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away, started the engine and was soon taxiing down the runway and into the air on a half-hour joy ride. Even though he hadn't flown for years, as he had in the past, when things built up, he would "take his troubles upstairs and leave them there." The factory test pilots observed that
Grumman had the flaps down as he taxied back to the flight line, and insisted that he pay the standard $ 1.00 fine for a flight infraction. Grumman stuffed a five-dollar bill into the party fund container, confiding that it was to make up "for things he'd done in the air that they hadn't seen."
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Navy, Grumman resigned his Naval commission in
October 1920, becoming a test pilot flying various types of Loening amphibians while doing some design and development on these aircraft. He quickly moved up in the Loening organization, becoming the factory manager and then general manager with responsibility over aircraft design, a position he held until the company was sold in 1929 on the eve of the
258:, Florida, in September 1918. Raymond P. Applegate, his flight instructor, recalled several years later that his young charge "was very, very reticent. Most of the guys, after they fly, they became tougher than hell. Grumman didn't." He was commissioned an ensign (as naval aviator No. 1216), eventually becoming a flight instructor, and assigned to a bombing squadron.
199:. His forebears had Connecticut roots and owned a brewery. When he was a child, his father, George Tyson Grumman, owned and operated a carriage shop, and later worked for the post office. From an early age, "Red Mike" (a nickname he gained because of his red-blond hair) demonstrated an interest in aviation, and in his 20 June 1911 high school
499:. Although the relationship that Grumman had established with the U.S. Navy was the hallmark of the company's success, a set of new projects were initiated with the development of an engineering department, set up in much the same way that he had started out, with a small core of eight engineers given the mandate to explore new technology.
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experienced severe postwar downsizing, dropping from 20,500 to 5,400 employees immediately after the cessation of hostilities. It was an extremely hard decision because the company had been careful to cultivate a positive workplace culture; when a canvass was made of employees who wanted to "move on" at war's end, only 126 came forward.
617:, christened by his three daughters, was launched in 1988 and delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1989. In January 2011, a Civil Air Patrol Squadron from Northport, Long Island, New York, was renamed in his honor: the former Suffolk County Cadet Squadron VII now calls itself the Leroy R. Grumman Cadet Squadron.
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On 19 May 1966, Grumman retired as chairman of
Grumman, but was elected honorary chairman for his lifetime, remaining as a director until 15 June 1972. He continued to visit the company's facilities until his health began to fail in the early 1980s, as diabetes robbed him of the last "vestiges of his
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Despite his innate shyness, Grumman's management style included a "hands-on" approach where he could talk comfortably with both executives and factory floor workers. His relationship with
Swirbul was unusual. They resolved early in their partnership to work out of one office; both men further pledged
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factory. Initially, the new company, with only 18 people on salary, had contracts to repair damaged
Loening amphibians (surplus parts had been bought from the Loening works) and traded on its expertise in working with aluminum by building aluminum floats and producing aluminum truck bodies. The first
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observation/fighter aircraft under contract to the Navy. His duties included test flying as well as serving as the production supervisor. Grover
Loening, the company president, was so impressed with his work that he offered Grumman a position. After a reduction in rank to ensign in the peacetime U.S.
