Lewis and Clark Expedition

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pulling boats upstream. Despite his contributions to the Corps of Discovery, Clark refused to release York from bondage upon returning east. While all the other explorers enjoyed rewards of double pay and hundreds of acres of land, York received nothing. After the end of the expedition, Clark allowed York only a brief visit to Kentucky to see his wife before forcing him to return to Missouri. It is unlikely that he ever saw his wife again: "ten years after the expedition's end, York was still enslaved, working as a wagoner for the Clark family". The last years of York's life are disputed. In the 1830s, a Black man who said he had first come with Lewis and Clark was living as a chief with Native Americans they met on the expedition, in modern Wyoming.

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American trail that led from the upper end of the Missouri River to the Columbia River which ran to the Pacific Ocean. They gained information about the natural habitat, flora and fauna, bringing back various plant, seed and mineral specimens. They mapped the topography of the land, designating the location of mountain ranges, rivers and the many Native American tribes during the course of their journey. They also learned and recorded much about the language and customs of the Native American tribes they encountered, and brought back many of their artifacts, including bows, clothing and ceremonial robes.

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offered their assistance, providing the expedition with their knowledge of the wilderness and with the acquisition of food. The expedition had blank leather-bound journals and ink for the purpose of recording such encounters, as well as for scientific and geological information. They were also provided with various gifts of medals, ribbons, needles, mirrors, and other articles which were intended to ease any tensions when negotiating their passage with the various Native American chiefs whom they would encounter along their way.

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diplomatic affairs with another tribe. Consequently, both chiefs were offered a few gifts, but neither was satisfied and they wanted some gifts for their warriors and tribe. At that point, some of the warriors from the Partisan tribe took hold of their boat and one of the oars. Lewis took a firm stand, ordering a display of force and presenting arms; Captain Clark brandished his sword and threatened violent reprisal. Just before the situation erupted into a violent confrontation, Black Buffalo ordered his warriors to back off.

95: 542: 602: 1694: 915:. They did this not just for shelter and protection, but also to officially establish the American presence there, with the American flag flying over the fort. During the winter at Fort Clatsop, Lewis committed himself to writing. He filled many pages of his journals with valuable knowledge, mostly about botany, because of the abundant growth and forests that covered that part of the continent. The health of the men also became a problem, with many suffering from colds and influenza. 889: 753: 1680: 6235: 1666: 1332: 76: 1652: 564:, a repeating rifle with a 20-round tubular magazine that was powerful enough to kill a deer. The expedition was prepared with flintlock firearms, knives, blacksmithing supplies, and cartography equipment. They also carried flags, gift bundles, medicine, and other items that they would need for their journey. The route of Lewis and Clark's expedition took them up the 1382:. However, Biddle's narrative account omitted much of the material related to their discoveries in flora and fauna. Since Biddle's account was the only printed account of the original journals for the next 90 years, many of Lewis and Clark's discoveries were later unknowingly rediscovered and given new names. It wasn't until 1904–1905, through the publication of 512:, to accompany them. Newfoundlands are amicable, large working dogs and good swimmers, lovers of water and commonly found on fishing boats, as they can assist in water rescues. Seaman proved a valuable member of the party, aiding with hunting and protection from bears and other potential predators. He was the only animal to complete the entire trip. 1348:

knowledge of numerous tribes of Native Americans hitherto unknown; they informed themselves of the trade which may be carried on with them, the best channels and positions for it, and they are enabled to give with accuracy the geography of the line they pursued. Back east, the botanical and zoological discoveries drew the intense interest of the

904:. Lack of food was a major factor. The elk, the party's main source of food, had retreated from their usual haunts into the mountains, and the party was now too poor to purchase enough food from neighboring tribes. On November 24, 1805, the majority of the party voted to move their camp to the south side of the Columbia River near modern 4396:

Meriwether Lewis. In 8vo. illustrated with a Map of the Country inhabited by the Tribes of Western Indians. ("This is an interesting volume, and exhibits not only some valuable geographical notices, but very copious and amusing details respecting the manners, habits, and divisions of the India North America Tribes.")

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tribes would often take on a sister for a wife. Chastity among women was not held in high regard. Infant daughters were often sold by the father to men who were grown, usually for horses or mules. Women in Sioux nations were often bartered away for horses or other supplies; yet this was not practiced

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Lewis was determined to remain at the fort until April 1, but was still anxious to move out at the earliest opportunity. By March 22, the stormy weather had subsided and the following morning, on March 23, 1806, the journey home began. The Corps began their journey homeward using canoes to ascend the

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It was impossible to find a character who to a complete science in botany, natural history, mineralogy & astronomy, joined the firmness of constitution & character, prudence, habits adapted to the woods & a familiarity with the Indian manners and character, requisite for this undertaking.

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to fund an expedition through the Louisiana territory to the Pacific Ocean. He did not attempt to make a secret of the Lewis and Clark expedition from Spanish, French, and British officials, but rather claimed different reasons for the venture; he used a secret message to ask for funding, due to poor

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and named Army Captain Meriwether Lewis its leader, who then invited William Clark to co-lead the expedition with him. Lewis demonstrated remarkable skills and potential as a frontiersman, and Jefferson made efforts to prepare him for the long journey ahead as the expedition was gaining approval and

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The Corps met their objective of reaching the Pacific, mapping and establishing their presence for a legal claim to the land. They established diplomatic relations and trade with at least two dozen indigenous nations. They did not find a continuous waterway to the Pacific Ocean but located a Native

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Though she has been discussed in literature frequently, much of the information is exaggeration or fiction. Scholars say she did notice some geographical features, but "Sacagawea ... was not the guide for the Expedition, she was important to them as an interpreter and in other ways." The sight of a

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controlled a vast inland empire and expected gifts from strangers who wished to navigate their rivers or to pass through their lands. According to Harry W. Fritz, "All earlier Missouri River travelers had warned of this powerful and aggressive tribe, determined to block free trade on the river. ...

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by documenting an American presence there before European nations could claim the land. According to some historians, Jefferson understood that he would have a better claim of ownership to the Pacific Northwest if the team gathered scientific data on animals and plants. However, his main objectives

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Travels to the source of the Missouri river and across the American continent to the Pacific ocean. Performed by order of the government of the United States, in the years 1804, 1805, and 1806. By Captains Lewis and Clarke. Published from the official report, and illustrated by a map of the route,

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or "Teton-wan Sioux") had problems when they met, and there was a concern the two sides might clash. According to Harry W. Fritz, "All earlier Missouri River travelers had warned of this powerful and aggressive tribe, determined to block free trade on the river. ... The Sioux were also expecting a

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The object of your mission is to explore the Missouri River, & such principle stream of it, as, by its course and communication with the waters of the Pacific ocean, whether the Columbia, Oregon, Colorado or any other river may offer the most direct & practicable water communication across

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One of the primary customs that distinguished Native American cultures from those of the West was that it was customary for the men to take on two or more wives if they were able to provide for them and often took on a wife or wives who were members of the immediate family circle, e.g. men in the

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As the expedition encountered the various Native American tribes during the course of their journey, they observed and recorded information regarding their lifestyles, customs and the social codes they lived by, as directed by President Jefferson. By European standards, the Native American way of

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The captains were able to negotiate their passage without further incident with the aid of better gifts and a bottle of whiskey. During the next two days, the expedition made camp not far from Black Buffalo's tribe. Similar incidents occurred when they tried to leave, but trouble was averted with

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and the northwest in general. The expedition was to make native people understand that their lands now belonged to the United States and that "their great father" in Washington was now their sovereign. The expedition encountered many different native nations and tribes along the way, many of whom

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One of the expedition's primary objectives as directed by President Jefferson was to be a surveillance mission that would report back the whereabouts, military strength, lives, activities, and cultures of the various Native American tribes that inhabited the territory newly acquired by the United

