519:
31:
53:
543:
531:
368:, the genera were included in the Lichinaceae. In a corrected and amended version of the "2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota", the Harpidiaceae was added as Pezizomycotina
364:. Although some authoritative sources have folded the Harpidiaceae into the Lichinaceae, some other authorities have preferred to treat the Harpidiaceae as a distinct, independent family. For example, in the
1310:
LĂĽcking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "Corrections and amendments to the 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota".
1283:
Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Huhndorf, Sabine M. (2010). "Myconet Volume 14. Part One. Outline of
Ascomycota—2009. Part Two. Notes on Ascomycete Systematics. Nos. 4751–5113".
300:
to contain the
Lichinaceae. In the 1980s and 1990s, several taxonomic and nomenclatural studies were the basis for the revision of many of the species in the family.
39:
535:
2453:
547:
2304:
1965:
1800:
1780:
Steiner, J. (1903). "Bearbeitung der von O. Simony 1898 und 1899 in SĂĽdarabien, auf
Sokotra undden benachbarten Inseln gesammelten Flechten".
2356:
930:
2200:
1388:. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. pp. 205–206.
2278:
2317:
2027:
DĂaz-EscandĂłn, David; Hawksworth, David L.; Powell, Mark; Resl, Philipp; Spribille, Toby (2021). "The
British chalk specialist
1393:
1126:
2322:
1461:. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in French and Latin). Vol. 7. Helsinki: J. Simelius. p. 232.
1264:
Hafellner, J. (1984). "Studien in
Richtung einer natĂĽrlichen Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoracae und Lecideaceae".
2405:
2361:
2448:
404:
432:
1337:
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-GarcĂa, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022).
2343:
2438:
484:
392:
226:
52:
222:
2410:
2371:
2270:
2443:
1801:"Lichenes Africae orientalis italicae. I. I. I licheni dell'Abissinia meridionale e della Somalia"
2433:
1215:
Henssen, Aino; Jørgensen, Per Magnus (1990). "New combinations and synonyms in the
Lichinaceae".
2153:
1782:
Denkschriften der
Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien) Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
1381:
326:
304:
2309:
2191:
2384:
1416:
2226:
2074:
2040:
1906:, a new genus and species in the Lichinaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Socotra, Yemen"
1091:
1078:
Schultz, Matthias; BĂĽdel, Burkhard (2003). "On the systematic position of the lichen genus
941:
589:
238:
8:
2257:
2044:
1095:
2086:
952:
523:
507:
443:
430:, usually zeorine, immersed or adnate, often pycnoascocarps, rarely thallinocarps. The
386:
of
Lichinaceae species are known to occur in a variety of forms, including gelatinous,
345:
163:
47:
2205:
1103:
2379:
2213:
2105:
2056:
1901:
1399:
1389:
1338:
1122:
743:
559:
503:
338:
1865:
1638:
1473:
1355:
1143:
2131:
2121:
2048:
1994:
1842:
1716:
1679:
British
Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition Scientific Reports
1573:
1569:
1539:
1508:
1458:Étude sur la classification naturelle et la morphologie des Lichens du Brésil, I–II
1456:
1418:
1360:
1350:
1319:
1292:
1224:
1197:
1099:
1029:
798:
677:
555:
518:
491:
242:
191:
2077:(1912). "Supplement to the lichen flora of the Santa Cruz peninsula, California".
1615:
30:
2218:
2052:
1758:
1655:
1588:
1427:
1422:
1007:
765:
622:
438:(the hyphae or other tissues between the asci) consist of unbranched to branched
399:
387:
349:
267:
258:
2348:
1323:
410:
or stratified and very rarely eucorticate (i.e., comprising well-differentiated
2265:
2176:
1830:. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 79. Vaduz: J. Cramer. pp. 381–398.
1047:
963:
787:
578:
567:
499:
370:
2126:
1998:
1720:
1543:
1512:
1228:
1201:
2427:
1403:
1055:
1051:
1018:
853:
820:
809:
419:
405:
206:
2397:
1945:
Dahl, E. (1950). "Studies in the macrolichen flora of southwest Greenland".