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Swirbul realized his wartime expansion would have to be abandoned, and together with
Grumman made the momentous call for a complete layoff of all staff. However, Grumman personally retained as many veteran employees as possible, calling back the most proficient and experienced "hands", predominantly
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Although
Grumman resisted the "expansionist" efforts that Swirbul advocated, employment grew from 700 in 1939 to 25,500 in 1943, with the company known as the "Grumman Iron Works" (a name derived from their product line's rugged structure and a design philosophy espoused by both Swirbul and Grumman)
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in 1937. In 1934, a company legend grew up around the number "250" which marked the zenith for expansion in
Grumman's mind. He reasoned that if there were more than 250 employees, "it's going to be too big and we're going to lose control of it. That's where we ought to stop." Company accountant Towl
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By 1939, as World War II began, Grumman's struggling company could hardly be considered an industrial giant, with all of its property relying on the services of a single security guard, yet the company was obtaining important civil and military contracts. However, the next year saw dramatic changes
365:, it featured Grumman's trademark "splayed out" landing gear. Grumman's ability as an engineer and designer was characterized by a Grumman Company engineer as that of "'a master of the educated hunch' who could foresee technical problems and their solutions." He single-handedly invented the famous "
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in 1932, based on an earlier design that he had developed for the
Loening Air Yacht. The innovative, manually operated landing gear which progressed from a heavy and unreliable design to a more sturdy version helped his company win contracts from the U.S. Navy. When the Grumman Company received its
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With Swirbul's death on 28 June 1960, Grumman lost not only a close friend but his "right hand" during a time when he was faced with critical decisions as to the company's future. He successfully guided the company into finding new markets for new products. In the move to diversification, he again
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During an unusually hectic period in the summer of 1944, Grumman sought a release from tension in a unique manner. Seeking out company test pilot Selden "Connie" Converse, he asked for a check out in a "hot ship": the front line F6F Hellcat. After a 10-minute cockpit check, Grumman waved Converse
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The co-founders were soon joined by Ed Poor, Grover Loening's business manager, and E. Clinton Towl, who had recently come from Wall Street. These five men formed the company's inner circle of management for the next 50 years. Loening and his brother, Albert P. Loening, also became investors. The
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By March 1945, Grumman oversaw a production effort where all types reached a record 664 aircraft manufactured in one month, although Swirbul had "farmed out" production to a vast chain of subsidiary and licensed manufacturing plants. Like its competitors, Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation
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Swirbul and Grumman oversaw the day-to-day operations of the company. While the employees in the plant felt comfortable calling the outgoing Swirbul "Jake", no one ever called Grumman anything but "Mr. Grumman" out of deference to his reserved manner and respect for his skill as an engineer and
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series of executive turboprop and jet transport aircraft. Although his role as chairman became reduced, Grumman's counsel was paramount and when the Gulfstream project was launched, two models of a high-wing and low-wing configuration were set up outside his office. Grumman personally made the
369:" wing-panel folding system that revolutionized carrier aircraft storage and handling, pioneered on the F4F-4 Wildcat subtype. He worked out the solution by sticking paper clips into a soap eraser to find the pivot point that made the Sto-Wing possible.
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While continuing the company tradition of aircraft production for naval aviation, Grumman pushed for a shift in priorities resulting in the Space Steering Group, a space program that culminated in the design and production of the
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Building with the core group, Swirbul and Grumman restructured the company, first solidifying its long-term contracts with the U.S. Navy, beginning a continuous line of new combat aircraft. Grumman's first venture into
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fighters, Grumman and Swirbul remained the key figures in the design office. As the war progressed, the pair continued to advance new projects, including the largest single-engine aircraft of World War II, the
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designer. Dick Hutton, Grumman engineer and later senior vice-president of engineering described him as a "great engineer, respected by many ..." To family and close friends, he was invariably known as "Roy".
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in resolving that their best option was to quit and form their own company. Grumman mortgaged his house for $ 16,950 and Swirbul's mother borrowed $ 6,000 from her employers to help set up
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Although Grumman realized the importance of his close relationship with the U.S. Navy, by the mid-1930s, he began to design aircraft for the commercial market with the development of the
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project of the new company involved Grumman and Swirbul, as president and vice-president, on hands and knees, sorting out and matching nuts and bolts, prior to assembling Loening floats.
466:, resulting in a severe reaction that affected his eyesight. Although he was not entirely blind, his vision was greatly affected; Grumman began to "become less visible" in the company.
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435:, Grumman's first monoplane fighter design, still bearing his original signature design element, the retractable undercarriage that had been created in 1932.
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that any problems or conflicts that arose between them would not fester, and that neither man would leave the office until they came to an understanding.
