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909: – "Say to me only, say "My father ...". Henri says nothing as the executioner appears and the couple are led away, followed by Henri. Montfort steps in to prevent him from joining them. As Hélène is led towards the executioner, Montfort steps in and announces a pardon for the Sicilians. Furthermore, he agrees to the marriage of Hélène and Henri and announces to the crowd: "I find a son again!" There is general rejoicing.
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Montfort and when the father approaches the son, there is a hint of warning given. As approaching assassins close in, Henri leaps in front of his father just as Hélène approaches. The
Sicilians are horrified to see that Henri is being spared as the ensemble contemplates the situation. Hélène, Procida, Daniéli and the Sicilians curse Henri as they are dragged away, while he wants to follow, but is restrained by Montfort.
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958: – "Fatal destiny! Oh, fierce conflict!"). Finally, she can go no further and she tells Henri that they cannot be married. Both men are furious with her for her seeming betrayal. Then Montfort arrives, takes the couple's hands, joins them together, and pronounces them married as the bells begin to ring. This is the signal for the Sicilians to rush in and hurl themselves upon Montfort and the French.
829:) to the Sicilians to rebel against the occupiers. When the governor enters, the crowd calms down. Henri, just released from prison, assures Hélène how deeply he despises the governor. Overhearing this, Montfort orders Hélène to leave and then, alone with Henri, offers him a powerful position with his men as long as he stays away from Hélène. He refuses, and immediately follows Hélène into the palace.
875: – "Amid the power, amid the grandeur, an immense, terrible void"). The two men confront one another and Henri is somewhat puzzled by the way he is being treated. Finally, Montfort reveals the letter written by Henri's mother. Taken aback but still defiant, Henri insults his father who reacts in anger as the younger man rushes out: "Fatal word!, Mortal insult! The joy has vanished ...".
905: – "Henri! Ah, you speak to a heart already prepared to forgive") Not seeing Henri, Procida approaches Hélène and reveals a letter telling him of awaiting freedom. But Montfort arrives and orders a priest and the execution of the prisoners while Procida is amazed to discover the truth of Henri's situation. Henri begs for mercy for his friends and Montfort confronts him with one thing:
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314:(who partly set it to music in 1839 under the original title). Verdi raised many objections, many of these being outlined in a letter from Scribe to Duveyrier of December 1853. They included a change of location, of characters' names, certain specific situations (there being no beer halls in Sicily, for example), plus a demand for a "standard" fifth act to make it equivalent to
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As the dance becomes more lively, Robert signals to his men, who seize many of the young women, dragging them off in spite of the protests of the young
Sicilian men. The dejected young men witness a passing boat filled with French nobles and Sicilian women, all bound for the ball. Procida and others determine to gain entrance to the ball and seek their revenge.
346:, who sang Hélène) to write to the Opera's director, Louis Crosnier: "To avoid the catastrophe that menaces us ... I see but one means and I do not hesitate to propose it: dissolution of the contract". However, Verdi persevered and was present at the June 1855 premiere, by then having spent close to two years in Paris working on the opera.
850: – "In darkness and in silence"). The three make plans for an uprising during the impending festivities leading to the marriages of a group of young people. After Procida leaves, Hélène asks Henri what reward he seeks. Swearing that he will avenge her brother's death, he asks for nothing but her love.
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Hélène, who is being held hostage by the French governor, Montfort, enters dressed in mourning for her brother, Duke Frédéric of
Austria, who had been executed by the French exactly a year before and whose death remains unavenged. Somewhat drunk, Robert, a French soldier of low rank, demands that she
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Prior to the events of the opera, Procida, a leading
Sicilian patriot, was wounded by French troops during their invasion of Sicily, and was forced into exile. Montfort, leader of the French troops, raped a Sicilian woman who later gave birth to a son, Henri. Montfort became governor of Sicily, while
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Béthune arrives with an invitation from
Montfort to attend a ball. Henri refuses and is arrested and dragged off. Led by Robert, a group of French soldiers arrive and Procida returns and sees that it is too late to save Henri, since the young people have come into the square and have begun to dance.
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In summing the effect of the libretto as "a competent framework for an opera of effects, of spectacle and theatrical surprise, and Verdi ended by accepting it as such", musicologist Julian Budden then notes two of its aspects which appear distinctive and which are visible in the music. Firstly, "he
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the penetrating intensity of the melodic expressiveness, the sumptuous, wise variety of the instrumentation, the vastness and poetic sonority of the concerted pieces, the hot colour that shines throughout ... communicate to this opera an imprint of grandeur, a species of sovereign majesty more
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was still being prepared) that he returned to Paris and entered into a contract to write an opera, the libretto to be prepared by Scribe, who was given a deadline for a "treatment" to be delivered on 30 June 1853 with rehearsals to begin in mid-1854 and the opera staged in
November/December of that
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in 1992, offers a somewhat different point of view in explaining that the sheer length and scale of this opera (as well as others in the grand opera tradition) find themselves being rarely staged by modern opera houses (since 1992 this situation has changed, see performance history section above).
