252:
1190:
330:
305:
1108:
78:
The naming of ligases is inconsistent and so these enzymes are commonly known by several different names. Generally, the common names of ligases include the word "ligase", such as in
60:
can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.
1101:
1094:
1007:
690:
1134:
56:
of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds. For example,
871:
1153:
1023:
842:
716:
755:
368:
947:
94:
new molecules. There are also some ligases that use the name "carboxylase" to indicate that the enzyme specifically catalyzes a
895:
861:
1000:
683:
399:
1086:
962:
372:
967:
90:
fragments. However, many common names use the term "synthetase" or "synthase" instead, because they are used to
1059:
993:
957:
851:
974:
800:
676:
555:
145:
45:
193:
1180:
942:
937:
910:
820:
795:
780:
740:
1054:
932:
856:
815:
775:
765:
760:
745:
725:
656:
643:
630:
617:
604:
591:
578:
540:
1125:
1020:
825:
750:
735:
707:
550:
504:
447:
122:
63:
In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B:
805:
785:
770:
730:
452:
1049:
922:
830:
810:
790:
270:
155:
952:
668:
473:
392:
1044:
880:
545:
189:
985:
109:. Commonly, the two terms are used interchangeably and are both used to describe ligases.
8:
1162:
1075:
509:
358:
197:
442:
217:
1116:
1210:
1167:
885:
488:
483:
457:
385:
285:
257:
201:
164:
125:
classification of enzymes. Ligases can be further classified into six subclasses:
535:
519:
432:
173:
160:
151:
141:
135:
129:
1194:
927:
573:
514:
227:
101:
To note: biochemical nomenclature has sometimes distinguished synthetases from
1204:
1036:
478:
437:
95:
49:
427:
354:
236:
222:
91:
29:
651:
586:
422:
1143:
265:
168:
83:
79:
57:
53:
20:
625:
599:
177:
19:
This article is about general ligases. For DNA specific ligases, see
1189:
280:
275:
102:
41:
106:
1117:
1032:
890:
699:
408:
144:
includes ligases used to form carbon-nitrogen bonds (including
37:
698:
176:
includes ligases used to form nitrogen-metal bonds, as in the
900:
612:
1015:
915:
905:
154:
includes ligases used to form carbon-carbon bonds, such as
377:
87:
16:
Class of enzymes that can form bonds between molecules
1178:
247:
355:Superfamilies of single-pass transmembrane ligases
240:(denoting an enzyme), yielding "binding enzyme".
138:includes ligases used to form carbon-sulfur bonds
132:includes ligases used to form carbon-oxygen bonds
1202:
82:, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology
207:
183:
1102:
1001:
684:
393:
331:"Synthetases - Ligases - Enzymes - Products"
1109:
1095:
1008:
994:
691:
677:
400:
386:
1203:
1120:: Phosphoric ester and nitrogen-metal
1090:
989:
756:D-alanineâpoly(phosphoribitol) ligase
672:
381:
371:from the Department of Chemistry at
234:, "to bind" or "to tie together") +
48:) of two molecules by forming a new
105:and sometimes treated the words as
13:
896:Von HippelâLindau tumor suppressor
14:
1222:
112:
1188:
862:Long-chain-fatty-acidâCoA ligase
373:Queen Mary, University of London
250:
73:
1060:Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase
958:Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
852:Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase
348:
323:
298:
163:includes ligases used to form
1:
291:
196:or anchored through a single
194:peripheral membrane proteins
188:Some ligases associate with
146:argininosuccinate synthetase
7:
407:
243:
208:Etymology and pronunciation
184:Membrane-associated ligases
10:
1227:
943:Holocarboxylase synthetase
938:Argininosuccinate synthase
911:Anaphase-promoting complex
117:Ligases are classified as
18:
1152:
1133:
1068:
1055:Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
1031:
1019:: carbon-carbon ligases (
975:Glutamateâcysteine ligase
933:Adenylosuccinate synthase
870:
841:
726:Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
715:
564:
556:MichaelisâMenten kinetics
528:
497:
466:
415:
448:Diffusion-limited enzyme
52:. This is typically via
1050:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
923:Glutathione synthetase
271:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
200:, for example certain
156:acetyl-CoA carboxylase
953:Asparagine synthetase
857:AcetylâCoA synthetase
541:EadieâHofstee diagram
474:Allosteric regulation
1045:Pyruvate carboxylase
881:Glutamine synthetase
551:LineweaverâBurk plot
190:biological membranes
66:A-OH + B-H â AâB + H
1163:Magnesium chelatase
1076:Polyketide synthase
359:Membranome database
335:www.axonmedchem.com
198:transmembrane helix
1137:: Phosphoric Ester
510:Enzyme superfamily
443:Enzyme promiscuity
204:related proteins.