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those who had 10 years of service. Grumman stepped down from the role of company president in 1946, but continued to play an active role in management.
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Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Company was later known as Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation and Grumman Aerospace Corporation. In 1994
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In 1953, Grumman was elected to the board of trustees of his alma mater, Cornell University, and donated $ 110,000 for a new
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After one tour of duty, the U.S. Navy sent him to Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study the brand new discipline of
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Although Grumman applied for flight training, he failed a medical evaluation when the examining board incorrectly diagnosed
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Fetherston, Drew. "Raising Grumman: How Leroy Grumman and Jake Swirbul built a high-flying company from the ground up."
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1185:"702 Degrees Given by Brooklyn Poly: Honorary Doctorates Awarded H.A. Bethe, Atom Scientist, and L.R. Grumman."
265:. After the completion of the course, Grumman's first posting, along with a promotion to lieutenant, was at the
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eyesight." Grumman and his family retained their 8,299 sq ft, 2.5 acre waterfront estate at 77 Bayview Road in
880:"Commercial Property/Selling Off Northrop Grumman's Surplus; Cablevision Takes Last of the Grumman Buildings."
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Ferguson, Robert G. "One Thousand Planes a Day: Ford, Grumman, General Motors and the Arsenal of Democracy."
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Unwilling to leave Long Island to continue working for Keystone, Grumman joined fellow Loening employees
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This article is about the American industrialist and aeronautical engineer. For the U.S. Navy oiler, see
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535:(LEM) that landed astronauts on the Moon in 1969. During that same year, the company was rebranded as
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on Long Island where, after a long illness, he died at the North Shore University Hospital in nearby
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Having been told of the U.S. Navy's desire for retractable landing gear, Leroy Grumman was awarded
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Corporation in New York City as the project engineer to supervise the firm's construction of 52
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Three daughters: Marion Grumman Phillips, Florence Grumman Hold, and Grace Grumman Nelson
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entered the commercial civil aviation market, introducing landmark designs such as the
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On 2 January 1930, the company took possession of an abandoned auto showroom garage in
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in the company's fortunes as the war in Europe prompted France and Britain to order
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building which now bears his name, as does an office and lab space on the campus.
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was eventually deputized to tell Grumman that the payroll was already at 256.
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first U.S. Navy production contract for a two-seater biplane fighter, the
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Cradle of Aviation Museum site: includes two photographs of Leroy Grumman
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Barron, James. "Leroy Grumman, The Builder of Aeronautics Giant, Dies."
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company was named after its largest stockholder and first president.
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Long Island Technology Hall of Fame, 2009. Retrieved: 25 March 2009.
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300:. Keystone closed their Manhattan factory and moved operations to
222:. After the United States entered World War I, he enlisted in the
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in 1916. His first job was in the engineering department of the
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National Aviation Hall of Fame, 2009. Retrieved: 20 March 2009.
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A number of honors have been bestowed on Grumman including the
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in June 1917 as a machinist's mate, 2nd class, and was sent to
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in 1973, and the Long Island Technology Hall of Fame in 2002.
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As the company expanded, it moved to bigger quarters – to
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These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame
1101:, Alpha Imports NY Inc., 2005. Retrieved: 23 March 2009.
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bought Grumman Aerospace for $ 2.1 billion to form
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and successfully completed advanced flight training in
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Inside the Iron Works: How Grumman's Glory Days Faded
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1399:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2001.
1382:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2004.
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revised 11 March 2008. Retrieved: 22 September 2010.
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572:(1948), an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree by
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aerial application and crop-dusting biplane and the
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becoming the primary source for U.S. Navy aircraft.
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Biography of Leroy Grumman from Grumman Corporation
1223:"Leroy Grumman, Test Pilot/Industrialist/Engineer".
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1374:, Volume 19, no. 2, February 1983, pp. 27–29.
1339:5 October 1982, p. D25. Retrieved: 20 March 2009.
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167:(4 January 1895 – 4 October 1982) was an American
963:, revised 19 June 1999. Retrieved: 22 March 2009.
