2099:* Schouten (1995): "The death of Basava certainly did not bring the Virasaiva movement to an end Virasaivism gained a firm foothold in Hindu culture. In this process of consolidation, it was felt to be appropriate to emphasize the agreements, rather than the deviations, with the dominant religion. Hence, the Virasaivas tended to present themselves as pure Hindus who shared the age-old religious tradition. This went so far that the role of Basava as the founder of the movement was downplayed. Virasaivas even claimed that their school of thought already existed long before Basava. In their imagination, they sometimes traced the history of Virasaivism back to primordial times. Legends arose among them which related that five teachers, sprung from the five faces of Siva, descended to earth, in each of the ages of the world under different names, in order to preach the eternal truth of Virasaivism. Basava would have been nothing more than a reviver of this religion which had existed from times immemorial."
997:
supporting
Lingayatism as "not Hinduism" attracted almost 200,000 people, while the issue further divides the Lingayat and Veerashaiva communities, and various opinions exist within the Lingayat and Veerashaiva communities. According to India Today, "Veerashaivas claim that the two communities are one and the same," while orthodox Lingayats claim that they are different. Veerashaivas further "owe allegiance to various religious centres (mutts), the Lingayats mostly follow their own gurus." Nevertheless, some mutts support the campaign for the status of a separate religion, while "others content to be counted as a caste within Hinduism."
1727:
756:
1197:
2101:* Bairy: ", mentions that many Lingayaths took objections to him mentioning Basava as the founder of Veerashaivism in his writings. Finding that very strange and unfathomable, he asks a Lingayath friend about the reasons for this. The friend tells him how that very question - of whether Basava is the founder of Veerashaivism (accepting which would not only mean that it is dated to as recent as the twelfth century but also subverts the Panchacharya tradition which claimed a more antiquarian past) or just a reformer - was a major bone of contention between the two sections of Lingayaths.
1757:
1583:(work) and the transformative potential of "one's work in the here and now". According to Schouten, Siddharama and Allama debated the doctrine of karma as the law of work and merit, but Allama persuaded Siddharama that such merit is a low-level mechanism, and real mystical achievement transcends "the sphere of works and rewards" and is void of self-interest. These ideas, states Schouten, are similar to those found in Bhagavad Gita which teaches "work must be done without any attachment to the results".
6640:
1689:– one of the important pilgrimage sites for Lingayats, and other historic temples, the Shiva temple is operated and maintained by Lingayat priests. Many rural Lingayat communities include the images of Shiva, Parvati and Ganesha in their wedding invitations, while Ganesha festivities are observed by both rural and urban Lingayats in many parts of Karnataka. Colonial-era reports by British officials confirm that Lingayats observed Ganesha Chaturthi in the 19th century.
706:, "Lingayats are followers of Basavanna," while Veerashaivism is a Vedic Shaiva tradition, which "accepts the Vedic text." Basava's reform movement attracted Shaivite Brahmins from Andhra Pradesh; a century after Basava, "their descendants started mixing practices from their former religion with Lingayatism." Basava's teachings also got mixed-up with Vedic teachings because much sharana literature was lost after the exile of sharana authors from the Bijjala kingdom.
1035:
7164:
676:. According to Iyer and other scholars, the Lingayatism theology emerged as a definitive egalitarian movement in this theological milieu, growing rapidly beyond north Karnataka. The Lingayats, states Burjor Avari quoting Jha, were "extremely anti-Jain". The Veerashaiva philosophy enabled Lingayats to "win over the Jains to Shiva worship". The Lingayats were also anti-Brahmin as evidenced by the polemics against the Brahmins in early Veerashaiva literature.
7174:
46:
1350:
6193:
6184:
468:
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202:
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538:, a form of devotional poetry. The tradition also emphasizes Kayaka (work) and Dasoha (service) as forms of worship, underscoring the sanctity of labor and service to others. Unlike mainstream Hinduism, Lingayatism rejects scriptural authority of vedas and puranas, ritualistic practices, and the concept of rebirth, promoting a direct, personal experience of the divine.
736:, while "Veerashaivas' claim that the two communities are one and the same," orthodox Lingayats claim that they are different. Lingayats claim that Veerashaivas do not truly follow Basava, accept Vedic literature, and "worship idols of Lord Shiva." Veerashaivas further "owe allegiance to various religious centres (mutts), the Lingayats mostly follow their own gurus."
1896:
philosophical thought pertaining to the
Lingayata. It was presided over by the mystic Allamaprabhu, and numerous sharanas from all over Karnataka and other parts of India were participants. This institution also helped propagate Lingayatism religious and philosophical thought. Akka Mahadevi, Channabasavanna and Basavanna himself were participants in the
968:
as well as their exogamous relationships with the royal family. Lingayats persisted in their claims for decades, and their persistence was strengthened by
Lingayat presence within the government, and a growing level of literacy and employment in journalism and the judiciary. In 1926, the Bombay High Court ruled that "the Veerashaivas are not Shudras."
