3234:
601:’s Office defended the constitutionality of the statute in the federal court proceedings. In May 2007, Attorney General Coakley testified before the Legislature in support of the passage of the legislation. The buffer zone law was signed by Governor Deval Patrick and took effect on November 13, 2007. Attorney General Coakley successfully defended the statute before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, which
135:
terminations that are able to be seen or heard by a person accessing a clinic; footpath interference; and intentionally recording a person accessing a clinic without their consent. The laws, in particular, the recent regulations passed by the NSW parliament in June 2018, were opposed by "sidewalk counsellors" who are "known to stand outside clinics with the intention of changing the minds of women entering the clinics".
609:
fixed buffer zone and six feet floating buffer zone. Enacted on
November 10, 2000, this law was struck down by U.S. district judge Edward Harrington soon afterward because he felt there was an unacceptable discrepancy in the floating buffer zone being applied to anti-abortion protesters but exempted
704:
fixed buffer zone around a clinic, 300 feet (91 m) floating buffer zone around patients, and 300 feet (91 m) buffer zone around the homes of the clinic's employees. The injunction also regulated noise levels outside of the clinic and prevented demonstrators from displaying images which
818:
of New York
University has argued that "much as we do not permit convicted pedophiles to teach kindergarten or convicted hijackers to board airplanes, common sense dictates that individuals who have been imprisoned for plotting violence against abortion clinics should never again be permitted
134:
which enforces 'access zones' of a radius of 150 metres from premises at which abortions are provided. Behaviour prohibited within access zones includes: besetting, harassing, intimidating, interfering with, threatening, hindering, obstructing or impeding a person; protests in relation to
75:
can approach. Protests and other displays are restricted to a certain distance from the building, which varies depending upon the law, or are prohibited altogether. Similar zones have also been created to protect the homes of abortion providers and clinic staff.
811:, the ACLU filed briefs defending the constitutionality of a court order that prohibited defendants from protesting within 15 feet of clinic driveways and entrances in western New York. The Supreme Court upheld the ACLU's position.
579:, the Supreme Court requested that the appeals court of Colorado re-examine their state's law. It was upheld again, and in February 1999, the Supreme Court of Colorado agreed with the holdings of the lower court. In the 2000 case
713:
in 1994. The Court upheld the fixed buffer zone, and the noise regulation around clinics and in residential areas, but rejected the floating buffer zone, residential buffer zone, and prohibition against displaying
79:
Bubble zone laws are divided into "fixed" and "floating" categories. Fixed bubble zone laws apply to the static area around the facility itself, and floating laws to objects in transit, such as people or
205:
of or physical interference with abortion providers or their patients inside of this space. The provisions against protesting and sidewalk counselling were repealed on
January 23, 1996, as violating the
288:
and Scott districts, 30 feet (9.1 m) fixed buffer zone around another clinic, and 10-foot (3.0 m) floating buffer zone around patients and staff. The injunction was granted on August 30, 1994.
1123:
241:
50-metre fixed buffer zone around any clinic, hospital or drugstore that perform abortions. It prohibits interfering with the operations of the abortion provider, sidewalk counselling and intimidation.
325:
prohibits anyone from "preventing the lawful termination of a pregnancy" or "obstructing access to a facility for the termination of a pregnancy", imposing a penalty of up to ten years' imprisonment.
310:
301:
means there a safe access zone with a radius of 100 metres may be created around a general practitioner, obstetrician, or a hospital providing abortion services. The law has not been commenced yet.
391:(FACE), makes it an offense to use intimidation or physical force – such as forming a blockade – in order to prevent a person from entering a facility which provides
1693:
1717:
298:
553:
fixed and eight-feet floating. After being enacted in 1993, the "floating" provision was first challenged in 1995, when three anti-abortion activists suggested that it violated their right to
1800:
219:
50-metre fixed buffer zone around clinics that perform abortions; variable buffer zones of up to 150 metres granted upon application to hospitals, pharmacies and other health facilities. The
187:
fixed buffer zone around a doctor's office, 50 metre fixed buffer zone around a hospital or clinic, and 160-metre fixed buffer zone around an abortion provider or clinic worker's home. The
937:
138:
In
November 2015, Victoria became the second state to pass legislation to limit protests outside abortion clinics and 150 metre buffer zones are now enforced. Prior to this, in 2005, the
1099:
1021:
750:
Donald
Middlebrooks found the law to be an infringement of the right to free speech on April 11, 2006, and ordered that it be enjoined, but upheld the regulation against excessive noise.