1881:
Gyelnik, V. (1939). "Revisio typorum ab auctoribus variis descriptorum IV".
1245:
Eriksson, O.E.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1998). "Outline of the ascomycetes—1998".
450:
are either prototunicate or unitunicate, and either amyloid or non-amyloid.
433:
317:, the rostrate type of ascus (i.e., having a beaklike process), the type of
2060:
996:
908:
897:
875:
864:
710:
600:
542:
353:
293:
1826:, a new genus of the Lichinaceae". In Hertel, H.; Oberwinkler, F. (eds.).
530:
321:, and the thallus anatomy. Heppiaceae was typically included in the order
2291:
2185:
1165:
Henssen, A.; BĂĽdel, B. (1986). "Lichinales Henssen and Biidel ordo nov".
1042:
886:
754:
699:
644:
611:
463:
374:, a placement followed by recent (2022) review of fungal classification.
322:
2090:
1386:
Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
485:
393:
2136:
1365:
919:
842:
831:
732:
439:
427:
415:
398:, filamentous to microfoliose or microfruticose, ecorticate (lacking a
318:
297:
286:
195:
128:
104:
94:
84:
2296:
2104:
Prieto, Maria; Schultz, Matthias; Olariaga, Ibai; Wedin, Mats (2018).
1640:
Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae, adjecta dispositione universali algarum
313:. It was considered to differ from the Peltulaceae in the polysporous
2252:
2239:
1847:
Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg
1148:
Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg
985:
974:
688:
479:
455:
451:
254:
246:
210:
64:
2335:
2283:
2147:
2392:
2330:
2244:
2170:
1560:
Vainio, E.A. (1929). "New species of lichens from Porto Rico. II".
1296:
776:
666:
467:
423:
250:
142:
1843:"Essai d'une nouvelle classification des lichens (second mémoire)"
1336:
2026:
721:
495:
471:
459:
383:
281:
230:
174:
136:
1870:(in German). Breslau: Trewendt & Granier. pp. 157, 425.
1240:
1238:
1046:, formerly placed in Lichinaceae, was placed in its own family (
655:
633:
562:) accepts 47 genera and 156 species in the family Lichinaceae.
475:
309:
202:
74:
2231:
1970:(in Latin). Lundin: Typographia Academica. pp. 297, 302.
1643:(in Latin). Lundin: Ex officina Berlingiana. pp. xii, 9.
1235:
447:
411:
334:
314:
234:
198:
1379:
229:. His description of the family mentioned the obscure brown
1208:
119:
2103:
1276:
1073:
1071:
2020:
1934:(in Latin). Verona: Typis Antonellianis. pp. 15, 18.
1330:
1985:
Jamesii, a new member of the Lichinaceae From Antigua".
1815:
325:, while the Peltulaceae was included in the Lichinales.
1309:
1158:
1068:
506:(rock-dwelling) or terrestrial, while some species are
1883:
Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici
1488:
1380:
Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; LĂĽcking, Robert;
1110:
337:
nested within the Lichinaceae, and so Heppiaceae was
1677:
Dodge, C.W. (1948). "Lichens and lichen parasites".
1410:
1656:"Observata lichenologica in Pyrenaeis orientalibus"
1303:
2097:
2031:auct. revealed as a new genus of Lichinomycetes".
1925:
1923:
1244:
1121:. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 17.
2110:is a new lichenized lineage in the Leotiomycetes"
2014:Schedulae criticae in lichenes exsiccatos Italiae
1792:
1144:"Essai d'une nouvelle classification des Lichens"
2425:
1214:
2005:
1920:
1694:
1692:
1282:
1828:Beitrage zur Lichenologie. Festscrift J. Poelt
1761:[The lichens of the Franconian Jura].
1555:
1553:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1339:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021"
2079:Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences
1834:
1647:
1257:
1974:
1893:
1874:
1821:
1798:
1773:
1689:
1580:
1530:, a holocarpous lichen from Marion Island".
1519:
1177:
1164:
1135:
1077:
348:in 1974, then formally published in 1984 by
1857:
1750:
1630:
1607:
1550:
1443:
241:described as either filamentous or tufted (
2067:
2011:
1957:
1929:
1734:FĂ©e, A.L.A. (1836). "Monographie du genre
1670:
1499:, a new genus in the family Lichinaceae".
