان الكبير 1375:متصرفية جبل لبنان 1320:Epic of Gilgamesh 1312:Middle Bronze Age 1247:Lebanese diaspora 1113:Abbasid Caliphate 1074:Arabian Peninsula 1062:Mediterranean Sea 1025: 932:33.833°N 35.833°E 912: 911: 758:medium inequality 722:• Per capita 670:• Per capita 291:Foreign languages 255:33.900°N 35.533°E 198: 103: 102: 95: 18:Lebanese Republic 16:(Redirected from 21692: 21511:Jawaharlal Nehru 21361:NAM News Network 21315: 21314: 21240: 21233: 21226: 21217: 21216: 21082: 21081: 21037: 21036: 20922: 20921: 20601: 20600: 20563: 20556: 20549: 20540: 20539: 20256: 20255: 20246: 20171: 20170: 20161: 20160: 20140: 20133: 20126: 20117: 20116: 20028: 20016: 20008: 19850:Sovereign states 19834: 19827: 19820: 19811: 19810: 19679: 19672: 19665: 19656: 19655: 19640: 19628: 19627: 19588:regions of China 19523:Christmas Island 19513: 19512: 19455: 19195:Sovereign states 19176: 19169: 19162: 19153: 19152: 19036:Modern conflicts 18991: 18832: 18825: 18818: 18809: 18808: 18800:Related articles 18796: 18795: 18772: 18765: 18670: 18669: 18631: 18606: 18605: 18528: 18527: 18504:Southern Lebanon 18457: 18456: 18437:Cedar Revolution 18343: 18336: 18329: 18320: 18319: 18312: 18311: 18143: 18141: 18139: 18110: 18082: 18081: 18079: 18077: 18058: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18047: 18028: 18022: 18021: 18019: 18017: 18002: 17996: 17995: 17993: 17991: 17976: 17970: 17969: 17967: 17965: 17950: 17944: 17943: 17941: 17939: 17924: 17918: 17917: 17915: 17913: 17904:. 4 March 2011. 17894: 17888: 17887: 17885: 17883: 17868: 17862: 17861: 17859: 17857: 17842: 17836: 17835: 17833: 17831: 17816: 17810: 17809: 17807: 17805: 17790: 17784: 17779: 17773: 17761: 17755: 17754: 17752: 17750: 17731: 17725: 17724: 17722: 17720: 17709:The Courier-Mail 17701: 17695: 17694: 17692: 17690: 17681:. Archived from 17670: 17664: 17663: 17661: 17659: 17644: 17638: 17637: 17635: 17633: 17605: 17599: 17598: 17596: 17594: 17579: 17573: 17572: 17544: 17538: 17537: 17515: 17506: 17505: 17503: 17501: 17482: 17472: 17466: 17465: 17463: 17461: 17442: 17436: 17435: 17433: 17431: 17403: 17397: 17396: 17394: 17392: 17386: 17379: 17371: 17365: 17364: 17362: 17360: 17332: 17326: 17325: 17285: 17279: 17278: 17276: 17274: 17254: 17248: 17247: 17245: 17243: 17212: 17206: 17192: 17186: 17185: 17183: 17181: 17156: 17150: 17149: 17147: 17145: 17136:. Archived from 17130:"Called by life" 17126: 17120: 17119: 17117: 17115: 17100:"Prophet Motive" 17095: 17089: 17088: 17086: 17084: 17069: 17063: 17062: 17060: 17058: 17043: 17037: 17023: 17014: 17013: 17011: 17009: 16994: 16988: 16987: 16985: 16983: 16978:on 20 March 2015 16974:. Archived from 16964: 16958: 16957: 16955: 16953: 16938: 16932: 16931: 16930:on 12 June 2013. 16929: 16922: 16914: 16905: 16904: 16902: 16895: 16887: 16878: 16877: 16875: 16873: 16858: 16852: 16851: 16849: 16847: 16832: 16826: 16825: 16823: 16821: 16810:Top Universities 16802: 16796: 16795: 16793: 16791: 16782:. 16 July 2015. 16780:Top Universities 16772: 16766: 16765: 16763: 16761: 16750:Top Universities 16742: 16736: 16735: 16733: 16731: 16720:Top Universities 16712: 16706: 16705: 16703: 16701: 16690:Top Universities 16682: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16671: 16660:Top Universities 16652: 16646: 16645: 16643: 16641: 16626: 16620: 16619: 16617: 16615: 16600: 16594: 16589: 16583: 16582: 16580: 16578: 16563: 16557: 16556: 16554: 16552: 16537: 16531: 16530: 16528: 16526: 16511: 16505: 16504: 16502: 16500: 16491:. Archived from 16481: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16470: 16464: 16457: 16449: 16443: 16442: 16440: 16438: 16418: 16412: 16411: 16409: 16407: 16392: 16386: 16385: 16383: 16381: 16358: 16352: 16351: 16349: 16347: 16332: 16326: 16325: 16323: 16321: 16312:. 24 June 2010. 16302: 16296: 16295: 16293: 16291: 16272: 16266: 16265: 16263: 16261: 16233: 16224: 16223: 16221: 16219: 16179: 16173: 16172: 16152: 16146: 16145: 16125: 16119: 16118: 16116: 16114: 16091: 16080: 16079: 16077: 16075: 16048: 16042: 16041: 16039: 16037: 16018: 16012: 16011: 16009: 16007: 15986: 15980: 15962: 15956: 15938: 15932: 15931: 15929: 15927: 15912: 15906: 15905: 15884: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15854: 15848: 15847: 15828: 15822: 15821: 15819: 15817: 15798: 15785: 15784: 15763: 15757: 15756: 15751:. Archived from 15745: 15739: 15738: 15736: 15734: 15729:. ICRC and Ipsos 15728: 15720: 15714: 15713: 15711: 15709: 15700:. Archived from 15689: 15683: 15682: 15680: 15678: 15669:. 23 June 2020. 15659: 15653: 15652: 15650: 15648: 15629: 15623: 15622: 15620: 15618: 15599: 15593: 15591: 15589: 15587: 15572: 15566: 15565: 15563: 15561: 15542: 15536: 15535: 15533: 15531: 15511: 15505: 15504: 15502: 15500: 15491:. Archived from 15485: 15479: 15478: 15476: 15474: 15459: 15453: 15452: 15450: 15448: 15442: 15436:. Archived from 15435: 15429:Price, Charles. 15426: 15420: 15419: 15417: 15415: 15406:. Archived from 15402:Schwarz, Naomi. 15399: 15393: 15392: 15390: 15388: 15373: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15362: 15343: 15337: 15336: 15334: 15332: 15323:. 12 July 2017. 15313: 15307: 15306: 15304: 15302: 15287: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15276: 15270: 15263: 15255: 15242: 15241: 15239: 15237: 15209: 15203: 15200: 15195: 15193: 15187: 15176: 15165: 15159: 15158: 15156: 15154: 15138: 15132: 15131: 15129: 15127: 15117: 15109: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15098: 15083: 15077: 15076: 15074: 15072: 15057: 15051: 15050: 15048: 15046: 15037:. Archived from 15026: 15020: 15019: 15017: 15015: 14996: 14990: 14989: 14987: 14985: 14970: 14964: 14963: 14961: 14959: 14935: 14929: 14928: 14926: 14924: 14909: 14903: 14902: 14900: 14898: 14879: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14865: 14850: 14844: 14843: 14841: 14839: 14824: 14818: 14817: 14815: 14813: 14797: 14791: 14790: 14788: 14786: 14781:on 25 March 2009 14780: 14773: 14765: 14759: 14758: 14756: 14754: 14748: 14741: 14733: 14724: 14723: 14721: 14719: 14699: 14693: 14692: 14690: 14688: 14673: 14667: 14666: 14664: 14662: 14656: 14650:. Archived from 14649: 14641: 14635: 14634: 14616: 14610: 14603: 14597: 14596: 14594: 14592: 14573: 14567: 14566: 14564: 14562: 14542: 14536: 14535: 14533: 14531: 14526:on 14 April 2021 14522:. Archived from 14512: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14501: 14486: 14480: 14479: 14473: 14465: 14463: 14461: 14441: 14435: 14434: 14432: 14430: 14419:INSEAD Knowledge 14411: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14381: 14375: 14374: 14368: 14364: 14362: 14354: 14352: 14350: 14314: 14308: 14307: 14305: 14303: 14286:Cwerman, Ralph. 14283: 14277: 14276: 14274: 14272: 14253: 14247: 14246: 14244: 14242: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14218: 14216: 14201: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14190: 14185:on 10 April 2011 14171: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14141: 14135: 14134: 14132: 14130: 14121:. 15 June 2021. 14111: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14100: 14085: 14079: 14078: 14076: 14074: 14055: 14049: 14048: 14046: 14044: 14017: 14004: 14003: 13997: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13969: 13963: 13962: 13960: 13958: 13939: 13933: 13932: 13930: 13928: 13913: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13902: 13897:on 25 March 2009 13896: 13889: 13881: 13875: 13874: 13872: 13870: 13855: 13849: 13842: 13833: 13832: 13830: 13828: 13801: 13795: 13794: 13792: 13790: 13763: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13749: 13722: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13691:. 31 July 2023. 13681: 13675: 13674: 13672: 13670: 13661:. Archived from 13655: 13649: 13648: 13646: 13644: 13629: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13613: 13594: 13588: 13587: 13586: 13584: 13567: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13556: 13541: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13511: 13505: 13504: 13502: 13500: 13481: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13470: 13450: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13439: 13419: 13413: 13412: 13410: 13408: 13402: 13396:. Archived from 13395: 13386: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13375: 13359: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13343: 13337: 13330: 13322: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13289: 13283: 13282: 13280: 13278: 13262: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13251: 13246:on 8 August 2004 13236: 13230: 13229: 13227: 13225: 13206: 13200: 13199: 13197: 13195: 13168: 13162: 13161: 13159: 13157: 13137: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13123: 13117: 13110: 13102: 13096: 13095: 13093: 13091: 13086:on 20 April 2021 13076: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13065: 13046: 13040: 13039: 13037: 13035: 13014: 13008: 13007: 13005: 13003: 12988: 12982: 12970: 12964: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12931: 12929: 12909: 12903: 12902: 12900: 12898: 12883: 12877: 12876: 12874: 12872: 12857: 12851: 12850: 12848: 12846: 12832: 12824: 12818: 12817: 12815: 12813: 12797: 12791: 12790: 12788: 12786: 12771: 12762: 12747: 12741: 12740: 12704: 12698: 12697: 12695: 12693: 12684:. Archived from 12677: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12666: 12661:on 22 March 2009 12651: 12642: 12641: 12623: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12593: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12582: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12546: 12544: 12524: 12518: 12517: 12515: 12513: 12494: 12488: 12487: 12485: 12483: 12468: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12457: 12438: 12432: 12431: 12429: 12427: 12422:on 11 April 2016 12418:. Archived from 12412: 12410: 12408: 12389: 12383: 12380: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12369: 12350: 12344: 12302: 12296: 12295: 12293: 12291: 12271: 12265: 12264: 12254: 12214: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12203: 12184: 12178: 12177: 12175: 12173: 12158: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12147: 12128: 12119: 12118: 12108: 12060: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12049: 12033: 12027: 12016: 12010: 12003: 11997: 11996: 11994: 11992: 11976: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11945: 11939: 11936: 11930: 11929: 11927: 11925: 11910: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11899: 11884: 11878: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11847: 11838: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11827: 11818:. Archived from 11807: 11801: 11800: 11782: 11769: 11766: 11760: 11759: 11748: 11742: 11741: 11730: 11724: 11723: 11712: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11701: 11682: 11676: 11675: 11664: 11658: 11657: 11655: 11653: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11604: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11590: 11570: 11564: 11563: 11561: 11559: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11529: 11509: 11503: 11502: 11500: 11498: 11478: 11472: 11471: 11469: 11467: 11447: 11441: 11440: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11398: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11387: 11368: 11362: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11341: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11311: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11300: 11280: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11250: 11244: 11243: 11241: 11239: 11218: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11207: 11202:on 11 March 2021 11198:. Archived from 11188: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11177: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11128: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11098: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11087: 11078:. 19 July 2020. 11068: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11045:. 16 July 2020. 11035: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11000: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10989: 10970: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10901: 10893: 10891: 10889: 10880:. Archived from 10869: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10858: 10834: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10823: 10804: 10798: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10744: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10649: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10623: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10612: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10560: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10549: 10534: 10528: 10527: 10517: 10493: 10487: 10486: 10476: 10466: 10442: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10404: 10389: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10355: 10349: 10348: 10337: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10307: 10301: 10300: 10298: 10296: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10247: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10227:. Archived from 10214: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10183: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10151: 10145: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10058:. Archived from 10047: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10031: 10016: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10005: 9990: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9938: 9932: 9931: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9825: 9819: 9798: 9792: 9791: 9785: 9783: 9774:. Archived from 9763: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9732: 9726: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9706: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9686:. Archived from 9680: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9650: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9611: 9609: 9589: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9558: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9528: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9498: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9476:Mehr News Agency 9468: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9438: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9408: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9360: 9358: 9339: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9314:. 31 July 2006. 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9224: 9218: 9203: 9197: 9196: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9140: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9092: 9086: 9083: 9077: 9072:Jillian Becker, 9070: 9064: 9063: 9035: 9029: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9013: 9005: 9004: 9002: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8971: 8960: 8959: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8900: 8894: 8878: 8872: 8859: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8832: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8806: 8797: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8688: 8682: 8679: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8600:. Archived from 8586: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8559: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8532: 8526: 8525: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8446: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8386:. Hoover Press. 8379: 8373: 8372: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8217: 8211: 8210: 8189: 8183: 8182: 8169:Renaissance Emir 8164: 8158: 8157: 8144:Renaissance Emir 8139: 8133: 8132: 8114: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8033: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7909: 7900: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7872: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7815: 7809: 7800:Lieberman D.E., 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7743: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7694: 7692: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7625: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7486:Ross, Kelley L. 7483: 7477: 7476: 7458: 7452: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7377: 7371: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7257: 7246: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7195: 7179: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7150: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7083: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7017: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6965: 6954: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6890: 6877: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6831: 6824: 6816: 6807: 6804: 6799: 6797: 6791: 6780: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6755: 6699: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6616: 6591: 6562:, Columnist and 6552: 6540: 6529: 6523: 6521: 6515:romanized: 6514: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6490: 6484: 6473: 6451: 6446: 6445: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6259:Lebanon has six 6241:Sport in Lebanon 6171:Lebanese cuisine 6084:media of Lebanon 6070:Media and cinema 6019:Music of Lebanon 6007:Georges Schéhadé 5986:Arab nationalism 5940:In visual arts, 5895: 5892: 5747:13th worldwide. 