1276:
602:
1047:
726:-fixed buffer zone and eight feet floating buffer zone. The statute was approved by the Pittsburgh City Council in December 2005. In 2009, a three judge appeals court panel found in
1246:
1191:
361:
1737:
1298:
1143:
814:
Some pro-choice activists have also argued that anyone convicted of anti-abortion violence should be permanently banned from protesting outside abortion clinics. Professor
1418:
730:
that while either a fixed buffer or a floating buffer alone is constitutional, this combination of buffers is "insufficiently narrowly tailored," and thus unconstitutional.
313:
means a safe access zone may be created around an abortion facility. Within the safe zone, protestors may not obstruct access or make a visual recording of another person.
1848:
996:
284:
fixed buffer zone around doctors' homes, 25 feet (7.6 m) fixed buffer zone around doctors' offices, 60 feet (18 m) fixed buffer zone around two clinics in the
1573:
1597:
1493:
351:
967:
779:
of a clinic's entrance, to protect the safety of patients and staff, and to ensure that clients do not feel intimidated, distressed, or harassed by the presence of
1213:
794:
when receiving confidential legal medical procedures that is compromised if protesters identify patients for the purpose of publicly shaming or intimidating them.
1121:
142:
proposed a law to create buffer zones around clinics in
Victoria. However, these attempts were unsuccessful as buffer zones were not included in Victoria's
1868:
775:
Supporters of such laws claim that these zones are necessary to ensure that women have access to abortion. They argue that a buffer zone helps to prevent
610:
from clinic workers. The law was restored in August 2001 by a federal appeals court. This law was struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court on June 26, 2014.
521:
499:
1683:
1549:
1073:
540:
have passed "buffer zone" legislation, which can create either a "fixed" area around a medical facility or a "floating" area around patients and staff:
505:
1714:
158:
1754:
807:
675:
575:
1445:
2883:
1900:
1091:
1017:
1268:
1166:
933:
490:
1983:
1043:
787:
1238:
1183:
1734:
917:
1516:
802:
388:
1140:
3081:
2267:
1299:"Loi visant à accroître les pouvoirs de la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec et modifiant diverses dispositions législatives"
1821:
1662:
207:
1367:
1346:
482:
pertaining to activity outside of a clinic, and also made it an offense to intentionally release a substance with an unpleasant
1845:
959:
322:
988:
2042:
1570:
790:
have cautiously sided in favour of narrowly defined "bubble zones" around abortion clinics on the basis that patients have a
3071:
1594:
1490:
1462:
1326:
3263:
3031:
2538:
2102:
3051:
2651:
2177:
2097:
170:
3036:
2822:
2591:
2182:
2127:
2037:
1940:
684:
570:
2862:
2898:
585:, the "floating" provision was again appealed before the federal Supreme Court, where this time it was upheld, 6-3.
399:. The law also creates specific penalties for destroying, or causing damage to, either of these types of building.
2918:
2857:
2187:
364:
establishes safe access zones with a radius of 100 metres, and this legislation was commenced on 7 February 2023.
189:
1864:
1796:
417:
have instituted several different kinds of measures designed to protect clinics, their employees, and patients:
263:. Established in 1991, the injunction also limits the number of anti-abortion demonstrators who carry signs, or
130:
Tasmania was the first state or territory to enforce buffer zones. In 2013, the
Tasmanian Parliament passed the
3112:
2781:
909:
798:
2443:
2032:
1546:
1071:
691:, ruled 8-1 to uphold the constitutionality of the fixed buffer zone, but not that of a floating buffer zone.