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The expedition documented natural resources and plants that had been previously unknown to Euro-Americans, though not to the indigenous peoples. Lewis and Clark were the first Americans to cross the Continental Divide, and the first Americans to see Yellowstone, enter into Montana, and produce an

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by the same route about a century before. Jefferson had a copy of Le Page's book in his library detailing Moncacht-Apé's itinerary, and Lewis carried a copy with him during the expedition. Le Page's description of Moncacht-Apé's route across the continent neglects to mention the need to cross the

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Two months passed after the expedition's end before Jefferson made his first public statement to Congress and others, giving a one-sentence summary about the success of the expedition before getting into the justification for the expenses involved. In the course of their journey, they acquired a

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On February 11, 1805, a few weeks after her first contact with the expedition, Sacagawea went into labor which was slow and painful, so the Frenchman Charbonneau suggested she be given a potion of rattlesnake's rattle to aid in her delivery. Lewis happened to have some snake's rattle with him. A

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Captain Lewis made his first mistake by offering the Sioux chief gifts first, which insulted and angered the Partisan chief. Communication was difficult, since the expedition's only Sioux language interpreter was Pierre Dorion who had stayed behind with the other party and was also involved with

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An enslaved Black man known only as York took part in the expedition as personal servant to William Clark, his enslaver. York did much to help the expedition succeed. He proved popular with the Native Americans, who had never seen a Black man. He also helped with hunting and the heavy labor of

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Jefferson had the expedition declare "sovereignty" and demonstrate their military strength to ensure native tribes would be subordinate to the U.S., as European colonizers did elsewhere. After the expedition, the maps that were produced allowed the further discovery and settlement of this vast

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One of their horses disappeared, and they believed the Sioux were responsible. Afterward, the two sides met and there was a disagreement, and the Sioux asked the men to stay or to give more gifts (or tribute) instead, before being allowed to pass through their territory. Clark wrote they were

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By Order of the Government of the United States; containing Delineations of the Manners, Customs, Religion, &c. of the Indians; compiled from various authentic Sources and original Documents; and a summary of the Statistical View of the Indian Nations, from the official communication of

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Many of the tribes had friendly experiences with British and French fur traders in various isolated encounters along the Missouri and Columbia Rivers, and for the most part the expedition did not encounter hostilities. However, there was a tense confrontation on September 25, 1804, with the

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and Missouri Rivers on August 11. As the groups reunited, one of Clark's hunters, Pierre Cruzatte, mistook Lewis for an elk and fired, injuring Lewis in the thigh. Once together, the Corps was able to return home quickly via the Missouri River. They reached St. Louis on September 23, 1806.

765:"warlike" and were the "vilest miscreants of the savage race". They came close to blows several times, until the Lakota chief, Black Buffalo, persuaded Lewis to distribute more tobacco to the assembled warriors. Lewis complied and the expedition was allowed to continue upstream to the 1212:

life seemed harsh and unforgiving as witnessed by members of the expedition. After many encounters and camping in close proximity to the Native American nations for extended periods of time during the winter months, they soon learned first hand of their customs and social orders.

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The Lewis and Clark Expedition gained an understanding of the geography of the Northwest and produced the first accurate maps of the area. During the journey, Lewis and Clark drew about 140 maps. Stephen Ambrose says the expedition "filled in the main outlines" of the area.

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back to St. Louis with a sample of specimens, some never-before-seen east of the Mississippi. One chief asked Lewis and Clark to provide a boat for passage through their national territory. The Americans quickly continued westward (upriver), and camped for the winter in the

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They witnessed that many of the Native American nations were constantly at war with other tribes, especially the Sioux, who, while remaining generally friendly to the white fur traders, had proudly boasted of and justified the almost complete destruction of the once great

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had been there in early 1805. Miscommunication caused Clark to record the name as "Haley". Captain Hill returned in November 1805, and anchored about 10 miles (16 km) from Fort Clatsop. The Chinook told Hill about Lewis and Clark, but no direct contact was made.

527:. Their goals were to explore the vast territory acquired by the Louisiana Purchase and to establish trade and US sovereignty over the Native Americans along the Missouri River. Jefferson also wanted to establish a US claim of "discovery" to the Pacific Northwest and 303:'s goals was to find "the most direct and practicable water communication across this continent, for the purposes of commerce." He also placed special importance on declaring US sovereignty over the land occupied by the many different Native American tribes along the 899:

The expedition sighted the Pacific Ocean for the first time on November 7, 1805, arriving two weeks later. The expedition faced the beginning of its second bitter winter camped on the north side of the Columbia River, in a storm-wracked area Clark called

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The Lewis and Clark Expedition established relations with two dozen Native American nations, without whose help the group would have risked starvation during the harsh winters and/or become hopelessly lost in the vast ranges of the Rocky Mountains.

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For years, Thomas Jefferson read accounts about the adventures of various explorers on the western frontier, and, consequently, maintained a long-held interest in further exploring this mostly-unknown region of the continent. In the 1780s, while

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where Lewis joined them six days later. The expedition set out the next afternoon, May 21. While accounts vary, it is believed the Corps had as many as 45 members, including the officers, enlisted military personnel, civilian volunteers, and

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that the Americans were encroaching on territory claimed by Spain. After the Lewis and Clark expedition set off in May, the Spanish sent four armed expeditions of 52 soldiers, mercenaries , and Native Americans on August 1, 1804, from

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After the expedition had set-up camp, nearby tribal members came to visit in fair numbers, some staying all night. For several days, Lewis and Clark met in council with Mandan chiefs. Here they met a French-Canadian fur trapper named

271:—and to establish an American presence in the new lands before European powers attempted to establish claims of their own. The campaign's secondary objectives were scientific, economical and humanitarian, i.e., to document the West's 5328: 1409:, showcased them as American pioneers. However, the story remained relatively shallow until mid-century as a celebration of US conquest and personal adventures, but more recently the expedition has been more thoroughly researched. 1078:

official description of these different regions. Their visit to the Pacific Northwest, maps, and proclamations of sovereignty with medals and flags were legal steps needed to claim title to each indigenous nation's lands under the

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Since the expedition, Lewis and Clark have been commemorated and honored over the years on various coins, currency, and commemorative postage stamps, as well as in a number of other capacities. In 2004, the American elm cultivar

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In his writings, Meriwether Lewis presented a somewhat negative view of her, though Clark had a higher regard for her, and provided some support for her children in subsequent years. In the journals, they used the terms "squar"

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woman and her infant son would have been reassuring to some indigenous nations, and she played an important role in diplomatic relations by talking to chiefs, easing tensions, and giving the impression of a peaceful mission.

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tribe, to the south. A recent Sioux raid had killed 75 Omaha men, burned 40 lodges, and taken four dozen prisoners." The expedition held talks with the Lakota near the confluence of the Missouri and Bad Rivers in what is now

1360:" he had grown as being an "excellent" food source. The expedition helped establish the U.S. presence in the newly acquired territory and beyond and opened the door to further exploration, trade and scientific discoveries. 1599:

traveled down the Mississippi from the Great Lakes to the Gulf. The French then established a chain of posts along the Mississippi from New Orleans to the Great Lakes. There followed a number of French explorers including

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Map of Lewis and Clark's expedition: It changed mapping of northwest America by providing the first accurate depiction of the relationship of the sources of the Columbia and Missouri Rivers, and the Rocky Mountains around

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of 1803, to explore and detail as much of the new territory as possible. Furthermore, he wished to find a practical travel route across the western half of the continent—directly avoiding the hot and desolate desert

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in central Nebraska and learned that the expedition had been there many days before. The expedition was covering 70 to 80 miles (110 to 130 km) a day and Vial's attempt to intercept them was unsuccessful.

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When the expedition reached Marias River, on June 16, 1805, Sacagawea became dangerously ill. She was able to find some relief by drinking mineral water from the sulphur spring that fed into the river.