5676:Levantine Arabic 5614:Southern Lebanon 5602:Northern Lebanon 5426:Islam in Lebanon 5176: 5166: 5123: 5113: 5061: 5049: 5048: 4994:(roughly 30,000 4883:Japanese cuisine 4334:Miniyeh-Danniyeh 3925: 3924: 3917: 3904: 3896: 3890: 3876: 3766:politically free 3755:Eastern Orthodox 3706:building at the 3627:Chinook Sciences 3426:Qurnat as Sawda' 3383:Lebanon mountain 3267:Israel–Hamas war 3256:financial crisis 3062:, the number of 3044:Syrian civil war 3033:Hassan Nasrallah 3029:March 8 Alliance 2927:2006 Lebanon War 2923:southern Lebanon 2867:Cedar Revolution 2862:March 8 Alliance 2715: 2709: 2703: 2694: 2677:At Tiri incident 2643:Map showing the 2614:Operation Litani 2297:Treaty of Sèvres 2226:Al Ali Alsagheer 2165: 2024:launched by the 2008:to the Egyptian 1890:. In the era of 1753:one thereafter. 1735:Solomon's Temple 1665:Natufian culture 1549:Treaty of Sèvres 1540: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1520: 1518: 1477: 1453: 1445: 1430: 1423: 1402: 1396: 1376: 1349: 1348: 1330:Ancient Egyptian 1301: 1272: 1239:Lebanese culture 1103:, including the 1097:Byzantine Empire 1095:, and later the 1039: 1034: 1030: 1020: 1018: 1007: 1002: 1001: 1000: 999: 992: 989: 988: 985: 982: 977: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 955: 943: 942: 940: 939: 938: 933: 929: 926: 925: 924: 921: 905: 904: 842: 818: 785: 784: 778: 777: 771: 760: 759: 753: 752: 746: 730: 729: 711: 710: 694: 678: 677: 659: 658: 642: 508:22 November 1943 485:1 September 1920 281:Local vernacular 266: 265: 263: 262: 261: 256: 252: 249: 248: 247: 244: 229:and largest city 222: 210: 200: 199: 182: 174: 173: 171: 151: 139: 138: 131: 123: 122: 112: 111: 98: 91: 87: 84: 78: 55: 54: 47: 21: 21700: 21699: 21695: 21694: 21693: 21691: 21690: 21689: 21605: 21604: 21603: 21598: 21597: 21592: 21581: 21540: 21491:Josip Broz Tito 21479: 21391: 21375: 21329: 21306: 21249: 21244: 21214: 21209: 21198: 21141: 21069: 21020: 20989: 20987: 20980: 20969: 20967: 20960: 20946:Northern Cyprus 20929: 20928:and territories 20927: 20913: 20897: 20590: 20573: 20567: 20537: 20532: 20507: 20464: 20429: 20413: 20377: 20247: 20238: 20177: 20149: 20144: 20114: 20109: 20095:Sea of Sardinia 20031: 20026: 20014: 20002: 19985: 19976:Northern Cyprus 19962: 19844: 19838: 19808: 19803: 19767: 19689: 19683: 19653: 19648: 19621: 19606: 19590: 19587: 19575: 19548: 19532: 19509: 19506: 19498: 19479:Northern Cyprus 19467: 19464: 19456: 19447: 19189: 19180: 19150: 19145: 19097: 19057: 18992: 18983: 18908:Northern Cyprus 18880:Iraqi Kurdistan 18841: 18836: 18801: 18793: 18788: 18775: 18768: 18761: 18748: 18724:Public holidays 18655: 18629: 18591: 18513: 18446: 18380:Hellenistic era 18356: 18347: 18309: 18272:Wayback Machine 18255: 18235:Salibi, Kamal. 18202:Hitti Philip K. 18150: 18137: 18135: 18128: 18107: 18091: 18086: 18085: 18075: 18073: 18060: 18059: 18055: 18045: 18043: 18030: 18029: 18025: 18015: 18013: 18004: 18003: 17999: 17989: 17987: 17978: 17977: 17973: 17963: 17961: 17952: 17951: 17947: 17937: 17935: 17926: 17925: 17921: 17911: 17909: 17896: 17895: 17891: 17881: 17879: 17870: 17869: 17865: 17855: 17853: 17844: 17843: 17839: 17829: 17827: 17818: 17817: 17813: 17803: 17801: 17792: 17791: 17787: 17780: 17776: 17771:Wayback Machine 17762: 17758: 17748: 17746: 17733: 17732: 17728: 17718: 17716: 17703: 17702: 17698: 17688: 17686: 17679:The Independent 17671: 17667: 17657: 17655: 17646: 17645: 17641: 17631: 17629: 17622: 17606: 17602: 17592: 17590: 17589:on 22 July 2011 17581: 17580: 17576: 17569: 17545: 17541: 17534: 17516: 17509: 17499: 17497: 17495: 17473: 17469: 17459: 17457: 17444: 17443: 17439: 17429: 17427: 17420: 17404: 17400: 17390: 17388: 17384: 17377: 17373: 17372: 17368: 17358: 17356: 17349: 17333: 17329: 17286: 17282: 17272: 17270: 17255: 17251: 17241: 17239: 17237: 17213: 17209: 17193: 17189: 17179: 17177: 17175: 17157: 17153: 17143: 17141: 17128: 17127: 17123: 17113: 17111: 17096: 17092: 17082: 17080: 17071: 17070: 17066: 17056: 17054: 17053:on 7 March 2012 17045: 17044: 17040: 17025:Stokes, Jamie. 17024: 17017: 17007: 17005: 16995: 16991: 16981: 16979: 16966: 16965: 16961: 16951: 16949: 16940: 16939: 16935: 16927: 16920: 16916: 16915: 16908: 16900: 16893: 16889: 16888: 16881: 16871: 16869: 16868:on 7 March 2013 16860: 16859: 16855: 16845: 16843: 16834: 16833: 16829: 16819: 16817: 16804: 16803: 16799: 16789: 16787: 16774: 16773: 16769: 16759: 16757: 16744: 16743: 16739: 16729: 16727: 16714: 16713: 16709: 16699: 16697: 16684: 16683: 16679: 16669: 16667: 16654: 16653: 16649: 16639: 16637: 16636:on 18 June 2008 16628: 16627: 16623: 16613: 16611: 16602: 16601: 16597: 16590: 16586: 16576: 16574: 16565: 16564: 16560: 16550: 16548: 16539: 16538: 16534: 16524: 16522: 16513: 16512: 16508: 16498: 16496: 16483: 16482: 16478: 16468: 16466: 16462: 16455: 16451: 16450: 16446: 16436: 16434: 16419: 16415: 16405: 16403: 16393: 16389: 16379: 16377: 16375: 16359: 16355: 16345: 16343: 16334: 16333: 16329: 16319: 16317: 16304: 16303: 16299: 16289: 16287: 16274: 16273: 16269: 16259: 16257: 16250: 16234: 16227: 16217: 16215: 16180: 16176: 16169: 16153: 16149: 16142: 16126: 16122: 16112: 16110: 16092: 16083: 16073: 16071: 16050: 16049: 16045: 16035: 16033: 16020: 16019: 16015: 16005: 16003: 15988: 15987: 15983: 15972:Wayback Machine 15963: 15959: 15948:Wayback Machine 15939: 15935: 15925: 15923: 15914: 15913: 15909: 15899: 15885: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15856: 15855: 15851: 15844: 15830: 15829: 15825: 15815: 15813: 15800: 15799: 15788: 15778: 15764: 15760: 15747: 15746: 15742: 15732: 15730: 15726: 15722: 15721: 15717: 15707: 15705: 15704:on 14 July 2015 15690: 15686: 15676: 15674: 15661: 15660: 15656: 15646: 15644: 15631: 15630: 15626: 15616: 15614: 15601: 15600: 15596: 15585: 15583: 15574: 15573: 15569: 15559: 15557: 15544: 15543: 15539: 15529: 15527: 15512: 15508: 15498: 15496: 15487: 15486: 15482: 15472: 15470: 15461: 15460: 15456: 15446: 15444: 15443:on 19 July 2011 15440: 15433: 15427: 15423: 15413: 15411: 15400: 15396: 15386: 15384: 15375: 15374: 15370: 15360: 15358: 15345: 15344: 15340: 15330: 15328: 15315: 15314: 15310: 15300: 15298: 15289: 15288: 15284: 15274: 15272: 15268: 15261: 15257: 15256: 15245: 15235: 15233: 15226: 15210: 15206: 15191: 15189: 15185: 15174: 15166: 15162: 15152: 15150: 15139: 15135: 15125: 15123: 15115: 15111: 15110: 15106: 15096: 15094: 15085: 15084: 15080: 15070: 15068: 15059: 15058: 15054: 15044: 15042: 15041:on 16 July 2011 15027: 15023: 15013: 15011: 14998: 14997: 14993: 14983: 14981: 14972: 14971: 14967: 14957: 14955: 14936: 14932: 14922: 14920: 14911: 14910: 14906: 14896: 14894: 14881: 14880: 14873: 14863: 14861: 14852: 14851: 14847: 14837: 14835: 14826: 14825: 14821: 14811: 14809: 14798: 14794: 14784: 14782: 14778: 14771: 14767: 14766: 14762: 14752: 14750: 14746: 14739: 14735: 14734: 14727: 14717: 14715: 14700: 14696: 14686: 14684: 14683:on 25 July 2011 14675: 14674: 14670: 14660: 14658: 14657:on 14 June 2007 14654: 14647: 14643: 14642: 14638: 14631: 14617: 14613: 14604: 14600: 14590: 14588: 14575: 14574: 14570: 14560: 14558: 14543: 14539: 14529: 14527: 14514: 14513: 14509: 14499: 14497: 14488: 14487: 14483: 14467: 14466: 14459: 14457: 14442: 14438: 14428: 14426: 14413: 14412: 14408: 14398: 14396: 14383: 14382: 14378: 14366: 14365: 14356: 14355: 14348: 14346: 14339: 14315: 14311: 14301: 14299: 14292:Washington Post 14284: 14280: 14270: 14268: 14255: 14254: 14250: 14240: 14238: 14229: 14228: 14224: 14214: 14212: 14203: 14202: 14198: 14188: 14186: 14173: 14172: 14168: 14158: 14156: 14143: 14142: 14138: 14128: 14126: 14113: 14112: 14108: 14098: 14096: 14087: 14086: 14082: 14072: 14070: 14057: 14056: 14052: 14042: 14040: 14027:. 28 May 2020. 14019: 14018: 14007: 13991: 13990: 13984: 13982: 13970: 13966: 13956: 13954: 13941: 13940: 13936: 13926: 13924: 13923:on 11 June 2008 13915: 13914: 13910: 13900: 13898: 13894: 13887: 13883: 13882: 13878: 13868: 13866: 13857: 13856: 13852: 13843: 13836: 13826: 13824: 13803: 13802: 13798: 13788: 13786: 13765: 13764: 13757: 13747: 13745: 13724: 13723: 13716: 13706: 13704: 13683: 13682: 13678: 13668: 13666: 13665:on 21 July 2011 13657: 13656: 13652: 13642: 13640: 13631: 13630: 13621: 13611: 13609: 13596: 13595: 13591: 13582: 13580: 13569: 13568: 13564: 13554: 13552: 13543: 13542: 13538: 13528: 13526: 13513: 13512: 13508: 13498: 13496: 13483: 13482: 13478: 13468: 13466: 13451: 13447: 13437: 13435: 13420: 13416: 13406: 13404: 13400: 13393: 13389:Chibli Mallat. 13387: 13383: 13373: 13371: 13360: 13351: 13341: 13339: 13335: 13328: 13324: 13323: 13319: 13309: 13307: 13290: 13286: 13276: 13274: 13263: 13259: 13249: 13247: 13238: 13237: 13233: 13223: 13221: 13208: 13207: 13203: 13193: 13191: 13170: 13169: 13165: 13155: 13153: 13138: 13131: 13121: 13119: 13115: 13108: 13104: 13103: 13099: 13089: 13087: 13078: 13077: 13073: 13063: 13061: 13056:. 17 May 2022. 13048: 13047: 13043: 13033: 13031: 13016: 13015: 13011: 13001: 12999: 12990: 12989: 12985: 12979:Wayback Machine 12971: 12967: 12957: 12955: 12942: 12941: 12937: 12927: 12925: 12910: 12906: 12896: 12894: 12893:on 18 July 2011 12885: 12884: 12880: 12870: 12868: 12859: 12858: 12854: 12844: 12842: 12825: 12821: 12811: 12809: 12798: 12794: 12784: 12782: 12773: 12772: 12765: 12748: 12744: 12721:10.2307/2009820 12705: 12701: 12691: 12689: 12688:on 13 June 2011 12678: 12674: 12664: 12662: 12653: 12652: 12645: 12638: 12624: 12617: 12607: 12605: 12594: 12590: 12580: 12578: 12557: 12556: 12552: 12542: 12540: 12525: 12521: 12511: 12509: 12496: 12495: 12491: 12481: 12479: 12470: 12469: 12465: 12455: 12453: 12440: 12439: 12435: 12425: 12423: 12406: 12404: 12391: 12390: 12386: 12381: 12377: 12367: 12365: 12352: 12351: 12347: 12341:Wayback Machine 12331:Wayback Machine 12321:Wayback Machine 12311:Wayback Machine 12303: 12299: 12289: 12287: 12272: 12268: 12215: 12211: 12201: 12199: 12186: 12185: 12181: 12171: 12169: 12160: 12159: 12155: 12145: 12143: 12130: 12129: 12122: 12061: 12057: 12047: 12045: 12034: 12030: 12026:. 615: 415–417. 12017: 12013: 12009:. 615: 411–414. 12004: 12000: 11990: 11988: 11987:on 12 June 2010 11977: 11973: 11963: 11961: 11946: 11942: 11937: 11933: 11923: 11921: 11912: 11911: 11907: 11897: 11895: 11886: 11885: 11881: 11865: 11861: 11851: 11849: 11845: 11839: 11835: 11825: 11823: 11808: 11804: 11797: 11783: 11772: 11767: 11763: 11750: 11749: 11745: 11732: 11731: 11727: 11714: 11713: 11709: 11699: 11697: 11684: 11683: 11679: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11651: 11649: 11644:. 3 July 2023. 11636: 11635: 11631: 11621: 11619: 11606: 11605: 11598: 11588: 11586: 11571: 11567: 11557: 11555: 11542: 11541: 11537: 11527: 11525: 11510: 11506: 11496: 11494: 11479: 11475: 11465: 11463: 11448: 11444: 11429: 11425: 11415: 11413: 11400: 11399: 11395: 11385: 11383: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11356: 11354: 11343: 11342: 11338: 11328: 11326: 11313: 11312: 11308: 11298: 11296: 11281: 11277: 11267: 11265: 11252: 11251: 11247: 11237: 11235: 11220: 11219: 11215: 11205: 11203: 11190: 11189: 11185: 11175: 11173: 11160: 11159: 11155: 11145: 11143: 11130: 11129: 11125: 11115: 11113: 11100: 11099: 11095: 11085: 11083: 11070: 11069: 11062: 11052: 11050: 11037: 11036: 11029: 11019: 11017: 11002: 11001: 10997: 10987: 10985: 10972: 10971: 10967: 10957: 10955: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10927: 10925: 10916: 10915: 10911: 10895: 10894: 10887: 10885: 10870: 10866: 10856: 10854: 10835: 10831: 10821: 10819: 10806: 10805: 10801: 10791: 10789: 10776: 10775: 10771: 10761: 10759: 10746: 10745: 10738: 10728: 10726: 10713: 10712: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10683: 10682: 10678: 10668: 10666: 10651: 10650: 10646: 10636: 10634: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10610: 10608: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10578: 10576: 10569:Washington Post 10561: 10557: 10547: 10545: 10536: 10535: 10531: 10494: 10490: 10443: 10439: 10429: 10427: 10416: 10412: 10402: 10400: 10391: 10390: 10383: 10373: 10371: 10356: 10352: 10339: 10338: 10334: 10324: 10322: 10309: 10308: 10304: 10294: 10292: 10274: 10270: 10260: 10258: 10249: 10248: 10244: 10234: 10232: 10231:on 5 March 2009 10215: 10211: 10201: 10199: 10184: 10175: 10165: 10163: 10152: 10148: 10138: 10136: 10123: 10122: 10118: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10079: 10075: 10065: 10063: 10062:on 28 June 2011 10048: 10039: 10029: 10027: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10003: 10001: 9992: 9991: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9966: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9940: 9939: 9935: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9884: 9883: 9879: 9869: 9867: 9852: 9848: 9838: 9836: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9816: S/2005/662 9799: 9795: 9781: 9779: 9764: 9760: 9750: 9748: 9733: 9729: 9719: 9717: 9708: 9707: 9703: 9693: 9691: 9690:on 26 July 2008 9682: 9681: 9677: 9667: 9665: 9652: 9651: 9647: 9637: 9635: 9626: 9625: 9621: 9607: 9605: 9590: 9586: 9576: 9574: 9559: 9555: 9545: 9543: 9538:. 24 May 2019. 9530: 9529: 9525: 9515: 9513: 9506:Office Holidays 9500: 9499: 9495: 9485: 9483: 9470: 9469: 9465: 9455: 9453: 9440: 9439: 9435: 9425: 9423: 9418:. 5 June 1997. 9410: 9409: 9405: 9395: 9393: 9370: 9366: 9356: 9354: 9341: 9340: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9310: 9309: 9305: 9295: 9293: 9282: 9278: 9268: 9266: 9257: 9256: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9225: 9221: 9204: 9200: 9193: 9179: 9175: 9165: 9163: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9129: 9125: 9120: 9116: 9094: 9093: 9089: 9084: 9080: 9071: 9067: 9052: 9036: 9032: 9027: 9023: 9007: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8991: 8990: 8986: 8973: 8972: 8963: 8956: 8940: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8917: 8901: 8897: 8888:Wayback Machine 8879: 8875: 8869:Wayback Machine 8860: 8856: 8846: 8844: 8833: 8829: 8819: 8817: 8808: 8807: 8800: 8792: 8788: 8780: 8776: 8768: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8707: 8703: 8690: 8689: 8685: 8680: 8676: 8666: 8664: 8654: 8650: 8635: 8621: 8617: 8607: 8605: 8588: 8587: 8583: 8573: 8571: 8570:on 29 June 2006 8560: 8556: 8546: 8544: 8533: 8529: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8504: 8486: 8482: 8472: 8470: 8463: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8424: 8408: 8404: 8394: 8380: 8376: 8369: 8355: 8351: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8312: 8308: 8298: 8296: 8283: 8282: 8278: 8264: 8260: 8246: 8242: 8232: 8218: 8214: 8204: 8190: 8186: 8179: 8165: 8161: 8154: 8140: 8136: 8129: 8115: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8075: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8034: 8023: 8013: 8011: 8004: 7988: 7984: 7974: 7972: 7965: 7949: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7926: 7910: 7903: 7898: 7894: 7887: 7873: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7828: 7826: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7783: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7755: 7753: 7748:. 30 May 2017. 7738: 7737: 7733: 7723: 7721: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7690: 7688: 7681: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7642: 7634:. Oxbow Books. 