653:
fixed and 15 feet (4.6 m) floating around four clinics in two cities. The buffer zone resulted from an
504:
the
Supreme Court of the United States ruled that anti-abortion activists could not be prosecuted under the
3197:
2908:
2142:
1973:
805:
in 1994, which guarantees pedestrian access to clinics, but does not restrict related speech activity. In
658:
124:
104:
1758:
822:
Those who oppose the creation of such legislation contend that "bubble zones", by limiting the ability to
569:
would not hear the case, so the petitioners took their case against
Colorado's floating buffer law to the
2711:
2706:
2508:
2503:
2067:
1442:
859:
747:
1397:
3026:
2606:
2027:
960:"Anti-abortion activists lose High Court challenge to laws banning protests outside clinics - ABC News"
3192:
2671:
2006:
879:
566:
1892:
3219:
2518:
2347:
2342:
2247:
2052:
734:
718:
706:
235:, physical interference, and recording or photographing patients and employees within buffer zones.
1164:
333:
Legislation regarding safe access zones for abortion clinics varies considerably by jurisdiction.
3102:
2903:
2827:
2797:
2771:
2478:
2473:
2388:
2062:
1963:
885:
410:
268:
72:
3107:
2812:
2741:
2701:
2681:
2661:
2468:
2438:
2408:
2398:
2317:
2287:
2262:
2167:
2047:
2011:
1933:
1422:
854:
823:
666:
40:, and other actions, or to protect patients and employees of such facilities from threats and
3258:
3204:
3187:
3179:
3164:
3122:
3061:
3004:
2949:
2878:
2847:
2832:
2676:
2523:
2162:
2087:
913:
341:
45:
3066:
1846:
http://bccla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2000_Winter_Newsletter_Democratic_Commitment.pdf
169:
Several "buffer zone" laws have been enacted within Canada. At least three of the country's
71:". This area is intended to limit how close to these facilities demonstration by those who
3214:
3127:
3117:
2994:
2984:
2969:
2893:
2837:
2756:
2751:
2726:
2596:
2493:
2423:
2372:
2352:
2282:
2257:
2242:
2152:
1513:
285:
139:
96:
1825:
8:
3076:
3041:
2999:
2974:
2954:
2933:
2776:
2731:
2691:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2543:
2488:
2403:
2393:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2312:
2307:
2252:
2227:
2172:
2157:
2122:
1968:
869:
831:
644:
392:
371:
260:
259:
fixed buffer zone which requires protesters to remain across the street from a clinic in
228:
198:
37:
3209:
2979:
2959:
2928:
2852:
2842:
2807:
2802:
2766:
2746:
2736:
2721:
2716:
2696:
2666:
2636:
2626:
2558:
2533:
2528:
2458:
2433:
2418:
2413:
2367:
2362:
2322:
2297:
2232:
2219:
2147:
2107:
2092:
1779:
1644:
1619:
695:
173:
have passed laws intended to protect medical facilities that provide induced abortion:
116:
1659:
573:. In February 1997, considering its ruling against a floating buffer zone in the case
3237:
3097:
2964:
2923:
2913:
2761:
2686:
2656:
2548:
2513:
2498:
2463:
2448:
2428:
2302:
2292:
2277:
2237:
2202:
1926:
1375:
1343:
827:
754:
638:
554:
337:
150:
112:
460:
Six states prohibit making threats toward a clinic's staff or patients: California,
3132:
2989:
2888:
2817:
2483:
2453:
2357:
2272:
2137:
1639:
1631:
743:
623:
581:
479:
406:
396:
357:
254:
246:
178:
154:
127:
has a buffer zone of only 50 m that has to be approved by the ACT health minister.
52:
1635:
422:
3169:
2197:
2117:
2082:
1978:
1852:
1741:
1721:
1666:
1601:
1577:
1553:
1520:
1497:
1449:
1350:
1330:
1323:
1170:
1147:
1127:
1077:
921:
630:
509:
472:
108:
100:
21:
2192:
815:
791:
598:
450:
370:- the Abortion Reform Act 2019 establishes an access zone of 100 metres around
1715:
Major U.S. Supreme Court
Rulings on Reproductive Health and Rights (1965-2006)
669:, by three doctors and four clinics. The law was challenged in the 1997 case
665:
filed against 50 individuals and three anti-abortion organizations, including
3252:
3137:
2112:
2057:
780:
763:
759:
739:
723:
701:
650:
606:
605:
on July 8, 2009. The 2007 law changed the 2000 law, which provided for an 18-
594:
589:
550:
281:
618:: 36 feet (11 m) fixed buffer zone and eight feet floating buffer zone.