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Fenelon, James; Defender-Wilson, Mary Louise (1985). "Voyage of Domination, 'Purchase' as Conquest, Sakakawea for Savagery: Distorted Icons from Misrepresentations of the Lewis and Clark Expedition".

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In 2004, a complete and reliable set of the expedition's journals was compiled by Gary E. Moulton. Circa 2004, the bicentennial of the expedition further elevated popular interest in Lewis and Clark.

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from the Upper Missouri to visit the "Great Father" in Washington. After Chief Shehaka's visit, it required multiple attempts and multiple military expeditions to safely return Shehaka to his nation.

3543: 1608:, among others. Vial may have preceded Lewis and Clark to Montana. In 1787, he gave a map of the upper Missouri River and locations of "territories transited by Pedro Vial" to Spanish authorities. 493:, Jefferson possessed an enormous library on the subject of North American geography, to which Lewis had full access. He spent time consulting maps and books, as well as conferring with Jefferson. 560:. The soldiers were to distribute them to the tribes that they met. The expedition also prepared advanced weapons to display their military firepower. Among these was an Austrian-made .46 caliber 4818:"History of the Expedition Under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark: To the Sources of the Missouri, thence Across the Rocky Mountains and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean" 813:, which outlined the names of various tribes, their locations, trading practices and water routes used, among other points. President Jefferson would later present this report to Congress. 974:

Before leaving, Clark gave the Chinook a letter to give to the next ship captain to visit, which was the same Captain Hill who had been nearby during the winter. Hill took the letter to

696:. His burial site was marked with a cedar post on which was inscribed his name and day of death. 1 mile (2 km) up the river, the expedition camped at a small river which they named 61: 504:, in the summer of 1803, to Lewis's specifications, and was completed on August 31. The vessel was immediately loaded with equipment and provisions. While in Pittsburgh, Lewis bought a 489:, and the search for possible living remnants. Lewis, however, was not ignorant of science, having demonstrated a marked capacity to learn, especially with Jefferson as his teacher. At 1516: 1352:

who requested specimens, various artifacts traded with the Native Americans, and reports on plants and wildlife along with various seeds obtained. Jefferson used seeds from "Missouri

1500: 5031: 5890: 1015:'s territory. In the night, half of Clark's horses disappeared, but not a single Crow had been seen. Lewis and Clark stayed separated until they reached the confluence of the 5895: 5743: 805:. Charbonneau, at this time, began to serve as the expedition's translator. Peace was established between the expedition and the Mandan chiefs with the sharing of a Mandan 352:(London, 1763), all of which greatly influenced his decision to send an expedition. Like Captain Cook, he wished to discover a practical route through the Northwest to the 548:(Camp Wood) reconstruction, where the Corps of Discovery mustered on the east side of the Mississippi River, through the winter of 1803–1804, to await the transfer of the 1059: 3573: 4393:

The Travels of Captains Lewis and Clarke, from St. Louis, by way of the Missouri and Columbia Rivers, to the Paciﬁc Ocean; performed in the Years 1804, 1805, and 1806.

809:. By April 25, Captain Lewis wrote his progress report of the expedition's activities and observations of the Native American nations they had encountered to-date in 684:. He had been among the first to sign up with the Corps of Discovery and was the only member to die during the expedition. He was buried at a bluff by the river, now 581:, and it might be the source of Lewis and Clark's mistaken belief that they could easily carry boats from the Missouri's headwaters to the westward-flowing Columbia. 5009: 3316: 938:

arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River while Lewis and Clark were still there. Neither Rezanov nor Lewis and Clark knew about each other. Rezanov had come from

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On the south side of the Columbia River, 2 miles (3 km) upstream on the west side of the Netul River (now Lewis and Clark River), they constructed

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in 1876, and the expedition was largely forgotten. Lewis and Clark began to gain attention around the start of the 20th century. Both the 1904

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in Idaho, along the north bank of the Clearwater River, where the members of the expedition collected 65 horses in preparation to cross the

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had learned of Gray's discovery and used his maps. Vancouver's expedition explored over 100 miles (160 km) up the Columbia, into the

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Upon the return from their expedition, Lewis and Clark struggled to prepare their manuscripts for publication. Clark managed to persuade

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corn" along with a number of other unidentified seeds to plant at Monticello which he cultivated and studied. He later reported on the "

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in Congress. Congress subsequently appropriated $ 2,324 for supplies and food, the appropriation of which was left in Lewis's charge.

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nation. During the night, the Blackfeet tried to steal their weapons. In the struggle, the soldiers killed two Blackfeet men. Lewis,

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The US mint prepared special silver medals with a portrait of Jefferson and inscribed with a message of friendship and peace, called

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A Navigation Companion for the Lewis & Clark Trail. Vol. 1, History, camp locations and daily summaries of expedition activities

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Historical Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Maps of Exploration and Discovery: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Yukon

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were centered around finding an all-water route to the Pacific coast and commerce. His instructions to the expedition stated:

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Gray, Edward (2004). "Visions of Another Empire: John Ledyard, an American Traveler across the Russian Empire, 1787–1788".

1633:. Lewis and Clark used the maps produced by these expeditions when they descended the lower Columbia to the Pacific coast. 1045:

and José Jarvet to intercept Lewis and Clark and imprison the entire expedition. They reached the Pawnee settlement on the

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As of 1984, no US exploration party was more famous, and no American expedition leaders are more recognizable by name.

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1788 – December 20, 1812), was a Shoshone Native American woman who arrived with her husband and owner

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tribe, to the south. A recent Sioux raid had killed 75 Omaha men, burned 40 lodges, and taken four dozen prisoners."

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in 1789. Mackenzie and his party were the first non-indigenous people to cross mainland North America, north of

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During the 19th century, references to Lewis and Clark "scarcely appeared" in history books, even during the

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On July 3, before crossing the Continental Divide, the Corps split into two teams so Lewis could explore the

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Full text of the Lewis and Clark journals online – edited by Gary E. Moulton, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

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pm on May 14, 1804. Under Clark's command, they traveled up the Missouri River in their keelboat and two

478: 4848: 4798:"National Archives photos dating from the 1860s–1890s of the Native cultures the expedition encountered" 4773:

The Trail of Lewis and Clark, 1804–1904: A Story of the Great Exploration Across the Continent in 1804–6

1029: 872:'s 1792 notes and maps to orient themselves once they reached the lower Columbia River. The sighting of 191:, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the 5753: 5194: 2053: 1715: 1572: 341: 268: 4842: 4836: 2679: 6238: 6126: 6078: 6048: 5853: 5768: 5728: 5387: 5300: 5037: 4973: 4862: 3538: 1612: 1469: 1280: 946:), intending to establish a Russian agricultural colony to help with the perennial food shortages in 927: 746: 572:

via the Columbia River, and it may have been influenced by the purported transcontinental journey of

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Native America, Discovered And Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, And Manifest Destiny

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Research Foundation in commemoration of the expedition's bicentenary; the tree has a resistance to

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and had it forwarded to Thomas Jefferson, who thus received it before Lewis and Clark returned.

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Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary

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short time after administering the potion, she delivered a healthy boy who was given the name

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edited a two-volume history of the Lewis and Clark expedition that was published in 1814, in

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Jefferson's America: The President, the Purchase, and the Explorers Who Transformed a Nation

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Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States

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Undaunted Courage, Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West

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Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West

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Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West

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to report their findings to President Jefferson via maps, sketches, and various journals.

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After Wilkinson died in 1825, it was discovered that he was a spy for the Spanish crown.