964:, Lingayats traditionally believed themselves to be equal in status to Brahmins, and some orthodox Lingayats were so anti-Brahmin that they would not eat food cooked or handled by Brahmins. The egalitarian Lingayats, states Srinivas, had been a major force in Sanskritization of Kannada-speaking (Karnataka) and nearby regions but against elitism.
1157:
after death. This remark about "rejecting rebirth" was repeated by others, states
Schrader, and it led to the question whether Lingayatism is a religion distinct from other Indian religions such as Hinduism where metempsychosis and rebirth is a fundamental premise. According to Schrader, Dubois was incorrect and Lingayat texts such as
1960:. Currently, 16 castes of Lingayats have been accorded the OBC status by the Central Government. According to one of the estimates by a Lingayat politician around 7 per cent of people in Lingayat community come under SC and STs. Veerashaiva Lingayats get OBC reservation at state level in both Karnataka and Telangana.
2199:* The Hindu (11 December 2000): "Mallaradhya, who became a prominent politician after his retirement from the IAS, had laid claim to the non-Hindu tag in the mid-Seventies at a time when the Devaraj Urs government had appointed the First Karnataka Backward Class Commission, headed by Mr. L.G.Havanur."
1000:
In March 2018, the
Nagamohan Das committee advised "to form a separate religion status for the Lingayats community." In response, the Karnataka government approved this separate religious status, a decision which was decried by Veerashaivas. It recommended the Indian government to grant the religious
861:
After initially supporting Basava, king
Bijjala II disagreed with Basava's rejection of caste distinctions. In 1167 the Veerashaivas were repressed, and most of them left Kalyāna, Bijjala's new capital, spreading Basava's teachings into a wider area in southern India. The king was assassinated by the
2228:
disagrees, stating that "Lingayats are
Veerashaivas, we are Hindus" and considers this as creating religious differences, dividing people and politicizing of religion. According to the Indian Times, "both Lingayats and Veerashaivas have been strong supporters of the saffron party for over a decade,"
1009:
Lingayatism is often considered a Hindu sect. because it shares beliefs with Indian religions, and "their beliefs are syncretistic and include an assemblage of many Hindu elements, including the name of their god, Shiva, who is one of the chief figures of the Hindu pantheon." Its worship is centred
980:
According to
Ramanujan, "A modern attempt was made to show Lingayats as having a religion separate from Hindu when Lingayats received discrete entry in the Indian constitution of 1950." Individuals and community leaders have made intermittent claims for the legal recognition of either being distinct
1679:
Lingayats believe that the human body is a temple. In addition, they have continued to build the community halls and Shaiva temple traditions of South India. Their temples include Shiva linga in the sanctum, a sitting Nandi facing the linga, with mandapa and other features. However, the prayers and
1578:
and repeatedly mention it in their Shiva poetry. For example, states
Ramanujan, Mahadeviyakka mentions karma and resulting chain of rebirths that are cut short by bhakti to Shiva. Lingayatism has the concepts of karma and dharma, but the Lingayatism doctrine of karma is not one of fate and destiny.
1173:
confirm that metempsychosis is a fundamental premise of
Lingayatism. According to Schrader, Lingayats believe that if they live an ethical life then this will be their last life, and they will merge into Shiva, a belief that has fed the confusion that they do not believe in rebirth. According to R.