954: – "The breeze hovers about"). He leaves to find his father, but Procida arrives, announcing a plan to outwit his enemies with their massacre to take place at the foot of the altar after the vows have been said. She is torn, the more so following Henri's return, between her love and her duty (
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Verdi spent 1854 forcing Scribe to make revisions while writing the music, "complaining about the sheer length demanded by audiences at the Opéra". Overall, it was a frustrating time for the composer, especially in dealing with Scribe's 5th act. The librettist was unresponsive to Verdi's pleas for
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adds: "In opting for the grandest possible scale, Verdi was running against the current of fashion" (which he notes had significantly shifted in the months and years following the 1848 uprising, so that the country was now firmly in the epoch of
Napoleon III, meaning "that the social foundation on
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When
Montfort enters, he gives the signal for the ballet to begin. In the crowd, but disguised, are Hélène, Henri, and Procida. Henri is surprised when the two reveal themselves and they declare that their purpose is to save the young man. However, he is disturbed to hear that they intend to kill
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in April 1855: "I shall ... (change) the subject so as to render it acceptable for
Italian theatres." Based on Scribe's suggestions for changing the location – "I suggested that the Duke of Alba should just pack his bags once more and move to Lisbon" – it became Portugal in 1640 while under
266:– the composer had wanted to write a completely new grand opera for the company, the appeal being the same as that which influenced all Italian composers of the day: the challenges of a form different from that of their homeland and the ability to appeal to an audience which welcomed novelty.
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However, its success was not long-lasting. Because the original version never entered the established repertory, performances "limped along" until Verdi attempted to aid its revival at the Paris Opéra on 6 July 1863 by revising some of the roles for selected singers. However, after a few
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used it as a basis for a new, more ample, more rhythmically complex style of melody. Here the model of
Meyerbeer was important ... Secondly, he seized the opportunity of solving a problem which had eluded him in a somewhat similar work,
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An Italian libretto was quickly prepared under Verdi's supervision by the poet Ettore Caimi. The composer was aware that in Italy at that time, it would have been impossible to place the story in Sicily, as he notes to his publisher
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that is imposing and overwhelming. I have consistently in view so many of those magnificent scene to be found in your poems ... Indeed, these scenes are miracles! But you work them so often that I hope you will work one for
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although "the precise position of dance episodes was not stipulated", but the location favoured by the Opera's management and most composers was midway through the grand opera's long-haul journey, the second or third act (or
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480:. Overall, Verdi was not happy with the translation, which Budden regards as "one of the worst ever perpetrated. However, some improvements were made when the opera reverted to its translated Italian title after 1861.
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Thibault, Robert and other French soldiers have gathered in front of the Governor's palace. As they offer a toast to their homeland, they are observed by the local Sicilians, unhappy with the occupation.
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Kolodin comments: "It was, of course, the principle by which Verdi's later career was guided when he had the land and the position he craved and the security that went with them and a wise wife."
1583:"I now know what it means to translate and I feel sympathy for all bad translations that are around because it is impossible to make a good one", Verdi to Ricordi, 6 June 1865 in Budden, p.238
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When Scribe missed his July 1853 deadline, Verdi went to Paris to negotiate directly and it was then that the librettist proposed a solution, using a revised version of the libretto for
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Verdi began discussions with the Opéra but negotiations were stalled by the 1848 revolutions and the composer broke them off for a period of time. It was not until February 1852 (while
1013:(with whom he was having a relationship which began about 1847), writer Irving Kolodin in his essay for the RCA recording, hits on a solution which Strepponi herself had provided:
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After a long period of relative neglect, the opera in its original French version has begun to appear onstage more regularly in the 21st century. A production was mounted at the
901: – Day of weeping, of fierce sorrow!"). Hélène is brought out and confronts him. Finally, he admits that Montfort is his father and she begins to be willing to sympathise (
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973:; namely that of reconciling the private and public emotions of the main characters. ... .the problem being overcome by means of a more varied musical language."
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Procida lands on the shore from a small fishing boat. It is clear that he is returning from exile and he expresses his joy at returning to his native land and city (
871: – "Yes, I was guilty, and she blamed me!"). Béthune tells him that Henri has been brought by force, but Montfort exalts in the fact that his son is close by (
1001:"marks a decisive turn away from the language of the middle-period Italian operas and the emergence of many stylistic features we associate with the later Verdi."
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Covent Garden's staging of the full version for the first time in its history (minus the ballet) in October/November 2013 drew a variety of critical responses.
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Given the frustrations which Verdi encountered in the two-year-long preparation of the opera and the several expressions of these frustrations in letters to
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846: – "O thou Palermo, adored land"). He is surrounded by Mainfroid and other companions and he quickly orders his men to bring Hélène and Henri to him (
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306:, one which had been written about 20 years before at the height of the French grand opera tradition and which had previously been offered to
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had converted him to Verdi's music", but Verdi himself, in a letter of late June, notes that three Italian writers were the most critical".
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However, this "meant that Verdi was writing his first (original) opéra at a point at which the genre was in a state of flux". Musicologist
825: – "Pray, O mighty God, calm with thy smile both sky and sea") and God's reply of "let dangers be scorned" ends with a rallying-cry (
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Henri arrives at the prison gate and, on Montfort's orders, waits to be admitted. He contemplates the situation that his friends are in (
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revisions, until finally, he was forced in late 1854 (with no premiere in sight and the mysterious disappearance from rehearsals of
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year. Verdi was guaranteed the choice of suitable artists as well as forty performances in the ten months following the premiere.