885:, 28 December 2007. Retrieved: 22 September 2010.
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3723:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
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1302:, 6 July 1953, p. 15. Retrieved: 20 March 2009.
1191:, 15 June 1950, p. 36. Retrieved: 20 March 2009
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210:Grumman earned a Bachelor of Science degree in
1074:. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008
942:"Founder, First President of Aerospace Firm."
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699:, 11 September 1944. Retrieved: 17 March 2009.
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458:Near the end of the war, Grumman was given a
438:Beginning with the Wildcat and then with the
1433:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishers, 1990.
1416:. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1976.
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1360:Kessler, Pamela. "Leroy Grumman, Sky King."
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731:, 22 October 1995. Retrieved: 20 March 2009.
280:In 1919, the U.S. Navy stationed Grumman at
1287:, 3 January 2006. Retrieved: 20 March 2009.
948:, 5 October 1982. Retrieved: 20 March 2009.
845:, 9 January 2004. Retrieved: 18 March 2009.
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1378:Skurla, George M. and William H. Gregory.
1352:"Pioneers on the Runway: Raising Grumman."
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597:International Air & Space Hall of Fame
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1357:, Grumman Park. Retrieved: 18 March 2009.
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635:(from one of his last public appearances)
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3733:National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
1610:Battlefield Airborne Communications Node
1600:AN/TPS-80 Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar
1431:Ironworks: Grumman's Fighting Aeroplanes
1201:"NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering".
785:19 April 1998. Retrieved: 22 March 2009.
1370:O'Leary, Michael, ed. "Leroy Grumman."
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1282:"USNS Leroy Grumman (T-AO 195), Oiler."
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248:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3743:People from Plandome Manor, New York
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580:for aeronautics pioneering, and the
524:decision to go with "the low wing".
328:Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Co.
1779:Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems
1740:Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems
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1296:"Grumman Gives Cornell $ 110,000."
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16:American engineer and industrialist
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1285:NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office
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628:We always tried to do a solid job.
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3713:Burials at Locust Valley Cemetery
1685:Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk
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1213:, 2009. Retrieved: 20 March 2009.
3688:People from Huntington, New York
1680:Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout
1665:Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS
1620:Ground Based Strategic Deterrent
1397:Hellcat: The F6F in World War II
1245:. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006.
1072:""More Than A Flight of Fancy.""
282:Loening Aeronautical Engineering
181:Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co.
3763:20th-century American inventors
3758:20th-century American engineers
3748:Engineers from New York (state)
1690:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
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1263:"Past Events / Past Inductees."
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277:- and Navy-built flying boats.
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3708:Aviators from New York (state)
1745:Sperry Marine Northrop Grumman
1670:Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler
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593:National Aviation Hall of Fame
574:Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute
1:
1752:Northrop Grumman Ship Systems
1675:Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton
1459:Leroy Grumman at Find a Grave
1241:Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor.
838:"1930: Grumman takes flight."
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537:Grumman Aerospace Corporation
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21:USNS Leroy Grumman (T-AO-195)
3693:American aerospace engineers
1660:Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
1655:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider
1211:National Academy of Sciences
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586:National Academy of Sciences
556:on 4 October 1982, aged 87.
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7:
3738:United States Navy officers
1650:Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit
1347:, Volume 21, Issue 2, 2005.
10:
3779:
3728:Medal for Merit recipients
3718:Businesspeople in aviation
1630:James Webb Space Telescope
1595:AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar
495:and in the 1970s with the
469:
311:
220:New York Telephone Company
18:
3644:
3418:
3325:
3284:
3213:
3172:
3131:
3110:
2994:
2987:
1885:
1799:
1762:Newport News Shipbuilding
1708:
1695:Northrop Grumman Guardian
1640:Mission Extension Vehicle
1522:
1506:
1092:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
842:Long Island Business News
615:fleet replenishment oiler
338:, that had once been the
179:. In 1929, he co-founded
144:
121:
109:
94:
75:
49:
37:
30:
1228:19 November 2007 at the
1206:29 December 2010 at the
694:"The Embattled Farmers."