1494:
1465:
1116:
29:
2454:Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist)
2135:
2125:
1938:
1373:
1364:
1354:
1263:
1023:D.Hawksw., M.Powell & T.Sprib. (2021)
502:are made. Most species in the family are
1840:
1727:
1653:
1141:
541:
529:
517:
1980:
1899:
1880:
1779:
1698:
1586:
1525:
1183:
1117:Cannon, Paul F.; Kirk, Paul M. (2007).
418:partner for the majority of species is
2426:
1930:Massalongo, Abramo Bartolomeo (1855).
1863:
1756:
1636:
1613:
1559:
1454:
296:and Burkhard BĂĽdel proposed the order
2152:
2151:
2073:
1963:
1676:
1471:
209:, and have a distribution largely in
2372:682eb8f0-88cf-4b0c-870a-e66160f3f14a
1944:
1616:"Lichenes novi rarioresque. Ser. IV"
303:Heppiaceae was a family proposed by
1759:"Die Lichenen des fränkischen Jura"
1733:
13:
1495:Moreno, P.P.; Egea, J.M. (1992). "
14:
2465:
1421:Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+.
1285:Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences
1184:Henssen, Aino (1986). "The genus
225:in 1854 by Finnish lichenologist
1822:Henssen, A.; BĂĽdel, B. (1984). "
1805:Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano
245:). The fruiting structures, the
51:
1864:Körber, Gustav Wilhelm (1855).
1707:, new genera of Lichinaceae".
1574:10.1080/00275514.1929.12016930
1455:Wainio, Edvard August (1890).
1384:(2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.).
377:
329:methods showed that the genus
265:, which contained the genera
16:Family of lichen-forming fungi
1:
1104:10.1016/s0024-2829(03)00019-7
1061:
344:First informally proposed by
307:in 1906 to contain the genus
2053:10.1016/j.funbio.2021.01.007
1593:, eine neue Flechtengattung"
1474:"Nya Skandinaviska Lafarter"
1119:Fungal Families of the World
605:P.P.Moreno & Egea (1992)
7:
1324:10.1639/0007-2745-120.1.058
216:
10:
2470:
1900:Schultz, Matthias (2002).
1867:Systema lichenum Germaniae
1266:Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia
781:A.Massal. ex Arnold (1858)
660:Nägeli ex A.Massal. (1854)
554:As of December 2023,
341:with Lichinaceae in 2003.
249:, are described as either
2160:
2127:10.1007/s13225-018-0417-5
2012:Massalongo, A.B. (1856).
1999:10.1017/s0024282990000287
1967:Systema Orbis Vegetabilis
1799:Cengia Sambo, M. (1937).
1721:10.1017/s002428298900023x
1544:10.1017/S0024282986000063
1513:10.1017/s0024282992000331
1356:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
1229:10.1017/s0024282990000093
1202:10.1017/s0024282986000282
513:
454:are simple, spherical to
366:Outline of the Ascomycota
169:
162:
155:
150:
134:
127:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
1932:Frammenti lichenografici
1981:Henssen, Aino (1990). "
1947:Meddelelser om Grønland
1526:Henssen, Aino (1986). "
572:Nyl. ex Forssell (1885)
482:or bacilliform, rarely
462:, and non-amyloid. The
40:Lichinella cribellifera
2449:Taxa described in 1854
1904:Pseudopaulia tesselata
693:(Vain.) Zahlbr. (1906)
551:
539:
527:
327:Molecular phylogenetic
305:Alexander Zahlbruckner
1841:Nylander, W. (1855).
1699:Henssen, A. (1989). "
1654:Nylander, W. (1873).
1637:Agardh, C.A. (1817).
1614:Vainio, E.A. (1907).
1528:Edwardiella mirabilis
1142:Nylander, W. (1854).
935:(Vain.) Gyeln. (1935)
545:
533:
521:
2075:Herre, Albert W.C.T.
1964:Fries, E.M. (1825).
1587:Wächter, W. (1897).
1472:Fries, T.M. (1866).