7626: 7622: 7612: 7610: 7595: 7591: 7581: 7579: 7566: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7540: 7536: 7529: 7515: 7511: 7501: 7499: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7459: 7455: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7424: 7408: 7404: 7394: 7392: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7365: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7276: 7275: 7271: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7244: 7240: 7239: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7214: 7213: 7209: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7181: 7180: 7173: 7163: 7161: 7152: 7151: 7138: 7128: 7126: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7098: 7084: 7077: 7067: 7065: 7047: 7043: 7034: 7032: 7019: 7018: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6933: 6931: 6922: 6921: 6917: 6907: 6905: 6892: 6891: 6880: 6866: 6864: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6822: 6818: 6817: 6810: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6778: 6770: 6766: 6753: 6751: 6700: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6672: 6671: 6667: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6630: 6628: 6617: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6594: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6543: 6530: 6526: 6508: 6504: 6491: 6487: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6293:Beirut Marathon 6243: 6237: 6173: 6167: 6118:Julian calendar 6102: 6096: 6080:Egyptian cinema 6072: 6043:Majida El Roumi 6021: 6015: 6003:Hanan al-Shaykh 5962:In literature, 5960: 5938: 5930:Lebanese Arabic 5893: 5876: 5870: 5854: 5813: 5807: 5733: 5727: 5672:Lebanese Arabic 5668:French language 5664: 5658: 5650:Druze residents 5606:Shi'a residents 5598:Sunni residents 5440: 5422: 5416: 5411: 5177: 5171: 5167: 5124: 5118: 5114: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5042:armed conflicts 5035:Syrian refugees 5021:, 100,000 from 4978:Lebanese people 4950:located on the 4903: 4901:Lebanese people 4897: 4891: 4856: 4839: 4776: 4731: 4688: 4657: 4632:economic crisis 4600: 4594: 4574: 4568: 4516: 4505: 4495:behind Israel. 4462: 4456: 4401: 4395: 4120: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3932: 3922: 3859: 3847:Main articles: 3845: 3719:confessionalism 3696: 3688:Main articles: 3686: 3522: 3514:Main articles: 3512: 3496: 3490: 3422:above sea level 3373:mountain ranges 3322:and longitudes 3297: 3291: 3236:Future Movement 3228:Lebanese Forces 3143:economic crisis 3099: 3091:Main articles: 3089: 3064:Syrian refugees 2989:Michel Suleiman 2967:On 9 May 2008, 2903: 2891:Main articles: 2889: 2770:suicide attacks 2717: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2692: 2555: 2543:Main articles: 2541: 2514:an insurrection 2510:Camille Chamoun 2486:Camille Chamoun 2410: 2401:Rashayya prison 2382:Georges Catroux 2328: 2304:Greater Lebanon 2283:proclaimed the 2254:First World War 2250: 2237:First World War 2218:Greater Lebanon 2117:Fakhr al-Din II 2087: 2073: 2006:Fall of Tripoli 1900:Syriac language 1880: 1872:Sasanian Empire 1790:Cyrus the Great 1772:in present-day 1764:in present-day 1639: 1633: 1541: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1478: 1476: 1466: 1454: 1443: 1437: 1387:Greater Lebanon 1283: 1217:, coupled with 1168:Greater Lebanon 1117:Crusader states 1032: 1005: 995: 994: 979: 952: 948: 936: 934: 930: 927: 922: 919: 917: 915: 914: 908: 837: 834: 813: 782: 781: 780: 769: 757: 756: 755: 744: 723: 704: 692: 671: 652: 636: 624: 613:5,296,814 ( 610: 593: 579: 558: 545: 532: 522:24 October 1945 519: 505: 495: 482: 480:Greater Lebanon 469: 459:1 December 1843 456: 443: 405: 390: 373: 358:confessionalism 330: 306: 285:Lebanese Arabic 259: 257: 253: 250: 245: 242: 240: 238: 237: 236: 230: 213: 201: 187: 183: 175: 158: 153: 152: 140: 133: 132: 125: 117: 110: 99: 88: 82: 79: 68: 62:has an unclear 56: 52: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21698: 21688: 21687: 21682: 21677: 21672: 21667: 21662: 21657: 21652: 21647: 21642: 21637: 21632: 21627: 21622: 21617: 21600: 21599: 21594: 21593: 21590: 21587: 21586: 21583: 21582: 21580: 21579: 21574: 21572:Nicolás Maduro 21569: 21564: 21562:Nelson Mandela 21559: 21554: 21548: 21546: 21542: 21541: 21539: 21538: 21528: 21518: 21508: 21498: 21487: 21485: 21481: 21480: 21478: 21477: 21472: 21467: 21462: 21457: 21452: 21447: 21442: 21437: 21432: 21427: 21422: 21417: 21412: 21410:Brioni Meeting 21407: 21401: 21399: 21393: 21392: 21390: 21389: 21383: 21381: 21377: 21376: 21374: 21373: 21368: 21358: 21353: 21348: 21343: 21337: 21335: 21331: 21330: 21328: 21327: 21321: 21319: 21312: 21308: 21307: 21305: 21304: 21298: 21293: 21288: 21282: 21277: 21272: 21267: 21260: 21258: 21251: 21250: 21243: 21242: 21235: 21228: 21220: 21211: 21210: 21208: 21207: 21203: 21200: 21199: 21197: 21196: 21191: 21189:Largest cities 21186: 21181: 21180: 21179: 21174: 21169: 21167:GDP per capita 21164: 21153: 21151: 21147: 21146: 21143: 21142: 21140: 21139: 21134: 21129: 21124: 21119: 21114: 21109: 21104: 21099: 21094: 21088: 21086: 21079: 21075: 21074: 21071: 21070: 21068: 21067: 21061: 21055: 21049: 21043: 21041: 21034: 21030: 21029: 21026: 21025: 21022: 21021: 21019: 21018: 21016:United Nations 21013: 21008: 21003: 20998: 20992: 20990: 20985: 20982: 20981: 20979: 20978: 20972: 20970: 20965: 20962: 20961: 20959: 20958: 20953: 20948: 20943: 20938: 20932: 20930: 20925: 20919: 20915: 20914: 20912: 20911: 20905: 20903: 20899: 20898: 20896: 20895: 20890: 20885: 20880: 20875: 20870: 20865: 20860: 20855: 20850: 20845: 20840: 20835: 20830: 20825: 20820: 20815: 20810: 20809: 20808: 20798: 20793: 20788: 20783: 20778: 20773: 20768: 20763: 20758: 20753: 20748: 20743: 20738: 20733: 20728: 20723: 20718: 20713: 20708: 20703: 20698: 20693: 20688: 20683: 20678: 20673: 20668: 20663: 20658: 20653: 20648: 20643: 20638: 20633: 20628: 20623: 20618: 20613: 20607: 20605: 20598: 20592: 20591: 20589: 20588: 20578: 20575: 20574: 20566: 20565: 20558: 20551: 20543: 20534: 20533: 20531: 20530: 20529: 20528: 20526:Pan Arab Games 20518: 20512: 20509: 20508: 20506: 20505: 20500: 20495: 20494: 20493: 20488: 20478: 20472: 20470: 20466: 20465: 20463: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20447: 20441: 20439: 20435: 20434: 20431: 20430: 20428: 20427: 20421: 20419: 20415: 20414: 20412: 20411: 20406: 20401: 20396: 20391: 20385: 20383: 20379: 20378: 20376: 20375: 20370: 20365: 20360: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20335: 20330: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20310: 20305: 20300: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20280: 20275: 20270: 20264: 20262: 20253: 20249: 20248: 20241: 20239: 20237: 20236: 20231: 20226: 20223: 20218: 20213: 20208: 20203: 20198: 20193: 20187: 20185: 20179: 20178: 20176: 20175: 20165: 20154: 20151: 20150: 20143: 20142: 20135: 20128: 20120: 20111: 20110: 20108: 20107: 20105:Tyrrhenian Sea 20102: 20097: 20092: 20090:Sea of Marmara 20087: 20082: 20077: 20072: 20067: 20062: 20057: 20052: 20047: 20041: 20039: 20033: 20032: 20030: 20029: 20017: 20009: 19996: 19994: 19987: 19986: 19984: 19983: 19978: 19972: 19970: 19964: 19963: 19961: 19960: 19955: 19950: 19945: 19940: 19935: 19930: 19925: 19920: 19915: 19910: 19905: 19900: 19895: 19890: 19885: 19880: 19875: 19870: 19865: 19860: 19854: 19852: 19846: 19845: 19837: 19836: 19829: 19822: 19814: 19805: 19804: 19802: 19801: 19796: 19791: 19786: 19781: 19775: 19773: 19769: 19768: 19766: 19765: 19760: 19755: 19750: 19745: 19740: 19735: 19730: 19725: 19720: 19715: 19710: 19705: 19699: 19697: 19691: 19690: 19682: 19681: 19674: 19667: 19659: 19650: 19649: 19647: 19646: 19634: 19620: 19619: 19616: 19612: 19611: 19608: 19607: 19605: 19604: 19599: 19593: 19591: 19584: 19581: 19580: 19577: 19576: 19574: 19573: 19563: 19556: 19554: 19553:United Kingdom 19550: 19549: 19547: 19546: 19540: 19538: 19534: 19533: 19531: 19530: 19525: 19519: 19517: 19510: 19503: 19500: 19499: 19497: 19496: 19491: 19486: 19481: 19476: 19470: 19468: 19461: 19458: 19457: 19450: 19448: 19446: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19405: 19400: 19395: 19390: 19385: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19355: 19350: 19345: 19340: 19335: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 19205: 19199: 19197: 19191: 19190: 19179: 19178: 19171: 19164: 19156: 19147: 19146: 19144: 19143: 19138: 19137: 19136: 19126: 19121: 19116: 19111: 19105: 19103: 19099: 19098: 19096: 19095: 19094: 19093: 19083: 19078: 19073: 19067: 19065: 19059: 19058: 19056: 19055: 19053:Water conflict 19050: 19048:Water politics 19045: 19040: 19039: 19038: 19033: 19023: 19022: 19021: 19011: 19006: 19004:Climate change 19000: 18998: 18994: 18993: 18986: 18984: 18982: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18965: 18964: 18959: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18938: 18937: 18930: 18916: 18911: 18904: 18899: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18883: 18882: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18851: 18849: 18843: 18842: 18835: 18834: 18827: 18820: 18812: 18806: 18803: 18802: 18790: 18789: 18787: 18786: 18781: 18774: 18773: 18766: 18758: 18757: 18754: 18753: 18750: 18749: 18747: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18731: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18706: 18701: 18696: 18695: 18694: 18684: 18679: 18673: 18667: 18661: 18660: 18657: 18656: 18654: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18638: 18633: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18609: 18603: 18597: 18596: 18593: 18592: 18590: 18589: 18584: 18582:Prime Minister 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 18563: 18562: 18557: 18547: 18542: 18537: 18531: 18525: 18519: 18518: 18515: 18514: 18512: 18511: 18506: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18486: 18481: 18476: 18471: 18466: 18460: 18454: 18448: 18447: 18445: 18444: 18439: 18434: 18429: 18427:French mandate 18424: 18423: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18405:Ottoman Empire 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18366: 18364: 18358: 18357: 18346: 18345: 18338: 18331: 18323: 18317: 18316: 18305: 18304: 18294: 18285: 18262: 18254: 18253:External links 18251: 18250: 18249: 18243: 18240: 18233: 18226: 18223: 18216: 18199: 18192: 18182:Glass, Charles 18179: 18174:Fisk, Robert. 18172: 18165: 18149: 18146: 18145: 18144: 18126: 18111: 18105: 18090: 18087: 18084: 18083: 18053: 18023: 17997: 17971: 17945: 17930:. goalzz.com. 17919: 17889: 17863: 17837: 17826:on 29 May 2013 17811: 17785: 17774: 17756: 17739:The Daily Star 17726: 17696: 17665: 17639: 17620: 17600: 17574: 17567: 17539: 17532: 17507: 17493: 17467: 17437: 17418: 17398: 17366: 17347: 17327: 17280: 17257:Houissa, Ali. 17249: 17235: 17207: 17187: 17173: 17151: 17121: 17104:The New Yorker 17090: 17064: 17038: 17015: 16989: 16959: 16933: 16906: 16879: 16853: 16827: 16797: 16767: 16737: 16707: 16677: 16647: 16621: 16610:on 6 July 2006 16595: 16584: 16558: 16532: 16506: 16476: 16444: 16413: 16387: 16373: 16364:Plus ça change 16353: 16327: 16297: 16267: 16248: 16225: 16194:(3): 270–286. 16174: 16167: 16147: 16140: 16120: 16081: 16043: 16022:"WVS Database" 16013: 15995:The Daily Star 15981: 15957: 15933: 15907: 15897: 15879: 15849: 15842: 15823: 15786: 15776: 15758: 15740: 15715: 15684: 15654: 15624: 15594: 15567: 15537: 15506: 15480: 15454: 15421: 15394: 15368: 15338: 15308: 15282: 15243: 15224: 15204: 15202: 15201: 15160: 15133: 15104: 15078: 15052: 15035:The Daily Star 15021: 14991: 14965: 14930: 14904: 14871: 14845: 14819: 14792: 14760: 14725: 14694: 14668: 14636: 14629: 14611: 14598: 14568: 14537: 14507: 14481: 14436: 14406: 14376: 14367:|website= 14337: 14309: 14278: 14248: 14222: 14196: 14166: 14136: 14106: 14080: 14050: 14005: 13964: 13934: 13908: 13876: 13850: 13834: 13811:. 9 May 2020. 13796: 13755: 13714: 13676: 13650: 13635:. Export.gov. 13619: 13589: 13562: 13536: 13506: 13476: 13445: 13414: 13403:on 16 May 2011 13381: 13349: 13317: 13284: 13273:on 23 May 2012 13257: 13231: 13201: 13163: 13129: 13097: 13071: 13041: 13009: 12983: 12965: 12948:The Daily Star 12935: 12904: 12878: 12852: 12819: 12792: 12763: 12742: 12715:(2): 207–225. 12709:World Politics 12699: 12672: 12643: 12636: 12615: 12588: 12550: 12519: 12489: 12463: 12433: 12397:The Daily Star 12384: 12375: 12358:The Daily Star 12345: 12297: 12266: 12229:(6): 534–545. 12209: 12179: 12153: 12136:The Daily Star 12120: 12055: 12044:on 19 May 2012 12028: 12011: 11998: 11971: 11940: 11931: 11905: 11879: 11859: 11833: 11802: 11795: 11770: 11761: 11743: 11725: 11707: 11677: 11659: 11629: 11596: 11565: 11535: 11504: 11473: 11442: 11423: 11393: 11363: 11336: 11306: 11275: 11245: 11213: 11196:The Daily Star 11183: 11153: 11123: 11093: 11060: 11027: 11009:The Daily Star 10995: 10965: 10935: 10909: 10864: 10847:Bloomberg News 10829: 10799: 10769: 10736: 10706: 10676: 10665:on 9 June 2020 10658:The Daily Star 10644: 10618: 10600:The Daily Star 10586: 10555: 10529: 10508:(4): 464–481. 10488: 10457:(3): 393–419. 10437: 10410: 10381: 10350: 10332: 10302: 10268: 10242: 10224:The Daily Star 10209: 10173: 10146: 10116: 10103: 10073: 10037: 10011: 9985: 9970:. Mfa.gov.il. 9959: 9933: 9903: 9877: 9846: 9820: 9793: 9758: 9727: 9701: 9675: 9645: 9619: 9584: 9553: 9523: 9493: 9463: 9433: 9403: 9364: 9329: 9303: 9276: 9250: 9219: 9198: 9191: 9173: 9135: 9123: 9114: 9087: 9078: 9065: 9050: 9044:. Touchstone. 9030: 9021: 8984: 8961: 8955:978-0415685016 8954: 8934: 8915: 8895: 8873: 8854: 8839:. Al Jazeera. 8827: 8798: 8796:, p. 260. 8786: 8784:, p. 259. 8774: 8772:, p. 524. 8762: 8732: 8721:on 9 July 2008 8701: 8683: 8674: 8648: 8633: 8615: 8581: 8554: 8543:on 13 May 2011 8527: 8513: 8502: 8480: 8461: 8441: 8422: 8402: 8392: 8374: 8367: 8349: 8334: 8327: 8306: 8276: 8266:Hobby (1985). 8258: 8240: 8230: 8212: 8202: 8184: 8177: 8159: 8152: 8134: 8127: 8092: 8073: 8053: 8046: 8021: 8002: 7982: 7963: 7943: 7924: 7901: 7892: 7885: 7862: 7836: 7810: 7793: 7763: 7731: 7701: 7679: 7659: 7640: 7620: 7603:The New Yorker 7589: 7559: 7553:978-1107411432 7552: 7534: 7527: 7509: 7478: 7471: 7453: 7451:, p. 177. 7441: 7422: 7402: 7372: 7359: 7327: 7301: 7269: 7233: 7207: 7196:on 30 May 2008 7194:(Governmental) 7171: 7136: 7106: 7096: 7075: 7041: 7003: 6988:. adcidl.com. 6977: 6941: 6915: 6878: 6843: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6764: 6714:(4): 723–744. 6691: 6665: 6658: 6638: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6588:Antoine Ghanim 6580:Pierre Gemayel 6556:Bassel Fleihan 6546: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6524: 6502: 6485: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6438: 6435:Lebanon portal 6422: 6419: 6402:Pan Arab Games 6319:2017 World Cup 6239:Main article: 6236: 6233: 6169:Main article: 6166: 6163: 6122:Greek Orthodox 6098:Main article: 6095: 6092: 6071: 6068: 6017:Main article: 6014: 6011: 5959: 5956: 5937: 5934: 5872:Main article: 5869: 5866: 5853: 5850: 5809:Main article: 5806: 5803: 5766:(AUB) and the 5729:Main article: 5726: 5723: 5660:Main article: 5657: 5654: 5646:Greek Catholic 5504:Greek Orthodox 5418:Main article: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5384:Baalbek-Hermel 5381: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5160: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5128: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5047: 4926:fertility rate 4893:Main article: 4890: 4887: 4852:Main article: 4838: 4835: 4808:Port of Beirut 4775: 4772: 4761:Edgar Choueiri 4730: 4727: 4709:Lebanon has a 4687: 4684: 4656: 4653: 4596:Main article: 4593: 4590: 4570:Main article: 4567: 4564: 4511: 4504: 4501: 4458:Main article: 4455: 4452: 4397:Main article: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4377: 4367: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4195: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4053:Baalbek-Hermel 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3945: 3940: 3933: 3926: 3844: 3841: 3802:Taif Agreement 3735:Prime Minister 3717:that includes 3685: 3682: 3673:Saad Al-Hariri 3511: 3508: 3492:Main article: 3489: 3486: 3403:Ras al-Naqoura 3306:, a view from 3304:Kadisha Valley 3293:Main article: 3290: 3287: 3252:Lebanese pound 3213:United Nations 3190:Lebanese pound 3166:Raymond Ghajar 3088: 3085: 2985:Doha Agreement 2950:Fatah al-Islam 2888: 2885: 2831:Hafez al-Assad 2827:Liberation Day 2819:Taif Agreement 2739:Bachir Gemayel 2712: 2706: 2700: 2691: 2665:Menachem Begin 2630:Resolution 425 2567:armed campaign 2557:With the 1970 2540: 2537: 2449:Greek Orthodox 2418:United Nations 2409: 2406: 2336:French Mandate 2327: 2324: 2279:In 1920, King 2266:Ottoman Empire 2249: 2248:French Mandate 2246: 2176:Ottoman Empire 2133:last Maan emir 2102:Ottoman Empire 2096:, 17th century 2072: 2069: 2064:Constantinople 1917:Shiite Muslims 1879: 1876: 1817:Roman Republic 1796:following the 1747:Greek alphabet 1635:Main article: 1632: 1629: 1612:crusader state 1543: 1542: 1457: 1455: 1448: 1439:Main article: 1436: 1433: 1282: 1279: 1251:United Nations 1052:, bordered by 937:33.833; 35.833 910: 909: 907: 906: 897: 891: 889: 883: 882: 877: 871: 870: 865: 859: 858: 855: 849: 848: 835: 828: 825: 824: 811: 807: 806: 799:Lebanese pound 796: 792: 791: 772: 762: 761: 747: 737: 736: 724: 721: 718: 717: 705: 702: 699: 698: 695: 685: 684: 679:$ 11,793 ( 672: 669: 666: 665: 653: 650: 647: 646: 643: 629: 628: 625: 623:• Density 622: 619: 618: 611: 