645:
267:League Island Naval Yard
263:aeronautical engineering
1312:"Leroy Randle Grumman."
1055:Skurla and Gregory 2004
1014:Skurla and Gregory 2004
990:Skurla and Gregory 2004
804:Skurla and Gregory 2004
578:Daniel Guggenheim Medal
384:carrier-based fighter.
380:, civil version of the
340:Cox-Klemin Aircraft Co.
252:Naval Air Station Miami
103:Locust Valley, New York
1645:Northrop BQM-74 Chukar
1345:History and Technology
1268:20 August 2008 at the
725:"Paid Death Notices."
638:
533:Lunar Excursion Module
212:mechanical engineering
205:Huntington High School
150:One son: David Grumman
99:Locust Valley Cemetery
1767:The Apprentice School
626:
400:in 1932, and finally
353:U.S. patent 1,859,624
302:Bristol, Pennsylvania
169:aeronautical engineer
3703:American test pilots
1757:Ingalls Shipbuilding
1733:Los Angeles Assembly
1728:Northrop Corporation
1412:Thruelsen, Richard.
1099:www.tanzanitegem.com
1025:O'Leary 1983, p. 29.
958:"The Grumman Story."
794:Kessler 1985, p. 47.
660:Northrop Corporation
462:injection to combat
197:Huntington, New York
195:Grumman was born in
68:Huntington, New York
54:Leroy Randle Grumman
3333:Apollo Lunar Module
1615:Cygnus (spacecraft)
1363:The Washington Post
633:Leroy Grumman, 1982
560:Honors and tributes
447:torpedo bomber and
228:Columbia University
127:Rose Marion Werther
87:Manhasset, New York
44:Roy Grumman in 1942
3698:Aircraft designers
3214:Utility/Transports
1709:Antecedents &
1429:Treadwell, Terry.
1395:Tillman, Barrett.
1367:, 11 October 1985.
1350:Fetherston, Drew.
1335:The New York Times
1315:The Grumman Pages,
1299:The New York Times
1188:The New York Times
883:The New York Times
612:United States Navy
455:fighter aircraft.
376:amphibian and the
324:William Schwendler
224:U.S. Naval Reserve
216:Cornell University
3665:
3664:
3414:
3413:
1840:
1839:
1786:Ryan Aeronautical
1723:Litton Industries
1560:AN/APG-78 Longbow
1514:Scaled Composites
1414:The Grumman Story
1388:978-1-55750-329-9
1251:978-1-57864-397-4
336:Baldwin, New York
298:Keystone Aircraft
269:as an acceptance
154:
153:
3770:
2992:
2991:
1878:Northrop Grumman
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1545:Antares (rocket)
1540:AGM-88G AARGM-ER
1500:Northrop Grumman
1493:
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664:Northrop Grumman
656:
636:
584:(1968) from the
530:Apollo program's
413:Management style
355:
308:Company founding
230:for a course on
185:Northrop Grumman
138:
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42:
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1448:External links
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1355:LI History.com
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1193:
1178:
1174:Treadwell 1990
1166:
1162:Treadwell 1990
1154:
1152:, pp. 223–226.
1150:Thruelsen 1976
1142:
1138:Treadwell 1990
1127:
1125:, pp. 219–220.
1123:Thruelsen 1976
1115:
1111:Thruelsen 1976
1103:
1069:Deagan, Brian.