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Into the unknown: leadership lessons from Lewis & Clark's daring westward adventure

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sometimes visited the lower Columbia River, Lewis and Clark repeatedly asked the local

919: 829: 633: 605: 557: 549: 440: 263: 196: 192: 157: 136: 4736: 6114: 5973: 5748: 5201: 5150: 5021: 4832:

Corps of Discovery Online Atlas, created by Watzek Library, Lewis & Clark College

4742: 4721: 4700: 4681: 4660: 4639: 4606: 4578: 4571: 4542: 4467: 4378: 4350: 4339: 4313: 4292: 4271: 4250: 4229: 4208: 4187: 4166: 4145: 4117: 4096: 4075: 4051: 4027: 3985: 3961: 3954: 3938: 3927: 3911: 3896: 3853: 3832: 3808: 3780: 3759: 3735: 3714: 3703: 3445: 3188: 2785: 2760: 2609: 2163: 2138: 1617: 1455: 1016: 1005: 923: 524: 329: 4771: 4181: 1427:, as the start of the Lewis and Clark voyage of discovery and in 2019 it recognized 1255: 6186: 6102: 6042: 6021: 5863: 5652: 5606: 4885: 4759:

Why Sacagawea Deserves the Day Off and Other Lessons from the Lewis and Clark Trail

4526:. University of Illinois Press (Original from the University of Virginia). p. 3876: 2080:"Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Smith Barton, 27 February 1803" 1708: 1657: 1625:, named it after his ship and claimed it for the United States. Later in 1792, the 1406: 865: 861: 841: 685: 658: 528: 505: 433: 377: 345: 300: 259: 208: 173: 147: 81: 31: 4845:. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 4839:. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 4409: 3444:. The Oxford History of the United States. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 1423:

In the 1970s, the federal government memorialized the winter assembly encampment,

6132: 6066: 6060: 5733: 5512: 5500: 5211: 5167: 4715: 4675: 4654: 4536: 4482: 4450: 4372: 4361: 4307: 4286: 4265: 4244: 4223: 4202: 4160: 4139: 4135: 4111: 4090: 4069: 4045: 4021: 3979: 3905: 3847: 3826: 3802: 3774: 3753: 3729: 3183: 2757:

Devil on the deep blue sea: The notorious career of Captain Samuel Hill of Boston

2672:"Lewis and Clark, Journey Leg 13, 'Ocian in View!', October 8 – December 7, 1805" 1746: 1736: 1375: 1308: 1145: 1033: 982: 947: 935: 905: 806: 673: 654: 578: 541: 462: 365: 94: 4851:

Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

3690:

History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol III

573: 416:, a wide assortment of Native American presents, medical and surgical supplies, 6174: 5936: 5843: 5718: 5595: 5439: 5365: 5360: 3822: 3679:

History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol II

3435: 1772: 1685: 1622: 1507: 821: 713: 613: 609: 565: 413: 393: 304: 240: 228: 4360:

Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Floyd, Charles; Whitehouse, Joseph (1905).

4071:

Thomas Jefferson & the Stony Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello

3668:

History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol I

2357: 811:

A Statistical view of the Indian nations inhabiting the Territory of Louisiana

477:, Lewis learned how to describe and preserve plant and animal specimens; from 6254: 6214: 6072: 5657: 5622: 5612: 5419: 5335: 4507:——; Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Jefferson, Thomas (1893). 4492:——; Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Jefferson, Thomas (1893). 4481:——; Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Jefferson, Thomas (1893). 4460:

Coues, Elliott; Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Jefferson, Thomas (1893).

1368: 1234: 1187: 1179: 943: 877: 732: 601: 569: 454: 453:

In 1803, Jefferson sent Lewis to Philadelphia to study medicinal cures under

405: 401: 385: 244: 212: 85: 52: 35: 4522:

Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: with related documents, 1783–1854

888: 5370: 3975: 3749: 1538: 1477: 1432: 1192: 1141: 1133: 1046: 997: 990: 955: 912: 901: 892: 857: 752: 741: 701: 700:. During the final week of August, Lewis and Clark reached the edge of the 681: 668:

From St. Charles, the expedition followed the Missouri through what is now

509: 417: 397: 396:, convincing him of the importance of securing the territory posthaste. In 380:

in 1793–twelve years earlier than Lewis and Clark. Mackenzie's accounts in

369: 321: 272: 248: 3880: 2782:

Glorious Misadventures: Nikolai Rezanov and the Dream of a Russian America

6192: 6168: 5941: 5642: 5451: 4791: 4603:

In Search of York: The Slave Who Went to the Pacific With Lewis and Clark

4131: 1424: 1357: 1118: 1110: 1098: 853: 773: 757: 697: 637: 545: 216: 30:"Lewis and Clark" redirects here. For the leaders of the expedition, see 4621: 4484:

History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Volume 2

4452:

History of the Expedition of Captain Lewis and Clark, 1804–5–6, Volume 1

3534:"Pittsburgh recognized as starting point for Lewis and Clark expedition" 3349: 1380:

History of the Expedition Under the Commands of Captains Lewis and Clark

6225: 6207: 5924: 5508:

Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society

5407: 4012: 3888: 1601: 1428: 1363:

Lewis and Clark returned from their expedition, bringing with them the

1217: 1114: 1042: 1012: 873: 833: 689: 516: 490: 466: 333: 276: 236: 4817: 4510:

History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Vol. 4

4495:

History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Vol. 3

4463:

History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Vol. 1

4363:

Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804–1806, Vol. 6

3981:

The Journals of Patrick Gass: Member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition

1679: 5376: 4631: 3956:

Acts of discovery: visions of America in the Lewis and Clark journals

1343:, who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their return from the expedition 1260: 1250: 1238: 1106: 1102: 1090: 975: 802: 717: 288: 283:

and to establish positive trade relations with (potentially unknown)

280: 200: 4827:

Lewis & Clark Fort Mandan Foundation: Discover Lewis & Clark

4023:

Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West

1745:, American history professor and librarian who edited and published 1299:) and "savages" to refer to Sacagawea and other indigenous peoples. 880:

confirmed that the expedition had almost reached the Pacific Ocean.

360:

had already charted a route in his quest for the Pacific, following

5965: 5434: 5060:

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage

4854: 4849:

Louis Starr Collection Concerning the Field Notes of William Clark.

1226: 798: 781: 645: 223:, on May 14, 1804, met Lewis and ten other members of the group in 220: 204: 4535:

Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William (2004). Moulton, Gary E. (ed.).

4246:

The Louisiana Purchase: a historical and geographical encyclopedia

1028:

In March 1804, before the expedition began in May, the Spanish in

780:. Just before departing on April 7, 1805, the expedition sent the 75: 1340: 1263:, a Shoshone woman who accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1122: 908:. Both Sacagawea and the enslaved York participated in the vote. 766: 470: 421: 409: 353: 4398:

Modern Publications, and New Editions of Valuable Standard Works

4113:

The Way to the Western Sea: Lewis and Clark Across the Continent

1331: 4809:

Travel the Lewis and Clark Expedition, a National Park Service

4371:

Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William (2003). Bergon, Frank (ed.).

1378:

to edit the journals, which were then published in 1814 as the

1364: 1353: 1336: 1221: 1094: 786: 721: 515:

Lewis and his crew set-sail that afternoon, traveling down the

486: 373: 361: 252: 3875:(1). University of Minnesota Press: Wíčazo Ša Review, 85–104. 5896:

Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

5744:

Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression

4831: 3441:

Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789–1815

1296: 1175: 736: 325: 848:. They descended on foot, then proceeded in canoes down the 4826: 3731:

The United States Army: Issues, Background and Bibliography

2601: 1060:

List of species described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition

895:

reconstruction on the Columbia River near the Pacific Ocean

828:

They followed the Missouri to its headwaters, and over the

709: 693: 27:

1804–1806 American overland expedition to the Pacific coast

1191:

The Sioux were also expecting a retaliatory raid from the

108:

May 14, 1804 – September 23, 1806

5010:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

3807:. Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation. p. 47. 705: 4738:

National Geographic Guide to the Lewis & Clark Trail

4636:

Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery

3804:

Contributions of Philadelphia to Lewis and Clark History

3566:"Ulmus americana 'Lewis & Clark' Prairie Expedition" 2135:

Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery

255:, ending six months later on September 23 of that year. 2559: 2460:"Bad River Encounter Site (U.S. National Park Service)" 1723:– the only non-motorized pass on the expedition's route 481:, refinements in computing latitude and longitude, and 461:. He also arranged for Lewis to be further educated by 247:

in 1805. The return voyage began on March 23, 1806, at

4204:

Explorations Into the World of Lewis and Clark, Vol. 3

3165:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019), pp. 130–136 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3076:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019), pp. 129–131 2699: 2697: 2499: 2497: 2162:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 81, 87–91. 1640:

had crossed North America from Quebec to the Pacific.