608: 605: 604: 598: 597: 594: 591: 588: 587: 580: 577: 574: 573: 567: 566: 563: 562: 559: 553: 550: 549: 546: 540: 537: 536: 533: 527: 524: 523: 520: 516:French mandate 513: 510: 509: 506: 503: 500: 499: 496: 490: 487: 486: 483: 477: 474: 473: 470: 464: 461: 460: 457: 451: 448: 447: 444: 438: 435: 434: 431: 430: 426: 425: 420: 416: 415: 412: 411: 406: 400: 397: 396: 391: 388:Prime Minister 385: 382: 381: 374: 368: 365: 364: 361: 360: 356:that includes 350: 344: 343: 338: 332: 331: 329: 328: 322: 316: 309: 307: 304: 298: 297: 292: 288: 287: 282: 278: 277: 272: 268: 267: 260:33.900; 35.533 231: 228: 224: 223: 215: 214: 211: 203: 202: 185: 160: 159: 154: 146: 145: 142: 141: 118: 115: 101: 100: 83:September 2024 64:citation style 59: 57: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21697: 21686: 21683: 21681: 21678: 21676: 21673: 21671: 21668: 21666: 21663: 21661: 21658: 21656: 21653: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21623: 21621: 21618: 21616: 21613: 21612: 21610: 21588: 21578: 21575: 21573: 21570: 21568: 21567:Mohamed Morsi 21565: 21563: 21560: 21558: 21555: 21553: 21550: 21549: 21547: 21543: 21536: 21532: 21529: 21526: 21522: 21521:Kwame Nkrumah 21519: 21516: 21512: 21509: 21506: 21502: 21499: 21496: 21492: 21489: 21488: 21486: 21482: 21476: 21473: 21471: 21468: 21466: 21463: 21461: 21458: 21456: 21453: 21451: 21448: 21446: 21443: 21441: 21438: 21436: 21433: 21431: 21428: 21426: 21423: 21421: 21418: 21416: 21413: 21411: 21408: 21406: 21403: 21402: 21400: 21398: 21394: 21388: 21385: 21384: 21382: 21378: 21372: 21369: 21366: 21362: 21359: 21357: 21354: 21352: 21349: 21347: 21344: 21342: 21339: 21338: 21336: 21334:Organizations 21332: 21326: 21323: 21322: 21320: 21316: 21313: 21309: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21289: 21286: 21283: 21281: 21278: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21268: 21265: 21262: 21261: 21259: 21256: 21252: 21248: 21241: 21236: 21234: 21229: 21227: 21222: 21221: 21218: 21205: 21204: 21201: 21195: 21192: 21190: 21187: 21185: 21182: 21178: 21175: 21173: 21170: 21168: 21165: 21163: 21160: 21159: 21158: 21155: 21154: 21152: 21148: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21125: 21123: 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21089: 21087: 21085:Extraordinary 21083: 21080: 21076: 21065: 21062: 21059: 21056: 21053: 21050: 21048: 21045: 21044: 21042: 21038: 21035: 21031: 21017: 21014: 21012: 21009: 21007: 21004: 21002: 21001:African Union 20999: 20997: 20994: 20993: 20991: 20988:organizations 20986:International 20983: 20977: 20974: 20973: 20971: 20963: 20957: 20954: 20952: 20949: 20947: 20944: 20942: 20939: 20937: 20934: 20933: 20931: 20923: 20920: 20916: 20910: 20907: 20906: 20904: 20900: 20894: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20884: 20881: 20879: 20876: 20874: 20871: 20869: 20866: 20864: 20861: 20859: 20856: 20854: 20851: 20849: 20846: 20844: 20841: 20839: 20836: 20834: 20831: 20829: 20826: 20824: 20821: 20819: 20816: 20814: 20811: 20807: 20804: 20803: 20802: 20799: 20797: 20794: 20792: 20789: 20787: 20784: 20782: 20779: 20777: 20774: 20772: 20769: 20767: 20764: 20762: 20759: 20757: 20754: 20752: 20749: 20747: 20744: 20742: 20739: 20737: 20734: 20732: 20729: 20727: 20724: 20722: 20719: 20717: 20714: 20712: 20709: 20707: 20704: 20702: 20699: 20697: 20696:Guinea-Bissau 20694: 20692: 20689: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20677: 20674: 20672: 20669: 20667: 20664: 20662: 20659: 20657: 20654: 20652: 20649: 20647: 20644: 20642: 20639: 20637: 20634: 20632: 20629: 20627: 20624: 20622: 20619: 20617: 20614: 20612: 20609: 20608: 20606: 20602: 20599: 20597: 20596:Member states 20593: 20587: 20583: 20580: 20579: 20576: 20571: 20564: 20559: 20557: 20552: 20550: 20545: 20544: 20541: 20527: 20524: 20523: 20522: 20519: 20517: 20514: 20513: 20510: 20504: 20501: 20499: 20496: 20492: 20489: 20487: 20484: 20483: 20482: 20479: 20477: 20474: 20473: 20471: 20467: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20453: 20451: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20442: 20440: 20436: 20426: 20423: 20422: 20420: 20416: 20410: 20407: 20405: 20402: 20400: 20397: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20386: 20384: 20380: 20374: 20371: 20369: 20366: 20364: 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20309: 20306: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20281: 20279: 20276: 20274: 20271: 20269: 20266: 20265: 20263: 20261: 20257: 20254: 20250: 20245: 20235: 20232: 20230: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20217: 20214: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20199: 20197: 20194: 20192: 20189: 20188: 20186: 20184: 20180: 20174: 20166: 20164: 20156: 20155: 20152: 20148: 20141: 20136: 20134: 20129: 20127: 20122: 20121: 20118: 20106: 20103: 20101: 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20086: 20083: 20081: 20078: 20076: 20073: 20071: 20070:Levantine Sea 20068: 20066: 20063: 20061: 20058: 20056: 20053: 20051: 20048: 20046: 20043: 20042: 20040: 20038: 20037:Marginal seas 20034: 20025: 20021: 20018: 20013: 20010: 20006: 20001: 19998: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19988: 19982: 19979: 19977: 19974: 19973: 19971: 19969: 19965: 19959: 19956: 19954: 19951: 19949: 19946: 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19934: 19931: 19929: 19926: 19924: 19921: 19919: 19916: 19914: 19911: 19909: 19906: 19904: 19901: 19899: 19896: 19894: 19891: 19889: 19886: 19884: 19881: 19879: 19876: 19874: 19871: 19869: 19866: 19864: 19861: 19859: 19856: 19855: 19853: 19851: 19847: 19843: 19835: 19830: 19828: 19823: 19821: 19816: 19815: 19812: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19776: 19774: 19770: 19764: 19761: 19759: 19756: 19754: 19751: 19749: 19746: 19744: 19741: 19739: 19736: 19734: 19731: 19729: 19726: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19700: 19698: 19696: 19692: 19688: 19687:Arabian Plate 19680: 19675: 19673: 19668: 19666: 19661: 19660: 19657: 19645: 19644: 19639: 19635: 19633: 19632: 19623: 19622: 19617: 19614: 19613: 19609: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19594: 19592: 19589: 19582: 19571: 19567: 19564: 19561: 19558: 19557: 19555: 19551: 19545: 19542: 19541: 19539: 19535: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19520: 19518: 19514: 19511: 19508: 19501: 19495: 19492: 19490: 19489:South Ossetia 19487: 19485: 19482: 19480: 19477: 19475: 19472: 19471: 19469: 19466: 19459: 19454: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19404: 19401: 19399: 19396: 19394: 19391: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19346: 19344: 19341: 19339: 19336: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19326: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19251: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19200: 19198: 19196: 19192: 19188: 19184: 19177: 19172: 19170: 19165: 19163: 19158: 19157: 19154: 19142: 19139: 19135: 19132: 19131: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19120: 19117: 19115: 19112: 19110: 19107: 19106: 19104: 19100: 19092: 19089: 19088: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19071:Ethnic groups 19069: 19068: 19066: 19064: 19060: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19028: 19027: 19024: 19020: 19017: 19016: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19002: 19001: 18999: 18995: 18990: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18963: 18960: 18958: 18955: 18954: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18936: 18935: 18931: 18929: 18928: 18924: 18923: 18922: 18921: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18909: 18905: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18881: 18878: 18877: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18852: 18850: 18848: 18844: 18840: 18833: 18828: 18826: 18821: 18819: 18814: 18813: 18810: 18804: 18797: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18776: 18771: 18767: 18764: 18760: 18759: 18755: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18693: 18690: 18689: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18680: 18678: 18675: 18674: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18662: 18652: 18651:Drug industry 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18632: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18610: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18598: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18552: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18541: 18538: 18536: 18533: 18532: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18520: 18510: 18507: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18495: 18494:Mount Lebanon 18492: 18490: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18475: 18472: 18470: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18461: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18449: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18407: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18367: 18365: 18363: 18359: 18355: 18351: 18344: 18339: 18337: 18332: 18330: 18325: 18324: 18321: 18315: 18307: 18306: 18302: 18301:Arab Decision 18298: 18295: 18293: 18289: 18286: 18283: 18279: 18278: 18273: 18269: 18266: 18263: 18260: 18257: 18256: 18247: 18244: 18241: 18238: 18234: 18231: 18227: 18224: 18221: 18217: 18214: 18213:1-931956-61-8 18210: 18206: 18203: 18200: 18197: 18193: 18191: 18190:0-436-18130-4 18187: 18183: 18180: 18177: 18173: 18170: 18166: 18164: 18163:2-7053-3739-3 18160: 18156: 18152: 18151: 18133: 18129: 18123: 18119: 18118: 18112: 18108: 18102: 18098: 18093: 18092: 18071: 18067: 18063: 18057: 18041: 18037: 18033: 18027: 18011: 18007: 18001: 17985: 17981: 17975: 17959: 17955: 17949: 17933: 17929: 17923: 17907: 17903: 17899: 17893: 17877: 17873: 17867: 17851: 17847: 17841: 17825: 17821: 17815: 17799: 17795: 17789: 17783: 17778: 17772: 17768: 17765: 17760: 17744: 17740: 17736: 17730: 17714: 17710: 17706: 17700: 17684: 17680: 17676: 17669: 17653: 17649: 17643: 17627: 17623: 17617: 17613: 17612: 17604: 17588: 17584: 17578: 17570: 17564: 17560: 17556: 17555: 17550: 17543: 17535: 17529: 17525: 17521: 17514: 17512: 17496: 17490: 17486: 17481: 17480: 17471: 17455: 17451: 17447: 17441: 17425: 17421: 17415: 17411: 17410: 17402: 17383: 17376: 17370: 17354: 17350: 17344: 17340: 17339: 17331: 17323: 17319: 17315: 17311: 17307: 17303: 17299: 17295: 17291: 17284: 17268: 17264: 17260: 17253: 17238: 17232: 17228: 17224: 17223: 17218: 17211: 17205: 17204:0-205-40242-9 17201: 17197: 17191: 17176: 17170: 17166: 17162: 17155: 17139: 17135: 17131: 17125: 17109: 17105: 17101: 17094: 17078: 17074: 17068: 17052: 17048: 17042: 17036: 17032: 17028: 17022: 17020: 17004: 17000: 16993: 16977: 16973: 16969: 16963: 16947: 16943: 16937: 16926: 16919: 16913: 16911: 16899: 16892: 16886: 16884: 16867: 16863: 16857: 16841: 16837: 16831: 16815: 16811: 16807: 16801: 16785: 16781: 16777: 16771: 16755: 16751: 16747: 16741: 16725: 16721: 16717: 16711: 16695: 16691: 16687: 16681: 16665: 16661: 16657: 16651: 16635: 16631: 16625: 16609: 16605: 16599: 16593: 16588: 16572: 16568: 16562: 16546: 16542: 16536: 16520: 16516: 16510: 16494: 16490: 16486: 16480: 16461: 16454: 16448: 16432: 16428: 16424: 16417: 16402: 16398: 16391: 16376: 16370: 16366: 16365: 16357: 16341: 16338:. France 24. 16337: 16331: 16315: 16311: 16307: 16301: 16285: 16281: 16277: 16271: 16255: 16251: 16245: 16241: 16240: 16232: 16230: 16213: 16209: 16205: 16201: 16197: 16193: 16189: 16185: 16178: 16170: 16164: 16160: 16159: 16151: 16143: 16137: 16133: 16132: 16124: 16109: 16105: 16101: 16097: 16090: 16088: 16086: 16069: 16065: 16061: 16057: 16056:The Economist 16053: 16047: 16031: 16027: 16023: 16017: 16001: 15997: 15996: 15991: 15985: 15978: 15977: 15973: 15969: 15966: 15961: 15954: 15953: 15949: 15945: 15942: 15937: 15921: 15917: 15911: 15904: 15900: 15898:9781135980795 15894: 15890: 15883: 15867: 15863: 15859: 15853: 15845: 15843:9781438774824 15839: 15835: 15834: 15827: 15811: 15807: 15803: 15797: 15795: 15793: 15791: 15783: 15779: 15773: 15769: 15762: 15754: 15750: 15744: 15725: 15719: 15703: 15699: 15695: 15688: 15672: 15668: 15664: 15658: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15628: 15612: 15608: 15604: 15598: 15581: 15577: 15571: 15555: 15551: 15547: 15541: 15525: 15521: 15517: 15510: 15494: 15490: 15484: 15468: 15464: 15458: 15439: 15432: 15425: 15409: 15405: 15398: 15382: 15378: 15372: 15356: 15352: 15348: 15342: 15326: 15322: 15318: 15312: 15296: 15292: 15286: 15267: 15260: 15254: 15252: 15250: 15248: 15231: 15227: 15221: 15217: 15216: 15208: 15199: 15184: 15180: 15173: 15168: 15167: 15164: 15148: 15144: 15137: 15121: 15114: 15108: 15092: 15088: 15082: 15066: 15062: 15056: 15040: 15036: 15032: 15025: 15009: 15005: 15001: 14995: 14979: 14975: 14969: 14953: 14949: 14945: 14941: 14934: 14918: 14914: 14908: 14892: 14888: 14887:The Economist 14884: 14878: 14876: 14859: 14855: 14849: 14833: 14829: 14823: 14807: 14803: 14796: 14777: 14770: 14764: 14745: 14738: 14732: 14730: 14713: 14709: 14705: 14698: 14682: 14678: 14672: 14653: 14646: 14640: 14632: 14630:9781107507180 14626: 14622: 14615: 14608: 14605:Podeh, Elie. 14602: 14586: 14582: 14578: 14572: 14556: 14552: 14548: 14541: 14525: 14521: 14517: 14511: 14495: 14491: 14485: 14477: 14471: 14455: 14451: 14447: 14440: 14424: 14420: 14416: 14410: 14394: 14390: 14386: 14380: 14372: 14360: 14344: 14340: 14334: 14330: 14326: 14322: 14321: 14313: 14297: 14293: 14289: 14282: 14266: 14262: 14258: 14252: 14237:. 5 July 2021 14236: 14232: 14226: 14210: 14206: 14200: 14184: 14180: 14176: 14170: 14154: 14150: 14146: 14140: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14110: 14094: 14090: 14084: 14068: 14064: 14060: 14054: 14038: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14025:The Economist 14022: 14016: 14014: 14012: 14010: 14001: 13995: 13980: 13979: 13974: 13968: 13952: 13948: 13944: 13938: 13922: 13918: 13912: 13893: 13886: 13880: 13864: 13860: 13854: 13847: 13841: 13839: 13822: 13818: 13814: 13810: 13809:The Economist 13806: 13800: 13784: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13771:The Economist 13768: 13762: 13760: 13743: 13739: 13735: 13731: 13730:The Economist 13727: 13721: 13719: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13689:The Economist 13686: 13680: 13664: 13660: 13654: 13638: 13634: 13628: 13626: 13624: 13607: 13603: 13599: 13593: 13578: 13574: 13573: 13566: 13550: 13546: 13540: 13524: 13520: 13516: 13510: 13494: 13490: 13486: 13480: 13464: 13460: 13456: 13449: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13418: 13399: 13392: 13385: 13369: 13365: 13358: 13356: 13354: 13334: 13327: 13321: 13305: 13301: 13300: 13295: 13288: 13272: 13268: 13261: 13245: 13241: 13240:"LAF Mission" 13235: 13219: 13215: 13211: 13205: 13189: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13176:The Economist 13173: 13167: 13151: 13147: 13143: 13136: 13134: 13114: 13107: 13101: 13085: 13081: 13075: 13059: 13055: 13051: 13045: 13029: 13025: 13024: 13019: 13013: 12997: 12993: 12987: 12980: 12976: 12973: 12969: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12939: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12908: 12892: 12888: 12882: 12866: 12862: 12856: 12840: 12836: 12831: 12823: 12807: 12803: 12796: 12780: 12776: 12770: 12768: 12760: 12756: 12752: 12746: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12710: 12703: 12687: 12683: 12676: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12648: 12639: 12633: 12629: 12622: 12620: 12603: 12599: 12592: 12576: 12572: 12568: 12564: 12563:The Economist 12560: 12554: 12538: 12535:(in Arabic). 