1059:
1042:
1027:
1018:
1006:
1002:Treadwell 1990
994:
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973:Thruelsen 1976
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924:Thruelsen 1976
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912:Treadwell 1990
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900:Thruelsen 1976
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878:Shaman, Diana
871:
867:Thruelsen 1976
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2100:
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2068:
2065:
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2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
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1970:
1968:
1965:
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1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:(floats only)
1902:
1899:
1897:(floats only)
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Leroy Grumman
1810:
1808:
1807:Jack Northrop
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
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1716:
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1713:
1711:former assets
1707:
1701:
1698:
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1681:
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1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:AGM-88E AARGM
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1440:
1439:1-85310-070-6
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1422:0-275-54260-2
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1405:0-87021-265-6
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1356:
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1346:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1329:
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1313:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1286:
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1271:
1267:
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1259:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
984:
982:
974:
969:
962:
959:
954:
947:
946:
939:
937:
935:
933:
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920:
913:
908:
901:
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894:
892:
884:
881:
875:
868:
863:
856:
851:
844:
843:
839:
833:
826:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
805:
800:
791:
784:
782:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
751:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
730:
729:
722:
715:
710:
708:
706:
698:
695:
690:
688:
686:
684:
679:
665:
661:
655:
651:
629:
625:
623:
618:
616:
613:
609:
607:
606:Leroy Grumman
600:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
576:in 1950, the
575:
571:
567:
557:
555:
551:
540:
538:
534:
531:
525:
522:
521:Gulfstream IV
518:
514:
513:Gulfstream II
510:
506:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
476:
467:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
441:
436:
434:
423:
419:
410:
406:
403:
399:
395:
394:Valley Stream
385:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
359:
354:
348:
344:
341:
337:
332:
329:
325:
321:
315:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
188:
186:
182:
178:
177:industrialist
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
147:
143:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
95:Resting place
93:
88:
78:
74:
69:
52:
48:
41:
36:
32:Leroy Grumman
29:
26:
22:
3657:Jake Swirbul
3651:
3501:Gulfstream I
3496:Gulfhawk III
3312:Gulfstream I
3266:U-16/JR2F/UF
3173:Recon/Scouts
1888:designations
1886:Manufacturer
1811:
1530:ADM-160 MALD
1507:Subsidiaries
1430:
1413:
1396:
1379:
1372:Air Classics
1371:
1361:
1354:
1344:
1333:
1325:Bibliography
1314:
1307:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1258:
1242:
1237:
1218:
1210:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1118:
1106:
1098:
1076:. Retrieved
1038:Tillman 2001
1021:
1016:, pp. 24–25.
1009:
997:
968:
960:
953:
943:
919:
907:
882:
874:
862:
857:, pp. 23–24.
850:
840:
832:
799:
790:
779:
726:
721:
696:
654:
627:
619:
605:
601:
590:
563:
546:
526:
509:Gulfstream I
501:
493:A-6 Intruder
485:jet aircraft
481:
477:
473:
457:
449:F7F Tigercat
437:
433:F4F Wildcats
429:
426:World War II
420:
416:
407:
391:
374:G-21 "Goose"
371:
357:
349:
345:
333:
320:Jake Swirbul
317:
279:
260:
241:
209:
194:
164:
160:
157:Leroy Randle
156:
155:
81:(1982-10-04)
25:
3683:1982 deaths
3678:1895 births
3586:Switchblade
3581:Super Tiger
3531:Joint STARS
3476:Global Hawk
3406:Switchblade
1774:Orbital ATK
714:Barron 1982
497:F-14 Tomcat
489:F9F Panther
453:F8F Bearcat
445:TBF Avenger
440:F6F Hellcat
398:Farmingdale
382:Grumman F3F
286:Loening M-8
232:"subchaser"
203:address at
117:corporation
3672:Categories
3471:Fire Scout
2619:G-215 (II)
1822:Burt Rutan
1635:MESA radar
641:References
608:(T-AO-195)
543:Later life
460:penicillin
294:Depression
271:test pilot
201:salutatory
191:Early life
173:test pilot
110:Occupation
60:1895-01-04
3571:Skyrocket
3486:Greyhound
3431:Albatross
3261:OA-14/J4F
3077:F11F/F-11
2979:Model 400
2614:G-215 (I)
1590:AN/SPQ-9B
1580:AN/APG-85
1575:AN/APG-83
1570:AN/APG-81
1565:AN/APG-80
1555:AN/APG-77
1550:AN/AAQ-37
1365:(Weekend)
1176:, p. 176.