3147:
3142:
3056:
3018:
2077:
1990:
849:
680:
627:
537:
525:
232:
202:
1684:"Supreme Court Strikes Down Massachusetts Law Curbing Abortion Protesters"
311:
Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion (Safe Areas) Amendment Act 2022
123:
are the states and territories in Australia where buffer zones exist. The
3152:
874:
864:
558:
384:
367:
193:, enacted in 1995, refers to this area as an "access zone". It prohibits
1419:"Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion (Safe Areas) Amendment Bill"
520:. The Court reaffirmed this holding on February 28, 2006 in a unanimous
1398:
Health (Termination of Pregnancy Services) (Safe Access Zones) Act 2024
670:
654:
414:
402:
299:
Health (Termination of Pregnancy Services) (Safe Access Zones) Act 2024
120:
41:
157:" after passing the Public Health Amendment (Safe Access Zones) Bill (
51:
Another form such legislation sometimes takes is in the creation of a
1070:
Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act 2013 (Tas) s 9(1) "
517:
513:
468:. Two states, Maine and Washington, also ban harassment by telephone.
465:
438:
33:
603:
affirmed the constitutionality of the Commonwealth's buffer zone law
344:
includes a section that establishes safe access zones of 150 metres.
3157:
2132:
2072:
1949:
1688:
844:
776:
545:
524:, although only eight Justices participated in the ruling, because
461:
434:
347:
92:
29:
25:
1620:""Buffer zone" law for abortion clinics declared unconstitutional"
597:
fixed buffer zone enacted in 2007. Massachusetts Attorney General
662:
614:
442:
362:
Abortion Services (Safe Access Zones) Act (Northern Ireland) 2023
275:
224:
214:
194:
1269:"New Law Ensuring Safe Access to Abortion Clinics Now in Effect"
1797:"Abortion clinic 'bubble' law met by protests, Chicago Tribune"
562:
454:
446:
426:
264:
626:
in the United States have, at some time, also passed similar
430:
271:
in 1997, and again in 2000, but a judge upheld it both times.
245:
Access zone legislation has also been passed at the level of
184:
1780:
Judge says West Palm Beach abortion law violates free speech
1324:
Abortion in Canada Today: The Situation Province-by-Province
1918:
483:
1822:"BCCLA Position Paper: On bubble zones: A reconsideration"
475:
to a clinic: California, Oregon, New York, and Washington.
354:
establishes safe access zones with a radius of 200 metres
352:
Abortion Services (Safe Access Zones) (Scotland) Act 2024
81:
705:
could be seen from inside. It was upheld in full by the
1092:"Abortion clinic 'safe access zones' become law in NSW"
1018:"Abortion clinic 'safe access zones' become law in NSW"
516:, a law intended to address economic damages caused by
413:
have each established their own version of FACE. Other
16:
Governments sometimes take measures designed to afford
1887:
1885:
210:, but were both restored in October of the same year.
786:Some traditional free speech advocates such as the
1882:
1733:National Abortion Federation. (January 23, 2006).
506:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
153:became the final state or territory to legislate "
1893:"The Case for an Anti-Abortion Violence Registry"
1239:"Abortion safe zones are now official in Ontario"
989:"Abortion 'safe-access zones' laws passed in NSW"
826:, represent an infringement upon their rights to
808:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
676:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
576:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
267:. It was first challenged by Michael O'Malley of
3250:
1491:Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act
1066:
1064:
132:Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act
1617:
1046:. The State of Queensland (Queensland Health).
531:
1344:Alberta judge adds to bubble-zone restrictions
1934:
1755:"Women's Law Project, Buffer Zone Ordinances"
1660:Massachusetts Abortion Buffer Zone Law Upheld
1508:
1506:
1061:
709:but came before the federal Supreme Court in
328:
1163:Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008 (Vic) "
788:British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
766:of clinic entrance enacted in November 2009.
500:Scheidler v. National Organization for Women
464:, New York, North Carolina, Washington, and
378:
1275:. Government of Ontario. February 1, 2018.
493:during a demonstration outside of a clinic.