12534: 12530: 12523: 12507: 12503: 12499: 12493: 12477: 12473: 12467: 12451: 12447: 12443: 12437: 12421: 12417: 12402: 12398: 12394: 12388: 12379: 12363: 12359: 12355: 12349: 12342: 12338: 12335: 12332: 12328: 12325: 12322: 12318: 12315: 12312: 12308: 12305: 12301: 12285: 12281: 12277: 12270: 12262: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12213: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12183: 12167: 12163: 12157: 12141: 12137: 12133: 12127: 12125: 12116: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12078: 12074: 12070: 12066: 12059: 12043: 12039: 12032: 12025: 12021: 12020:Cedrus libani 12015: 12008: 12002: 11986: 11982: 11975: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11944: 11935: 11919: 11915: 11909: 11893: 11889: 11883: 11877: 11876:88-476-1489-9 11873: 11869: 11863: 11844: 11837: 11821: 11817: 11813: 11806: 11798: 11792: 11788: 11781: 11779: 11777: 11775: 11765: 11757: 11753: 11747: 11739: 11735: 11729: 11721: 11717: 11711: 11695: 11691: 11687: 11681: 11673: 11669: 11663: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11633: 11617: 11613: 11612:Aljazeera.com 11609: 11603: 11601: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11569: 11553: 11549: 11545: 11539: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11508: 11492: 11488: 11484: 11477: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11446: 11438: 11434: 11427: 11411: 11407: 11403: 11397: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11367: 11352: 11348: 11347: 11340: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11310: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11279: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11249: 11233: 11229: 11228: 11223: 11217: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11187: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11157: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11127: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11097: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11067: 11065: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11032: 11015: 11011: 11010: 11005: 10999: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10969: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10939: 10923: 10919: 10913: 10905: 10899: 10883: 10879: 10875: 10868: 10852: 10848: 10844: 10843:Bloomberg.com 10840: 10833: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10803: 10787: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10743: 10741: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10710: 10694: 10690: 10689:aljazeera.com 10686: 10680: 10664: 10660: 10659: 10654: 10648: 10632: 10628: 10622: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10596: 10590: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10559: 10543: 10539: 10533: 10525: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10492: 10484: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10441: 10425: 10421: 10414: 10398: 10394: 10388: 10386: 10369: 10365: 10361: 10354: 10346: 10342: 10336: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10306: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10272: 10256: 10252: 10246: 10230: 10226: 10225: 10220: 10213: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10161: 10157: 10150: 10134: 10130: 10126: 10120: 10106: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10077: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10046: 10044: 10042: 10025: 10021: 10015: 9999: 9995: 9989: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9947: 9943: 9937: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9916:The Economist 9913: 9907: 9891: 9887: 9881: 9865: 9861: 9857: 9850: 9834: 9830: 9824: 9817: 9815: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9797: 9790: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9762: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9731: 9715: 9711: 9705: 9689: 9685: 9679: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9649: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9616: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9588: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9557: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9497: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9437: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9407: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9368: 9352: 9349:(in Arabic). 9348: 9344: 9338: 9336: 9334: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9291: 9287: 9280: 9264: 9260: 9254: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9202: 9194: 9188: 9184: 9177: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9148:The Economist 9145: 9139: 9132: 9127: 9118: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9091: 9082: 9075: 9069: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9051:9780671602161 9047: 9043: 9042: 9034: 9025: 9017: 9011: 8996: 8995: 8988: 8980: 8976: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8957: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8938: 8922: 8918: 8912: 8908: 8907: 8899: 8892: 8889: 8885: 8882: 8877: 8870: 8866: 8863: 8858: 8842: 8838: 8831: 8815: 8811: 8805: 8803: 8795: 8790: 8783: 8778: 8771: 8766: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8705: 8697: 8693: 8687: 8678: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8626: 8619: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8569: 8565: 8558: 8542: 8538: 8531: 8523: 8517: 8510: 8505: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8484: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8454: 8453: 8445: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8415: 8414: 8406: 8399: 8395: 8393:9780817916664 8389: 8385: 8378: 8370: 8364: 8360: 8353: 8345: 8338: 8330: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8310: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8280: 8273: 8269: 8262: 8255: 8251: 8244: 8237: 8233: 8231:9789652260499 8227: 8223: 8216: 8209: 8205: 8203:9781317931737 8199: 8195: 8188: 8180: 8178:9780704372979 8174: 8170: 8163: 8155: 8153:9780704372979 8149: 8145: 8138: 8130: 8124: 8120: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8080: 8076: 8070: 8066: 8065: 8057: 8049: 8043: 8039: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8009: 8005: 8003:9781576073353 7999: 7995: 7994: 7986: 7970: 7966: 7964:9780307948922 7960: 7956: 7955: 7947: 7931: 7927: 7925:9780313365799 7921: 7917: 7916: 7908: 7906: 7896: 7888: 7882: 7878: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7850: 7846: 7840: 7824: 7820: 7814: 7807: 7803: 7797: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7751: 7747: 7746:The Telegraph 7742: 7735: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7705: 7698: 7686: 7682: 7680:1-57607-919-8 7676: 7672: 7671: 7663: 7647: 7643: 7637: 7633: 7632: 7624: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7593: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7555: 7549: 7545: 7538: 7530: 7524: 7520: 7513: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7474: 7468: 7464: 7457: 7450: 7445: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7415: 7414: 7406: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7381:"Arab League" 7376: 7369: 7363: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7331: 7315: 7312:. June 2021. 7311: 7305: 7289: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7273: 7254: 7250: 7243: 7237: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7176: 7159: 7155: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7110: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7089: 7082: 7080: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6962: 6958: 6951: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6876: 6863: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6828: 6821: 6815: 6813: 6803: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6768: 6761: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6698: 6696: 6679: 6675: 6669: 6661: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6642: 6626: 6622: 6615: 6613: 6608: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6547: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6520: 6506: 6499: 6495: 6489: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6439: 6436: 6425: 6418: 6415: 6414:Olympic Games 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6398:AFC Asian Cup 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6242: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6225:Arabic coffee 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6060: 6056: 6055:Julia Boutros 6052: 6048: 6047:Wadih El Safi 6044: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6010: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5991: 5990:Mikhail Naimy 5987: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5964:Kahlil Gibran 5955: 5952: 5948: 5943: 5933: 5931: 5926: 5925:Ottoman Turks 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5894: 150 AD 5888: 5884: 5880: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5852:Mental health 5849: 5847: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5817: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5622:Mount Lebanon 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5526:67.8% (31.9% 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5367: 5366:Mount Lebanon 5364: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5331: 5330:Mount Lebanon 5328: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5313: 5312:Mount Lebanon 5310: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228:Mount Lebanon 5226: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4979: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4964:Latin America 4961: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4939: 4936:and 1.61 for 4935: 4931: 4927: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4847: 4843: 4834: 4832: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4783: 4779: 4771: 4769: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757:Rammal Rammal 4754: 4750: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4617:laissez-faire 4614: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4589: 4585: 4583: 4582:homosexuality 4579: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4522:French system 4514: 4509: 4500: 4496: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4466: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4405: 4400: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4198:Western Beqaa 4196: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4095: 4089: 4084: 4077: 4072: 4071: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4054: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4032: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4005: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3983: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3900: 3895: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3817:head of state 3809: 3805: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3762:Freedom House 3758: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3723:National Pact 3720: 3716: 3713:Lebanon is a 3709: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3667:according to 3666: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3645: 3644:Bourj Hammoud 3639: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3619:Mount Lebanon 3616: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3574:Cedars of God 3571: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3530:Lebanon cedar 3526: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3474:Mount Lebanon 3471: 3470:non-navigable 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3434:Mount Sannine 3431: 3430:North Lebanon 3427: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3395:coastal plain 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3379:physiographic 3372: 3368: 3367:Mount Lebanon 3363: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3352:Golan Heights 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3332:Arabian Plate 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3221:Michel Aoun's 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3042:In 2012, the 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2958:Fouad Siniora 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2942:Nahr al-Bared 2940:In 2007, the 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2881:Mehlis report 2878: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2838: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2823:Qana massacre 2820: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2788:Amine Gemayel 2784: 2782: 2781:Islamic state 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2698: 2688: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2504: 2501:According to 2499: 2495: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433:National Pact 2429: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2337: 2332: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044:First Crusade 2041: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860:Mount Lebanon 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727:Hiram of Tyre 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1610:empires. The 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1539: 1536: 1528: 1525:November 2017 1517: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1486: – 1485: 1481: 1480:Find sources: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1458:This section 1456: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1287:Mount Lebanon 1278: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1201:Lebanon is a 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064:to the west; 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1029: 1023: 1014: 1010: 1009: 998: 991: 946: 941: 903: 898: 896: 893: 892: 890: 888: 884: 881: 878: 876: 875:ISO 3166 code 872: 869: 866: 864: 860: 856: 854: 850: 846: 840: 836: 832: 826: 822: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 797: 793: 789: 773: 767: 763: 748: 742: 738: 734: 731:$ 3,283 ( 725: 719: 715: 706: 700: 696: 690: 686: 682: 673: 667: 663: 654: 648: 644: 640: 634: 630: 626: 620: 616: 612: 606: 603: 599: 595: 589: 585: 581: 575: 572: 568: 564: 561:30 April 2005 560: 557: 551: 547: 544: 538: 535:17 April 1946 534: 531: 530:French forces 525: 521: 517: 511: 507: 501: 497: 494: 488: 484: 481: 475: 471: 468: 462: 458: 455: 449: 445: 442: 436: 432: 429:Establishment 427: 424: 421: 417: 413: 410: 407: 404: 398: 395: 392: 389: 383: 380: 379: 375: 372: 366: 362: 359: 355: 351: 349: 345: 342: 339: 337: 333: 327: 323: 321: 317: 315: 311: 310: 308: 303: 299: 296: 293: 289: 286: 283: 279: 276: 273: 269: 264: 235: 232: 225: 221: 216: 209: 204: 181: 180: 165: 161: 157: 150: 143: 137: 129: 113: 108: 97: 94: 86: 76: 72: 66: 65: 60:This article 58: 49: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 21557:Fidel Castro 21150:Demographics 21040:Declarations 20873:Turkmenistan 20833:Sierra Leone 20823:Saudi Arabia 20745: 20646:Burkina Faso 20498:Institutions 20476:Demographics 20343:Saudi Arabia 20307: 20211:Headquarters 20100:Thracian Sea 20085:Sea of Crete 20080:Ligurian Sea 20060:Balearic Sea 20045:Adriatic Sea 19991:Dependencies 19907: 19753:Saudi Arabia 19732: 19641: 19629: 19544:Kastellorizo 19423:Turkmenistan 19388:Saudi Arabia 19332: 19063:Demographics 19043:Human rights 18947:Saudi Arabia 18932: 18926: 18919: 18907: 18901: 18699:Demographics 18677:Architecture 18618:Central Bank 18550:Human rights 18535:Constitution 18499:Shebaa farms 18489:Governorates 18469:Beqaa Valley 18395:Crusader era 18349: 18300: 18275: 18246:Georges Corm 18236: 18229: 18219: 18204: 18195: 18175: 18168: 18154: 18136:. Retrieved 18116: 18096: 18074:. Retrieved 18065: 18056: 18044:. Retrieved 18035: 18026: 18014:. Retrieved 18000: 17988:. Retrieved 17984:the original 17974: 17962:. Retrieved 17948: 17936:. Retrieved 17922: 17910:. Retrieved 17901: 17892: 17880:. Retrieved 17876:the original 17866: 17854:. Retrieved 17850:the original 17840: 17828:. Retrieved 17824:the original 17814: 17802:. Retrieved 17788: 17777: 17759: 17747:. Retrieved 17738: 17729: 17717:. Retrieved 17708: 17699: 17687:. Retrieved 17683:the original 17678: 17668: 17656:. Retrieved 17642: 17630:. Retrieved 17610: 17603: 17591:. Retrieved 17587:the original 17577: 17553: 17542: 17523: 17498:. Retrieved 17478: 17470: 17458:. Retrieved 17449: 17440: 17428:. Retrieved 17408: 17401: 17389:. Retrieved 17369: 17357:. Retrieved 17337: 17330: 17300:(2): 89–98. 17297: 17293: 17283: 17271:. Retrieved 17262: 17252: 17242:19 September 17240:. Retrieved 17221: 17210: 17195: 17190: 17180:19 September 17178:. Retrieved 17164: 17154: 17142:. Retrieved 17138:the original 17133: 17124: 17112:. Retrieved 17103: 17093: 17081:. Retrieved 17067: 17055:. Retrieved 17051:the original 17041: 17026: 17006:. Retrieved 17002: 16992: 16980:. Retrieved 16976:the original 16971: 16962: 16950:. Retrieved 16936: 16925:the original 16898:the original 16870:. Retrieved 16866:the original 16862:"Demography" 16856: 16844:. Retrieved 16840:the original 16830: 16818:. Retrieved 16809: 16800: 16788:. Retrieved 16779: 16770: 16758:. Retrieved 16749: 16740: 16728:. Retrieved 16719: 16710: 16698:. Retrieved 16689: 16680: 16668:. Retrieved 16659: 16650: 16638:. Retrieved 16634:the original 16624: 16612:. Retrieved 16608:the original 16598: 16587: 16575:. Retrieved 16571:the original 16561: 16549:. Retrieved 16545:the original 16535: 16523:. Retrieved 16517:. Samidoun. 