1164:, p. 122.
1140:, p. 128.
1113:, p. 218.
975:, p. 126.
961:Aerofiles
716:, p. 825.
674:Citations
568:from the
554:Manhasset
464:pneumonia
396:in 1931,
388:Expansion
289:monoplane
256:Pensacola
244:flat feet
234:engines.
3601:Tigercat
3521:Intruder
3491:Guardian
3466:Firebird
3401:Firebird
3060:-6 to -8
3055:-1 to -5
2995:Fighters
1880:aircraft
1605:AN/ZPY-1
1585:AN/APY-2
1523:Products
1266:Archived
1226:Archived
1204:Archived
1088:cite web
1078:24 March
1057:, p. 17.
1040:, p. 24.
992:, p. 25.
926:, p. 36.
914:, p. 21.
902:, p. 34.
869:, p. 25.
827:, p. 19.
806:, p. 26.
752:, p. 19.
631:—
402:Bethpage
367:Sto-Wing
145:Children
3636:Widgeon
3631:Wildcat
3616:Tracker
3591:Tadpole
3561:Prowler
3556:Pegasus
3551:Panther
3541:Mallard
3516:Hellcat
3511:Hawkeye
3446:Bearcat
3436:Avenger
3419:By name
3307:Tadpole
3292:Mallard
3111:Bombers
3102:NATF-23
3082:F11F-1F
2988:By role
1874:Grumman
1718:Grumman
781:Newsday
728:Newsday
470:Postwar
314:Grumman
275:Curtiss
165:Grumman
139:
131:
115:Grumman
3645:People
3626:Triton
3621:Trader
3611:Tracer
3606:Tomcat
3576:Spirit
3566:Raider
3546:Mohawk
3536:Kitten
3526:Jaguar
3451:Cougar
3426:Ag Cat
3348:EF-111
3326:Others
3302:Kitten
3297:Ag Cat
3221:UC-103
3092:F-111B
2974:G-1159
2969:G-1128
2898:G-680
1800:People
1791:Xetron
1437:
1420:
1403:
1386:
1249:
622:squash
595:, the
505:Ag Cat
487:, the
175:, and
122:Spouse
105:, U.S.
89:, U.S.
70:, U.S.
3596:Tiger
3481:Goose
3391:X-47C
3386:X-47B
3381:X-47A
3371:Q-180
3256:OA-13
3236:OA-12
3087:G-118
3072:XF10F
3037:XP-65
3027:XP-50
2964:G-870
2959:G-755
2954:G-754
2949:G-744
2944:G-730
2939:G-728
2934:G-723
2929:G-712
2924:G-711
2919:G-704
2914:G-698
2894:G-674
2889:G-636
2884:G-623
2879:G-618
2874:G-613
2869:G-612
2864:G-607
2859:G-550
2854:G-532
2849:G-518
2844:G-516
2839:G-511
2834:G-487
2829:G-486
2824:G-484
2819:G-467
2814:G-450
2809:G-436
2804:G-431
2799:G-429
2794:G-426
2789:G-413
2784:G-399
2779:G-391
2774:G-378
2769:G-376
2764:G-371
2759:G-359
2754:G-356
2749:G-344
2744:G-342
2739:G-341
2734:G-340
2729:G-333
2724:G-327
2719:G-315
2714:G-310
2709:G-306
2704:G-305
2699:G-303
2694:G-300
2689:G-296
2684:G-288
2679:G-283
2674:G-279
2669:G-273
2664:G-270
2659:G-262
2654:G-251
2649:G-244
2644:G-242
2639:G-235
2634:G-234
2629:G-231
2624:G-226
2609:G-214
2604:G-211
2599:G-191
2594:G-170
2589:G-165
2584:G-164
2579:G-159
2574:G-154
2569:G-143