971:
According to Schouten, in the early 20th century Lingayats tried to raise their social status, by stressing the specific characteristics of their history and of their religious thought as being distinctive from the Brahmin-dominated Hindu-culture. In the 1910s, the narrative of Basava and Allama as
967:
After being placed in the shudra category in the 1881 census, Lingayats demanded a higher caste status. This was objected and ridiculed by a Brahmin named Ranganna who said that Lingayats were not Shaiva Brahmins given their eclectic occupations that included washermen, traders, farmers and others,
659:
philosophy and theology as well as the movement, states Blake Michael, while Lingayata refers to the modern community, sect or caste that adheres to this philosophy. In the contemporary era, some state that Veerashaiva is a (sub)tradition within Lingayatism with Vedic influences, and these sources
533:
Lingayatism is known for its unique practice of Ishtalinga worship, where adherents carry a personal linga symbolizing a constant, intimate relationship with Shiva. A radical feature of Lingayatism is its staunch opposition to the caste system and advocacy for social equality, challenging societal
1156:
Indologist F. Otto Schrader was among early scholars who studied Lingayat texts and its stand on metempsychosis. According to Schrader, it was Abbe Dubois who first remarked that Lingayatism rejects metempsychosis – the belief that the soul of a human being or animal transmigrates into a new body
637:
Historically, Lingayats were known as "Virashaivas" or "ardent, heroic worshippers of Shiva." According to Blake Michael, Veerashaivism refers both to a "philosophical or theological system as well as to the historical, social and religious movement which originated from that system." Lingayatism
1324:
Other scholars state that Lingayatism is more complex than the description of the Veerashaiva scholar Sripati. It united diverse spiritual trends during Basava's era. Jan Peter Schouten states that it tends towards monotheism with Shiva as the godhead, but with a strong awareness of the monistic
870:
After Basava's death, Shaivism consolidated its influence in southern India, meanwhile adjusting to Hindu orthodoxy. Basava's nephew Channabasava organised the community and systematised Virasaiva theology, moving the Virashaiva community toward the mainstream Hindu culture. Basava's role in the
2155:
Bairy: "The Panchacharya tradition, the Mathas which belonged to it and the (upper) castes which owed their allegiance to them were accused by those espousing the Viraktha tradition of actively collaborating with the Brahmins in order to defame the 'progressive' twelfth century movement, which
1611:
According to Virasaivism, skilful work and service to one's community, without discrimination, is a means to experiencing the divine, a sentiment that continues to be revered in present-day Virasaivas. According to Jan Peter Schouten, this doctrine is philosophically rooted in the more ancient
953:
In early decades of the 19th century, the Lingayats were described by British officials such as Francis Buchanan as a conglomeration of Hindu castes with enormous diversity and eclectic, egalitarian social system that accepted converts from all social strata and religions. However, the British
923:
The Virasaivas were an important part of the Vijayanagara empire army. They fought the Bijapur Sultans, and the Virasaiva leader Sadasiva Nayaka played a key role in leading the capture of Sultanate fortress such as at Gulbarga. This success led to Nayaka being appointed as the governor of the
726:
According to Sri Sharanbasava Devaru of Charanteshwar Mutt, interviewed in 2013, Lingayatism is a separate religion, distinct from the Hindu cultural identity, while Veerashaivism is a Shaivite sect "based on Vedic philosophy." Sri Sharanbasava Devaru further states that Veerashaivism "started
996:
In 2017, the demands for a separate religious identity gained further momentum on the eve of the 2018 elections in Karnataka. While the Congress party supports the calls for Lingayatism as a separate religion, the BJP regards Lingayats as Veerashaivas and Hindus. In August 2017, a rally march
988:
started a campaign for recognition of "Veerashaivas or Lingayats" as a non-Hindu religion, and a separate listing in the Census. Recognition as a religious minority would make Lingayats "eligible for rights to open and manage educational institutions given by the Constitution to religious and
2210:
Arguments centre on the wording of legislation, such as "This Act applies to a Hindu by religion... including Veerashaiva, a Lingayat," making a distinction between Lingayats and Veerashaivas. Others opposed the campaign, noting that "the population of Lingayats would be mentioned separately
2185:
According to S.M. Jamdar, "who is spearheading the demand" in 2017/2018 for recognition of Lingayats as a separate religion, and M.B. Patil, Chandan Gowda also claims that "the Lingayats were recorded as a caste within the Hindu religion for the first time in the 1881 census done in Mysore
2224:, "to outflank the BJP in a poll year." According to India Today, reporting August 2017, the ruling Congress party has publicly endorsed that Lingayatism is a separate religious group, not Hinduism. In contrast, the BJP Party leader, former Karnataka chief minister and a Lingayat follower
1895:
literally means the "hall of spiritual experience". It has been a Lingayat institution since the time of Basava, serving as an academy of mystics, saints and poet-philosophers for discussion of spiritual and mundane questions of life, in open. It was the fountainhead of all religious and
871:
origins of Shaivism was downplayed, and a mythology developed in which the origins of Veerashaivism were attributed to the five Panchacharyas, descending to earth in the different world-ages to teach Shaivism. In this narrative, Basava was regarded as a reviver of this ancient teaching.
618:. The adherents of Lingayatism are known as "Lingayats". In historical literature, they are sometimes referred to as Lingawants, Lingangis, Lingadharis, Sivabhaktas, Virasaivas or Veerashaivas. The term Lingayat is based on the practice of both genders of Lingayats wearing an
1624:, and which means "I am He". This social ethic is also found among other Hindu communities of South India, and includes community provisioning of grains and sharing other essentials particularly with poorer members of society and those affected by natural or other disasters.
828:
traditions, over the 7th- to 11th-century. However, Basava championed devotional worship that rejected temple worship with rituals led by Brahmins, and emphasized personalised direct worship of Shiva through practices such as individually worn icons and symbols like a small
660:
have been seeking a political recognition of Lingayatism to be separate from Veerashaivism, and Lingayatism to be a separate religion. In contrast, Veerashaivas consider the two contemporary (sub)traditions to be "one and the same community" belonging to Hinduism.