1382:Lumbsch, H. Thorsten
483:
431:
403:
391:
356:contains the genera
261:in the Lichinaceae:
2439:Ascomycota families
2045:2021FunB..125..495D
2029:Lecidea lichenicola
1757:Arnold, F. (1858).
1247:Systema Ascomycetum
1167:Systema Ascomycetum
1096:2003ThLic..35..151S
466:are in the form of
201:. Most species are
1763:Flora (Regensburg)
1660:Flora (Regensburg)
1597:Flora (Regensburg)
1430:Version 2023-12-15
924:(Nyl.) Nyl. (1858)
552:
540:
536:Synalissa ramulosa
528:
524:Peccania tiruncula
422:. The form of the
279:, which contained
257:. He included two
237:, with an overall
2421:
2420:
2380:Open Tree of Life
2154:Taxon identifiers
1987:The Lichenologist
1709:The Lichenologist
1591:Jenmania goebelii
1532:The Lichenologist
1501:The Lichenologist
1478:Botaniska Notiser
1395:978-3-443-01089-8
1217:The Lichenologist
1190:The Lichenologist
1128:978-0-85199-827-5
1084:The Lichenologist
560:Catalogue of Life
510:(bark-dwelling).
184:
183:
123:
2461:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2349:NHMSYS0001488389
2339:
2338:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2312:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2114:Fungal Diversity
2101:
2095:
2094:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1419:Species Fungorum
1417:Source dataset.
1414:
1408:
1407:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1358:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1188:(Lichinaceae)".
1181:
1175:
1174:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1075:
1035:
1030:Zahlbrucknerella
1024:
1013:
1012:A.Massal. (1856)
1002:
991:
980:
979:A.Massal. (1855)
969:
958:
947:
936:
925:
914:
903:
892:
891:A.Massal. (1855)
881:
880:M.Schultz (2002)
870:
859:
848:
837:
826:
815:
804:
799:Phylliscidiopsis
793:
792:J.Steiner (1902)
782:
771:
760:
749:
748:C.W.Dodge (1948)
738:
727:
716:
705:
694:
683:
678:Lecidopyrenopsis
672:
661:
650:
639:
628:
617:
606:
595:
584:
573:
556:Species Fungorum
494:to sigmoid, and
487:
446:or non-amyloid.
435:
407:
395:
227:William Nylander
178:
118:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2444:Lichen families
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2156:
2146:
2145:
2102:
2098:
2085:(15): 380–386.
2072:
2068:
2025:
2021:
2010:
2006:
1979:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1943:
1939:
1928:
1921:
1898:
1894:
1879:
1875:
1862:
1858:
1839:
1835:
1820:
1816:
1797:
1793:
1778:
1774:
1755:
1751:
1732:
1728:
1697:
1690:
1675:
1671:
1652:
1648:
1635:
1631:
1612:
1608:
1585:
1581:
1558:
1551:
1524:
1520:
1493:
1489:
1470:
1466:
1453:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1428:Catalog of Life
1415:
1411:
1396:
1378:
1374:
1335:
1331:
1308:
1304:
1281:
1277:
1262:
1258:
1243:
1236:
1213:
1209:
1182:
1178:
1163:
1159:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1115:
1111:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1054:) in the class
1033:
1022:
1011:
1000:
989:
978:
967:
956:
945:
934:
923:
912:
901:
890:
879:
868:
857:
846:
835:
824:
814:Forssell (1885)
813:
802:
791:
780:
769:
758:
747:
736:
726:C.Agardh (1817)
725:
714:
703:
692:
681:
671:W.Wächt. (1897)
670:
659:
648:
637:
626:
615:
604:
593:
582:
571:
516:
500:lichen products
489:
437:
409:
397:
380:
350:Josef Hafellner
221:The family was
219:
173:
146:
140:
117:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2467:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Lichinomycetes
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2402:
2389:
2376:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2182:
2166:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2144:
2143:
2096:
2066:
2039:(7): 495–504.
2033:Fungal Biology
2019:
2004:
1993:(3): 253–259.
1973:
1956:
1937:
1919:
1892:
1873:
1856:
1833:
1814:
1807:(in Italian).
