1249:
1259:
1238:
1269:
65:
of called party and in more modern line-signaling protocols, the calling party as well. While register signaling occurs, line signaling remains quiescent unless the calling party goes on-hook or an abnormal cessation of the call occurs, such as due to equipment malfunction or shutdown or due to
96:
Line signaling can also be conveyed within the channels being supervised, as in the original T1 scheme which used one out of every eight bits for supervision, or with
513:
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1205:
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140:
856:
404:
206:
967:
962:
17:
987:
126:
1262:
1023:
920:
463:
258:
230:
27:
1252:
759:
199:
1293:
1111:
1033:
972:
679:
67:
883:
844:
689:
589:
518:
451:
278:
1242:
484:
419:
372:
332:
1081:
1066:
910:
861:
784:
684:
362:
248:
243:
30:
1003:
789:
604:
549:
544:
357:
322:
905:
709:
674:
594:
574:
496:
384:
305:
82:
238:
819:
779:
749:
506:
441:
263:
97:
8:
829:
769:
528:
490:
288:
273:
1056:
1013:
944:
814:
744:
719:
654:
501:
222:
58:
1096:
1018:
932:
915:
878:
724:
554:
523:
389:
283:
136:
105:
764:
85:
telecommunications, line signaling is represented by the ABCD bits in DS0 #16 of an
1101:
1061:
1041:
1008:
937:
895:
809:
664:
649:
624:
599:
559:
409:
268:
253:
90:
62:
729:
584:
352:
327:
315:
927:
799:
774:
734:
704:
579:
414:
367:
342:
300:
171:
38:
1287:
1076:
849:
839:
754:
644:
639:
629:
614:
436:
295:
132:
50:
954:
794:
739:
669:
634:
569:
468:
458:
310:
54:
42:
1154:
804:
714:
699:
659:
619:
478:
1159:
866:
564:
473:
429:
399:
377:
101:
1144:
609:
424:
191:
86:
1139:
1129:
1046:
871:
694:
108:, e.g. as in L1 signaling where 2280 Hz tone pulses are used.
78:
34:
172:"Bell System | AT&T, Monopoly, Telecommunication | Britannica"
1134:
1119:
337:
70:
outage upstream in that call-attempt's series of spanned trunks.
46:
1164:
1124:
446:
1149:
1086:
394:
57:
and vice versa. After an off-hook, line signaling initiates
49:
unidirectional supervision messaging in each direction from
1091:
74:
158:
Switching and
Signaling in Telecommunication Network
1285:
124:
207:
1222:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
73:Line signaling can be conveyed in a single
1258:
214:
200:
128:The Essential Guide to Telecommunications
16:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1286:
221:
195:
1268:
155:
33:. Line signaling is responsible for
13:
14:
1305:
1267:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1236:
857:Free-space optical communication
164:
149:
118:
61:to accomplish the exchange of
18:Signaling (telecommunications)
1:
111:
1243:Telecommunication portal
1024:Telecommunications equipment
28:telecommunications signaling
7:
760:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
89:or a selected DS0 within a
10:
1310:
464:Telecommunications history
15:
1231:
1173:
1110:
1072:Public Switched Telephone
1032:
996:
953:
894:
884:telecommunication circuit
845:Fiber-optic communication
828:
590:Francis Blake (telephone)
537:
385:Optical telecommunication
229:
983:Orbital angular-momentum
420:Satellite communications
259:Communications satellite
156:Sakhawat, Hossen Rakib.
125:Annabel Z. Dodd (2002).
862:Molecular communication
685:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
514:Undersea telegraph line
249:Cable protection system
1004:Communication protocol
790:Charles Sumner Tainter
605:Walter Houser Brattain
550:Edwin Howard Armstrong
358:Information revolution
978:Polarization-division
710:Narinder Singh Kapany
675:Erna Schneider Hoover
595:Jagadish Chandra Bose
575:Alexander Graham Bell
306:online video platform
820:Vladimir K. Zworykin
780:Almon Brown Strowger
750:Charles Grafton Page
405:Prepaid mobile phone
333:Electrical telegraph
770:Johann Philipp Reis
529:Wireless revolution
491:The Telephone Cases
348:Hydraulic telegraph
968:Frequency-division
945:Telephone exchange
815:Charles Wheatstone
745:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
720:Innocenzo Manzetti
655:Reginald Fessenden
390:Optical telegraphy
223:Telecommunications
176:www.britannica.com
59:register signaling
1294:Telephony signals
1281:
1280:
1019:Store and forward
1014:Data transmission
928:Network switching
879:Transmission line
725:Guglielmo Marconi
690:Internet pioneers
555:Mohamed M. Atalla
524:Whistled language
133:Prentice Hall PTR
106:in-band signaling
63:telephone numbers
1301:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1112:Notable networks
1102:Wireless network
1042:Cellular network
1034:Types of network
1009:Computer network
896:Network topology
810:Thomas A. Watson
665:Oliver Heaviside
650:Philo Farnsworth
625:Daniel Davis Jr.