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noted: "Verdi's music has conformed to the procedure invented by French genius without losing anything of its Italian ardour.
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Parker states "with very few exceptions, its main lyrical numbers lack the melodic immediacy of the trio of Italian operas (
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Today the opera is performed both in the original French and (rather more frequently) in its post-1861 Italian version as
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1715:
The Decline and Fall of Medieval Sicily: Politics, Religion, and Economy in the Reign of Frederick III, 1296–1337
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In your position I wouldn't tie myself in any way for the present. I should look for a libretto I liked and
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the Sicilian woman brought up her son to hate him, without revealing to Henri that Montfort was his father.
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Budden notes that "the critics found much to admire in the new opera. ... Adolphe Adam declared that
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This article is about the original French version of Verdi's opera. For the Italian version, see
1767:: How It Came to Be – What it Came to Be". Essay in booklet accompanying the (Italian language)
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Montfort reads a paper from the woman whom he abducted, which reveals that Henri is his son (
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After 1861, in the post-unification era, the opera reverted to its translated Italian title,
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Willson 2013, p. 47, notes that Verdi was willing to comply with the traditions of Parisian
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1809:, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. Program book for 2013 production. pp. 44 to 49.
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2075:, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. Program book for 2013 production. pp. 36–43.
2068:, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. Program book for 2013 production. pp. 19–25.
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in Naples and, in February 2013, the ABAO company in Bilbao presented the opera.
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1886:, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. Program book for 2013 production. pp. 11–17.
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I should like, I need a subject that is grandiose, impassioned and original; a
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1556:, 23 October 2013 on capricciomusic.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2013
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performances, the opera disappeared and was replaced by the French version of
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Everist, Mark (2004), "Killing a Bull" and the Pleasures of History: Verdi's
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950: – "Thank you, beloved friends"). Henri arrives, exclaiming his joy (
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and it is sometimes performed under that title and in that version today.
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The Operas of Verdi, Volume 2: From Il Trovatore to La Forza del destino
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followed immediately after Verdi's three great mid-career masterpieces,
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Letter from Verdi to Ricordi, 29 April 1855, quoted in Budden, p. 238
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997:) that immediately preceded it." However, he does go on to say that
933:"Rich gardens in the Palace of Monforte in Palermo", set design for
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1179:(Recording...appears to be of the performance on 27 June at the
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2019:, New York: Knopf, 1962, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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In July 1852, Verdi had written to Scribe outlining his hopes:
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of 1282, using material drawn from the medieval Sicilian tract
1805:
Willson, Flora (2013), "Bear of Busetto, Lord of the Dance",
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156:
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1823:
The Story of Giuseppe Verdi: Oberto to Un Ballo in Maschera
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As knights and maidens gather, Hélène gives thanks to all (
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sing and she agrees. Her song about the prayers of seamen (
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White, Jonathan (2013), "Problems of Historical Licence",
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set it to music without any engagement and in my own time.
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distinguishable than in this composer's earlier products.
1993:
Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera: From Rossini to Puccini
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Verdi to Scribe, 27 July 1852 in Budden, pp. 171–172
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Governor of Sicily under Charles d'Anjou, King of Naples
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Strepponi to Verdi, 17 January 1853, in Kolodin, p. 8.
1217:(Performed on 23 and 29 September; stage direction by
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1864:. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
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Spanish control. Therefore, the title was changed to
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Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Opera Production
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Netherlands Opera (2010): Opus Arte, Blu-ray (2011)
436:. In May 2011 French versions were presented at the
1843:, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
465:
1978:, London & New York: Oxford University Press.
1961:, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
2071:Wintle, Christopher (2013), "Fortunate Untruth",
1821:Baldini, Gabriele, (trans. Roger Parker) (1980),
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224:. The story is based on a historical event, the
869:Oui, je fus bien coupable et coupable par elle!
382:on 13 June 1855 was received to great acclaim.
211:of 1850 to 1853 and was first performed at the
1860:De Van, Gilles (trans. Gilda Roberts) (1998),
1676:Royal Opera (2013): Opus Arte, Blu-ray (2015)
447:Other presentations have included stagings by
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2131:
1862:Verdi's Theater: Creating Drama Through Music
920:, probably according to the opera's final act
2762:Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi
1959:The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas
1894:Divas and Scholar: Performing Italian Opera
1574:Scribe to unknown, quoted in Budden, p. 238
53:Scene from the Italian version of the opera
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3034:
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1927:(1983), New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
1255:(Performed in October; stage direction by
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47:
2093:International Music Score Library Project
1592:List of singers taken from Budden, p. 168
1532:, Royal Opera, Royal Opera House, review"
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1410:
1404:Verdi to Clara Maffei, in Budden, p. 187.