1791:
1772:
1749:
1726:
1715:(2): 101–118.
1688:
1669:
1646:
1629:
1606:
1579:
1549:
1518:
1507:(3): 215–228.
1487:
1464:
1442:
1409:
1394:
1372:
1329:
1312:The Bryologist
1302:
1297:10.3158/1557.1
1275:
1256:
1253:(1–2): 83–296.
1234:
1223:(2): 137–147.
1207:
1196:(3): 201–229.
1176:
1157:
1134:
1127:
1109:
1090:(2): 151–156.
1066:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1048:Lichinodiaceae
1038:
1037:
1026:
1015:
1004:
1001:Henssen (1990)
993:
982:
971:
964:Thallinocarpon
960:
949:
946:Henssen (1989)
938:
927:
916:
913:Trevis. (1855)
905:
894:
883:
872:
869:Zahlbr. (1903)
861:
850:
839:
828:
825:Henssen (1984)
817:
806:
795:
788:Phloeopeccania
784:
773:
762:
759:Henssen (1989)
751:
740:
729:
718:
707:
696:
685:
674:
663:
652:
641:
630:
619:
616:Henssen (1986)
608:
597:
586:
579:Calotrichopsis
575:
548:Thyrea confusa
515:
512:
420:cyanobacterial
379:
376:
371:incertae sedis
218:
215:
182:
181:
180:
179:
167:
166:
160:
159:
153:
152:
148:
147:
141:
132:
131:
125:
124:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
95:Lichinomycetes
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2466:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2016:. p. 75.
2015:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1849:(in French).
1848:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1824:Phyllisciella
1818:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1784:(in German).
1783:
1776:
1768:
1765:(in German).
1764:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1742:(in French).
1741:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1599:(in German).
1598:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:"Lichinaceae"
1420:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1349:(1): 53–453.
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1268:(in German).
1267:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1153:
1150:(in French).
1149:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1056:Leotiomycetes
1053:
1052:Lichinodiales
1050:) and order (
1049:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1019:Watsoniomyces
1016:
1010:
1009:
1005:
999:
998:
994:
988:
987:
983:
977:
976:
972:
968:E.Dahl (1950)
966:
965:
961:
955:
954:
950:
944:
943:
939:
933:
932:
928:
922:
921:
917:
911:
910:
906:
900:
899:
895:
889:
888:
884:
878:
877:
873:
867:
866:
862:
858:Gyeln. (1939)
856:
855:
854:Pseudarctomia
851:
845:
844:
840:
834:
833:
829:
823:
822:
821:Phyllisciella
818:
812:
811:
810:Phylliscidium
807:
801:
800:
796:
790:
789:
785:
779:
778:
774:
768:
767:
763:
757:
756:
752:
746:
745:
741:
735:
734:
730:
724:
723:
719:
713:
712:
708:
702:
701:
697:
691:
690:
686:
680:
679:
675:
669:
668:
664:
658:
657:
653:
647:
646:
642:
636:
635:
631:
625:
624:
620:
614:
613:
609:
603:
602:
598:
594:Th.Fr. (1866)
592:
591:
587:
581:
580:
576:
570:
569:
565:
564:
563:
561:
557:
550:
549:
544:
538:
537:
532:
526:
525:
520:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
401:
396:
389:
385:
375:
373:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:, the family
351:
347:
346:AntonĂn VÄ›zda
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:
306:
301:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:circumscribed
214:
212:
208:
207:cyanobacteria
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
176:
171:
170:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
149:
144:
139:
138:
133:
130:
126:
121:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2161:
2120:(1): 23–39.
2117:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2082:
2078:
2069:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2013:
2007:
1990:
1986:
1983:Thermutopsis
1982:
1976:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1931:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1895:
1886:
1885:(in Latin).
1882:
1876:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1769:(6): 81–110.
1766:
1762:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1662:(in Latin).
1659:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1568:(1): 33–40.
1565:
1561:
1538:(1): 51–56.
1535:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1504:
1500:
1497:Digitothyrea
1496:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1457:
1433:. Retrieved
1426:
1412:
1385:
1375:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1318:(1): 58–69.