1941:
1927:
1512:Guttmacher Institute. (December 1, 2006).
1503:
1411:
1390:
221:Safe Access to Abortion Services Act, 2017
1865:"ACLU's Role in Stopping Clinic Violence"
1735:Reproductive Choice in the States in 2005
1643:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1400:(Act). Oireachtas. 2024-05-07. 2024-07-25
1322:Childbirth by Choice Trust. (June 2006).
803:Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act
389:Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act
1184:"Safe Access Zones passes WA Parliament"
1089:
20:. Such legislation often seeks to guard
1569:Wangsness, Lisa. (November 14, 2007). "
1236:
374:and other hospitals in the Isle of Man.
3251:
1903:from the original on December 31, 2022
1530:
1489:National Abortion Federation. (2006).
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1465:(Act). Tynwald. 2019-01-15. 2024-07-25
1443:Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act
1044:"Termination of pregnancy legislation"
425:the entrance to a clinic: California,
323:Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act
316:
18:legal protection of access to abortion
1922:
1713:Planned Parenthood. (March 6, 2006).
1279:from the original on February 1, 2018
1249:from the original on February 2, 2018
1237:Rushowy, Kristin (February 1, 2018).
1194:from the original on February 9, 2022
1139:Heinrichs, Paul. (August 28, 2005). "
905:
903:
489:One state, North Carolina, prohibits
304:
53:perimeter around an abortion facility
2103:Libertarian perspectives on abortion
1727:
1618:Gottlieb, Scott (December 2, 2000).
1571:New law expands abortion buffer zone
1547:Abortion protests & buffer zones
1452:(Act No. 92 of 1996), section 10(1).
87:
2178:Societal attitudes towards abortion
2098:Legalized abortion and crime effect
1595:A move to expand buffers at clinics
1476:
13:
2128:Misinformation related to abortion
2038:Beginning of pregnancy controversy
1658:Pope, Justin. (August 13, 2001). "
1342:Mastromatteo, Mike. (July 2000). "
940:from the original on 20 April 2021
900:
571:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3275:
2043:Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis
1102:from the original on 20 July 2020
1024:from the original on 20 July 2020
819:anywhere near such facilities.".
687:, where Justices, in considering
508:(RICO), a law drafted to counter
292:
164:
3233:
3232:
1593:Estes, Andrea. (May 17, 2007). "
762:-floating buffer zone within 50
478:One state, Maine, has enacted a
387:level in the United States, the
2188:Termination for medical reasons
1871:from the original on 2013-02-17
1857:
1839:
1814:
1803:from the original on 2012-09-26
1789:
1772:
1747:
1707:
1696:from the original on 2020-03-23
1676:
1652:
1611:
1587:
1563:
1455:
1436:
1372:Department of Canadian Heritage
1368:"Human Rights Program: Ontario"
1360:
1336:
1316:
1291:
1261:
1230:
1206:
1188:Government of Western Australia
1176:
1157:
1133:
1050:from the original on 2018-10-24
999:from the original on 2022-12-31
970:from the original on 2019-04-13
916:. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
711:Madsen v. Women’s Health Center
689:Madsen v. Women’s Health Center
190:Access to Abortion Services Act
144:Public Health and Wellbeing Act
1744:. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1724:. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1500:. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
1357:. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
1333:. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
1114:
1090:Visentin, Lisa (8 June 2018).
1083:
1036:
1010:
981:
952:
926:
910:Center for Reproductive Rights
799:American Civil Liberties Union
208:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1:
2033:Beginning of human personhood
1608:Retrieved September 23, 2009.
1545:Hudson, David L. Jr. (2006).
1141:Democrats push for clinic law
893:
421:11 states make it illegal to
2143:Paternal rights and abortion
1948:
1786:Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1673:Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1584:Retrieved November 18, 2007.
1560:Retrieved December 13, 2006.
1527:Retrieved December 15, 2006.
1514:Protecting Access to Clinics
1154:Retrieved December 17, 2006.
746:approved in September 2005.
679:, by anti-abortion activist
536:In the United States, three
528:had not yet been confirmed.