1176:
1175:
1084:
1083:
983:
982:
874:: Carbon-Nitrogen
666:
665:
369:EC 6 Introduction
86:to join together
1218:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1168:Cobalt chelatase
1156:: Nitrogen-Metal
1111:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
986:
886:Ubiquitin ligase
693:
686:
679:
670:
669:
546:HanesâWoolf plot
489:Enzyme activator
484:Enzyme inhibitor
458:Enzyme catalysis
402:
395:
388:
379:
378:
361:
352:
346:
345:
343:
341:
327:
321:
320:
318:
316:
302:
286:Ubiquitin ligase
260:
258:Chemistry portal
255:
254:
253:
202:ubiquitin ligase
165:phosphoric ester
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1148:
1129:
1115:
1085:
1080:
1064:
1027:
1014:
984:
979:
866:
845:: Carbon-Sulfur
837:
719:: Carbon-Oxygen
711:
702:: CO CS and CN
697:
667:
662:
574:Oxidoreductases
560:
536:Enzyme kinetics
524:
520:List of enzymes
493:
462:
433:Catalytic triad
411:
406:
365:
364:
353:
349:
339:
337:
329:
328:
324:
314:
312:
306:"IntEnz - EC 6"
304:
303:
299:
294:
256:
251:
249:
246:
218:combining forms
210:
186:
167:bonds, such as
115:
76:
69:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1198:
1197:
1174:
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1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1130:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1079:
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1072:
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1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1013:
1012:
1005:
998:
990:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
971:
970:
965:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
928:CTP synthetase
925:
920:
919:
918:
913:
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903:
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883:
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867:
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823:
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582:
568:
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561:
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553:
548:
543:
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532:
530:
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525:
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522:
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501:
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498:Classification
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460:
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185:
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139:
133:
114:
113:Classification
111:
75:
72:
67:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1223:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1169:
1166:
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1155:
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1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1037:carboxylation
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
991:
988:
976:
973:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
873:
869:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
847:
844:
840:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:Phenylalanine
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
723:
721:
718:
714:
709:
705:
701:
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689:
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682:
680:
675:
674:
671:
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622:
619:
615:
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602:
601:
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588:
583:
580:
576:
575:
570:
569:
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563:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
527:
521:
518:
516:
515:Enzyme family
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
500:
496:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Cooperativity
477:
475:
472:
471:
469:
465:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
438:Oxyanion hole
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
418:
414:
410:
403:
398:
396:
391:
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384:
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374:
370:
367:
366:
360:
356:
351:
336:
332:
326:
311:
310:www.ebi.ac.uk
307:
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195:
191:
179:
175:
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166:
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153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
126:
124:
120:
110:
108:
104:
99:
97:
96:carboxylation
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
64:
61:
59:
55:
51:
50:chemical bond
47:
44:the joining (
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
22:
1121:
1016:
948:GMP synthase
703:
652:Translocases
649:
638:
636:
623:
610:
597:
587:Transferases
584:
571:
428:Binding site
350:
338:. Retrieved
334:
325:
313:. Retrieved
309:
300:
235:
231:
221:
213:
211:
187:
118:
116:
100:
84:laboratories
77:
74:Nomenclature
65:
62:
33:
30:biochemistry
27:
25:
423:Active site
1144:DNA ligase
1035:dependent
821:Tryptophan
796:Methionine
781:Isoleucine
741:Asparagine
626:Isomerases
600:Hydrolases
467:Regulation
292:References
266:DNA ligase
226:(from the
178:chelatases
169:DNA ligase
98:reaction.
92:synthesize
80:DNA ligase
58:DNA ligase
54:hydrolysis
21:DNA ligase
816:Threonine
776:Histidine
766:Glutamine
761:Glutamate
746:Aspartate
505:EC number
212:The word
123:EC number
103:synthases
40:that can
1205:Category
1128:6.5-6.6)
826:Tyrosine
751:Cysteine
736:Arginine
710:6.1-6.3)
529:Kinetics
453:Cofactor
416:Activity
281:Protease
276:Nuclease
244:See also
107:synonyms
46:ligation
42:catalyze
1211:Ligases
1195:Biology
1122:ligases
1118:Enzymes
1017:Ligases
806:Proline
786:Leucine
771:Glycine
731:Alanine
704:ligases
700:Enzymes
639:Ligases
409:Enzymes
121:in the
1181:Portal
1033:Biotin
891:Cullin
831:Valine
811:Serine
791:Lysine
613:Lyases
340:May 2,
315:May 2,
232:ligÄre
214:ligase
174:EC 6.6
161:EC 6.5
152:EC 6.4
142:EC 6.3
136:EC 6.2
130:EC 6.1
38:enzyme
36:is an
34:ligase
1069:Other
901:UBE3A
565:Types
230:verb
228:Latin
216:uses
916:UBR1
906:Mdm2
657:list
650:EC7
644:list
637:EC6
631:list
624:EC5
618:list
611:EC4
605:list
598:EC3
592:list
585:EC2
579:list
572:EC1
342:2023
317:2023
237:-ase
223:lig-
119:EC 6
32:, a
1154:6.6
1135:6.5
1024:6.4
872:6.3
843:6.2
717:6.1
357:in
220:of
192:as
88:DNA
28:In
1207::
1126:EC
1021:EC
968:II
708:EC
333:.
308:.
70:O
1183::
1124:(
1110:e
1103:t
1096:v
1026:)
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
963:I
706:(
692:e
685:t
678:v
659:)
655:(
646:)
642:(
633:)
629:(
620:)
616:(
607:)
603:(
594:)
590:(
581:)
577:(
401:e
394:t
387:v
344:.
319:.
148:)
68:2
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.