1332:
1330:
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3538:Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera
1896:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1882:Hibberd, Sarah (2013), "The Creation of
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1177:Orchestra and Chorus of the Paris Opera,
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250:After Verdi's first grand opera for the
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1253:Orchestra and Chorus of the Royal Opera
3533:Operas based on works by Eugène Scribe
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1717:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1318:
1316:
1314:
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1096:(Radio recording of February 12, 1951)
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273:Eugène Scribe, librettist of the opera
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1471:
1419:
432:in 2003 and a 2010 production by the
142:
1431:, operadis-opera-discography.org.uk]
1035:I vespri siciliani § Recordings
879:Scene 2: A ball at Montfort's palace
1995:, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
1841:Verdi’s Middle Period, 1849 to 1859
1472:Maier, Maximilian (12 March 2018).
1363:Verdi to Crosnier, in Kolodin, p. 7
1311:
1288:
1215:and Chorus of the Netherlands Opera
1094:Chorus Director: Edmund von Michnay
627:sister of Duke Frederick of Austria
338:which rested was now withdrawn").
13:
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2010:Giuseppe Verdi: His Life and Works
1814:
1750:" in the booklet accompanying the
1213:Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra
793:Problems playing these files? See
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14:
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1788:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
513:Roles, voice types, premiere cast
260:in 1847 given under the title of
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3011:
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2961:Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto Story
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1925:Verdi: His Music, Life and Times
1913:, New York: Da Capo Press, Inc.
1090:Orchestra of Hessischer Rundfunk
942:The gardens of Montfort's palace
785:, Phonodisc Mondial, before 1909
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466:Verdi's Italian-language version
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1033:For recordings in Italian, see
823:Ô viens à nous, Dieu tutélaire!
705:a Sicilian, adherent of Procida
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3347:The Mastersingers of Nuremberg
2202:I Lombardi alla prima crociata
2172:Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio
2052:Verdi: The Man and His Letters
2031:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
2029:Warrack, John and West, Ewan,
1839:Chusid, Martin, (Ed.) (1997),
1829:: Cambridge University Press.
1366:
1357:
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55:(Lithograph by Roberto Focosi)
1:
1791:, vol. 4. London: Macmillan.
1713:Backman, Clifford R. (2002),
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378:The first performance at the
2981:Casa di Riposo per Musicisti
2726:Theatres named after Verdi (
569:Théodore-Jean-Joseph Coulon
7:
3548:War of the Sicilian Vespers
3215:The Trojans: Parts I and II
2720:Memorials to Giuseppe Verdi
1944:, New York: Da Capo Press.
1942:The Complete Opera of Verdi
1911:The Complete Opera of Verdi
749:Sinfonia (overture), part 1
718:
654:Clarisse-Françoise Sannier
527:Premiere cast, 13 June 1855
231:Lu rebellamentu di Sichilia
93:Original 1838 libretto for
10:
3564:
2830:Portrait of Giuseppe Verdi
2054:, New York, Vienna House.
1474:"Verdi mit Techno-Ballett"
1201:Alejandro Marco-Buhrmester
1057:opera house and orchestra
1032:
1021:(Italics in the original).
863:Scene 1: Montfort's palace
848:Dans l'ombre et le silence
18:
3508:Libretti by Eugène Scribe
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2850:Verdi, the King of Melody
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2678:String Quartet in E minor
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1540:(London), 18 October 2013
1514:(London), 18 October 2013
1441:Emmanuel Andrieu (2013).
1377:, quoted in Kolodin, p. 8
363:Playbill for the premiere
144:[levɛːpʁsisiljɛn]
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3503:Operas by Giuseppe Verdi
2518:Libiamo ne' lieti calici
1972:Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane
1482:(4:20 audio) (in German)
1416:Budden, pp. 238–240
1354:Budden, pp. 170–171
1345:Budden, pp. 173–174
1322:Parker, pp. 924–925
1262:Blu-ray, DVD: Opus Arte
1088:Chorus and Orchestra of
961:
952:La brise souffle au loin
924:
903:Ami! le cœur d'Hélène...
887:
857:
832:
806:
490:
310:(who refused it) and to
3227:Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk
2755:Giuseppe Verdi Monument
2482:Bella figlia dell'amore
2302:La battaglia di Legnano
1779:Vêpres siciliennes, Les
1429:Recordings of the opera
1386:Quoted in Kolodin, p. 8
1224:Blu-ray, DVD: Opus Arte
1004:
970:La battaglia di Legnano
873:Au sein de la puissance
583:Jacques-Alfred Guignot
574:Le Comte de Vaudemont,
507:Soprano Sophie Cruvelli
438:Grand Théâtre de Genève
424:20th century and beyond
16:Opera by Giuseppe Verdi
3513:French-language operas
3382:English National Opera
3352:English National Opera
3335:Les vêpres siciliennes
3280:English National Opera
3256:English National Opera
3244:English National Opera
3220:English National Opera
3125:English National Opera
3101:English National Opera
2362:Les vêpres siciliennes
2088:Les vêpres siciliennes
2073:Les Vêpres siciliennes
2066:Les Vêpres siciliennes
2015:Walker, Frank (1962),
1884:Les Vêpres siciliennes
1807:Les Vêpres siciliennes
1756:Les vêpres Siciliennes
1748:Les Vêpres Siciliennes
1552:Les vêpres siciliennes
1530:Les Vêpres Siciliennes
1504:Les vêpres siciliennes
1445:Les Vêpres siciliennes
1165:Anthony Michaels-Moore
1023:
938:
921:
742:
697:Mécène Marié de l'Isle
508:
500:
499:Baritone Marc Bonnehée
375:
372:Les vêpres Siciliennes
364:
298:
274:
247:
135:Les vêpres siciliennes
111:13 June 1855
30:Les vêpres siciliennes
3323:Einstein on the Beach
3263:Pelléas and Mélisande
3084:La damnation de Faust
2527:Un dì, felice, eterea
1169:Ferruccio Furlanetto
1135:BBC Concert Orchestra
1015:
932:
915:
827:Courage!… du courage!