16509: 16497:. Retrieved 16493:the original 16488: 16479: 16467:. Retrieved 16447: 16435:. Retrieved 16426: 16416: 16404:. Retrieved 16400: 16390: 16378:. Retrieved 16363: 16356: 16344:. Retrieved 16330: 16318:. Retrieved 16309: 16300: 16288:. Retrieved 16279: 16270: 16258:. Retrieved 16238: 16216:. Retrieved 16191: 16187: 16177: 16157: 16150: 16130: 16123: 16113:30 September 16111:. Retrieved 16099: 16072:. Retrieved 16055: 16046: 16034:. Retrieved 16025: 16016: 16004:. Retrieved 15993: 15984: 15974: 15960: 15950: 15936: 15924:. Retrieved 15910: 15902: 15888: 15882: 15870:. Retrieved 15862:Arab America 15861: 15852: 15832: 15826: 15814:. Retrieved 15805: 15781: 15767: 15761: 15753:the original 15743: 15731:. Retrieved 15718: 15706:. Retrieved 15702:the original 15697: 15687: 15675:. Retrieved 15666: 15657: 15645:. Retrieved 15636: 15627: 15615:. Retrieved 15606: 15597: 15584:. Retrieved 15580:the original 15570: 15558:. Retrieved 15550:gulfnews.com 15549: 15540: 15528:. Retrieved 15519: 15509: 15497:. Retrieved 15493:the original 15483: 15471:. Retrieved 15457: 15445:. Retrieved 15438:the original 15424: 15412:. Retrieved 15408:the original 15397: 15385:. Retrieved 15371: 15359:. Retrieved 15350: 15341: 15329:. Retrieved 15320: 15311: 15299:. Retrieved 15285: 15273:. Retrieved 15234:. Retrieved 15214: 15207: 15197: 15190:. Retrieved 15178: 15163: 15151:. Retrieved 15147:the original 15136: 15124:. Retrieved 15107: 15095:. Retrieved 15081: 15069:. Retrieved 15055: 15043:. Retrieved 15039:the original 15034: 15024: 15012:. Retrieved 15008:the original 15003: 14994: 14982:. Retrieved 14978:the original 14968: 14956:. Retrieved 14947: 14933: 14921:. Retrieved 14917:the original 14907: 14895:. Retrieved 14886: 14862:. Retrieved 14858:the original 14848: 14836:. Retrieved 14822: 14810:. Retrieved 14806:the original 14795: 14783:. Retrieved 14776:the original 14763: 14751:. Retrieved 14744:the original 14716:. Retrieved 14707: 14697: 14685:. Retrieved 14681:the original 14671: 14659:. Retrieved 14652:the original 14639: 14620: 14614: 14606: 14601: 14589:. Retrieved 14580: 14571: 14559:. Retrieved 14550: 14540: 14528:. Retrieved 14524:the original 14519: 14510: 14498:. Retrieved 14494:the original 14484: 14458:. Retrieved 14449: 14439: 14427:. Retrieved 14423:the original 14418: 14409: 14397:. Retrieved 14389:www.wipo.int 14388: 14379: 14347:. Retrieved 14319: 14312: 14300:. Retrieved 14291: 14281: 14269:. Retrieved 14260: 14251: 14239:. Retrieved 14234: 14225: 14213:. Retrieved 14199: 14187:. Retrieved 14183:the original 14178: 14169: 14157:. Retrieved 14148: 14139: 14127:. Retrieved 14118: 14109: 14097:. Retrieved 14083: 14071:. Retrieved 14062: 14053: 14041:. Retrieved 14024: 13983:, retrieved 13977: 13967: 13955:. Retrieved 13946: 13937: 13925:. Retrieved 13921:the original 13911: 13899:. Retrieved 13892:the original 13879: 13867:. Retrieved 13863:the original 13853: 13845: 13825:. Retrieved 13808: 13799: 13787:. Retrieved 13770: 13746:. Retrieved 13729: 13705:. Retrieved 13688: 13679: 13667:. Retrieved 13663:the original 13653: 13641:. Retrieved 13610:. Retrieved 13601: 13592: 13581:, retrieved 13571: 13565: 13553:. Retrieved 13539: 13527:. Retrieved 13518: 13509: 13497:. Retrieved 13493:the original 13488: 13479: 13467:. Retrieved 13458: 13448: 13436:. Retrieved 13417: 13405:. Retrieved 13398:the original 13384: 13372:. Retrieved 13340:. Retrieved 13320: 13308:. Retrieved 13297: 13287: 13275:. Retrieved 13271:the original 13260: 13248:. Retrieved 13244:the original 13234: 13222:. Retrieved 13213: 13204: 13192:. Retrieved 13175: 13166: 13154:. Retrieved 13145: 13120:. Retrieved 13100: 13088:. Retrieved 13084:the original 13074: 13062:. Retrieved 13053: 13044: 13032:. Retrieved 13021: 13012: 13000:. Retrieved 12986: 12968: 12956:. Retrieved 12947: 12938: 12926:. Retrieved 12917: 12907: 12895:. Retrieved 12891:the original 12881: 12869:. Retrieved 12865:the original 12855: 12843:. Retrieved 12834: 12822: 12810:. Retrieved 12795: 12783:. Retrieved 12750: 12745: 12712: 12708: 12702: 12690:. Retrieved 12686:the original 12675: 12663:. Retrieved 12659:the original 12627: 12606:. Retrieved 12591: 12579:. Retrieved 12562: 12553: 12541:. Retrieved 12532: 12522: 12510:. Retrieved 12501: 12492: 12480:. Retrieved 12466: 12454:. Retrieved 12445: 12436: 12424:. Retrieved 12420:the original 12405:. Retrieved 12396: 12387: 12378: 12366:. Retrieved 12357: 12348: 12300: 12288:. Retrieved 12279: 12269: 12226: 12222: 12212: 12200:. Retrieved 12192:Shareamerica 12191: 12182: 12170:. Retrieved 12156: 12144:. Retrieved 12135: 12072: 12068: 12058: 12046:. Retrieved 12042:the original 12031: 12023: 12022:in Lebanon. 12019: 12014: 12006: 12001: 11989:. Retrieved 11985:the original 11974: 11962:. Retrieved 11953: 11943: 11934: 11922:. Retrieved 11918:the original 11908: 11896:. Retrieved 11882: 11867: 11862: 11850:. Retrieved 11836: 11824:. Retrieved 11820:the original 11815: 11805: 11786: 11764: 11755: 11746: 11737: 11728: 11719: 11710: 11700:18 September 11698:. Retrieved 11689: 11680: 11671: 11662: 11650:. Retrieved 11641: 11632: 11620:. Retrieved 11611: 11587:. Retrieved 11578: 11568: 11558:23 September 11556:. Retrieved 11548:gulfnews.com 11547: 11538: 11526:. Retrieved 11517: 11507: 11495:. Retrieved 11486: 11476: 11464:. Retrieved 11455: 11445: 11436: 11426: 11414:. Retrieved 11405: 11396: 11384:. Retrieved 11375: 11366: 11355:, retrieved 11345: 11339: 11327:. Retrieved 11318: 11309: 11297:. Retrieved 11288: 11278: 11266:. Retrieved 11258:The Guardian 11257: 11248: 11236:. Retrieved 11225: 11216: 11204:. Retrieved 11200:the original 11195: 11186: 11174:. Retrieved 11166:The National 11165: 11156: 11144:. Retrieved 11135: 11126: 11114:. Retrieved 11105: 11096: 11084:. Retrieved 11075: 11051:. Retrieved 11043:The Diplomat 11042: 11018:. Retrieved 11014:the original 11007: 10998: 10986:. Retrieved 10968: 10956:. Retrieved 10938: 10926:. Retrieved 10912: 10886:. Retrieved 10882:the original 10877: 10867: 10855:. Retrieved 10842: 10832: 10820:. Retrieved 10811: 10802: 10790:. Retrieved 10781: 10772: 10760:. Retrieved 10751: 10727:. Retrieved 10718: 10709: 10697:. Retrieved 10688: 10679: 10667:. Retrieved 10663:the original 10656: 10647: 10635:. Retrieved 10621: 10609:. Retrieved 10605:the original 10598: 10589: 10577:. Retrieved 10573:the original 10568: 10558: 10546:. Retrieved 10532: 10505: 10501: 10491: 10454: 10450: 10440: 10428:. Retrieved 10424:the original 10413: 10401:. Retrieved 10372:. Retrieved 10363: 10353: 10345:the original 10335: 10323:. Retrieved 10319:the original 10314: 10305: 10293:. Retrieved 10284: 10271: 10259:. Retrieved 10245: 10233:. Retrieved 10229:the original 10222: 10212: 10200:. Retrieved 10191: 10164:. Retrieved 10149: 10137:. Retrieved 10133:the original 10119: 10108:, retrieved 10086: 10076: 10064:. Retrieved 10060:the original 10055: 10028:. Retrieved 10014: 10002:. Retrieved 9988: 9976:. Retrieved 9962: 9950:. Retrieved 9946:the original 9936: 9915: 9906: 9894:. Retrieved 9880: 9868:. Retrieved 9859: 9849: 9837:. Retrieved 9823: 9813: 9808: 9804: 9796: 9787: 9780:. Retrieved 9776:the original 9761: 9749:. Retrieved 9740: 9730: 9718:. Retrieved 9704: 9692:. Retrieved 9688:the original 9678: 9666:. Retrieved 9657: 9648: 9636:. Retrieved 9632:the original 9622: 9613: 9606:. Retrieved 9598:Toronto Star 9597: 9587: 9575:. Retrieved 9567:Deseret News 9566: 9556: 9544:. Retrieved 9535: 9526: 9514:. Retrieved 9505: 9496: 9484:. Retrieved 9475: 9466: 9454:. Retrieved 9445: 9436: 9424:. Retrieved 9415: 9406: 9394:. Retrieved 9377: 9367: 9355:. Retrieved 9346: 9320:. Retrieved 9306: 9294:. Retrieved 9290:the original 9279: 9267:. Retrieved 9253: 9241:. Retrieved 9232: 9222: 9201: 9182: 9176: 9164:. Retrieved 9147: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9117: 9100: 9096: 9090: 9081: 9073: 9068: 9040: 9033: 9024: 8999:, retrieved 8993: 8987: 8979:the original 8944: 8937: 8925:. Retrieved 8905: 8898: 8890: 8876: 8857: 8845:. Retrieved 8830: 8818:. Retrieved 8814:the original 8789: 8777: 8765: 8753:. Retrieved 8744: 8735: 8723:. Retrieved 8719:the original 8714: 8704: 8696:the original 8686: 8677: 8665:. Retrieved 8661: 8651: 8624: 8618: 8606:. Retrieved 8602:the original 8593: 8584: 8572:. Retrieved 8568:the original 8557: 8545:. Retrieved 8541:the original 8530: 8516: 8507: 8493: 8483: 8471:. Retrieved 8451: 8444: 8432:. Retrieved 8412: 8405: 8397: 8383: 8377: 8358: 8352: 8343: 8337: 8318: 8315:Fisk, Robert 8309: 8297:. Retrieved 8288: 8279: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8235: 8221: 8215: 8207: 8193: 8187: 8168: 8162: 8143: 8137: 8118: 8083:. Retrieved 8063: 8056: 8037: 8012:. Retrieved 7996:. Abc-Clio. 7992: 7985: 7973:. Retrieved 7953: 7946: 7934:. Retrieved 7918:. Abc-Clio. 7914: 7895: 7876: 7853:. Retrieved 7839: 7827:. Retrieved 7823:the original 7813: 7796: 7784:. Retrieved 7775: 7766: 7754:. Retrieved 7745: 7734: 7722:. Retrieved 7713: 7704: 7696: 7689:. Retrieved 7669: 7662: 7650:. Retrieved 7630: 7623: 7611:. Retrieved 7602: 7592: 7580:. Retrieved 7571: 7562: 7543: 7537: 7518: 7512: 7500:. Retrieved 7496:the original 7491: 7481: 7462: 7456: 7444: 7432:. Retrieved 7412: 7405: 7393:. Retrieved 7384: 7375: 7367: 7362: 7350:. Retrieved 7339: 7330: 7318:. Retrieved 7304: 7292:. Retrieved 7281: 7272: 7262:28 September 7260:. Retrieved 7248: 7236: 7226:11 September 7224:. Retrieved 7210: 7198:. Retrieved 7191:the original 7186: 7162:. Retrieved 7127:. Retrieved 7118: 7109: 7101: 7087: 7066:. Retrieved 7054: 7044: 7033:, retrieved 7024: 6994:. Retrieved 6980: 6968:. Retrieved 6944: 6932:. Retrieved 6918: 6906:. Retrieved 6867:24 September 6865:. Retrieved 6855: 6846: 6834:. Retrieved 6827:the original 6801: 6794:. Retrieved 6782: 6767: 6759: 6752:. Retrieved 6711: 6707: 6682:. Retrieved 6668: 6648: 6641: 6629:. Retrieved 6576:Gibran Tueni 6560:Samir Kassir 6550: 6527: 6505: 6488: 6471: 6380: 6376:Club Sagesse 6357: 6299:Rugby league 6297: 6258: 6174: 6103: 6073: 6032: 5999:Amin Maalouf 5995:Elias Khoury 5982:Ameen Rihani 5975: 5961: 5939: 5898: 5855: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5772: 5761: 5749: 5745: 5704: 5688: 5665: 5630:Koura region 5610:Beqaa Valley 5595: 5579: 5576:Madrid-based 5489: 5485: 5449: 5039: 5008: 4975: 4957: 4923: 4919:panethnicity 4904: 4889:Demographics 4885:in Lebanon. 4879:Saudi Arabia 4876: 4863: 4857: 4831:Saudi Arabia 4827: 4811: 4788: 4777: 4765: 4746: 4708: 4693: 4689: 4669: 4658: 4649: 4645: 4637:Ponzi scheme 4629: 4611: 4586: 4575: 4552: 4540: 4519: 4513:Grand Serail 4497: 4490: 4486: 4471: 4440:Francophonie 4421: 4410: 4383: 4373: 4358: 4354: 4312: 4308: 4276: 4245:Jabal Lebnen 4244: 4241:Jabal Lubnan 4240: 4223: 4201: 4093: 4069: 4052: 4030: 4003: 3979: 3935: 3928: 3906: 3905:; singular: 3878: 3866: 3863:governorates 3860: 3825: 3814: 3782:Palestinians 3780:Until 2005, 3779: 3760:Until 1975, 3759: 3747:Shi’a Muslim 3739:Sunni Muslim 3729:has to be a 3712: 3665:forest fires 3653: 3640: 3636:Sierra Leone 3624: 3609: 3598: 3586: 3558: 3547: 3497: 3482:Beqaa Valley 3447: 3443:Mount Hermon 3419: 3387:Beqaa Valley 3376: 3371:Anti-Lebanon 3369:and eastern 3356:Shebaa Farms 3313: 3264: 3260:failed state 3248:central bank 3232:Samir Geagea 3209:failed state 3202: 3178:Najib Mikati 3160: 3127: 3100: 3072:Kataeb Party 3041: 3025:Najib Mikati 3014: 3007:live in the 2999:Over 20,000 2966: 2962:Émile Lahoud 2939: 2904: 2871: 2846:Rafic Hariri 2843: 2816: 2811:Rafic Hariri 2785: 2774:car bombings 2755: 2720: 2681:Ariel Sharon 2674: 2650: 2622:Litani River 2618:Israeli Army 2598:Élias Sarkis 2583: 2556: 2530: 2526:Fouad Chehab 2507: 2494:Palestinians 2491: 2460: 2453: 2445:Sunni Muslim 2430: 2411: 2375: 2363:Nazi Germany 2341: 2307: 2301: 2278: 2251: 2241:Ottoman army 2234: 2223: 2158:(1861–1918, 2155: 2137: 2114: 2099: 2081:Sidon Eyalet 2071:Ottoman rule 2057: 2037: 2015: 1975:Beqaa Valley 1956: 1944: 1933: 1881: 1844:Roman Empire 1837: 1825:Roman Empire 1810: 1760:, including 1755: 1696: 1688:Chalcolithic 1682:left by the 1669: 1662: 1585: 1546: 1531: 1522: 1512: 1505: 1498: 1491: 1479: 1467:Please help 1462:verification 1459: 1426: 1413: 1397: 1364: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1342:Hebrew Bible 1337: 1323: 1309: 1296: 1285:The name of 1284: 1200: 1149: 1133:Abdulmejid I 1093:Roman Empire 1082: 1041: 944: 913: 887:Internet TLD 863:Calling code 703:• Total 651:• Total 578:• Total 493:Constitution 394:Najib Mikati 376: 163: 109:(1926–1946). 89: 80: 61: 44: 21257:and the NAM 21006:Arab League 20968:communities 20721:Ivory Coast 20611:Afghanistan 20516:Pan-Arabism 20425:South Sudan 20163:Arab League 20147:Arab League 20055:Alboran Sea 19643:Asia portal 19507:territories 19465:recognition 19373:Philippines 19313:South Korea 19308:North Korea 19203:Afghanistan 19109:Archaeology 18839:Middle East 18613:Agriculture 18089:Works cited 17500:11 December 17430:11 December 17359:11 December 16499:17 November 16260:14 December 16074:25 December 15499:21 December 15275:16 February 15236:11 December 15179:hartsem.edu 15071:12 December 14958:21 December 14938:Zach Wise; 14429:2 September 14399:2 September 14302:31 December 14271:28 December 14241:28 December 14073:25 December 14043:25 December 13827:25 December 13789:24 December 13748:25 December 13707:24 December 13499:22 November 13224:25 December 13194:25 December 13002:2 September 12845:19 February 12785:10 February 12581:25 December 12075:(1): 5978. 11652:27 February 11520:. Reuters. 11406:news.un.org 10888:24 November 10812:MTV Lebanon 10782:MTV Lebanon 10430:14 February 10374:19 February 10277:Bakri, Nada 9870:19 February 9751:19 February 9668:11 December 9243:19 February 9207:Lord Mayhew 8794:Morris 2008 8782:Morris 2008 8770:Morris 2008 8014:25 December 7993:Colonialism 7936:25 December 6783:hartsem.edu 6568:George Hawi 6449:Asia portal 6390:Al Ansar FC 6349:Al Ansar FC 6261:ski resorts 6195:), and the 6130:Protestants 6059:Najwa Karam 5977:The Prophet 5968:Shakespeare 5905:Phoenicians 5757:IB programs 5098:Governorate 5082:Governorate 4988:Ivory Coast 4984:West Africa 4932:, 1.76 for 4774:Development 4655:Agriculture 4578:LGBT people 4566:LGBT rights 4524:, and is a 4432:Arab League 3877:; singular 3678:Hepatitis A 3562:germination 3550:cedar trees 3510:Environment 3504:rain shadow 3385:range, the 3240:Saad Hariri 3174:new cabinet 3135:Hassan Diab 3130:Saad Hariri 2657:Saad Haddad 2602:Arab League 2475:Al-Malkiyya 2473:– captured 2441:Shia Muslim 2386:Free French 2344:Henri Dentz 2334:Map of the 2308:Grand Liban 1878:Middle Ages 1829:Coele-Syria 1739:Phoenicians 1703:Phoenicians 1680:burial jars 1573:Hellenistic 1275:Group of 77 1255:Arab League 1253:and of the 1176:Free France 1156:World War I 935: / 779: 0.723 548:24 May 2000 498:23 May 1926 472:9 June 1861 419:Legislature 409:Nabih Berri 258: / 170:كلّنا للوطن 21609:Categories 21495:Yugoslavia 21380:Principles 21301:Yugoslavia 21184:Population 20883:Uzbekistan 20853:Tajikistan 20781:Mozambique 20771:Mauritania 20741:Kyrgyzstan 20731:Kazakhstan 20636:Bangladesh 20626:Azerbaijan 20418:Candidates 20318:Mauritania 20252:Membership 20234:Arab Union 20229:Parliament 20075:Libyan Sea 20065:Ionian Sea 20050:Aegean Sea 19928:Montenegro 19433:Uzbekistan 19408:Tajikistan 19323:Kyrgyzstan 19303:Kazakhstan 19253:East Timor 19223:Bangladesh 19213:Azerbaijan 19091:Irreligion 18739:Television 18630:(currency) 18540:Corruption 18400:Mamluk era 17632:2 February 17593:17 January 17460:4 November 17391:17 January 17144:17 January 17035:0816071586 16872:2 February 16846:2 February 16820:19 October 16760:19 October 16640:17 January 16614:17 January 16577:17 January 16551:17 January 16525:17 January 16437:17 January 16380:26 January 16290:19 October 16096:"Glossary" 15926:10 January 15733:17 January 15698:Fanack.com 15677:30 October 15647:10 October 15586:17 January 15560:30 October 15530:30 October 15447:17 January 15414:17 January 15387:17 January 15361:23 October 15321:The Nation 15301:17 January 15153:17 January 15045:4 November 15014:1 February 14923:4 November 14864:17 January 14838:17 January 14812:17 January 14785:17 January 14753:17 January 14718:31 October 14687:31 October 14661:17 January 14591:14 October 14561:14 October 14530:14 October 14500:14 October 14460:14 October 14349:29 October 14159:1 February 14129:12 January 14099:17 January 13985:9 November 13957:17 January 13927:17 January 13901:17 January 13869:17 January 13643:17 January 13407:17 January 13374:17 January 13034:4 February 12958:31 October 12897:17 January 12871:17 January 12812:14 October 12759:0871878887 12692:17 January 12665:17 January 12608:17 January 12502:Al Jazeera 12482:18 October 12456:8 December 12426:8 December 12407:8 December 12368:10 January 12280:fanack.com 12223:BioScience 12146:17 January 11991:13 January 11964:13 January 11924:17 January 11898:17 January 11852:31 January 11826:17 January 11756:Al Jazeera 11720:Al Jazeera 11690:Al Jazeera 11589:1 February 11329:25 October 11299:17 October 10978:Al Jazeera 10948:Al