500:

used for the first year of the journey was built near

2358:"May 14, 1804 | Discovering Lewis & Clark ®" 1267:

Sacagawea, sometimes spelled Sakajawea or Sakagawea (

4249:. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California. p. 513. 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 2852: 2380: 1647: 1089:(APS). Lewis and Clark received some instruction in 5102:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

3117: 2694: 2494: 1384:

Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition

1159: 1144:, but without mention of the actual author, banker 4570: 4519: 3953: 3926: 3702: 3632:"Sir Alexander Mackenzie | Scottish explorer" 3352:. U.S. National Park Service. September 11, 2018. 3163:Lakota America, a New History of Indigenous Power, 3074:Lakota America, a New History of Indigenous Power, 2595: 444:funding. Jefferson explained his choice of Lewis: 388:'s intent to establish control over the lucrative 4694: 4568: 4415:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown. 3136: 3098: 2759:. Bullbrier Press. pp. 7, 46–49, 56, 63–64. 2137:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. pp. 9–10. 971:Columbia River, and later by trekking over land. 6252: 4423:Travels to the Source of the Missouri River ... 4007:(3). University of Pennsylvania Press: 347–380. 1468:Campsite Lewis and Clark in Camp Sandy Beach at 4997:A Summary View of the Rights of British America 4699:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 3910:. University of California Press. p. 290. 3779:. University of California Press. p. 184. 3480: 3478: 2784:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 254–257. 1229:nation, who held their women in higher regard. 926:about trading ships. They learned that Captain 427:Two years into his presidency, Jefferson asked 262:commissioned the expedition, shortly after the 4563:Bibliography of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 4455:. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co. p. 500. 4309:Encyclopedia of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 4291:. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. p. 245. 4225:The Pacific Northwest: an interpretive history 3525: 3044:"Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition" 2605:Encyclopedia of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1000:. Lewis's group of four met some men from the 934:A Russian maritime expedition under statesman 449:All the latter qualifications Capt. Lewis has. 328:, where they discussed a possible trip to the 4870: 4541:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 357. 4466:. New York: Francis P. Harper. p. 1364. 4366:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. p. 280. 4270:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 310. 4228:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 568. 4116:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 444. 4095:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 509. 2750: 2748: 2289: 2287: 1506:Lewis and Clark were honored (along with the 760:, Lewis and Clark Memorial Park, North Dakota 473:, among other navigational instruments. From 5556:Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence 4538:The Definitive Journals of Lewis & Clark 4513:. New York: Francis P. Harper. p. 1298. 4487:. New York: Francis P. Harper. p. 1364. 4020:Harris, Matthew L.; Buckley, Jay H. (2012). 3475: 3310: 3308: 2948: 2304: 2302: 1862: 1860: 1771:'Chopunnish' was the Captain's term for the 1237:nation, along with the Missouris, Illinois, 1182:, one of the three tribes that comprise the 215:. Clark, along with 30 others, set out from 4837:Lewis and Clark Expedition Maps and Receipt 4506: 4491: 4480: 4459: 4165:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 240. 3951: 3776:Sacagawea of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 3203: 2132: 537:this continent for the purpose of commerce. 5648:Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia) 5045:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 4877: 4863: 4697:Three Years Among the Indians and Mexicans 4623:The Journals of Lewis and Clark, 1804–1806 4408:Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William (1815). 4407: 4334:Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William (2004). 4050:. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 196. 3984:. Mountain Press Publishing. p. 447. 3852:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 647. 3693:. Toronto: George N. Morang & Co. Ltd. 3671:. Toronto: George N. Morang & Co. Ltd. 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 2745: 2314: 2284: 1753:Timeline of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1571:in Sioux City, Iowa is the first of 2,600 868:and Columbia rivers. Lewis and Clark used 772:In the winter of 1804–05, the party built 591:Timeline of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 74: 6341:Military expeditions of the United States 6316:History of the Northwestern United States 5874:Louisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollar 5834:Washington and Jefferson National Forests 5759:Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service 3682:. Toronto:George N. Morang & Co. Ltd. 3465: 3463: 3461: 3428: 3305: 2299: 1857: 1510:) on the Series of 1901 $ 10 Legal Tender 1465:in North Dakota is named after the pair. 5501:The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth 4776:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 4441: 4359: 4306:Woodger, Elin; Toropov, Brandon (2009). 3795:Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists. 3773:Clark, Ella E.; Edmonds, Margot (1983). 3709:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3251: 3227: 3215: 2816: 2779: 2608:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 244–45. 2422: 2206: 1556:Lewis and Clark Mosaic image in Missouri 1330: 1275:on the expedition to the Pacific Ocean. 1254: 1063: 1053: 887: 815: 751: 600: 540: 207:volunteers under the command of Captain 5794:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society 4734: 4720:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. 4695:Gen. Thomas James (February 11, 2018). 4652: 4591: 4498:. Francis P. Harper, New York. p. 3079: 2157: 1749:'s account of Lewis and Clark's journal 1597:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle 1522:Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in 1023: 457:, a physician and former leader in the 211:and his close friend Second Lieutenant 99:Route of expedition with modern borders 14: 6253: 4713: 4619: 4179: 3933:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 3748: 3531: 3458: 3187:". Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 14. 3112:Allen, Lewis & Clark, Vol. 1, 1916 2858: 2754: 2652:from the original on February 22, 2015 2636: 2634: 2632: 2602:Elin Woodger; Brandon Toropov (2009). 2590:Allen, Lewis & Clark, Vol. 1, 1916 2565: 2399:Allen, Lewis & Clark, Vol. 1, 1916 2386: 1463:Lewis and Clark Public School District 1129:territory in the years that followed. 6331:History of United States expansionism 5754:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial 5591:Jefferson and the Library of Congress 5566:Founding Fathers of the United States 5126:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves 4858: 4755: 4630: 4600: 4338:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 312. 4207:. Digital Scanning Inc. p. 528. 3904:Fresonke, Kris; Spence, Mark (2004). 3546:from the original on January 28, 2024 3335: 3314: 2840:from the original on October 15, 2018 2830:"Meriwether Lewis is shot in the leg" 2533: 2060:from the original on December 8, 2015 1611:Early in 1792, the American explorer 1403:Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition 618:Lewis and Clark on the Lower Columbia 340:(London, 1784), an account of Cook's 6027:Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings 4884: 4333: 4312:. Infobase Publishing. p. 438. 