812:Palermo's main square
741:
506:
498:
370:
362:
287:
272:
245:
140:French pronunciation:
3543:Operas set in Sicily
3359:Cavalleria rusticana
3161:Welsh National Opera
3149:Welsh National Opera
2989:Verdi Transcriptions
2639:Un ballo in maschera
2585:La forza del destino
2412:La forza del destino
2402:Un ballo in maschera
2156:List of compositions
2033:New York: OUP: 1992
1186:CD: Celestial Audio,
1011:Giuseppina Strepponi
625:La Duchesse Hélène,
558:Le Sire de Béthune,
453:Bavarian State Opera
374:: cover of the score
254:– his adaptation of
155:in five acts by the
149:The Sicilian Vespers
3292:Royal Opera, London
3268:Royal Opera, London
3232:Royal Opera, London
3208:Royal Opera, London
3196:Royal Opera, London
3184:Royal Opera, London
3144:La clemenza di Tito
3137:Royal Opera, London
3113:Royal Opera, London
3089:Royal Opera, London
3077:Royal Opera, London
2821:Cultural depictions
2700:Quattro pezzi sacri
2548:Opera discographies
2100:, giuseppeverdi.it
1771:RCA recording, BMG.
1727:. London: Cassell.
1537:The Daily Telegraph
1524:Rupert Christiansen
1235:Lianna Haroutounian
1112:Jacqueline Brumaire
1103:Cat: LPEM 19244/46
1100:Deutsche Grammophon
948:Merci, jeunes amies
668:Jean-Jacques Boulo
515:
350:Performance history
238:Composition history
3287:Tristan und Isolde
3191:Boulevard Solitude
3120:Tristan und Isolde
2748:Milan Conservatory
2669:Inno delle nazioni
2650:Other compositions
2372:I vespri siciliani
2182:Un giorno di regno
2098:Synopsis, libretto
2012:, New York: Knopf.
1976:Verdi: A Biography
1765:I vespri Siciliani
1075:Heinrich Schlusnus
939:
935:I vespri siciliani
922:
907:Dis: mon père! dis
743:
511:
509:
501:
485:I vespri siciliani
478:Giovanna de Guzman
376:
365:
275:
248:
221:I vespri siciliani
21:I vespri siciliani
3468:
3467:
3418:Royal Opera House
3406:Royal Opera House
3311:Castor and Pollux
3179:The Greek Passion
3156:Hansel and Gretel
3023:
3022:
2863:(1982 miniseries)
2860:The Life of Verdi
2797:Verdi, California
2509:La donna è mobile
1967:978-0-19-531314-7
1741:978-0-19-520450-6
1733:978-0-19-520068-3
1500:Andrew Clements,
1266:
1265:
1160:Marcello Giordani
776:
758:
716:
715:
611:a Sicilian doctor
460:Royal Opera House
434:Netherlands Opera
215:on 13 June 1855.
181:Charles Duveyrier
131:
130:
73:Charles Duveyrier
3555:
3485:
3484:
3476:
3328:Barbican Theatre
3316:Coliseum Theatre
3239:Madama Butterfly
3050:
3043:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3014:
3013:
3000:
2993:
2983:
2973:Related articles
2965:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2892:Film adaptations
2884:
2874:
2864:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2722:
2704:
2694:
2693:
2686:Messa da Requiem
2681:
2673:
2663:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2549:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2382:Simon Boccanegra
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2196:
2186:
2176:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2103:
2091:: Scores at the
1989:Pistone, Danièle
1938:Osborne, Charles
1923:Martin, George,
1907:Osborne, Charles
1701:
1674:
1668:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1521:
1515:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1417:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1286:
1283:
1251:Antonio Pappano,
1157:Nelly Miricioiu,
1040:
1039:
916:Painting of the
778:
777:
760:
759:
740:
689:a French soldier
675:a French soldier
619:Louis-Henri Obin
590:a young Sicilian
576:a French officer
560:a French officer
516:
514:
510:
442:Teatro San Carlo
226:Sicilian Vespers
183:from their work
146:
141:
125:
118:
116:
51:
26:
25:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3459:The Royal Opera
3447:The Royal Opera
3435:The Royal Opera
3424:(2021 Covid-19)
3394:The Royal Opera
3370:The Royal Opera
3340:The Royal Opera
3166:
3059:
3054:
3024:
3019:
3003:
2996:
2986:
2979:
2968:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2725:
2718:
2707:
2697:
2684:
2676:
2666:
2659:Suona la tromba
2656:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2375:(December 1855)
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2232:Giovanna d'Arco
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2158:
2149:
2144:
2101:
2083:
2078:
1890:Gossett, Philip
1817:
1815:Further reading
1812:
1761:Kolodin, Irving
1704:
1675:
1671:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1548:
1544:
1522:
1518:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1451:concertonet.com
1439:
1435:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1326:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1225:
1216:
1211:
1208:Paolo Carignani
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:Barbara Haveman
1187:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1133:
1130:Ashley Lawrence
1127:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1073:
1071:Helge Rosvaenge
1069:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1031:
1007:
964:
937:act 5 (undated)
927:
899:O jour de peine
890:
860:
844:Et toi, Palerme
835:
809:
800:
799:
791:
789:
788:
787:
786:
779:
772:
769:
763:
762:
761:
754:
751:
744:
738:
721:
637:Sophie Cruvelli
538:Guy de Montfort
531:Narcisse Girard
528:
512:
493:
468:
449:Frankfurt Opera
426:
357:
352:
344:Sophie Cruvelli
240:
139:
127:
126:
121:
119:
114:
112:
77:
56:
54:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3490:
3489:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3450:
3438:
3426:
3421:
3409:
3401:Katya Kabanova
3397:
3385:
3373:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3271:
3259:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3211:
3199:
3187:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2906:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2840:Giuseppe Verdi
2835:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2769:Verdi (crater)
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2682:
2674:
2664:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2500:Di quella pira
2495:
2486:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2464:Opera excerpts
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:Giuseppe Verdi