1315:
1311:
1305:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1118:
1112:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1041:
1039:
1034:Herre (1912)
1028:
1017:
1006:
997:Thermutopsis
995:
984:
973:
962:
951:
940:
929:
918:
909:Pyrenocarpon
907:
902:Vain. (1890)
898:Pterygiopsis
896:
885:
876:Pseudopaulia
874:
865:Pseudoheppia
863:
852:
847:Körb. (1855)
841:
830:
819:
808:
803:Sambo (1937)
797:
786:
775:
764:
753:
742:
731:
720:
715:Vain. (1890)
711:Leprocollema
709:
704:Körb. (1855)
698:
687:
682:Vain. (1907)
676:
665:
654:
649:Vain. (1929)
643:
638:Vain. (1929)
632:
621:
610:
601:Digitothyrea
599:
588:
583:Vain. (1890)
577:
566:
553:
546:
534:
522:
406:homoiomerous
381:
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:Harpidiaceae
343:
330:
308:
302:
294:Aino Henssen
291:
280:
276:
272:
266:
262:
220:
187:
185:
156:
135:
114:
38:
24:Lichinaceae
18:
2292:iNaturalist
2192:Lichinaceae
2186:Wikispecies
2162:Lichinaceae
2137:10115/29252
2108:Lichinodium
1889:: 147–207 .
1853:: 161–202 .
1705:Stromatella
1701:Metamelanea
1435:27 December
1366:10481/76378
1173:(115): 138.
1043:Lichinodium
942:Stromatella
931:Solorinaria
887:Psorotichia
836:Nyl. (1855)
755:Metamelanea
737:Nyl. (1872)
700:Lempholemma
645:Gyrocollema
612:Edwardiella
590:Cryptothele
508:corticolous
464:conidiomata
434:hamathecium
428:apotheciate
378:Description
339:synonymized
323:Lecanorales
251:endocarpous
233:resembling
188:Lichinaceae
172:Heppiaceae
115:Lichinaceae
2428:Categories
1916:: 443–449.
1811:: 456–470.
1746:: 466–472.
1666:: 193–208.
1626:: 168–181.
1603:: 349–351.
1343:Mycosphere
1062:References
1040:The genus
990:Fr. (1825)
957:Fr. (1825)
920:Pyrenopsis
843:Porocyphus
832:Phylliscum
770:FĂ©e (1836)
733:Lichinella
627:Fr. (1825)
504:saxicolous
458:in shape,
452:Ascospores
440:paraphyses
416:photobiont
319:photobiont
298:Lichinales
287:type genus
239:morphology
203:lichenized
196:ascomycete
129:Type genus
105:Lichinales
85:Ascomycota
81:Division:
2398:100386710
2253:FloraBase
2201:AusLichen
1910:Mycotaxon
1788:: 93–102.
1562:Mycologia
1404:429208213
1036:– 10 spp.
1014:– 13 spp.
986:Thermutis
975:Thelignya
959:– 30 spp.
953:Synalissa
926:– 40 spp.
904:– 17 spp.
893:– 50 spp.
772:– 10 spp.
739:– 30 spp.
706:– 35 spp.
689:Lemmopsis
629:– 13 spp.
574:– 21 spp.
480:ellipsoid
456:ellipsoid
358:Harpidium
292:In 1986,
277:Lichineae
273:Gonionema
255:biatorine
247:apothecia
243:fruticose
213:regions.
211:temperate
157:See text
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
2393:Tropicos
2331:MycoBank
2266:Fungorum
2206:30016310
2177:Q9286154
2171:Wikidata
2091:24520690
2061:34140146
1953:(2): 42.
1620:Hedwigia
1484:: 56–60.
1291:: 1–64.
1154:: 5–16 .
992:– 2 spp.
981:– 2 spp.
970:– 2 spp.
849:– 8 spp.
838:– 8 spp.
827:– 3 spp.
794:– 4 spp.
783:– 3 spp.
777:Peccania
761:– 3 spp.
744:Mawsonia
728:– 9 spp.
717:– 3 spp.
695:– 3 spp.
673:– 2 spp.
667:Jenmania
662:– 4 spp.
651:– 2 spp.