125:Australian Capital Territory
105:Australian Capital Territory
7:
3264:Abortion access legislation
2068:Ethical aspects of abortion
1636:10.1136/bmj.321.7273.1368/e
860:Conscience clause (medical)
837:
683:. The case came before the
497:In the February 2003 case,
10:
3280:
2028:Abortion and mental health
920:November 30, 2006, at the
329:Laws in the United Kingdom
159:Assent date 17 August 2021
3228:
3178:
3090:
3017:
2942:
2871:
2790:
2557:
2381:
2218:
2211:
2020:
2007:Abortion-rights movements
1999:
1956:
1096:The Sydney Morning Herald
880:Abortion-rights movements
770:
661:in response to a federal
567:Supreme Court of Colorado
379:Laws in the United States
171:provinces and territories
55:, known variously as a "
2268:Central African Republic
2053:Abortion under communism
1525:State Policies in Brief.
1463:Abortion Reform Act 2019
1218:www.parliament.wa.gov.au
914:Picketing and Harassment
792:medical right to privacy
735:West Palm Beach, Florida
719:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
707:Supreme Court of Florida
3103:Dilation and evacuation
3052:Conscientious objection
3037:History of abortion law
2063:Crisis pregnancy center
2012:Anti-abortion movements
1558:First Amendment Center.
886:Anti-abortion movements
557:. Although upheld in a
393:reproductive healthcare
269:Campaign Life Coalition
3108:Dilation and curettage
3072:Late-term restrictions
2592:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2168:Sex-selective abortion
2048:Anti-abortion violence
1423:New Zealand Parliament
855:Anti-abortion violence
24:which provide induced
3165:Self-induced abortion
2163:Self-induced abortion
2088:Genetics and abortion
1984:Philosophical aspects
1782:." (April 18, 2006).
828:freedom of expression
342:Public Order Act 2023
321:In South Africa, the
46:sidewalk interference
3128:Menstrual extraction
3077:Parental involvement
2539:United Arab Emirates
2153:Prenatal development
1799:. 18 November 2009.
936:. 22 November 2021.
309:In New Zealand, the
140:Australian Democrats
3138:Abortifacient drugs
2858:Trinidad and Tobago
2173:Sidewalk counseling
2158:Reproductive rights
2123:Minors and abortion
1214:"Progress of Bills"
870:Minors and abortion
832:freedom of assembly
748:U.S. District Judge
728:Brown v. Pittsburgh
659:U.S. district court
645:Rochester, New York
561:and by the state's
317:Law in South Africa
229:sidewalk counseling
199:sidewalk counseling
149:On 12 August 2021,
3032:Constitutional law
2823:Dominican Republic
2148:Post-abortion care
2108:Limit of viability
2093:Late-term abortion
1851:2016-03-03 at the
1740:2007-09-24 at the
1720:2007-08-22 at the
1665:2007-09-07 at the
1600:2012-10-24 at the
1576:2008-09-06 at the
1552:2006-12-08 at the
1519:2007-09-27 at the
1496:2007-09-25 at the
1448:2011-09-29 at the
1349:2006-11-20 at the
1329:2007-08-12 at the
1190:. 12 August 2021.
1169:2014-07-11 at the
1146:2007-09-29 at the
1126:2016-03-05 at the
1076:2015-09-25 at the
824:protest peacefully
696:Melbourne, Florida
532:"Buffer zone" laws
305:Law in New Zealand
117:Northern Territory
3246:
3245:
3098:Vacuum aspiration
3013:
3012:
1899:. July 30, 2009.
1671:Associated Press.
1606:The Boston Globe.
1582:The Boston Globe.
966:. 10 April 2019.
801:helped enact the
755:Chicago, Illinois
624:local governments
555:freedom of speech
491:weapon possession
338:England and Wales
155:safe access zones
151:Western Australia
113:Western Australia
88:Laws in Australia
3271:
3236:
3235:
3133:Medical abortion
3067:Informed consent
3057:Fetal protection
2909:Papua New Guinea
2899:Marshall Islands
2216:
2215:
2138:One-child policy
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1861:
1855:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1824:. Archived from
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1793:
1787:
1784:ABC Action News.
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1757:. Archived from
1751:
1745:
1731:
1725:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1692:. 26 June 2014.