2143:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2082:
2081:External links
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2041:
2027:
2013:
2003:
1986:
1969:
1952:
1935:
1921:
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1880:
1858:
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1818:
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1810:
1803:
1772:
1758:
1744:
1721:Budden, Julian
1718:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1669:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1624:Parker, p. 927
1617:
1615:Budden, p. 188
1608:
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1576:
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1558:
1542:
1516:
1493:
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1397:
1395:Budden, p. 187
1388:
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1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1336:Everist, p. 12
1324:
1310:
1301:
1299:Budden, p. 169
1287:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:Stefan Herheim
1249:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1205:
1198:Burkhard Fritz
1194:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1181:Opéra Bastille
1170:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1122:
1117:Neilson Taylor
1109:
1105:
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1097:
1081:
1066:
1062:
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1030:
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1003:
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889:
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859:
856:
838:Beside the sea
834:
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808:
805:
790:
780:
770:
765:
764:
752:
747:
746:
745:
736:
735:
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733:
732:
729:
720:
717:
714:
713:
712:Joseph Koenig
710:
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684:
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680:
677:
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629:
622:
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616:
613:
603:
602:
600:Louis Guéymard
597:
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581:
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571:
570:
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562:
555:
554:
549:
544:
534:
533:
525:
520:
492:
489:
473:Giulio Ricordi
467:
464:
430:Bastille Opera
425:
422:
392:Hector Berlioz
356:
353:
351:
348:
239:
236:
166:Giuseppe Verdi
129:
128:
120:
110:
108:
104:
103:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
76:
75:
70:
64:
62:
58:
57:
52:
44:
43:
41:Giuseppe Verdi
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3560:
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3539:
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3317:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3293:
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3284:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3269:
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3260:
3257:
3253:
3252:
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3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3096:Khovanshchina
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
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3044:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3006:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2957:
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2952:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2880:Risorgimento!
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2811:Verdi, Nevada
2808:
2805:
2804:Verdi, Kansas
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
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2701:
2696:
2692:
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2655:
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2652:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2635:
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2222:I due Foscari
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2111:Naxos Records
2108:
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2099:
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2070:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:0-8443-0088-8
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:Werfel, Franz
2042:
2040:
2039:0-19-869164-5
2036:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:0-226-87132-0
2022:
2018:
2017:The Man Verdi
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:Toye, Francis
2004:
2002:
2001:0-931340-82-9
1998:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:0-19-313204-4
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:Parker, Roger
1953:
1951:
1950:0-306-80072-1
1947:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:0-396-08196-7
1930:
1926:
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1919:0-306-80072-1
1916:
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1902:0-226-30482-5
1899:
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1878:0-226-14370-8
1875:
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1870:0-226-14369-4
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1857:
1856:0-226-10659-4
1853:
1850:
1849:0-226-10658-6
1846:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:0-521-29712-5
1832:
1828:
1825:. Cambridge,
1824:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:1-56159-228-5
1798:
1797:0-333-73432-7
1794:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1783:Stanley Sadie
1780:
1776:
1775:Parker, Roger
1773:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:recording of
1753:
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1742:
1738:
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1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1707:Cited sources
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:; DVD (2015)
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1659:; DVD (2011)
1658:
1654:
1648:
1642:Kolodin, p. 8
1639:
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1513:
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1507:
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1497:
