262:
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304:. On July 1, 1731, Franklin and a number of his fellow members among the Junto drew up articles of agreement to found a library, for they had discovered that their far-ranging conversations on intellectual and political themes floundered at times on a point of fact that might be found in a decent library. In colonial Pennsylvania at the time there were not many books; Books from London
248:
681:—a marble statue of Franklin in a classical toga sculpted in Italy by Francesco Lazzarini. Member's shares were extended to carpenters and bricklayers in partial payment for work on the new building. The new quarters were opened on New Year's Day, 1791. For the new library Samuel Jennings, an expatriate Philadelphian living in London, painted a large picture, "
309:
Company's historian wrote, "the contribution of each created the book capital of all." Many of the first books in the collection focused on religion and education. It is notable that the first texts of the collection were written in
English, when during the period most books held in academic and private libraries were only found in Latin.
660:
Virtually every significant work on political theory, history, law, and statecraft (and much else besides) could be found on the
Library Company's shelves, as well as numerous tracts and polemical writings by American as well as European authors. And virtually all of those works that were influential
440:
and accounts of voyages and travels, a category the
Library Company has collected energetically throughout its history. A fifth of the titles were literature, mostly in the form of poetry and plays, for the prose novel was still in its infancy: as late as 1783, in the first orders from London after
743:, an energetic program of renewal brought the Library Company once more into a busy and vital center of national importance for research and education. The Library Company completed a new building on Locust Street, also named the Ridgway Library, in 1965, and opened it to the public in April 1966.
711:
The
Library Company's collections were physically split in the mid-19th century. A large bequest from Dr. James Rush resulted in a new building at Broad and Christian streets in South Philadelphia. The Ridgway Library, as it was called, was controversial because it was both physically and socially
324:
In the back of the library's 1741 catalog, Franklin mentioned that the library was accessible to people who were not members. Those who were not members were allowed to borrow books. However, they had to leave enough money to cover the cost of the book. Apparently, their money was given back upon
308:
were expensive to purchase and slow to arrive. Franklin and his friends were mostly of moderate means, and none alone could have afforded a representative library such as a gentleman of leisure might expect to assemble. By pooling their resources in pragmatic
Franklinian fashion, as the Library
688:
In 1792, the
Loganian Library, which had been housed across the square, was transferred to the Library Company, complementing its collection with the 2600 books (chiefly in Latin and Greek) that had been collected by James Logan. This collection was supplemented by the medical library of James
539:. Collinson, who had faithfully executed the Company's requests for books over the years, sent windfalls in 1755 and in 1758 in the form of boxes of his own copies of a score of 17th-century accounts of the newly established British colonies in America, among them such classics as
969:
Library
Company of Philadelphia. A Catalogue of Books Belonging to the Library Company of Philadelphia: A Facsimile of the Edition of 1741 Printed by Benjamin Franklin, with an Introduction by Edwin Wolf 2nd Philadelphia: Library Company of Philadelphia
672:
Permanent quarters were established for the
Library Company in 1789 with the purchase of a lot on Fifth Street near Chestnut across from State House Square. A competition for the design of a building was won by an amateur of architecture, Dr.
320:
The articles of association specified that each member after the first fifty must be approved by the directors, sign the articles, and pay the subscription. Admitting new members and selecting new books were the directors' ordinary duties.
599:
in 1773. "The Books (inclosed within Wire
Lattices) are kept in one large Room," Franklin was informed in London, "and in another handsome Apartment the Apparatus is deposited and the Directors meet." On September 5, 1774, the
677:, with a plan for a Palladian red-brick structure with white pilasters and a pediment interrupting a balustraded roof. A curving double flight of steps led up to the arched door under an arched niche containing a gift from
515:
specimens, minerals. When John Penn, making up for his slow start, sent an air-pump to the learned society in 1739, the directors, to house it commissioned a glazed cabinet, the earliest extant example of
American-made
316:
took over his duties. Franklin's stint as librarian ended in 1734, when he was replaced by William Parsons, the librarian for the next 12 years. Robert Greenway was the fourth librarian, whose tenure lasted until 1763.
435:
The earliest surviving printed catalogue of 1741 gives the range of readers' tastes, for the members' requirements shaped the collection. Excluding gifts, a third of the holdings of 375 titles were historical works,
575:
were frequently borrowed and from time to time, needed repairs. There is also evidence that many of the library's curiosities were available to borrow if permission was obtained from any two directors. In 1769,
328:
On November 10, 1731, at Nicholas Scull's Bear Tavern ten persons paid their forty shillings: Robert Grace (share no. 1), Thomas Hopkinson (share no. 2),2 Benjamin Franklin (share no. 3), John Jones, Jr. (4),
950:
Abbot, G. M. A Short History of the Library Company of Philadelphia; Compiled from the Minutes, Together with Some Personal Reminiscences. Philadelphia: Published by order of the board of directors, 1913.