1680:
1674:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1615:
1609:
1591:
1585:
1567:
1561:
1543:
1528:
1510:
1501:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1453:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1374:. Archived from
1364:
1358:
1340:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1273:Ontario Newsroom
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1180:
1174:
1161:
1155:
1137:
1131:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1087:
1081:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
930:
924:
907:
742:buffer zone and
667:Operation Rescue
582:Hill v. Colorado
480:noise regulation
471:Four states ban
397:place of worship
372:Noble's Hospital
358:Northern Ireland
297:In Ireland, the
276:Toronto, Ontario
255:Calgary, Alberta
247:local government
179:British Columbia
57:safe access zone
3279:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3224:
3174:
3170:Unsafe abortion
3086:
3082:Spousal consent
3042:Laws by country
3009:
2938:
2919:Solomon Islands
2867:
2786:
2712:North Macedonia
2553:
2504:Northern Cyprus
2377:
2207:
2198:Unsafe abortion
2083:Forced abortion
2016:
1995:
1979:Abortion debate
1952:
1947:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1853:Wayback Machine
1844:
1840:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1742:Wayback Machine
1732:
1728:
1722:Wayback Machine
1712:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:Wayback Machine
1657:
1653:
1616:
1612:
1602:Wayback Machine
1592:
1588:
1578:Wayback Machine
1568:
1564:
1554:Wayback Machine
1544:
1531:
1521:Wayback Machine
1511:
1504:
1498:Wayback Machine
1488:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1450:Wayback Machine
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1351:Wayback Machine
1341:
1337:
1331:Wayback Machine
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1171:Wayback Machine
1162:
1158:
1148:Wayback Machine
1138:
1134:
1128:Wayback Machine
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1084:
1078:Wayback Machine
1069:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1020:. 7 June 2018.
1016:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
987:
986:
982:
973:
971:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
932:
931:
927:
922:Wayback Machine
908:
901:
896:
891:
840:
773:
744:noise ordinance
534:
510:organized crime
473:property damage
457:and Washington.
381:
331:
319:
307:
295:
167:
109:New South Wales
101:South Australia
90:
73:oppose abortion
12:
11:
5:
3277:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Intact D&X
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2782:United Kingdom
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Czech Republic
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2203:Women's rights
2200:
2195:
2193:Toxic abortion
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1881:
1856:
1838:
1813:
1788:
1771:
1746:
1726:
1706:
1675:
1651:
1630:(7273): 1368.
1610:
1586:
1562:
1529:
1502:
1475:
1454:
1435:
1410:
1389:
1378:on 8 July 2006
1359:
1335:
1315:
1290:
1260:
1229:
1205:
1175:
1156:
1132:
1120:The Guardian "
1113:
1082:
1060:
1035:
1009:
980:
951:
925:
898:
897:
895:
892:
890:
889:
883:
882:("pro-choice")
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
841:
839:
836:
816:Jacob M. Appel
772:
769:
768:
767:
751:
731:
715:
692:
657:issued by the
620:
619:
611:
599:Martha Coakley
586:
533:
530:
495:
494:
487:
476:
469:
458:
451:North Carolina
380:
377:
376:
375:
365:
355:
345:
330:
327:
318:
315:
306:
303:
294:
293:Law in Ireland
291:
290:
289:
272:
243:
242:
236:
211:
166:
165:Laws in Canada
163:
89:
86:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3276:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:Six-week bans
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:South America
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2863:United States
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:North America
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:Liechtenstein
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Malthusianism
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Birth control
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1828:on 2011-11-18
1827:
1823:
1817:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1761:on 2011-09-30
1760:
1756:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1464:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1023:
1019:
1013:
998:
994:
990:
984:
969:
965:
961:
955:
939:
935:
929:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
899:
887:
884:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
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3143:Methotrexate
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3046:
2519:Saudi Arabia
2348:South Africa
2343:Sierra Leone
2248:Burkina Faso
2118:Men's rights
2078:Fetal rights
1991:Abortion law
1907:December 31,
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1896:
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3220:Scientology
3198:Catholicism
3153:Misoprostol
3118:Hysterotomy
2904:New Zealand
2828:El Salvador
2772:Switzerland
2707:Netherlands
2509:Philippines
2479:South Korea
2474:North Korea
2389:Afghanistan
1964:Definitions
1957:Main topics
1355:The Interim
1283:February 2,
1253:February 2,
1198:February 9,
944:31 December
875:Neonaticide
865:Infanticide
783:activists.