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1452:
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1447:réhabilitées"
1446:
1437:
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1423:
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1392:
1383:
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1296:
1294:
1292:
1285:Backman, p. 6
1282:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1261:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1247:Erwin Schrott
1244:
1243:Michael Volle
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1204:Balint Szabo
1202:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:Cat: ORCV303
1147:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Stafford Dean
1115:Jean Bonhomme
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1084:Kurt Schröder
1082:
1080:
1079:Otto von Rohr
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1046:Cast: Hélène,
1045:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
980:, writing in
979:
976:Musicologist
974:
972:
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579:
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572:
568:
566:
563:
561:
557:
556:
553:
552:Marc Bonnehée
550:
548:
545:
543:
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347:
345:
339:
336:
335:Julian Budden
331:
329:
328:
323:
322:
321:Les Huguenots
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:
303:Le duc d'Albe
297:
294:
293:
292:mise-en-scène
286:
283:
280:
271:
267:
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259:
258:
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246:Verdi in 1859
244:
235:
233:
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227:
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216:
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210:
209:
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197:
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186:Le duc d'Albe
182:
178:
177:Eugène Scribe
174:
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137:
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109:
105:
102:
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100:Le duc d'Albe
96:
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80:
74:
71:
69:
68:Eugène Scribe
66:
65:
63:
59:
50:
45:
42:
38:
34:
31:
27:
22:
3518:Grand operas
3452:
3440:
3428:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3357:
3345:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3304:Soho Theatre
3297:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3171:2001–present
3154:
3142:
3130:
3118:
3106:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3009:
2988:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2930:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2883:(2011 opera)
2878:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2712:Recognitions
2698:
2667:
2657:
2638:
2629:
2621:Il trovatore
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2536:Va, pensiero
2491:Celeste Aida
2473:Anvil Chorus
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2342:Il trovatore
2340:
2330:
2320:
2312:Luisa Miller
2310:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2272:I masnadieri
2270:
2260:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2180:
2170:
2102:(in Italian)
2087:
2072:
2065:
2051:
2048:Stefan, Paul
2030:
2016:
2009:
1992:
1975:
1958:
1941:
1924:
1910:
1893:
1883:
1872:(hardback),
1861:
1840:
1826:
1822:
1806:
1786:
1778:
1769:James Levine
1764:
1755:
1747:
1743:(paperback).
1735:(hardcover)
1724:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1672:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1551:
1545:
1535:
1529:
1519:
1511:The Guardian
1509:
1503:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1477:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1450:
1444:
1436:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1304:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1219:Christof Loy
1188:Cat: CA 452
1173:James Conlon
1132:for ballet),
1024:
1018:
1016:
1008:
998:
994:
991:Il trovatore
990:
986:
981:
978:Roger Parker
975:
968:
965:
955:
951:
947:
945:
941:
940:
934:
906:
902:
898:
896:
892:
891:
882:
878:
877:
872:
868:
866:
862:
861:
852:
847:
843:
841:
837:
836:
826:
822:
819:
815:
811:
810:
801:
792:
704:
688:
674:
660:
644:
626:
610:
607:Jean Procida
589:
575:
559:
541:
484:
482:
477:
469:
457:
451:in 2013 and
446:
427:
417:
413:Il trovatore
411:
408:
403:
401:
395:
390:
383:
377:
371:
355:19th century
340:
332:
325:
319:
301:
299:
290:
288:
284:
279:Il trovatore
278:
276:
261:
255:
249:
229:
219:
217:
206:
202:Il trovatore
200:
194:
190:
184:
148:
134:
133:
132:
98:
29:
3523:1855 operas
3132:Paul Bunyan
2998:Villa Verdi
2921:La Traviata
2873:(1985 play)
2853:(1953 film)
2843:(1938 film)
2783:Verdi Range
2776:Verdi Inlet
2703:(1889–1897)
2630:La traviata
2365:(June 1855)
2352:La traviata
1603:Grand opera
1453:(in French)
1239:Bryan Hymel
1226:Cat: 1060D
1125:Mario Rossi
1068:Maud Cunitz
995:La traviata
956:Sort fatal!
703:Mainfroid,
661:her servant
529:Conductor:
440:and at the
418:Le trouvère
394:wrote: "In
380:Paris Opéra
327:Le prophète
252:Paris Opéra
213:Paris Opéra
208:La traviata
153:grand opera
123:Paris Opéra
37:Grand opera
3497:Categories
3413:Billy Budd
3389:Semiramide
3108:Billy Budd
2991:(Finnissy)
2870:After Aida
2790:3975 Verdi
2567:Don Carlos
2425:(1867/84)
2422:Don Carlos
2415:(1862/69)
2292:Il corsaro
2265:(1847/65)
1752:Opera Rara
1698:1050341588
1479:BR-Klassik
1269:References
1146:Opera Rara
1140:BBC Chorus
1055:Conductor,
1029:Recordings
999:Les vêpres
795:media help
781:Orchestra
731:Time: 1282
673:Thibault,
523:Voice type
404:Les vêpres
396:Les vêpres
257:I Lombardi
191:Les vêpres
115:1855-06-13
61:Librettist
3454:Innocence
3365:Pagliacci
3275:Partenope
3072:Stiffelio
3064:1993–2000
2612:Rigoletto
2385:(1857/81)
2332:Rigoletto
2322:Stiffelio
2282:Jérusalem
1785:, (ed.),
1777:(1998), "
1763:(1974), "
1694:905385323
1686:903960143
1682:956538104
1665:977978089
1657:760171346
1506:– review"
1374:La Presse
1050:Montfort,
987:Rigoletto
693:baritone
682:M. Aimes
659:Daniéli,
650:contralto
643:Ninette,
455:in 2018.