Jazeera 10928:20 January 10878:the961.com 10857:18 October 10822:26 October 10792:26 October 10762:20 January 10729:18 October 10699:18 October 10669:18 October 10637:18 October 10611:18 October 10579:18 October 10548:12 January 10474:1956/17996 10325:17 January 10295:12 January 10261:12 January 10235:19 October 10202:19 October 10066:19 October 10030:17 January 9896:19 January 9782:2 February 9720:19 January 9694:17 January 9638:17 January 9608:2 February 9577:17 January 9296:17 January 9269:17 January 9166:12 January 9060:1035902227 8820:18 October 8755:31 January 8725:20 January 8608:17 October 8574:17 January 7855:17 January 7829:14 October 7806:Paléorient 7652:18 January 7502:20 January 7294:10 October 7129:27 October 6996:17 January 6908:15 October 6631:17 January 6598:References 6584:Walid Eido 6360:basketball 6227:and fresh 5958:Literature 5947:Walid Raad 5695:of English 5516:Protestant 5463:, and one 5424:See also: 5239:Bint Jbeil 4899:See also: 4621:dollarized 4556:Christians 4436:March 2002 4434:Summit in 4309:ash-Shamal 4283:Bint Jbeil 4277:Jabal Amel 4127:Corinthian 3790:unicameral 3570:Tannourine 3308:Qannoubine 3269:sparked a 2915:airstrikes 2778:Khomeinist 2578:Green Line 2533:Gulf Arabs 2184:mutasarrıf 2125:Sanjak-bey 2119:succeeded 2110:Jabal Amil 2075:See also: 1971:Jabal Amel 1963:Shia Islam 1856:asceticism 1852:monotheism 1823:under the 1652:. It is a 1569:Achaemenid 1565:Babylonian 1495:newspapers 1334:𓂋𓏠𓈖𓈖𓈉 1291:Phoenician 1273:, and the 1243:Arab world 1235:World Bank 1154:following 1150:After the 1101:caliphates 1048:region of 754: 31.8 602:Population 423:Parliament 348:Government 336:Demonym(s) 75:footnoting 21675:Republics 21505:Indonesia 21356:NAM Youth 21311:Structure 21291:Sri Lanka 21194:Education 20926:Countries 20918:Observers 20902:Suspended 20813:Palestine 20706:Indonesia 20438:Diplomacy 20409:Venezuela 20382:Observers 20333:Palestine 20206:Geography 20012:Gibraltar 19981:Palestine 19743:Palestine 19695:Countries 19597:Hong Kong 19516:Australia 19505:Dependent 19484:Palestine 19398:Sri Lanka 19393:Singapore 19273:Indonesia 19124:Etiquette 19009:Democracy 18934:West Bank 18920:Palestine 18847:Countries 18714:Languages 18704:Education 18646:Transport 18577:President 18484:Districts 18452:Geography 18432:Civil War 18385:Roman era 18375:Phoenicia 18138:22 August 18076:19 August 18046:19 August 17520:"Leisure" 17322:144015456 17314:0016-5492 17273:7 October 17134:The Hindu 17008:28 August 16952:22 August 16790:20 August 16567:"Decrees" 16276:"Lebanon" 16200:0026-3141 16161:. BRILL. 16064:0013-0613 16036:8 January 15802:"Lebanon" 15473:6 January 14984:7 January 14940:Miki Meek 14369:ignored ( 14359:cite book 14235:Arab News 14033:0013-0613 13817:0013-0613 13779:0013-0613 13738:0013-0613 13697:0013-0613 13583:3 October 13555:15 August 13529:15 August 13277:22 August 13184:0013-0613 13156:22 August 13146:USA Today 13122:7 January 12737:251572712 12571:0013-0613 12290:12 August 12243:0006-3568 12097:2041-1723 12024:Acta Hort 12007:Acta Hort 11950:"Lebanon" 11357:8 January 11268:8 January 11238:15 August 11227:France 24 11176:8 January 11146:1 October 11020:2 January 10988:2 January 10958:2 January 10524:2057-3170 10483:1364-2987 10395:. UNHCR. 10129:France 24 10110:7 January 10004:6 January 9924:0013-0613 9546:4 October 9516:4 October 9486:4 October 9456:4 October 9426:4 October 9396:4 October 9386:0362-4331 9357:4 October 9322:4 October 9156:0013-0613 8891:AsiaTimes 8847:21 August 8667:17 August 8643:990782374 8285:"Lebanon" 7613:5 October 7582:3 October 7200:24 August 7183:"Lebanon" 7164:4 October 7021:"Lebanon" 6852:"Lebanon" 6836:20 August 6744:145632505 6728:0022-0027 6603:Citations 6412:in every 6394:Nejmeh SC 6331:Australia 6197:tabbouleh 6191:(cracked 6138:Apostolic 6126:Catholics 6106:Christian 5909:Assyrians 5901:Canaanite 5834:pneumonia 5725:Education 5691:of French 5634:Achrafieh 5564:Buddhists 5544:Christian 5514:, and 1% 5457:Christian 5198:1,150,000 5143:1,916,100 5019:Palestine 4972:Argentina 4938:Maronites 4877:In 2011, 4676:gold coin 4665:workforce 4526:civil law 4478:Hezbollah 4355:al-Janoub 4293:Marjeyoun 4110:Marjeyoun 3880:muḥāfaẓah 3867:muḥāfaẓāt 3837:elections 3833:Hezbollah 3727:President 3554:wildfires 3466:16 rivers 3415:sandstone 3411:limestone 3401:plain to 3310:Monastery 3289:Geography 3217:Hezbollah 3107:sectarian 3037:Al-Akhbar 2969:Hezbollah 2919:artillery 2907:Hezbollah 2758:Hezbollah 2745:, and in 2721:In 1982, 2645:Blue Line 2512:'s term, 2239:when the 2195:Catholics 2188:Maronites 2034:Palestine 1929:Jacobites 1909:Maronites 1864:Maronites 1684:Neolithic 1631:Antiquity 1583:empires. 1553:Canaanite 1484:"Lebanon" 1281:Etymology 1143:, in the 1085:Phoenicia 1050:West Asia 1022:romanized 853:Drives on 810:Time zone 693:(nominal) 371:President 21484:Founders 21296:Tanzania 21078:Sessions 20956:Thailand 20848:Suriname 20801:Pakistan 20761:Maldives 20756:Malaysia 20671:Djibouti 20656:Cameroon 20283:Djibouti 20221:Military 20183:Politics 19938:Slovenia 19708:Djibouti 19631:Category 19474:Abkhazia 19413:Thailand 19368:Pakistan 19348:Mongolia 19343:Maldives 19338:Malaysia 19238:Cambodia 19086:Religion 19076:Genetics 19031:Timeline 18779:Category 18729:Religion 18567:Military 18555:Abortion 18523:Politics 18509:Wildlife 18390:Arab era 18354:articles 18268:Archived 18207:(2002) ( 18132:Archived 18070:Archived 18040:Archived 18010:Archived 17958:Archived 17932:Archived 17906:Archived 17798:Archived 17767:Archived 17743:Archived 17713:Archived 17652:Archived 17626:Archived 17454:Archived 17450:BBC News 17424:Archived 17382:Archived 17353:Archived 17267:Archived 17114:14 April 17108:Archived 17077:Archived 16982:19 March 16946:Archived 16836:"Health" 16814:Archived 16784:Archived 16754:Archived 16730:25 April 16724:Archived 16700:25 April 16694:Archived 16670:25 April 16664:Archived 16519:Archived 16460:Archived 16431:Archived 16427:BBC News 16340:Archived 16314:Archived 16310:BBC News 16284:Archived 16282:. 2011. 16254:Archived 16212:Archived 16108:18907889 16068:Archived 16030:Archived 16006:13 April 16000:Archived 15976:La Razón 15968:Archived 15952:Euronews 15944:Archived 15920:Archived 15872:13 April 15866:Archived 15810:Archived 15692:Fanack. 15671:Archived 15641:Archived 15611:Archived 15554:Archived 15524:Archived 15467:Archived 15381:Archived 15355:Archived 15351:BBC News 15325:Archived 15295:Archived 15266:Archived 15230:Archived 15192:27 March 15183:Archived 15065:Archived 15004:ABC News 14952:Archived 14891:Archived 14832:Archived 14712:Archived 14585:Archived 14555:Archived 14551:BBC News 14470:cite web 14454:Archived 14393:Archived 14343:Archived 14296:Archived 14265:Archived 14209:Archived 14189:14 April 14153:Archived 14123:Archived 14093:Archived 14067:Archived 14037:Archived 13994:citation 13951:Archived 13821:Archived 13783:Archived 13742:Archived 13701:Archived 13637:Archived 13612:25 April 13606:Archived 13577:archived 13549:Archived 13523:Archived 13489:The Week 13469:19 March 13463:Archived 13432:Archived 13368:Archived 13342:26 March 13333:Archived 13310:9 August 13304:Archived 13218:Archived 13188:Archived 13150:Archived 13113:Archived 13090:17 April 13058:Archived 13028:Archived 13023:Naharnet 12996:Archived 12975:Archived 12952:Archived 12922:Archived 12839:Archived 12806:Archived 12779:Archived 12602:Archived 12575:Archived 12543:14 March 12537:Archived 12512:14 March 12506:Archived 12476:Archived 12450:Archived 12401:Archived 12362:Archived 12337:Archived 12327:Archived 12317:Archived 12307:Archived 12284:Archived 12261:28608869 12196:Archived 12166:Archived 12140:Archived 12115:33293507 11958:Archived 11892:Archived 11694:Archived 11646:Archived 11622:28 March 11616:Archived 11583:Archived 11552:Archived 11528:30 April 11522:Archived 11491:Archived 11460:Archived 11410:Archived 11386:25 April 11380:Archived 11351:archived 11323:Archived 11293:Archived 11262:Archived 11232:Archived 11206:11 March 11170:Archived 11140:Archived 11136:BBC News 11110:Archived 11106:ABC News 11080:Archived 11047:Archived 10982:Archived 10952:Archived 10922:Archived 10898:cite web 10851:Archived 10816:Archived 10786:Archived 10756:Archived 10723:Archived 10693:Archived 10631:Archived 10542:Archived 10403:9 August 10397:Archived 10368:Archived 10289:Archived 10255:Archived 10196:Archived 10160:Archived 10024:Archived 9998:Archived 9972:Archived 9928:Archived 9890:Archived 9864:Archived 9833:Archived 9805:Document 9745:Archived 9714:Archived 9662:Archived 9658:BBC News 9602:Archived 9571:Archived 9540:Archived 9510:Archived 9480:Archived 9450:Archived 9420:Archived 9390:Archived 9351:Archived 9316:Archived 9263:Archived 9237:Archived 9215:Jim Muir 9160:Archived 9010:citation 9001:14 March 8921:Archived 8884:Archived 8865:Archived 8841:Archived 8749:Archived 8547:26 April 8467:Archived 8428:Archived 8299:14 April 8293:Archived 8079:Archived 8008:Archived 7969:Archived 7930:Archived 7849:Archived 7786:14 March 7780:Archived 7772:"Byblos" 7756:14 March 7750:Archived 7724:14 March 7718:Archived 7710:"Byblos" 7685:Archived 7646:Archived 7607:Archived 7576:Archived 7428:Archived 7395:19 April 7389:Archived 7346:Archived 7341:BBC News 7320:6 August 7314:Archived 7288:Archived 7253:Archived 7220:Archived 7158:Archived 7123:Archived 7063:18907889 7035:14 March 7029:archived 6990:Archived 6961:Archived 6928:Archived 6902:Archived 6796:27 March 6787:Archived 6748:Archived 6678:Archived 6625:Archived 6566:leader; 6533:Maronite 6509:Arabic: 6494:Maronite 6421:See also 6400:and the 6382:Football 6285:climbing 6273:Canoeing 6269:football 6205:tomatoes 6143:Muhammad 5913:Persians 5719:Assyrian 5711:Armenian 5678:, while 5656:Language 5591:atheists 5581:La Razón 5572:Euronews 5540:Ismailis 5536:Alawites 5530:, 31.2% 5500:Maronite 5414:Religion 5334:100,000 5307:Baakleen 5244:Nabatieh 5155:Nabatieh 5150:Nabatieh 5011:refugees 5000:Lebanese 4996:Lebanese 4819:2006 war 4795:entrepôt 4723:Captagon 4454:Military 4298:Nabatieh 4230:Keserwan 4130:capitals 4105:Nabatieh 4094:Nabatieh 3949:Danniyeh 3947:Miniyeh- 3829:May 2018 3661:Qabrikha 3407:alluvium 3389:and the 3205:election 3186:BBC News 3109:rule, a 3103:WhatsApp 3074:and the 3056:Alawites 2856:accused 2850:car bomb 2669:attacked 2492:100,000 2439:to be a 2281:Faisal I 2197:and the 2192:Maronite 2180:Tanzimat 2050:and the 2022:Crusades 2018:Anatolia 1973:and the 1967:Keserwan 1925:Alawites 1921:Ismailis 1896:Mu'awiya 1840:Anatolia 1833:Phoenice 1762:Carthage 1749:and the 1592:Rashidun 1577:Sasanian 1561:Assyrian 1557:Egyptian 1347:לְבָנוֹן 1147:period. 1145:Tanzimat 1129:Ottomans 1123:and the 1121:Ayyubids 1105:Rashidun 1072:and the 1017:لُبْنَان 795:Currency 352:Unitary 341:Lebanese 320:Armenian 71:citation 21615:Lebanon 21501:Sukarno 21397:Summits 21255:Members 21177:Imports 21172:Exports 21157:Economy 21122:Seventh 21033:History 20863:Tunisia 20838:Somalia 20828:Senegal 20791:Nigeria 20776:Morocco 20746:Lebanon 20666:Comoros 20631:Bahrain 20621:Algeria 20616:Albania 20604:Members 20481:Economy 20399:Eritrea 20389:Armenia 20363:Tunisia 20348:Somalia 20323:Morocco 20308:Lebanon 20278:Comoros 20273:Bahrain 20268:Algeria 20260:Members 20216:History 20196:Council 20191:Charter 20027:(Spain) 20024:Melilla 19953:Tunisia 19933:Morocco 19908:Lebanon 19873:Croatia 19863:Algeria 19858:Albania 19772:Regions 19733:Lebanon 19703:Bahrain 19438:Vietnam 19353:Myanmar 19333:Lebanon 19263:Georgia 19218:Bahrain 19208:Armenia 19141:Studies 19119:Cuisine 19102:Culture 19026:History 19014:Economy 18997:Society 18902:Lebanon 18855:Bahrain 18763:Outline 18687:Cuisine 18665:Culture 18641:Tourism 18601:Economy 18474:Borders 18370:Ancient 18362:History 18350:Lebanon 18303:project 18297:Lebanon 18288:Lebanon 18265:Lebanon 17524:Lebanon 17165:Lebanon 16346:25 June 16320:24 June 16208:4327124 15816:24 June 15708:14 July 15617:20 July 15607:Reuters 15331:20 July 15126:17 July 15097:17 July 14897:13 July 13978:Lebanon 13947:Reuters 13669:29 July 12918:Reuters 12729:2009820 12533:Al Yaum 12446:Hrw.org 12252:5451287 12106:7723057 12077:Bibcode 11738:Reuters 11642:pbs.org 11579:Reuters 11319:AP NEWS 11116:29 July 11086:20 July 11053:20 July 10920:. BBC. 9811:. 9074:The PLO 8473:2 April 8434:2 April 8085:20 June 7975:20 June 7691:22 July 7434:20 June 7352:21 June 7068:24 July 6934:16 July 6754:15 July 6537:Melkite 6498:Melkite 6339:Ireland 6281:rafting 6277:cycling 6209:burghul 6201:parsley 6189:burghul 6165:Cuisine 6134:Melkite 6066:tunes. 5868:Culture 5636:). The 5574:or the 5560:Baha'is 5546:32.4% ( 5512:Melkite 5481:Muslims 5406:55,000 5397:Batroun 5388:70,000 5379:Baalbek 5370:80,000 5352:85,000 5316:20,000 5300:110,000 5282:25,000 5273:Bsharri 5266:130,000 5248:30,000 5232:450,000 5223:Jounieh 5214:45,000 5205:Zgharta 5189:Tripoli 5169:Jounieh 5159:50,000 5126:Tripoli 5064:Source? 4992:Senegal 4930:Shiites 4837:Tourism 4715:hashish 4639:by the 4592:Economy 4560:Muslims 4365:Jezzine 4344:Zgharta 4339:Tripoli 4324:Bsharri 4319:Batroun 4288:Hasbaya 4193:Rashaya 4176:Baalbek 4138:Baalbek 4132:of the 4100:Hasbaya 4088:Rashaya 4081:Western 4064:Baalbek 4037:Jezzine 4010:♦ 3993:Kesrwan 3982:Lebanon 3974:Batroun 3969:Bsharri 3964:Tripoli 3954:Zgharta 3875:محافظات 3797:divided 3769:to the 3578:Bsharri 3488:Climate 3462:Baalbek 3458:Leontes 3244:Tripoli 3230:led by 3152:cabinet 2628:passed 2561:of the 2424:by the 2168:Turkish 2129:Palmyra 2121:Korkmaz 2042:). The 2010:Mamluks 1991:Tripoli 1941:Abbasid 1937:Umayyad 1766:Tunisia 1731:Solomon 1725:, King 1604:Fatimid 1600:Abbasid 1596:Umayyad 1509:scholar 1435:History 1379:Turkish 1363:as the 1357:Lebanon 1351:Ləḇānon 1125:Mamluks 1109:Umayyad 1024:: 945:Lebanon 923:35°50′E 920:33°50′N 786: ( 554:• 541:• 514:• 491:• 478:• 465:• 452:• 439:• 401:• 386:• 369:• 246:35°32′E 243:33°54′N 227:Capital 172:‎ 164:Anthem: 21645:Levant 21545:People 21318:Bureau 21264:Cyprus 21127:Eighth 21107:Fourth 21097:Second 21066:(2010) 21060:(2008) 21054:(1990) 20966:Muslim 20951:Russia 20878:Uganda 20868:Turkey 20736:Kuwait 20726:Jordan 20701:Guyana 20691:Guinea 20686:Gambia 20651:Brunei 20394:Brazil 20303:Kuwait 20298:Jordan 19958:Turkey 19923:Monaco 19898:Israel 19893:Greece 19888:France 19878:Cyprus 19728:Kuwait 19723:Jordan 19718:Israel 19537:Greece 19494:Taiwan 19418:Turkey 19383:Russia 19318:Kuwait 19298:Jordan 19288:Israel 19248:Cyprus 19233:Brunei 19228:Bhutan 19114:Cinema 19019:Energy 18969:Turkey 18897:Kuwait 18892:Jordan 18887:Israel 18860:Cyprus 18784:Portal 18734:Sports 18682:Cinema 18628:Pound 18479:Cities 18352: 18211: 18188: 18161: 18124: 18103: 18016:28 May 17990:28 May 17964:28 May 17938:28 May 17912:28 May 17882:28 May 17856:28 May 17830:28 May 17804:28 May 17749:28 May 17719:28 May 17689:28 May 17658:28 May 17618: 17565: 17530: 17491: 17416: 17345: 17320: 17312: 17233: 17202: 17171: 17161:"Arts" 17033: 16469:1 July 16406:1 July 16371: 16246: 16206: 16198: 16165: 16138: 16106: 16062: 15895: 15840: 15774: 15222: 15116:(XSLX) 14627: 14450:The961 14335: 14215:28 May 14119:dw.com 14031: 13815: 13777: 13736: 13695: 13438:4 July 13250:19 May 13182: 13064:28 May 12928:1 July 12757: 12735: 12727: 12634: 12569: 12259: 12249: 12241: 12202:24 May 12172:24 May 12113: 12103: 12095: 11874: 11793: 11497:28 May 11466:28 May 11416:6 June 10522: 10481: 10101: 9922: 9807: 9384: 9217:pp.6-7 9189: 9154: 9058: 9048: 8952: 8927:6 June 8913: 8662:UnHerd 8641: 8631: 8500: 8459: 8420: 8390: 8365: 8325: 8319:Beirut 8228: 8200: 8175: 8150: 8125: 8071: 8044: 8000: 7961: 7922: 7883: 7776:UNESCO 7677: 7638: 7550: 7525: 7469: 7420: 7249:un.org 7094: 7061: 6873: 6742: 6736:174186 6734: 6726: 6684:21 May 6656: 6586:, MP; 6554:2005: 6408:, and 6362:. The 6353:Beirut 6289:caving 6254:Beirut 6235:Sports 6207:, and 6132:, and 6110:Muslim 6039:Fairuz 6035:fusion 6028:Fairuz 6005:, and 5921:Romans 5919:, the 5917:Greeks 5915:, the 5911:, the 5832:(3%), 5805:Health 5693:, and 5648:. The 5624:. The 5616:. The 5612:, and 5604:. The 5578:diary 5568:Hindus 5566:, and 5524:Muslim 5498:, 21% 5494:, 27% 5473:Muslim 5465:Jewish 5459:, one 5453:Muslim 5436:, and 5361:Byblos 5139:Beirut 5134:Beirut 5116:Beirut 5056: 5053: 5015:asylum 4968:Brazil 4948:Beirut 4934:Sunnis 4846:Beirut 4799:Beirut 4759:, and 4742:Beirut 4719:heroin 4699:Cyprus 4531:Sharia 4256:Baabda 4220:Byblos 4181:Hermel 4151:Beirut 4059:Hermel 4015:Baabda 4004:Beirut 3988:Byblos 3912:Arabic 3899:Arabic 3894:aqdyah 3889:محافظة 3885:Arabic 3871:Arabic 3855:, and 3749:, the 3741:, the 3733:, the 3721:. The 3631:Beirut 3454:rivers 3348:border 3122:Beirut 3070:, the 3052:Sunnis 3001:Syrian 2977:Beirut 2935:killed 2899:, and 2714: 2708: 2702: 2693: 2624:. The 2616:. The 2559:defeat 2551:, and 2484:Under 2456:Beirut 2346:, the 2262:Allies 2256:, the 2160:Arabic 2154:. The 2083:, and 2039:Levant 2026:Franks 1995:Beirut 1905:Levant 1892:Uthman 1813:Pompey 1711:Byblos 1707:Levant 1699:Canaan 1672:Byblos 1654:UNESCO 1646:Byblos 1620:Mamluk 1608:Seljuk 1511: 1504: 1497: 1490: 1482: 1418:Arabic 1406:French 1391:Arabic 1371:Arabic 1305:𐤋𐤁𐤍 1265:, the 1261:, the 1233:. The 1213:. The 1164:France 1078:Beirut 1066:Cyprus 1058:Israel 1046:Levant 1028:Lubnān 1013:Arabic 902:.