4141:Pedro Vial and the Roads to Santa Fe 3831:. Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 504. 3576:from the original on August 15, 2021 3434: 3216:Lewis, Clark Floyd, Whitehouse, 1905 1580: 1418: 1085:The expedition was sponsored by the 439:In 1803, Jefferson commissioned the 4974:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention 4912:Vice President of the United States 4620:Clark, William; Lewis, Meriwether. 4267:Lewis & Clark among the Indians 4047:Lewis and Clark Through Indian Eyes 3356:from the original on August 5, 2023 3252:Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893 3228:Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893 3204:Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893 2954: 2817:Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893 2629: 2546:Lewis-Clark: Native American Tribes 2470:from the original on August 3, 2020 2423:Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893 2368:from the original on March 20, 2020 2320: 2133:Duncan, Dayton; Burns, Ken (1997). 2090:from the original on April 12, 2019 2040: 1815: 1739:were also commissioned by Jefferson 469:who instructed him in the use of a 287:tribes. The expedition returned to 24: 6296:History of Lancaster, Pennsylvania 5354:A Manual of Parliamentary Practice 4717:Lewis and Clark: Across the Divide 4556: 4327: 3642:from the original on June 15, 2020 2151: 2126: 1712:, a 1955 film about the expedition 1317: 1150:Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library 735:nation (whom the Americans called 568:to its headwaters, then on to the 332:. Jefferson had also read Captain 233:Continental Divide of the Americas 25: 6372: 5348:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 4785: 4756:Tubbs, Stephenie Ambrose (2008). 4577:. Simon and Schuster Paperbacks. 4374:The Journals of Lewis & Clark 4159:Miller, Robert J. Miller (2006). 3438:(2011). Kennedy, David M. (ed.). 3323:from the original on May 20, 2020 3054:from the original on May 30, 2023 2539: 1621:, discovered the yet to be named 1011:Meanwhile, Clark had entered the 6321:History of the Pacific Northwest 6234: 6233: 5879:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins 4923:United States Secretary of State 4680:. Sasquatch Books. p. 208. 4605:. University Press of Colorado. 4517: 4144:. University of Oklahoma Press. 4110:Lavender, David Sievert (2001). 4074:. University of Oklahoma Press. 4040: 4026:. University of Oklahoma Press. 3978:; MacGregor, Carol Lynn (1807). 3960:. University of Illinois Press. 3734:. Nova Publishers. p. 229. 3624: 3612: 3600: 3588: 3558: 3513: 3501: 3490: 3416: 3404: 3392: 3380: 3368: 3293: 3281: 3269: 3257: 3092: 1983: 1692: 1678: 1664: 1650: 1587:Timeline of European exploration 1561: 1549: 1530: 1515: 1499: 1485: 1435:as the start of the expedition. 1160:Encounters with Native Americans 883: 824:at Ross Hole, September 4, 1805. 376:, reaching the Pacific coast of 93: 43:Lewis and Clark (disambiguation) 6301:History of Louisville, Kentucky 5884:250th Anniversary silver dollar 5284:Founder, University of Virginia 4762:. University of Nebraska Press. 4336:The Journals Of Lewis And Clark 3845: 3828:The Journals of Lewis and Clark 3801:Cutright, Paul Russell (2000). 3755:The Journals of Lewis and Clark 3658: 3315:Parks, Shoshi (March 8, 2018). 3245: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3168: 3155: 3066: 3036: 3024: 3008: 2996: 2984: 2972: 2960: 2942: 2936: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2836:. A&E Television Networks. 2822: 2810: 2798: 2773: 2733: 2721: 2709: 2664: 2583: 2571: 2521: 2509: 2482: 2452: 2440: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2392: 2350: 2338: 2326: 2272: 2260: 2248: 2236: 2224: 2212: 2200: 2188: 2176: 2114: 2102: 2072: 2046: 2034: 2025: 2013: 2001: 1989: 1977: 1965: 1956: 1944: 1932: 1920: 1786: 1777: 1765: 1206: 676:. On August 20, 1804, Sergeant 589:For a chronological guide, see 310: 160:, i.e. Lewis, Clark, and 40 men 6356:Presidency of Thomas Jefferson 6326:History of the Rocky Mountains 5824:Thomas Jefferson School of Law 5630:Separation of church and state 5539:American Philosophical Society 5476:Notes on the State of Virginia 5469:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson 4901:President of the United States 4242: 4221: 4092:The Encyclopedia of Louisville 4064: 3929:The Lewis and Clark Expedition 3797:University of Nebraska Press. 3793:Cutright, Paul Russel (1969). 3758:. New York: Penguin Classics. 3532:Bauder, Bob (March 10, 2019). 3177:The Lewis and Clark Expedition 3048:University of Nebraska Lincoln 2182: 2019: 1971: 1950: 1908: 1896: 1884: 1872: 1845: 1833: 1821: 1809: 1721:Lewis and Clark Pass (Montana) 1606:Pierre Antoine and Paul Mallet 1524:Cape Disappointment State Park 1350:American Philosophical Society 1087:American Philosophical Society 965: 432:relations with the opposition 294: 13: 1: 5784:University of Virginia statue 5618:Jefferson–Hemings controversy 5256:Federal judicial appointments 4943:Congress of the Confederation 4518:Jackson, Donald Dean (1962). 4109: 4001:Journal of the Early Republic 3903: 3800: 3484: 2990: 2527: 2332: 1866: 1802: 1537:Lewis and Clark statue (with 1494:150th anniversary issue, 1954 1452:North Dakota State University 1399:Louisiana Purchase Exposition 1268: 1041:, New Mexico northward under 625: 384:(1801) informed Jefferson of 338:A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean 231:. The expedition crossed the 189:Corps of Discovery Expedition 6306:History of Missoula, Montana 6291:Exploration of North America 5489:European journey memorandums 5229:State of the Union Addresses 5158:Dunbar and Hunter Expedition 4820:published in 1814; from the 4811:Discover Our Shared Heritage 4766: 4534: 4305: 4284: 4200: 4044:; Marc, Jaffe, eds. (2006). 3952:Furtwangler, Albert (1993). 3866: 3727: 3697: 3618: 3606: 3519: 3507: 3496: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3386: 3149: 3130: 3030: 2978: 2930: 2918: 2894: 2882: 2870: 2804: 2739: 2703: 2503: 2410: 2344: 2293: 2278: 2266: 2194: 2120: 2054:"Lewis and Clark Expedition" 1995: 1914: 1851: 1827: 1591:Exploration of North America 1480:also honors both explorers. 1326: 1244: 856:, and Columbia rivers, past 820:Lewis and Clark meeting the 680:died, apparently from acute 596: 7: 6097:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph 5829:Thomas Jefferson University 5799:Thomas Jefferson Foundation 5306:Democratic-Republican Party 5224:West Point Military Academy 5016:Declaration of Independence 4966:Second Continental Congress 4370: 4201:Saindon, Robert A. (2003). 4158: 4130: 4088: 4019: 3821: 3728:Bennett, George D. (2002). 3686: 3675: 3664: 3594: 3485:Fresonke & Spence, 2004 3150:Woodger & Toropov, 2009 3111: 2991:Fresonke & Spence, 2004 2931:Woodger & Toropov, 2009 2727: 2676:National Geographic Society 2589: 2542:"Lakota Sioux Difficulties" 2411:Woodger & Toropov, 2009 2398: 2308: 2254: 2218: 2207:Homser, James Kendall, 1903 2041:Woodger & Toropov, 2009 2007: 1938: 1839: 1733:Red River Expedition (1806) 1643: 1573:National Historic Landmarks 864:, at the confluence of the 519:to meet up with Clark near 239:, eventually coming to the 10: 6377: 6351:North American expeditions 6266:1800s in the United States 6261:Lewis and Clark Expedition 5136:Lewis and Clark Expedition 4673: 4653:Fenster, Julie M. (2016). 4569:Steven E. Ambrose (1996). 4560: 4391:Lewis, Meriwether (1811). 4263: 4243:Rodriguez, Junius (2002). 4222:Schwantes, Carlos (1996). 4180:Peters, Arthur K. (1996). 