385:La Presse
316:Meyerbeer
312:Donizetti
263:Jérusalem
196:Rigoletto
189:of 1838.
168:set to a
95:Donizetti
3377:Akhnaten
3016:Category
2736:Florence
2728:Brindisi
2576:Falstaff
2452:Falstaff
2107:Synopsis
2050:(1973),
2008:(1931),
1991:(1995),
1974:(1993),
1957:(2007),
1940:(1969),
1909:(1969),
1892:(2006),
1723:(1984),
1052:Procida
893:A prison
783:Martucci
719:Synopsis
687:Robert,
645:her maid
547:baritone
173:libretto
163:composer
160:romantic
107:Premiere
90:Based on
82:Language
3203:Wozzeck
2941:Macbeth
2740:Trieste
2732:Busseto
2688:(1874)
2594:Macbeth
2445:(1887)
2435:(1871)
2405:(1859)
2355:(1853)
2345:(1853)
2335:(1851)
2262:Macbeth
2192:Nabucco
1554:at ROH"
1486:11 July
1457:11 July
1060:Label
918:Vespers
728:, Italy
726:Palermo
724:Place:
632:soprano
588:Henri,
157:Italian
151:) is a
113: (
3528:Operas
3473:Portal
3461:(2024)
3449:(2023)
3442:Alcina
3437:(2022)
3430:Jenůfa
3420:(2020)
3408:(2019)
3396:(2018)
3384:(2017)
3372:(2016)
3354:(2015)
3342:(2014)
3330:(2013)
3318:(2012)
3306:(2011)
3299:Bohème
3294:(2010)
3282:(2009)
3270:(2008)
3258:(2007)
3251:Jenufa
3246:(2006)
3234:(2005)
3222:(2004)
3210:(2003)
3198:(2002)
3186:(2001)
3163:(2000)
3151:(1999)
3139:(1998)
3127:(1997)
3115:(1996)
3103:(1995)
3091:(1994)
3079:(1993)
2964:(2005)
2954:(1987)
2944:(1987)
2934:(1986)
2931:Otello
2924:(1983)
2914:(1953)
2904:(1906)
2901:Otello
2833:(1886)
2680:(1873)
2672:(1862)
2662:(1848)
2603:Otello
2455:(1893)
2442:Otello
2395:(1857)
2392:Aroldo
2325:(1850)
2315:(1849)
2305:(1849)
2295:(1848)
2285:(1847)
2275:(1847)
2255:(1846)
2252:Attila
2245:(1845)
2242:Alzira
2235:(1845)
2225:(1844)
2215:(1844)
2212:Ernani
2205:(1843)
2195:(1842)
2185:(1840)
2175:(1839)
2163:Operas
2058:
2037:
2023:
1999:
1982:
1965:
1948:
1931:
1917:
1900:
1876:
1868:
1854:
1847:
1833:
1795:
1781:", in
1739:
1731:
1692:
1680:
1663:
1655:
1606:both).
1048:Henri,
767:Part 2
709:tenor
679:tenor
665:tenor
308:Halévy
170:French
85:French
3487:Opera
2109:from
1827:et al
1274:Notes
1231:2013
1193:2010
1154:2003
1043:Year
982:Grove
962:Music
925:Act 5
888:Act 4
858:Act 3
833:Act 2
807:Act 1
615:bass
595:tenor
580:bass
519:Role
491:Roles
2951:Aida
2911:Aida
2558:Aida
2432:Aida
2056:ISBN
2046:and
2035:ISBN
2021:ISBN
1997:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1874:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1690:OCLC
1678:OCLC
1661:OCLC
1653:OCLC
1488:2023
1459:2023
1144:CD:
1108:1969
1065:1951
1005:Coda
993:and
565:bass
458:The
205:and
179:and
3368:–
324:or
318:'s
296:me.
175:by
97:'s
39:by
3499::
3457:–
3445:–
3433:–
3416:–
3404:–
3392:–
3380:–
3362:/
3350:–
3338:–
3326:–
3314:–
3302:–
3290:–
3278:–
3266:–
3254:–
3242:–
3230:–
3218:–
3206:–
3194:–
3182:–
3159:–
3147:–
3135:–
3123:–
3111:–
3099:–
3087:–
3075:–
2738:-
2734:-
2730:-
1799:,
1696:,
1684:,
1534:,
1526:,
1508:,
1476:.
1449:.
1421:^
1409:^
1327:^
1313:^
1290:^
1259:)
1221:)
1183:)
989:,
609:,
540:,
416:,
330:.
234:.
199:,
147:;
3475::
3049:e
3042:t
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2742:)
2538:"
2534:"
2529:"
2525:"
2520:"
2516:"
2511:"
2507:"
2502:"
2498:"
2493:"
2489:"
2484:"
2480:"
2475:"
2471:"
2139:e
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2125:v
1700:.
1667:.
1550:"
1528:"
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1490:.
1461:.
1443:"
1210:,
1175:,
1167:,
1162:,
1137:,
1128:(
1092:,
1086:,
1037:.
797:.
138:(
117:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