لبنان 770:(2022) 768: 745:(2011) 743: 691: 635: 518:ended 378:Vacant 326:others 305:(2021) 295:French 275:Arabic 234:Beirut 166: 128:Arabic 124: 38:, and 21535:Egypt 21525:Ghana 21515:India 21285:Malta 21280:India 21275:Ghana 21270:Egypt 21132:Ninth 21117:Sixth 21112:Fifth 21102:Third 21092:First 20909:Syria 20893:Yemen 20843:Sudan 20818:Qatar 20786:Niger 20751:Libya 20681:Gabon 20676:Egypt 20641:Benin 20572:(OIC) 20503:Sport 20404:India 20373:Yemen 20358:Syria 20353:Sudan 20338:Qatar 20313:Libya 20288:Egypt 20173:Lists 20020:Ceuta 19948:Syria 19943:Spain 19918:Malta 19913:Libya 19903:Italy 19883:Egypt 19794:Awdal 19758:Syria 19748:Qatar 19602:Macau 19443:Yemen 19403:Syria 19378:Qatar 19358:Nepal 19293:Japan 19268:India 19258:Egypt 19243:China 19134:Dance 19129:Music 18979:Yemen 18952:Syria 18942:Qatar 18865:Egypt 18770:Index 18744:Women 18719:Music 17487:–65. 17385:(PDF) 17378:(PDF) 17318:S2CID 17083:5 May 17057:5 May 16928:(PDF) 16921:(PDF) 16901:(PDF) 16894:(PDF) 16463:(PDF) 16456:(PDF) 16218:7 May 16204:JSTOR 15727:(PDF) 15441:(PDF) 15434:(PDF) 15269:(PDF) 15262:(PDF) 15186:(PDF) 15175:(PDF) 14779:(PDF) 14772:(PDF) 14747:(PDF) 14740:(PDF) 14708:Chron 14655:(PDF) 14648:(PDF) 13895:(PDF) 13888:(PDF) 13401:(PDF) 13394:(PDF) 13336:(PDF) 13329:(PDF) 13116:(PDF) 13109:(PDF) 12733:S2CID 12725:JSTOR 12048:5 May 11846:(PDF) 10166:9 May 10139:9 May 9978:5 May 9952:5 May 9839:5 May 9803: 7256:(PDF) 7245:(PDF) 6970:9 May 6964:(PDF) 6953:(PDF) 6830:(PDF) 6823:(PDF) 6790:(PDF) 6779:(PDF) 6740:S2CID 6732:JSTOR 6590:, MP. 6463:Notes 6323:Tonga 6229:fruit 6213:mezze 6193:wheat 6181:kibbe 6064:Latin 6051:Sabah 6013:Music 5972:Laozi 5887:Roman 5717:, or 5715:Greek 5642:Zahlé 5552:Druze 5528:Sunni 5510:, 5% 5508:Druze 5506:, 5% 5502:, 8% 5492:Sunni 5477:Druze 5469:Druze 5461:Druze 5455:, 12 5348:South 5296:South 5291:Sidon 5278:North 5262:Beqaa 5257:Zahlé 5210:North 5194:North 5179:Zahlé 5089:Rank 5086:Pop. 5073:Rank 5031:Sudan 5027:Syria 4976:(See 4703:Egypt 4428:Syria 4424:Libya 4374:Saida 4370:Sidon 4329:Koura 4313:shmel 4261:Chouf 4224:Jbeil 4208:Zahle 4164:Akkar 4117:Jbeil 4083:Beqaa 4076:Zahle 4070:Beqaa 4042:Sidon 4031:South 4025:Chouf 3980:Mount 3959:Koura 3942:Akkar 3936:North 3929:Akkar 3908:qadāʾ 3903:أقضية 3590:USAID 3576:near 3399:Akkar 3344:Syria 3328:37° E 3320:35° N 3080:UNHCR 3060:UNHCR 2911:raids 2858:Syria 2792:pound 2697:Syria 2661:Likud 2367:Syria 2355:Syria 2348:Vichy 2306:, or 2199:Druze 2106:emirs 2036:(the 2030:Syria 1979:Sidon 1959:Druze 1946:jizya 1913:Druze 1848:Maron 1774:Spain 1770:Cádiz 1751:Latin 1723:Bible 1715:Sidon 1581:Roman 1516:JSTOR 1502:books 1054:Syria 993: 857:right 788:109th 733:133rd 714:103rd 681:114th 662:108th 615:122nd 584:161st 571:Area 21475:19th 21470:18th 21465:16th 21460:10th 20858:Togo 20796:Oman 20766:Mali 20716:Iraq 20711:Iran 20661:Chad 20469:Life 20328:Oman 20293:Iraq 20201:Flag 20022:and 20015:(UK) 19738:Oman 19713:Iraq 19363:Oman 19328:Laos 19283:Iraq 19278:Iran 19187:Asia 18927:Gaza 18914:Oman 18875:Iraq 18870:Iran 18709:Flag 18692:wine 18560:LGBT 18209:ISBN 18186:ISBN 18159:ISBN 18140:2020 18122:ISBN 18101:ISBN 18078:2015 18048:2015 18018:2013 17992:2013 17966:2013 17940:2013 17914:2013 17884:2013 17858:2013 17832:2013 17806:2013 17751:2013 17721:2013 17691:2013 17660:2013 17634:2013 17616:ISBN 17595:2013 17563:ISBN 17528:ISBN 17502:2011 17489:ISBN 17462:2011 17432:2011 17414:ISBN 17393:2013 17361:2011 17343:ISBN 17310:ISSN 17275:2021 17244:2009 17231:ISBN 17200:ISBN 17182:2009 17169:ISBN 17146:2013 17116:2019 17085:2012 17059:2012 17031:ISBN 17010:2024 16984:2015 16954:2021 16874:2013 16848:2013 16822:2020 16792:2019 16762:2020 16732:2022 16702:2022 16672:2022 16642:2013 16616:2013 16579:2013 16553:2013 16527:2013 16501:2008 16471:2013 16439:2013 16408:2013 16382:2010 16369:ISBN 16348:2010 16322:2010 16292:2008 16262:2010 16244:ISBN 16220:2021 16196:ISSN 16163:ISBN 16136:ISBN 16115:2010 16104:OCLC 16076:2023 16060:ISSN 16038:2016 16008:2013 15928:2021 15893:ISBN 15874:2020 15838:ISBN 15818:2017 15772:ISBN 15735:2013 15710:2015 15679:2021 15649:2012 15619:2020 15588:2013 15562:2021 15532:2021 15501:2014 15475:2016 15449:2013 15416:2013 15389:2013 15363:2012 15333:2020 15303:2013 15277:2013 15238:2011 15220:ISBN 15194:2021 15155:2013 15128:2022 15099:2022 15073:2012 15047:2011 15016:2010 14986:2012 14960:2010 14925:2011 14899:2017 14866:2013 14840:2013 14814:2013 14787:2013 14755:2013 14720:2006 14689:2006 14663:2013 14625:ISBN 14593:2020 14563:2020 14532:2020 14502:2020 14476:link 14462:2020 14431:2021 14401:2021 14371:help 14351:2023 14333:ISBN 14304:2023 14273:2023 14261:egic 14243:2023 14217:2013 14191:2011 14179:Time 14161:2014 14131:2024 14101:2013 14075:2023 14045:2023 14029:ISSN 14000:link 13987:2006 13959:2013 13929:2013 13903:2013 13871:2013 13829:2023 13813:ISSN 13791:2023 13775:ISSN 13750:2023 13734:ISSN 13709:2023 13693:ISSN 13671:2011 13645:2013 13614:2022 13585:2021 13557:2019 13531:2019 13501:2019 13471:2021 13440:2009 13409:2013 13376:2013 13344:2013 13312:2009 13279:2009 13252:2009 13226:2023 13196:2023 13180:ISSN 13158:2009 13124:2012 13092:2021 13066:2022 13036:2019 13004:2017 12960:2016 12930:2017 12899:2013 12873:2013 12847:2017 12814:2023 12787:2013 12755:ISBN 12694:2013 12667:2013 12632:ISBN 12610:2013 12583:2023 12567:ISSN 12545:2023 12514:2023 12484:2018 12458:2018 12428:2018 12409:2018 12370:2016 12292:2015 12257:PMID 12239:ISSN 12204:2018 12174:2018 12148:2013 12111:PMID 12093:ISSN 12050:2012 11993:2012 11966:2012 11926:2013 11900:2013 11872:ISBN 11854:2012 11828:2013 11791:ISBN 11702:2024 11654:2024 11624:2023 11591:2023 11560:2022 11530:2022 11499:2022 11468:2022 11418:2024 11388:2022 11359:2022 11331:2021 11301:2021 11270:2022 11240:2021 11208:2021 11178:2022 11148:2020 11118:2020 11088:2020 11055:2020 11022:2020 10990:2020 10960:2020 10930:2020 10904:link 10890:2019 10859:2019 10824:2019 10794:2019 10764:2020 10731:2019 10701:2019 10671:2019 10639:2019 10613:2019 10581:2019 10550:2019 10520:ISSN 10479:ISSN 10432:2013 10405:2013 10376:2017 10327:2013 10297:2011 10263:2011 10237:2009 10204:2009 10168:2010 10141:2008 10112:2024 10099:ISBN 10068:2009 10032:2013 10006:2012 9980:2012 9954:2012 9920:ISSN 9898:2009 9872:2017 9841:2012 9784:2009 9753:2017 9722:2009 9696:2013 9670:2006 9640:2013 9610:2009 9579:2013 9548:2020 9518:2020 9488:2020 9458:2020 9428:2020 9398:2020 9382:ISSN 9359:2020 9324:2020 9298:2013 9271:2013 9245:2017 9187:ISBN 9168:2024 9152:ISSN 9056:OCLC 9046:ISBN 9016:link 9003:2023 8950:ISBN 8929:2024 8911:ISBN 8849:2009 8822:2013 8757:2010 8727:2009 8669:2024 8639:OCLC 8629:ISBN 8610:2009 8576:2013 8549:2011 8498:ISBN 8475:2013 8457:ISBN 8436:2013 8418:ISBN 8388:ISBN 8363:ISBN 8323:ISBN 8301:2019 8226:ISBN 8198:ISBN 8173:ISBN 8148:ISBN 8123:ISBN 8087:2015 8069:ISBN 8042:ISBN 8016:2014 7998:ISBN 7977:2015 7959:ISBN 7938:2014 7920:ISBN 7881:ISBN 7857:2013 7831:2008 7788:2018 7758:2018 7726:2018 7693:2009 7675:ISBN 7654:2012 7636:ISBN 7615:2020 7584:2020 7548:ISBN 7523:ISBN 7504:2009 7467:ISBN 7436:2015 7418:ISBN 7397:2023 7354:2018 7322:2022 7296:2021 7264:2020 7228:2022 7202:2009 7166:2010 7131:2023 7092:ISBN 7070:2009 7059:OCLC 7037:2023 6998:2013 6972:2024 6936:2021 6910:2023 6869:2022 6838:2011 6798:2021 6756:2023 6724:ISSN 6686:2021 6654:ISBN 6633:2013 6535:and 6531:The 6496:and 6492:The 6392:and 6327:2021 6315:2013 6313:and 6311:2008 6221:fish 6217:meat 6187:and 6185:lamb 6116:and 6108:and 6074:The 5970:and 5936:Arts 5856:The 5596:The 5556:Jews 5538:and 5532:Shia 5496:Shia 5343:Tyre 5325:Aley 5102:Pop. 5093:Name 5077:Name 5023:Iraq 5013:and 4970:and 4924:The 4915:Arab 4789:The 4701:and 4670:The 4659:The 4558:and 4482:Iran 4472:The 4448:2009 4426:and 4380:Tyre 4359:Jnub 4266:Matn 4251:Aley 4115:Bint 4047:Tyre 4020:Aley 3998:Matn 3916:قضاء 3702:The 3692:and 3603:and 3528:The 3518:and 3452:and 3413:and 3336:land 3326:and 3318:and 3275:Gaza 3265:The 3095:and 3054:and 3003:and 2973:Amal 2971:and 2917:and 2801:Iran 2576:The 2359:Iraq 2032:and 2004:The 1987:Acre 1983:Tyre 1939:and 1927:and 1854:and 1831:and 1768:and 1719:Tyre 1717:and 1686:and 1663:The 1606:and 1579:and 1488:news 1325:rmnn 1316:Ebla 1294:root 1194:and 1111:and 868:+961 845:EEST 783:high 741:Gini 446:1516 314:Arab 312:95% 156:Flag 73:and 21455:9th 21450:8th 21445:7th 21440:6th 21435:5th 21430:4th 21425:3rd 21420:2nd 21415:1st 21162:GDP 20486:GDP 19185:of 17302:doi 17227:265 16972:WHO 14325:doi 12717:doi 12247:PMC 12231:doi 12101:PMC 12085:doi 11518:CNN 11289:NPR 10510:doi 10469:hdl 10459:doi 10315:CNN 10091:doi 9809:662 9105:doi 7283:BBC 6716:doi 6351:in 6252:in 6219:or 6057:or 5709:of 5542:), 4860:GDP 4695:Oil 4503:Law 4446:in 4384:Sur 4136:in 3428:in 3424:in 3324:35° 3316:33° 2723:PLO 2663:'s 2594:PLO 2563:PLO 2357:to 1788:by 1471:by 1344:as 1299:lbn 1006:LEB 895:.lb 839:UTC 831:DST 821:EET 815:UTC 803:LBP 766:HDI 689:GDP 639:PPP 633:GDP 596:1.8 324:1% 318:4% 21611:: 20584:: 20005:UK 18280:. 18274:. 18130:. 18068:. 18064:. 18038:. 18034:. 17900:. 17737:. 17707:. 17677:. 17624:. 17561:. 17559:11 17551:. 17522:. 17510:^ 17485:63 17448:. 17422:. 17351:. 17316:. 17308:. 17298:26 17296:. 17292:. 17265:. 17261:. 17229:. 17219:. 17163:. 17132:. 17106:. 17102:. 17018:^ 17001:. 16970:. 16909:^ 16882:^ 16812:. 16808:. 16778:. 16752:. 16748:. 16718:. 16688:. 16658:. 16487:. 16429:. 16425:. 16399:. 16308:. 16278:. 16252:. 16228:^ 16210:. 16202:. 16192:39 16190:. 16186:. 16084:^ 16066:. 16058:. 16054:. 16024:. 15992:. 15901:. 15860:. 15804:. 15789:^ 15780:. 15696:. 15665:. 15635:. 15605:. 15548:. 15522:. 15518:. 15349:. 15319:. 15246:^ 15228:. 15196:. 15177:. 15089:. 15033:. 15002:. 14950:. 14946:. 14885:. 14874:^ 14728:^ 14710:. 14706:. 14583:. 14579:. 14553:. 14549:. 14518:. 14472:}} 14468:{{ 14452:. 14448:. 14417:. 14391:. 14387:. 14363:: 14361:}} 14357:{{ 14341:. 14331:. 14294:. 14290:. 14263:. 14259:. 14233:. 14177:. 14151:. 14147:. 14117:. 14065:. 14061:. 14035:. 14023:. 14008:^ 13996:}} 13992:{{ 13975:, 13949:. 13945:. 13837:^ 13819:. 13807:. 13781:. 13769:. 13758:^ 13740:. 13728:. 13717:^ 13699:. 13687:. 13622:^ 13600:. 13517:. 13487:. 13461:. 13457:. 13430:. 13426:. 13352:^ 13331:. 13302:. 13296:. 13216:. 13212:. 13186:. 13178:. 13174:. 13148:. 13144:. 13132:^ 13052:. 13026:. 13020:. 12950:. 12946:. 12920:. 12916:. 12837:. 12833:. 12804:. 12766:^ 12731:. 12723:. 12713:21 12711:. 12646:^ 12618:^ 12573:. 12561:. 12444:. 12399:. 12395:. 12356:. 12282:. 12278:. 12255:. 12245:. 12237:. 12227:67 12225:. 12221:. 12190:. 12134:. 12123:^ 12109:. 12099:. 12091:. 12083:. 12073:11 12071:. 12067:. 11952:. 11814:. 11773:^ 11754:. 11736:. 11718:. 11688:. 11670:. 11640:. 11610:. 11599:^ 11581:. 11577:. 11546:. 11516:. 11489:. 11485:. 11458:. 11454:. 11435:. 11404:. 11378:. 11374:. 11317:. 11291:. 11287:. 11256:. 11224:. 11194:. 11164:. 11134:. 11108:. 11104:. 11074:. 11063:^ 11041:. 11030:^ 11006:. 10976:. 10946:. 10900:}} 10896:{{ 10876:. 10849:. 10845:. 10841:. 10810:. 10780:. 10750:. 10739:^ 10719:DW 10717:. 10687:. 10655:. 10597:. 10567:. 10540:. 10518:. 10504:. 10500:. 10477:. 10467:. 10455:22 10453:. 10449:. 10384:^ 10366:. 10362:. 10313:. 10287:. 10283:. 10221:. 10194:. 10190:. 10176:^ 10127:. 10097:, 10085:, 10054:. 10040:^ 9926:. 9914:. 9862:. 9858:. 9786:. 9770:. 9743:. 9739:. 9656:. 9612:. 9600:. 9596:. 9569:. 9565:. 9534:. 9508:. 9504:. 9474:. 9444:. 9414:. 9388:. 9380:. 9376:. 9345:. 9332:^ 9235:. 9231:. 9213:; 9209:, 9158:. 9150:. 9146:. 9101:11 9099:. 9054:. 9012:}} 9008:{{ 8964:^ 8919:. 8801:^ 8743:. 8713:. 8660:. 8637:. 8596:. 8592:. 8506:. 8465:. 8426:. 8396:. 8287:. 8234:. 8206:. 8095:^ 8077:. 8024:^ 8006:. 7967:. 7928:. 7904:^ 7865:^ 7804:, 7778:. 7774:. 7744:. 7716:. 7712:. 7695:. 7683:. 7644:. 7605:. 7601:. 7574:. 7570:. 7490:. 7426:. 7387:. 7383:. 7338:. 7280:. 7251:. 7247:. 7218:. 7185:. 7174:^ 7139:^ 7121:. 7117:. 7100:. 7078:^ 7023:, 7006:^ 6955:. 6896:. 6881:^ 6854:. 6811:^ 6800:. 6781:. 6758:. 6746:. 6738:. 6730:. 6722:. 6712:34 6710:. 6706:. 6694:^ 6611:^ 6574:; 6513:, 6283:, 6279:, 6275:, 6203:, 6153:, 6149:, 6128:, 6120:. 6053:, 6049:, 6045:, 6041:, 6009:. 6001:, 5997:, 5988:. 5891:c. 5848:. 5713:, 5562:, 5558:, 5483:. 5432:, 5428:, 5393:10 5303:15 5269:14 5235:13 5201:12 5146:11 4966:. 4940:. 4763:. 4755:, 4545:. 4538:. 4484:. 4450:. 4419:. 4361:) 4315:) 4279:) 4247:) 3914:: 3901:: 3897:, 3887:: 3883:, 3873:: 3869:, 3851:, 3777:. 3745:a 3737:a 3607:. 3484:. 3358:. 2895:, 2783:. 2772:, 2547:, 2528:. 2469:, 2451:. 2373:. 2170:: 2166:; 2162:: 2112:. 2079:, 1993:, 1989:, 1985:, 1981:, 1969:, 1931:. 1923:, 1919:, 1915:, 1911:, 1827:, 1713:, 1602:, 1598:, 1594:, 1575:, 1571:, 1567:, 1563:, 1559:, 1420:: 1408:: 1404:; 1393:: 1381:: 1377:; 1373:: 1353:. 1332:: 1277:. 1107:, 1031:, 1019:, 1015:: 1011:; 978:,- 880:LB 841:+3 817:+2 34:, 21537:) 21533:( 21527:) 21523:( 21517:) 21513:( 21507:) 21503:( 21497:) 21493:( 21367:) 21363:( 21303:‡ 21287:‡ 21266:‡ 21239:e 21232:t 21225:v 20562:e 20555:t 20548:v 20139:e 20132:t 20125:v 20007:) 20003:( 19833:e 19826:t 19819:v 19678:e 19671:t 19664:v 19572:) 19568:( 19175:e 19168:t 19161:v 18831:e 18824:t 18817:v 18342:e 18335:t 18328:v 18284:. 18215:) 18142:. 18109:. 18080:. 18050:. 18020:. 17994:. 17968:. 17942:. 17916:. 17886:. 17860:. 17834:. 17808:. 17753:. 17723:. 17693:. 17662:. 17636:. 17597:. 17571:. 17536:. 17504:. 17464:. 17434:. 17395:. 17363:. 17324:. 17304:: 17277:. 17246:. 17184:. 17148:. 17087:. 17061:. 17012:. 16986:. 16956:. 16876:. 16850:. 16824:. 16794:. 16764:. 16734:. 16704:. 16674:. 16644:. 16618:. 16581:. 16555:. 16529:. 16503:. 16473:. 16441:. 16410:. 16384:. 16350:. 16324:. 16294:. 16264:. 16222:. 16171:. 16144:. 16117:. 16078:. 16040:. 16010:. 15955:. 15930:. 15876:. 15846:. 15820:. 15737:. 15712:. 15681:. 15651:. 15621:. 15590:. 15564:. 15534:. 15503:. 15477:. 15451:. 15418:. 15391:. 15365:. 15335:. 15305:. 15279:. 15240:. 15157:. 15130:. 15101:. 15075:. 15049:. 15018:. 14988:. 14962:. 14927:. 14901:. 14868:. 14842:. 14816:. 14789:. 14757:. 14722:. 14691:. 14665:. 14633:. 14595:. 14565:. 14534:. 14504:. 14478:) 14464:. 14433:. 14403:. 14373:) 14353:. 14327:: 14306:. 14275:. 14245:. 14219:. 14193:. 14163:. 14133:. 14103:. 14077:. 14047:. 14002:) 13961:. 13931:. 13905:. 13873:. 13831:. 13793:. 13752:. 13711:. 13673:. 13647:. 13616:. 13559:. 13533:. 13503:. 13473:. 13442:. 13411:. 13378:. 13346:. 13314:. 13281:. 13254:. 13228:. 13198:. 13160:. 13126:. 13094:. 13068:. 13038:. 13006:. 12962:. 12932:. 12901:. 12875:. 12849:. 12816:. 12789:. 12761:. 12739:. 12719:: 12696:. 12669:. 12640:. 12612:. 12585:. 12547:. 12516:. 12486:. 12460:. 12430:. 12411:. 12372:. 12294:. 12263:. 12233:: 12206:. 12176:. 12150:. 12117:. 12087:: 12079:: 12052:. 11995:. 11968:. 11928:. 11902:. 11856:. 11830:. 11799:. 11704:. 11656:. 11626:. 11593:. 11562:. 11532:. 11501:. 11470:. 11439:. 11420:. 11390:. 11333:. 11303:. 11272:. 11242:. 11210:. 11180:. 11150:. 11120:. 11090:. 11057:. 11024:. 10992:. 10962:. 10932:. 10906:) 10892:. 10861:. 10826:. 10796:. 10766:. 10733:. 10703:. 10673:. 10641:. 10615:. 10583:. 10552:. 10526:. 10512:: 10506:4 10485:. 10471:: 10461:: 10434:. 10407:. 10378:. 10329:. 10299:. 10265:. 10239:. 10206:. 10170:. 10143:. 10093:: 10070:. 10034:. 10008:. 9982:. 9956:. 9900:. 9874:. 9843:. 9755:. 9724:. 9698:. 9672:. 9642:. 9581:. 9550:. 9520:. 9490:. 9460:. 9430:. 9400:. 9361:. 9326:. 9300:. 9273:. 9247:. 9195:. 9170:. 9111:. 9107:: 9062:. 9018:) 8958:. 8931:. 8851:. 8824:. 8759:. 8729:. 8671:. 8645:. 8612:. 8578:. 8551:. 8524:. 8477:. 8438:. 8371:. 8331:. 8303:. 8181:. 8156:. 8131:. 8089:. 8050:. 8018:. 7979:. 7940:. 7889:. 7859:. 7833:. 7790:. 7760:. 7728:. 7656:. 7617:. 7586:. 7556:. 7531:. 7506:. 7475:. 7438:. 7399:. 7356:. 7324:. 7298:. 7266:. 7230:. 7204:. 7168:. 7133:. 7072:. 7000:. 6974:. 6938:. 6912:. 6871:. 6840:. 6718:: 6688:. 6662:. 6635:. 6522:. 6483:. 5903:- 5375:9 5357:8 5339:7 5321:6 5287:5 5253:4 5219:3 5185:2 5130:1 4980:) 4386:) 4382:( 4376:) 4372:( 4357:/ 4353:( 4311:/ 4307:( 4275:( 4243:/ 4239:( 4226:) 4222:( 4204:) 4200:( 3865:( 3588:( 3544:. 2220:. 1800:. 1659:. 1538:) 1532:( 1527:) 1523:( 1513:· 1506:· 1499:· 1492:· 1465:. 1416:( 1389:( 1369:( 1338:l 1328:( 1303:( 990:/ 987:n 984:ə 981:n 975:n 972:ɒ 969:n 966:ə 963:b 960:ɛ 957:l 954:ˈ 951:/ 947:( 847:) 843:( 833:) 823:) 819:( 805:) 801:( 790:) 735:) 716:) 683:) 664:) 641:) 637:( 617:) 586:) 130:) 126:( 96:) 90:( 85:) 81:( 77:. 67:. 42:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.