607:– 3 spp.
596:– 7 spp.
585:– 4 spp.
558:(in the
492:filiform
474:are non-
468:pycnidia
424:ascomata
388:crustose
333:forms a
263:Ephebeae
217:Taxonomy
164:Synonyms
143:C.Agardh
111:Family:
61:Domain:
2041:Bibcode
1740:Linnaea
1092:Bibcode
1025:– 1 sp.
1003:– 1 sp.
948:– 1 sp.
937:– 1 sp.
915:– 1 sp.
882:– 1 sp.
871:– 1 sp.
860:– 1 sp.
816:– 1 sp.
805:– 1 sp.
750:– 1 sp.
722:Lichina
684:– 1 sp.
640:– 1 sp.
618:– 1 sp.
496:hyaline
486:globose
476:septate
472:conidia
460:hyaline
444:amyloid
414:). The
394:peltate
362:Euopsis
282:Lichina
231:thallus
175:Zahlbr.
151:Genera
137:Lichina
101:Order:
91:Class:
2411:147718
2385:280216
2369:NZOR:
2362:157478
2323:500118
2310:107074
2297:174740
2245:1LICHF
2089:
2059:
1736:Paulia
1685:: 236.
1402:
1392:
1272:: 283.
1186:Paulia
1125:
1080:Heppia
1008:Thyrea
766:Paulia
656:Heppia
634:Finkia
623:Ephebe
514:Genera
470:. The
412:hyphae
402:) and
400:cortex
384:thalli
331:Heppia
310:Heppia
285:, the
275:, and
268:Ephebe
259:tribes
192:family
190:are a
177:(1906)
145:(1817)
122:(1854)
2406:WoRMS
2336:81718
2305:IRMNG
2271:81718
2258:23184
2087:JSTOR
568:Anema
498:. No
335:clade
235:algae
205:with
199:fungi
75:Fungi
2357:NCBI
2318:ITIS
2284:4104
2279:GBIF
2240:EPPO
2232:6132
2057:PMID
1703:and
1482:1866
1437:2022
1400:OCLC
1390:ISBN
1123:ISBN
448:Asci
382:The
360:and
315:asci
271:and
186:The
120:Nyl.
2344:NBN
2227:EoL
2219:C23
2214:CoL
2132:hdl
2122:doi
2049:doi
2037:125
1995:doi
1951:150
1738:".
1717:doi
1570:doi
1540:doi
1509:doi
1361:hdl
1351:doi
1320:doi
1316:120
1293:doi
1225:doi
1198:doi
1100:doi
1082:".
490:or
426:is
253:or
194:of
2430::
2408::
2395::
2382::
2359::
2346::
2333::
2320::
2307::
2294::
2281::
2268::
2255::
2242::
2229::
2216::
2203::
2188::
2173::
2130:.
2118:94
2116:.
2112:.
2081:.
2055:.
2047:.
2035:.
1991:22
1989:.
1949:.
1922:^
1914:82
1912:.
1908:.
1887:32
1845:.
1809:44
1803:.
1786:71
1767:41
1744:10
1713:21
1711:.
1691:^
1681:.
1664:56
1658:.
1624:46
1622:.
1618:.
1601:84
1595:.
1566:21
1564:.
1552:^
1536:18
1534:.
1505:24
1503:.
1480:.
1476:.
1445:^
1425:.
1398:.
1359:.
1347:13
1345:.
1341:.
1314:.
1287:.
1270:79
1251:16
1249:.
1237:^
1221:22
1219:.
1194:18
1192:.
1169:.
1146:.
1098:.
1088:35
1086:.
1070:^
1058:.
478:,
442:,
390:,
289:.
2140:.
2134::
2124::
2106:"
2093:.
2083:2
2063:.
2051::
2043::
2001:.
1997::
1902:"
1851:3
1723:.
1719::
1683:7
1589:"
1576:.
1572::
1546:.
1542::
1515:.
1511::
1439:.
1406:.
1369:.
1363::
1353::
1326:.
1322::
1299:.
1295::
1289:1
1231:.
1227::
1204:.
1200::
1171:5
1152:2
1131:.
1106:.
1102::
1094::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