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the war years, the directors thought "we should not think it expedient to add to our present stock, anything in the novel way." Another fifth of the titles were devoted to works of science. Theology and
333:(5), Anthony Nicholas (6), Thomas Godfrey (7), Joseph Stretch (8), Philip Syng, Jr. (9), and John Sober (10). It was a disappointing turnout: all but John Sober and the hatter Joseph Stretch (son of
325:
returning the book. The privilege of being a member meant that books could be borrowed for free. Franklin also mentioned that the library was only open on Saturdays, for four hours in the afternoon.
560:
337:), who later became a Pennsylvania assemblyman, were officers. The library now had eleven paid-up members. Joseph Stretch and his brothers provided half of the original capital to build
1363:
739:. As its fortunes improved after the war, the institution focused on its mission as a scholarly research library. In the second half of the 20th century, under the direction of
1500:
206:
The current collection size is approximately 500,000 books and 70,000 other items, including 2,150 items that once belonged to Franklin, major collections of 17th-century and
203:, the Library Company of Philadelphia has accumulated one of the most significant collections of historically valuable manuscripts and printed material in the United States.
21:
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The collections went from strength to strength in the 19th century. In mid-century it was considered one of the "five great libraries" in the United States, along with the
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Wolf, E. "At the Instance of Benjamin Franklin"—A Brief History of The Library Company of Philadelphia, 1731–1976. Philadelphia: Library Company of Philadelphia, 1976.
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The first librarian they hired, America's first, was Louis Timothee. He only held the position for a brief time. Until another librarian was found to replace him,
1189:
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Gray, A. K. Benjamin Franklin's Library: A Short Account of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 1731–1931, Foreword by Owen Wister. New York: Macmillan, 1937.
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Logan's younger brother, a physician in Bristol, England, the best medical library in North America. Thornton's new building immediately required a new wing.
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Wolf, E. "The First Books and Printed Catalogues of the Library Company of Philadelphia." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 78 (1954): 45–70.
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524:) housed the Library and its collections: there Franklin and his associates performed their first experiments in electricity during the 1740s. Later
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each and promised to pay ten shillings a year thereafter to buy books and maintain a shareholder's library. Therefore, "the Mother of all American
1639:
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belonged to gentlemen, members of the clergy, and colleges. Members of the Library Company soon opened their own book presses to make donations:
1713:
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Korty, M. B. "Benjamin Franklin and Eighteenth Century American Libraries." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 55 (1965): 1–83.
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Smith, J. J. "Notes for a History of the Library Company of Philadelphia." Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania 16 (September 26, 1835): 201–08.
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In 1785, the Company purchased a collection of Revolutionary broadsheets pamphlets and other ephemera that had been assiduously collected by
535:
A charter was issued for the Company by the Penn proprietors, March 24, 1742, that included a plot of land, issued in their name by Governor
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1004:"Early Documents of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 1733–1734." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 39 (1915): 450–53.
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Grimm, D. F. "A History of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 1731–1835." Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1955.
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Zytaruk, Maria (January 2017). "America's first circulating museum: The object collection of the library company of Philadelphia".
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Wolf, E. "Some Books of Early English Provenance in the Library Company of Philadelphia." Book Collector 9 (1960): 275–84.
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The library absorbed smaller lending libraries and outgrew its rooms, renting larger space on the second floor of the new
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Wolf, E. "The Early Buying Policy of the Library Company of Philadelphia ." Wilson Library Bulletin 30 (1955): 316–18.
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453:. Another tenth was works of philosophy, and the rest (approximately 1/15 of the collection) was "economics and such
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445:, however, accounted for only a tenth of the titles, which set the Free Library apart from collegiate libraries at
1014:"The Library Company of Philadelphia, and the Loganian Library." Norton's Literary Gazette 2 (July 15, 1852): 127.
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and was forced to sell the Locust Street building and consolidate the collections in the Ridgway Library on South
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356:, "the best Judge of Books in these parts," was sent to London by autumn the first books were on the shelves.
1955:
1338:
608:, and the Library Company extended members' privileges to all the delegates. The offer was renewed when the
1890:
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Packard, F. R. Charter Members of the Library Company. Philadelphia: Library Company of Philadelphia, 1942.