3924: 3772: 3469: 3374: 3299: 3287: 3275: 3263: 3239: 3015:Gass & MacGregor, 1807 3002: 2966: 2906: 2715: 2577: 2515: 2488: 2446: 2434: 2242: 2230: 2109:Gass & MacGregor, 1807 1902: 1890: 1878: 1852:Fenelon & Wilson, 2006 1727:Lewis and Clark's Keelboat 1716:Gateway Arch National Park 1584: 1492:Lewis and Clark Expedition 1401:in St. Louis and the 1905 1306: 1248: 1057: 954:, was unable to cross the 740:retaliatory raid from the 588: 584: 523:, in October 1803, at the 185:Lewis and Clark Expedition 69:Lewis and Clark Expedition 40: 29: 6281:1806 in the United States 6276:1805 in the United States 6271:1804 in the United States 6202: 6127:Frederick Madison Roberts 6049:Martha Jefferson Randolph 6035: 5969:(1997 documentary series) 5904: 5729:Thomas Jefferson Building 5697: 5666: 5521: 5460: 5386: 5301:Anti-Administration party 5264: 5111: 5091: 5038:All men are created equal 4984: 4892: 4843:William Clark Field Notes 4601:Betts, Robert B. (2002). 4592:Bassman, John H. (2009). 3998: 3974: 3823:DeVoto, Bernard Augustine 3595:Loomis & Nasatir 1967 3539:Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 3288:Clark & Edmonds, 1983 3264:Clark & Edmonds, 1983 3240:Clark & Edmonds, 1983 3182:January 28, 2024, at the 3014: 2716:Clark & Edmonds, 1983 2578:Clark & Edmonds, 1983 2158:Ambrose, Stephen (1996). 2108: 1926: 1470:Yawgoog Scout Reservation 1281:Jean Baptiste Charbonneau 1178:tribe (also known as the 747:Fort Pierre, South Dakota 704:, a place abounding with 164: 153: 142: 131: 123: 104: 92: 73: 6022:Wine bottles controversy 5814:Jefferson City, Missouri 5279:Franco-American alliance 4735:Schmidt, Thomas (2002). 4714:Gilman, Carolyn (2003). 4435:: 317–368. January 1815. 4377:. Penguin. p. 560. 4264:Ronda, James P. (1984). 3925:Fritz, Harry W. (2004). 3597:pp. 382–386, map: p. 290 3319:. Smithsonian Magazine. 3174:Harry W. Fritz (2004). " 2780:Matthews, Owens (2013). 1758: 1395:United States Centennial 870:William Robert Broughton 502:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 350:The History of Louisiana 6195:(2nd great-grandfather) 6139:Jane Randolph Jefferson 6091:Ellen Randolph Coolidge 5673:Presidential elections 5576:Jefferson and education 5561:Committee of the States 5052:Consent of the governed 4931:U.S. Minister to France 4741:. National Geographic. 4445:; Clark, Clark (1903). 3846:—— (1998). 3687:—— (1902). 3676:—— (1902). 3636:Encyclopedia Britannica 1569:Sergeant Floyd Monument 1302: 981:They made their way to 412:, 30 gallons of strong 408:, 130 rolls of pigtail 49: 6361:Scientific expeditions 5977:(2002 animated series) 5809:Monticello Association 5534:American Enlightenment 5495:Indian removal letters 5452:White House Colonnades 5447:Virginia State Capitol 5425:University of Virginia 5311:Jeffersonian democracy 5207:Native American policy 5077:Land Ordinance of 1785 5072:Land Ordinance of 1784 4404:, February 1811, p. 2. 4285:Uldrich, Jack (2004). 3619:Woodger, Toropov, 2009 2955:Woodger, Toropov, 2012 2678:. 1996. Archived from 2321:Woodger, Toropov, 2009 1816:Woodger, Toropov, 2009 1344: 1264: 1165:States as part of the 1070: 896: 825: 778:Washburn, North Dakota 761: 731:The Americans and the 629: 553: 539: 451: 199:was a select group of 62:considered for merging 6121:T. Jefferson Coolidge 6117:(great-granddaughter) 6109:John Wayles Jefferson 5854:Jefferson–Jackson Day 5789:David d'Angers statue 5586:Jefferson and slavery 5571:Historical reputation 5274:Early life and career 5006:(initial draft; 1775) 5004:Olive Branch Petition 4822:World Digital Library 4804:on February 12, 2008. 4674:Hayes, Derek (1999). 4447:Hosmer, James Kendall 4089:Kleber, John (2001). 4042:Josephy, Alvin M. Jr. 3881:10.1353/wic.2004.0006 2755:Malloy, Mary (2006). 2728:Harris, Buckley, 2012 2682:on September 27, 2016 2084:founders.archives.gov 1962:Cutright 1969, p. 27. 1672:Modern history portal 1543:St. Charles, Missouri 1334: 1273:Toussaint Charbonneau 1258: 1154:University of Montana 1080:Doctrine of Discovery 1067: 1058:Further information: 1054:Geography and science 1032:learned from General 960:Fort Ross, California 891: 819: 795:Toussaint Charbonneau 755: 670:Kansas City, Missouri 650:St. Charles, Missouri 622:Charles Marion Russel 604: 544: 534: 475:Benjamin Smith Barton 446: 382:Voyages from Montreal 225:St. Charles, Missouri 6311:History of St. Louis 6286:Columbia River Gorge 6145:Lucy Jefferson Lewis 6055:Mary Jefferson Eppes 5529:Age of Enlightenment 5163:Red River Expedition 4954:Governor of Virginia 4768:Wheeler, Olin Dunbar 4429:The Quarterly Review 4402:The Quarterly Review 3849:The Course of Empire 3665:Allen, Paul (1902). 3206:, Vol. 2 pp. 557–558 1743:James Kendall Hosmer 1700:United States portal 1631:Columbia River Gorge 1627:Vancouver Expedition 1575:in the United States 1388:Reuben Gold Thwaites 1024:Spanish interference 987:Bitterroot Mountains 920:maritime fur traders 789:nation's territory. 552:to the United States 521:Louisville, Kentucky 187:, also known as the 41:For other uses, see 6189:(great-grandfather) 5891:U.S. postage stamps 5859:Currency depictions 5839:Peaks and mountains 5769:Karl Bitter statues 5739:Jefferson Territory 5636:The American Museum 5544:American Revolution 5195:Non-Intercourse Act 5178:Embargo Act of 1807 5082:Northwest Ordinance 5065:Freedom of religion 4659:. Crown/Archetype. 4186:. Abbeville Press. 3699:Ambrose, Stephen E. 1638:Alexander Mackenzie 1636:From 1792 to 1793, 1444:'Lewis & Clark' 776:, near present-day 562:Girandoni air rifle 558:Indian Peace Medals 459:American Revolution 358:Alexander Mackenzie 227:, then went up the 172:, August 1804 near 70: 6336:Louisiana Purchase 6151:Randolph Jefferson 6085:George W. Randolph 6079:Thomas J. Randolph 5990:Jefferson's Garden 5950:Jefferson in Paris 5714:Jefferson Memorial 5341:Compromise of 1790 5316:First Party System 5218:Marbury v. Madison 5141:Corps of Discovery 5131:Louisiana Purchase 4596:. John H. Bassman. 4136:Nasatir, Abraham P 3161:Pekka Hamalainen, 3072:Pekka Hamalainen, 2031:Ambrose, pp. 98–99 1450:) was released by 1448:Prairie Expedition 1345: 1265: 1203:gifts of tobacco. 1184:Great Sioux Nation 1167:Louisiana Purchase 1071: 897: 840:, and crossed the 830:Continental Divide 826: 762: 756:Reconstruction of 634:Corps of Discovery 630: 606:Corps of Discovery 554: 550:Louisiana Purchase 441:Corps of Discovery 318:Minister to France 264:Louisiana Purchase 197:Corps of Discovery 193:Louisiana Purchase 158:Corps of Discovery 137:Louisiana Purchase 68: 6248: 6247: 6115:Sarah N. Randolph 6018:(2020 miniseries) 5985:(2008 miniseries) 5819:Jefferson College 5779:Louisville statue 5749:Jefferson Lecture 5202:First Barbary War 5151:Empire of Liberty 5093:French Revolution 5022:Committee of Five 4989:the United States 4666:978-0-3079-5654-5 4319:978-0-8160-4781-9 4256:978-1-57607-188-5 4235:978-0-8032-9228-4 4102:978-0-8131-2100-0 4081:978-0-8061-2504-6 3967:978-0-252-06306-0 3944:978-0-313-31661-6 3451:978-0-19-983246-0 2766:978-0-9722854-1-4 2615:978-1-4381-1023-3 2568:, pp. 20–22. 2323:pp. 104, 265, 271 1984:Furtwangler, 1993 1618:Columbia Rediviva 1615:, sailing in the 1581:Prior discoveries 1456:Dutch elm disease 1419:Legacy and honors 1006:George Drouillard 688:, in what is now 525:Falls of the Ohio 330:Pacific Northwest 179: 178: 135:Explore the 1803 16:(Redirected from 6368: 6237: 6236: 6187:William Randolph 6129:(great-grandson) 6123:(great-grandson) 6043:Martha Jefferson 5958:Thomas Jefferson 5864:Jefferson nickel 5849:Other placenames 5774:Hempstead statue 5653:Virginia dynasty 5607:National Gazette 5296:Ratification Day 5032:physical history 4977: 4969: 4957: 4946: 4934: 4926: 4915: 4904: 4886:Thomas Jefferson 4879: 4872: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4813:Travel Itinerary 4805: 4800:. 