600:Charles Bourseul
560:John Logie Baird
269:Data compression
264:Computer network
216:
209:
202:
193:
192:
186:
185:
183:
182:
168:
162:
161:
153:
147:
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131:(3rd ed.).
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898:
890:
831:
824:
730:Robert Metcalfe
585:Tim Berners-Lee
533:
353:Information Age
225:
220:
190:
189:
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160:. ResearchGate.
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135:. p. 219.
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963:Space-division
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823:
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817:
812:
807:
802:
800:Camille Tissot
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
775:Claude Shannon
772:
767:
765:Tivadar Puskás
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
735:Antonio Meucci
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
705:Charles K. Kao
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
680:Harold Hopkins
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
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637:
632:
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622:
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612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
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582:
580:Emile Berliner
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
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547:
541:
539:
535:
534:
532:
531:
526:
521:
519:Videotelephony
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510:
509:
504:
494:
487:
482:
476:
471:
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415:Radiotelephone
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365:
360:
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301:Internet video
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163:
148:
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116:
115:
113:
110:
104:format, or as
39:ringing signal
26:is a class of
24:Line signaling
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1295:
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1291:
1289:
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1234:
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1190:
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1020:
1017:
1015:
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1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
995:
989:
988:Code-division
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Time-division
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
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946:
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934:
931:
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929:
926:
922:
919:
918:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
901:
899:and switching
897:
893:
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882:
881:
880:
877:
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869:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
851:
850:optical fiber
848:
847:
846:
843:
841:
840:Coaxial cable
838:
837:
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827:
821:
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766:
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761:
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755:Radia Perlman
753:
751:
748:
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738:
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733:
731:
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723:
721:
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673:
671:
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653:
651:
648:
646:
645:Lee de Forest
643:
641:
640:Thomas Edison
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Donald Davies
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:Claude Chappe
613:
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488:
486:
483:
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477:
475:
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467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Smoke signals
457:
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439:
438:
437:Semiconductor
435:
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296:Digital media
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142:0-13-064907-4
138:
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130:
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99:
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92:
88:
84:
80:
77:channel of a
76:
71:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:calling party
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
19:
955:Multiplexing
830:Transmission
795:Nikola Tesla
785:Henry Sutton
740:Samuel Morse
670:Robert Hooke
635:Amos Dolbear
570:John Bardeen
489:
469:Telautograph
373:Mobile phone
328:Edholm's law
311:social media
244:Broadcasting
179:. Retrieved
175:
166:
157:
151:
127:
120:
95:
81:. In modern
72:
55:called party
43:ground start
23:
22:
1155:NPL network
867:Radio waves
805:Alfred Vail
715:Hedy Lamarr
700:Dawon Kahng
660:Elisha Gray
620:Yogen Dalal
545:Nasir Ahmed
479:Teleprinter
343:Heliographs
98:robbed bits
1201:Antarctica
1160:Toasternet
1082:Television
565:Paul Baran
497:Television
481:(teletype)
474:Telegraphy
452:transistor
430:Phryctoria
400:Photophone
378:Smartphone
368:Mass media
181:2024-02-03
112:References
102:superframe
41:, answer,
1185:Americas
1174:Locations
1145:Internet2
906:Bandwidth
610:Vint Cerf
507:streaming
485:Telephone
425:Semaphore
316:streaming
31:protocols
1288:Category
1253:Category
1140:Internet
1130:CYCLADES
1047:Ethernet
997:Concepts
921:terminal
872:wireless
695:Bob Kahn
538:Pioneers
363:Internet
254:Cable TV
35:off-hook
1273:Commons
1263:Outline
1216:Oceania
1135:FidoNet
1120:ARPANET
933:circuit
502:digital
231:History
68:network
47:on-hook
1211:Europe
1181:Africa
1165:Usenet
1125:BITNET
1062:Mobile
938:packet
447:MOSFET
442:device
239:Beacon
139:
1194:South
1189:North
1150:JANET
1087:Telex
1077:Radio
916:Nodes
911:Links
832:media
410:Radio
395:Pager
323:Drums
289:video
284:image
274:audio
100:of a
79:trunk
1206:Asia
1092:UUCP
1052:ISDN
137:ISBN
1097:WAN
1067:NGN
1057:LAN
338:Fax
279:DCT
83:PCM
75:DS0
53:to
1290::
174:.
93:.
91:T1
87:E1
45:,
37:,
1224:)
1220:(
215:e
208:t
201:v
184:.
145:.
20:.
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