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architectural furniture. Rooms on the second floor of the newly finished west wing of the State House (now
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removed from the homes and businesses of its members. A new, more centrally located, library designed by
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Wolf, E. "The Library Company of Philadelphia, America's First Museum." Antiques 120 (1981): 348–60.
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629:
297:
218:, maps, and whole libraries assembled in the 18th and 19th centuries. The collection also includes
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496:. The Library soon became a repository of other curiosities: antique coins, including a gift of
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652:—owned shares, some of them serving as directors. The Library Company served virtually as the
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in framing the minds of the Framers of the nation are still on the Library Company's shelves.
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arrived in the summer of 1738 from Walter Sydserfe, a Scottish-born physician and planter of
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255:
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Peterson, C. E. "The Library Hall: Home of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 1790–1880."
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At the Instance of Benjamin Franklin: A Brief History of the Library Company of Philadelphia
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1993:
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to the collection and Francis Richardson gave several volumes, among them Francis Bacon's
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The Ridgway Library, opened in 1966, home of the Library Company of Philadelphia, at 1314
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Edmunds, A. J. "The First Books Imported by America's First Great Library: 1732 "
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at first elicited no more than a polite response, but an unsolicited gift of 34
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Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
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The Library Company's example was soon imitated in other cities along the
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The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Vol II: Printer and Publisher, 1730–1747
723:, was chartered in 1891 to "be free to all", and opened in March 1894.
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368:
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224:
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Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia
860:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 93–128.
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388:
352:" was established, and a list of desired books compiled in part by
345:
215:
211:
1052:
1027:
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Wolf, E. "Library Company of Philadelphia." ELIS 15 (1975): 1–19.
429:
405:, and others. A bit later William Rawle added a set of Spenser's
393:
179:
247:
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met the following spring, and again when the delegates to the
1653:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
616:
met in 1787. Nine signers of the Declaration of Independence—
529:
271:
Philadelphia High School for the Creative and Performing Arts
1502:
Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
731:
The Library Company suffered financial troubles during the
465:, and the indefinables." The Company's agent in London was
450:
1416:
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain
269:, built in 1873–1878, is now occupied since 1997 by the
716:
opened its doors in 1880 at Juniper and Locust Street.
1009:
American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge
1544:
A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks
810:. Philadelphia: The Library Company of Philadelphia.
656:
until the national capital was established in 1800.
592:
became the first woman to be voted a library share.
16:
Library in Pennsylvania founded by Benjamin Franklin
477:mercer-naturalist of London, who corresponded with
2158:Special collections libraries in the United States
1667:Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky
1454:"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)
882:"George Meade, A Patriot of the Revolutionary Era"
978:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
2089:
2123:Library buildings completed in the 18th century
1523:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
955:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
1078:
416:Overtures to the proprietor of Pennsylvania,
1756:Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin
413:, but on the whole books in Latin were few.
191:(LCP) is a non-profit organization based on
1473:Experiments and Observations on Electricity
341:, another of Benjamin Franklin's projects.
292:The Library Company was an offshoot of the
1509:Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)
1275:Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart
1085:
1071:
1055:
1041:
796:
794:
792:
790:
669:, of which no other copies have survived.
242:
1603:Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology
1374:President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society
344:Over time, fifty subscribers invested 40
2103:Buildings and structures in Philadelphia
1222:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
683:Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences
276:
260:
252:Library and Surgeon's Hall, Fifth-street
246:
2153:Research libraries in the United States
1115:Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
910:
787:
2090:
1552:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1436:Early American publishers and printers
1105:President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)
1092:
1066:
855:
800:
2148:Organizations based in Philadelphia
2118:Library buildings completed in 1880
2098:1731 establishments in Pennsylvania
1613:Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
1327:Academy and College of Philadelphia
387:said he had read at the age of 16;
13:
2128:Libraries in British North America
2059:Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)
1459:"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)
1158:Committee of Secret Correspondence
1007:"Public Library in Philadelphia."
832:"A History of US Public Libraries"
758:History of Public Library Advocacy
580:used the telescope to observe the
265:The former Ridgway Library at 901
199:. Founded as a library in 1731 by
14:
2169:
2044:Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)
1694:University of Pennsylvania statue
1019:
836:Digital Public Library of America
118:500,000 books; 70,000 other items
2072:
2071:
2024:Alexander Bache (great-grandson)
1781:Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)
1354:Continental Currency dollar coin
1255:Franklin's electrostatic machine
1227:Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
1110:Ambassador to France (1779–1785)
59:
2019:Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)
1994:Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)
1449:The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)
1400:The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
1317:Library Company of Philadelphia
1049:Library Company of Philadelphia
1035:Library Company of Philadelphia
726:
189:Library Company of Philadelphia
54:Library Company of Philadelphia
1312:American Philosophical Society
1207:1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
1202:Staten Island Peace Conference
904:
874:
849:
824:
532:hand of an Egyptian princess.