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dog 479:Robert Patterson 434:Federalist Party 418:mosquito netting 378:British Columbia 346:Le Page du Pratz 320:, Jefferson met 301:Thomas Jefferson 260:Thomas Jefferson 209:Meriwether Lewis 174:Sioux City, Iowa 148:Thomas Jefferson 119: 117: 113: 97: 82:Meriwether Lewis 78: 71: 67: 65: 32:Meriwether Lewis 21: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6251: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6215:James Madison → 6198: 6133:Peter Jefferson 6099:(granddaughter) 6093:(granddaughter) 6067:Madison Hemings 6061:Harriet Hemings 6031: 5907: 5900: 5869:Two-dollar bill 5734:Jefferson River 5699: 5693: 5662: 5601:Pet mockingbird 5581:Religious views 5517: 5513:Founders Online 5456: 5389: 5382: 5267:accomplishments 5266: 5260: 5212:Burr conspiracy 5173:Cumberland Road 5168:Pike Expedition 5107: 5087: 4988: 4986: 4980: 4972: 4960: 4949: 4937: 4929: 4918: 4907: 4896: 4888: 4883: 4796: 4788: 4749: 4728: 4707: 4688: 4667: 4646: 4613: 4585: 4565: 4559: 4557:Further reading 4549: 4474: 4419: 4385: 4346: 4330: 4328:Primary sources 4320: 4299: 4278: 4257: 4236: 4215: 4194: 4173: 4152: 4124: 4103: 4082: 4066:Jackson, Donald 4058: 4034: 3992: 3968: 3945: 3918: 3907:Lewis and Clark 3860: 3839: 3815: 3787: 3766: 3742: 3721: 3661: 3656: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3476: 3468: 3459: 3452: 3436:Wood, Gordon S. 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3313: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3254:, Vol. 1 p. 377 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3230:, Vol. 1 p. 229 3226: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3184:Wayback Machine 3173: 3169: 3160: 3156: 3148: 3137: 3129: 3118: 3110: 3099: 3091: 3080: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3013: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 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Carr 6172: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6148: 6142: 6136: 6130: 6124: 6118: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5994: 5986: 5978: 5974:Liberty's Kids 5970: 5962: 5954: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5929: 5921: 5912: 5910: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5844:Jefferson Rock 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5719:Mount Rushmore 5716: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5632: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5610: 5603: 5598: 5596:Jefferson Pier 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5472: 5464: 5462: 5461:Other writings 5458: 5457: 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5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5658:Ward republic 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5623:Betty Hemings 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5613:Sally Hemings 5611: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5420:Poplar Forest 5418: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5398:Barboursville 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5336:Residence Act 5334: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5321:republicanism 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5312: 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3104: 3102: 3094: 3093:Josephy, 2006 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3075: 3069: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3032: 3031:Ambrose, 1996 3027: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3004: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2979:Uldrich, 2004 2975: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2920: 2919:Ambrose, 1996 2915: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2895:Ambrose, 1996 2891: 2884: 2883:Ambrose, 1996 2879: 2872: 2871:Uldrich, 2004 2867: 2861:, p. 30. 2860: 2855: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2806: 2805:Ambrose, 1996 2801: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2776: 2768: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2749: 2741: 2740:Ambrose, 1996 2736: 2729: 2724: 2717: 2712: 2705: 2704:Ambrose, 1996 2700: 2698: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2667: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2617: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2598: 2591: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2567: 2562: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2529: 2524: 2517: 2512: 2505: 2504:Ambrose, 1996 2500: 2498: 2490: 2485: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2448: 2443: 2436: 2431: 2424: 2419: 2412: 2407: 2400: 2395: 2389:, p. 16. 2388: 2383: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2346: 2345:Ambrose, 1996 2341: 2334: 2329: 2322: 2317: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2295: 2294:Saindon, 2003 2290: 2288: 2280: 2279:Ambrose, 1996 2275: 2268: 2267:Bennett, 2002 2263: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2239: 2232: 2227: 2220: 2215: 2208: 2203: 2196: 2195:Ambrose, 1996 2191: 2184: 2183:Jackson, 1993 2179: 2171: 2169:9780684826974 2165: 2161: 2154: 2146: 2144:9780679454502 2140: 2136: 2129: 2122: 2121:Ambrose, 1996 2117: 2110: 2105: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2042: 2037: 2028: 2022:, pp. 136–137 2021: 2020:Jackson, 1993 2016: 2009: 2004: 1997: 1996:Ambrose, 1996 1992: 1985: 1980: 1973: 1968: 1959: 1952: 1947: 1940: 1935: 1928: 1923: 1916: 1915:Ambrose, 1996 1911: 1904: 1899: 1892: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1853: 1848: 1841: 1836: 1829: 1828:Ambrose, 1996 1824: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1795: 1789: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1690: 1687: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1662: 1659: 1648: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1632: 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that 916: 914: 909: 907: 903: 894: 890: 884:Pacific Ocean 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 823: 818: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 790: 788: 783: 779: 775: 770: 768: 759: 754: 750: 748: 743: 738: 734: 729: 725: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 698:Floyd's River 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 678:Charles Floyd 675: 671: 666: 664: 660: 656: 651: 647: 639: 635: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 592: 582: 580: 575: 571: 570:Pacific Ocean 567: 563: 559: 551: 547: 543: 538: 533: 530: 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 494: 492: 488: 484: 483:Caspar Wistar 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 455:Benjamin Rush 450: 445: 442: 437: 435: 430: 425: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 406:portable soup 403: 402:Israel Whelen 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 308: 306: 302: 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 265: 261: 256: 254: 250: 246: 245:Pacific Ocean 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 219:(Camp Wood), 218: 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VI 1803:References 1602:Pedro Vial 1585:See also: 1429:Pittsburgh 1259:Statue of 1225:among the 1218:Minnetaree 1138:Paul Allen 1115:mineralogy 1043:Pedro Vial 1030:New Mexico 1013:Crow tribe 876:and other 874:Mount Hood 866:Willamette 850:Clearwater 842:Bitteroots 834:Lemhi Pass 690:Sioux City 665:by Clark. 517:Ohio River 491:Monticello 467:astronomer 334:James Cook 277:topography 258:President 243:, and the 237:Lemhi Pass 116:1806-09-23 112:1804-05-14 6153:(brother) 6007:2020 film 5942:1972 film 5701:memorials 5667:Elections 5504:(c. 1819) 5377:Megalonyx 4638:. 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Lewis and Clark Expedition

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