559:trial court
368:Isle of Man
286:Cabbagetown
249:in Canada:
69:bubble zone
65:buffer zone
61:access zone
30:obstruction
3253:Categories
2884:Micronesia
2813:Costa Rica
2742:San Marino
2702:Montenegro
2682:Luxembourg
2662:Kazakhstan
2469:Kazakhstan
2439:East Timor
2409:Bangladesh
2399:Azerbaijan
2318:Madagascar
2288:The Gambia
2263:Cape Verde
2212:By country
1875:2014-06-27
1832:2012-02-11
1807:2011-07-22
1765:2011-07-22
1700:2019-10-07
1469:2024-07-25
1404:2024-07-25
1223:2022-02-09
1098:. Sydney.
1054:2018-10-26
1003:2022-12-31
974:2019-06-19
912:. (n.d.).
894:References
777:blockading
671:court case
655:injunction
631:ordinances
411:Washington
403:California
261:Kensington
225:protesting
223:prohibits
195:protesting
121:Queensland
42:harassment
22:facilities
3005:Venezuela
2950:Argentina
2879:Australia
2848:Nicaragua
2833:Guatemala
2677:Lithuania
2524:Singapore
2183:Socialism
2000:Movements
1382:13 August
628:municipal
518:extortion
514:Hobbs Act
512:, or the
466:Wisconsin
439:Minnesota
38:picketing
34:vandalism
3238:Category
3205:Hinduism
3188:Buddhism
3180:Religion
3158:Oxytocin
3027:Case law
2995:Suriname
2985:Paraguay
2970:Colombia
2894:Kiribati
2838:Honduras
2757:Slovenia
2752:Slovakia
2727:Portugal
2597:Bulgaria
2494:Malaysia
2424:Cambodia
2373:Zimbabwe
2353:Tanzania
2283:Eswatini
2258:Cameroon
2243:Botswana
2133:Natalism
2073:Eugenics
1950:Abortion
1901:Archived
1897:HuffPost
1869:Archived
1849:Archived
1801:Archived
1738:Archived
1718:Archived
1694:Archived
1689:NBC News
1663:Archived
1598:Archived
1574:Archived
1550:Archived
1517:Archived
1494:Archived
1446:Archived
1347:Archived
1327:Archived
1277:Archived
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1192:Archived
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1152:The Age.
1144:Archived
1124:Archived
1100:Archived
1074:Archived
1048:Archived
1022:Archived
997:Archived
993:SBS News
968:Archived
964:ABC News
938:Archived
918:Archived
845:Abortion
838:See also
622:Several
546:Colorado
522:decision
462:Michigan
435:Maryland
423:obstruct
407:New York
348:Scotland
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28:against
26:abortion
3215:Judaism
3091:Methods
3000:Uruguay
2975:Ecuador
2955:Bolivia
2934:Vanuatu
2872:Oceania
2798:Bahamas
2777:Ukraine
2732:Romania
2692:Moldova
2652:Ireland
2647:Iceland
2642:Hungary
2632:Germany
2622:Finland
2617:Estonia
2612:Denmark
2602:Croatia
2587:Belgium
2582:Belarus
2577:Austria
2572:Andorra
2567:Albania
2544:Vietnam
2489:Lebanon
2444:Georgia
2404:Bahrain
2394:Armenia
2338:Senegal
2333:Nigeria
2328:Namibia
2313:Liberia
2308:Lesotho
2253:Burundi
2228:Algeria
1974:Methods
1969:History
1645:1173500
1428:16 June
714:images.
663:lawsuit
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615:Montana
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215:Ontario
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2853:Panama
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2803:Belize
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2737:Russia
2722:Poland
2717:Norway
2697:Monaco
2667:Latvia
2637:Greece
2627:France
2559:Europe
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2368:Zambia
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2323:Malawi
2298:Guinea
2233:Angola
2220:Africa
2021:Issues
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1106:9 June
1028:8 June
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