373:Logic: or, the Art of Thinking
365:A Collection of Several Pieces
180:http://www.librarycompany.org/
1:
1410:Silence Dogood letters (1722)
1339:Philadelphia Contributionship
925:10.1080/19369816.2017.1257871
775:
2014:Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)
2004:Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)
1647:The Apotheosis of Washington
1572:Franklin's phonetic alphabet
1530:"The Morals of Chess" (1786)
1423:The Busy-Body columns (1729)
1364:United States Postal Service
1190:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
753:Free Library of Philadelphia
721:Free Library of Philadelphia
561:General Historie of Virginia
97:; 293 years ago
7:
1999:William Franklin (grandson)
1719:Jefferson Memorial pediment
1640:Royal Society of Arts medal
1515:A Letter to a Royal Academy
1175:Declaration of Independence
746:
719:An unrelated endeavor, the
610:Second Continental Congress
403:Merchants Mappe of Commerce
139:Free and open to the public
10:
2174:
2054:Richard Bache (son-in-law)
2049:Peter Folger (grandfather)
1744:Washington–Franklin stamps
1709:Stanford University statue
1332:University of Pennsylvania
694:Harvard University Library
667:Pierre Eugène Du Simitière
604:met on the first floor of
602:First Continental Congress
237:
131:Non-circulating collection
2133:Libraries in Philadelphia
2108:Center City, Philadelphia
2067:
2009:Louis F. Bache (grandson)
1971:
1918:
1878:(2002 documentary series)
1862:(1997 documentary series)
1802:
1761:Benjamin Franklin College
1608:Benjamin Franklin Parkway
1580:
1392:
1245:
1153:Hutchinson letters affair
1123:
1100:
856:Lemay, J. A. Leo (2005).
614:Constitutional Convention
359:Earlier libraries in the
300:, that gravitated around
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2034:James Franklin (brother)
2029:Josiah Franklin (father)
1699:Portland, Oregon, statue
1567:Franklin as a journalist
1536:An Address to the Public
1429:The Pennsylvania Gazette
1185:Franco-American alliance
1136:(1754 political cartoon)
597:Carpenters' Company hall
588:. On May 9 of that year
375:, by the Port Royalists
296:, a discussion group in
197:Center City Philadelphia
2143:Museums in Philadelphia
2113:History of Philadelphia
1937:The New-England Courant
1734:One-hundred-dollar bill
1635:Benjamin Franklin Medal
1598:Benjamin Franklin House
1442:Poor Richard's Almanack
1349:Early American currency
1300:111th Infantry Regiment
1168:"...to be self-evident"
770:Public Library Advocacy
698:Yale University Library
243:18th and 19th centuries
1989:Francis Franklin (son)
1984:William Franklin (son)
1931:American Enlightenment
1870:(2002 animated series)
1739:Franklin silver dollar
1714:Washington D.C. statue
1689:Columbus, Ohio, statue
1674:Revolutionary War Door
1560:Bagatelles and Satires
1554:(1771–1790, pub. 1791)
1494:Pennsylvania Chronicle
1379:Master, Les Neuf Sœurs
1011:2 (November 1835): 91.
913:Museum History Journal
663:
567:The Library Company's
350:subscription libraries
289:
274:
258:
1821:Ben Franklin in Paris
1724:Refunding Certificate
1322:Pennsylvania Hospital
1217:Treaty of Paris, 1783
658:
339:Pennsylvania Hospital
298:colonial Philadelphia
280:
264:
256:William Russell Birch
254:an 1800 engraving by
250:
37:39.94779°N 75.16306°W
1926:Age of Enlightenment
1852:A More Perfect Union
1729:Franklin half dollar
1704:San Francisco statue
1480:Birch letters (1755)
1141:Albany Plan of Union
801:Wolf, Edwin (1976).
764:Life in Philadelphia
505:Member of Parliament
383:, which Franklin in
2039:Jane Mecom (sister)
1979:Deborah Read (wife)
1951:American Revolution
1944:The American Museum
1823:(1964 musical play)
1794:Ben Franklin effect
702:Library of Congress
654:Library of Congress
42:39.94779; -75.16306
33: /
1902:(2022 documentary)
1804:In popular culture
1618:Franklin Institute
1344:Union Fire Company
1232:Postmaster General
1212:Libertas Americana
1195:Treaty of Alliance
980:95 (1951): 266–85.