2564:G-142
2559:G-137
2554:G-134
2549:G-132
2544:G-130
2539:G-129
2534:G-128
2529:G-127
2524:G-126
2519:G-125
2514:G-124
2509:G-123
2504:G-122
2499:G-121
2494:G-120
2489:G-119
2484:G-118
2479:G-117
2474:G-116
2469:G-115
2464:G-114
2459:G-113
2454:G-112
2449:G-111
2444:G-110
2439:G-109
2434:G-108
2429:G-107
2424:G-106
2419:G-105
2414:G-104
2409:G-103
2404:G-102
2399:G-101
2394:G-100
1700:OmegA
1625:IMETS
646:Notes
604:USNS
214:from
133:(
129:
3461:Fifi
3456:Duck
3376:X-29
3343:E-10
3251:OA-9
3200:EA-6
3195:OV-1
3185:XSBF
3149:TB2F
3144:XTSF
3123:B-21
3097:F-14
3051:F9F
3022:XF5F
2389:G-99
2377:G-98
2372:G-97
2367:G-96
2362:G-95
2357:G-94
2352:G-93
2347:G-92
2342:G-91
2337:G-90
2332:G-89
2327:G-88
2322:G-87
2317:G-86
2312:G-85
2307:G-84
2302:G-83
2297:G-82
2292:G-81
2287:G-80
2282:G-79
2277:G-78
2272:G-77
2267:G-76
2262:G-75
2257:G-74
2252:G-73
2247:G-72
2242:G-71
2237:G-70
2232:G-69
2227:G-68
2222:G-67
2217:G-66
2212:G-65
2207:G-64
2202:G-63
2197:G-62
2192:G-61
2187:G-60
2182:G-59
2177:G-58
2172:G-57
2167:G-56
2162:G-55
2157:G-54
2152:G-53
2147:G-52
2142:G-51
2137:G-50
2132:G-49
2127:G-48
2122:G-47
2117:G-46
2112:G-45
2107:G-44
2102:G-43
2097:G-42
2092:G-41
2087:G-40
2082:G-39
2077:G-38
2072:G-37
2067:G-36
2062:G-35
2057:G-34
2052:G-33
2047:G-32
2042:G-31
2037:G-30
2032:G-29
2027:G-27
2022:G-26
2017:G-25
2012:G-24
2007:G-23
2002:G-22
1997:G-21
1992:G-20
1987:G-19
1982:G-18
1977:G-17
1972:G-16
1967:G-15
1962:G-14
1957:G-13
1952:G-12
1947:G-11
1942:G-10
1876:and
1435:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1094:link
1080:2009
697:Time
610:, a
602:The
519:and
451:and
363:FF-1
322:and
273:for
76:Died
50:Born
3441:Bat
3396:Bat
3362:Q-8
3353:Q-4
3338:E-8
3276:C-2
3271:C-1
3246:J3F
3241:JRF
3231:J2F
3205:E-2
3190:E-1
3164:A-6
3159:S-2
3139:TBF
3118:B-2
3067:F-9
3047:F8F
3042:F7F
3032:F6F
3017:F4F
3012:F3F
3007:F2F
1937:G-9
1932:G-8
1927:G-7
1922:G-6
1917:G-5
1912:G-4
1907:G-3
1901:G-2
1895:G-1
296:to
161:Roy
3674::
3226:JF
3180:SF
3154:AF
3002:FF
1130:^
1090:}}
1086:{{
1062:^
1045:^
1030:^
980:^
931:^
890:^
811:^
757:^
736:^
704:^
682:^
588:.
515:,
511:,
356:,
304:.
187:.
171:,
163:"
135:m.
101:,
3366:C
3364:/
3357:C
3355:/
2907:P
2902:F
2382:J
1866:e
1859:t
1852:v
1492:e
1485:t
1478:v
1441:.
1424:.
1407:.
1390:.
1337:,
1253:.
1096:)
1082:.
783:,
666:.
159:"
62:)
58:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