957:30 (1906): 300–308
892:: 196–8. 1888–1891
290:
275:
267:South Broad Street
259:
2085:
2084:
1910:(2024 miniseries)
1900:Benjamin Franklin
1894:(2015 miniseries)
1886:(2008 miniseries)
1876:Benjamin Franklin
1843:Benjamin Franklin
1776:State of Franklin
1486:The Way to Wealth
1163:Committee of Five
1094:Benjamin Franklin
867:978-0-8122-3855-6
626:Francis Hopkinson
618:Benjamin Franklin
522:Independence Hall
401:; Lewis Roberts'
385:his autobiography
361:Thirteen Colonies
331:Joseph Breintnall
314:Benjamin Franklin
302:Benjamin Franklin
201:Benjamin Franklin
185:
184:
155:Other information
148:Benjamin Franklin
136:Population served
2165:
2075:
2074:
1786:Ships named USS
1237:Founding Fathers
1087:
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1045:
1031:
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1028:Official website
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733:Great Depression
675:William Thornton
606:Carpenters' Hall
582:transit of Venus
469:, Fellow of the
399:Philemon Holland
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1967:
1914:
1892:Sons of Liberty
1798:
1670:(1816 painting)
1662:(1783 painting)
1659:Treaty of Paris
1576:
1405:Founders Online
1388:
1369:Street lighting
1285:Kite experiment
1247:
1241:
1146:Albany Congress
1125:
1124:Founding of the
1119:
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944:Further reading
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455:social sciences
426:pounds sterling
377:Antoine Arnauld
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1815:(1953 short)
1812:
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1749:other stamps
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1645:Depicted in
1588:Bibliography
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1248:other events
1180:Model Treaty
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919:(1): 68-82.
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894:. Retrieved
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839:. Retrieved
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85:Pennsylvania
81:Philadelphia
18:
1854:(1989 film)
1562:(pub. 1845)
1444:(1732–1758)
1431:(1729–1790)
1295:Associators
1246:Inventions,
650:George Ross
638:John Morton
578:Owen Biddle
498:Roman coins
463:linguistics
438:geographies
354:James Logan
306:booksellers
128:Circulation
92:Established
40: /
2092:Categories
1884:John Adams
1813:Ben and Me
1359:Fugio cent
1307:Junto club
776:References
569:microscope
556:John Smith
494:Charleston
369:John Locke
208:Revolution
150:originally
110:Collection
28:75°09′47″W
25:39°56′52″N
1836:1972 film
1384:Gravesite
933:164443324
573:telescope
530:mummified
528:sent the
518:Palladian
422:Pennsbury
418:John Penn
346:shillings
225:Moby-Dick
212:pamphlets
168:Employees
2077:Category
1956:patriots
1946:magazine
1908:Franklin
1860:Liberty!
1788:Franklin
1393:Writings
1260:Bifocals
1039:Facebook
747:See also
551:Relation
549:Mourt's
541:Strachey
459:the arts
389:Plutarch
216:ephemera
160:Director
72:Location
1919:Related
1053:Twitter
509:fossils
500:from a
488:, from
447:Harvard
443:sermons
430:Antigua
394:Moralia
238:History
176:Website
163:Interim
144:Members
100: (
1972:Family
1847:(1972)
1623:awards
1581:Legacy
1546:(1789)
1538:(1789)
1525:(1784)
1517:(1781)
1504:(1773)
1496:(1767)
1488:(1758)
1475:(1751)
1467:(1751)
1418:(1725)
931:
896:May 8,
864:
841:May 8,
814:
704:, and
648:, and
475:Quaker
473:, the
87:, U.S.
1628:medal
929:S2CID
808:(PDF)
781:Notes
584:from
545:Lawes
490:Salem
407:Works
367:, by
294:Junto
210:-era
75:1314
1829:1776
970:1956
898:2022
862:ISBN
843:2022
812:ISBN
571:and
554:and
502:Tory
451:Yale
449:and
379:and
228:and
214:and
187:The
115:Size
102:1731
95:1731
1051:on
1037:on
921:doi
685:."
558:'s
543:'s
492:to
420:at
391:'s
285:in
222:of
195:in
2094::
927:.
917:10
915:.
888:.
884:.
834:.
789:^
708:.
700:,
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632:,
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564:.
547:,
511:,
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481:.
461:,
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432:.
371:;
234:.
171:25
83:,
79:,
1838:)
1086:e
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1072:v
935:.
923::
900:.
890:3
870:.
845:.
820:.
273:.
104:)
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