2229:
and historian A. Veerappa notes that "Congress has carefully crafted a divide within the Lingayat community by fuelling the issue," cornering BJP-leader Yeddyurappa on the issue, who "has been forced to stress the common identity of Lingayats and Veerashaivas."
1073:
is made up of a small blue-black stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tear. It is viewed as a "living, moving" divinity of the Lingayat devotee. Every day, the devotee removes the
695:, which was written in Sanskrit, and gives an elaboration of "the primitive traits of Veerashaivism in the Vedas and the Upanishads" and "the concrete features given to it in the latter parts (Uttarabhaga) of the Saivagamas." While Veerashaivas regard the
2175:
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "According to South Indian oral tradition, he was the actual founder of the Lingayats, but study of Kalachuri inscriptions indicates that, rather than founding a new sect, he in fact revived an existing
5726:
932:
region (Karnataka-Andhra Pradesh border region). After the collapse of the Vijayanagara empire, the Lingayat Keladi/Ikkeri dynasty ruled the coastal Karnataka till the invasion and their defeat by Hyder Ali seeking a Mysore-based Sultanate.
6083:
2035:
Ramanujan (1973): "But we believe Lingayats to be Hindus because their beliefs are syncretistic and include an assemblage of many Hindu elements, including the name of their god, Shiva, who is one of the chief figures of the Hindu
2281:
1148:
While they accept the concept of transmigration of soul (metempsychosis, reincarnation), they believe that Lingayats are in their last lifetime, and believe that will be reunited with Shiva after their death by wearing the
954:
officials also noted the endogamous tradition and hereditary occupations of many Lingayats, which made their classification difficult. In the 1871 and the 1881 colonial era census of British India, Lingayats were listed as
904:
grew out of the scholarly discussions in an Anubhava Mantapa, and according to Bill Aitken, these were "compiled at the Vijayanagara court during the reign of Praudha Deva Raya". Similarly, the scripture of Lingayatism
1654:
is wrapped in a cloth housed in a small silver and wooden box. It is to be worn on the chest, over the seat of the indwelling deity within the heart. Some people wear it on the chest or around the body using a thread.
1684:
priests but by Lingayat priests. The temple format is simpler than those of Jains and Hindus found in north Karnataka. In some parts of Karnataka, these temples are samadhis of Lingayat saints, in others such as the
1300:(soul) is the body of God, and that there is no difference between Shiva and Atman (self, soul), Shiva is one's Atman, one's Atman is Shiva. Sripati's analysis places Lingayatism in a form closer to the 11th century
6053:
2201:* Encyclopedia Britannica: "In the early 21st century some Lingayats began to call for legal recognition by the Indian government as a religion distinct from Hinduism or, alternatively, as a caste within Hinduism."
1643:
and provides the ishtalinga to the mother, who then ties it to her own ishtalinga until birth. At birth the mother secures the new ishtalinga to her child. Upon attaining the age of 8–11 years, the child receives
722:
tradition criticised "he Panchacharya tradition, the Mathas which belonged to it and the (upper) castes which owed their allegiance to them" for their support of Brahmins and their deviation from Basava's ideals.
709:
According to Gauri Lankesh, Veerashaivism is preserved and transmitted by five peethas (Rambhapuri, Ujjaini, Kedar, Shreeshail, Kashi), which play an essential role in the Veerashaiva tradition. In contrast, the
5955:
2165:
Encyclopedia Britannica: "Basava, (flourished 12th century, South India), Hindu religious reformer, teacher, theologian, and administrator of the royal treasury of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I (reigned
936:
The Virasaiva dynasty Nayaka rulers built major 16th to 18th-century shrines and seminaries of Lingayatism, repaired and built new Hindu and Jain temples, sponsored major Hindu monasteries such as the Advaita
6009:
6028:
4492:
2854:, Quote: "In the long run, however, their influence in Karnataka waned owing to the rise of the Lingayat sect of the Virashaivas, led by a saint known as Basav. The Lingayats were extremely anti-Jain."
5721:
2220:
In July 2017, Congress – the political party in power in Karnataka – formed a team to "evolve public opinion in favour of declaring Veerashaiva Lingayat community as a separate religion", according to
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4459:
4517:
5915:
6075:
1650:
from the family Guru to know the proper procedure to perform pooja of ishtalinga. From birth to death, the child wears the Linga at all times and it is worshipped as a personal ishtalinga. The
840:.Basavanna rejected gender or social discrimination, and caste distinctions, as well as some extant practices such as the wearing of sacred thread, and replaced this with the ritual of wearing
1234:
is that void and distinctions which a spiritual journey seeks to fill and eliminate. It is the described as state of union of one's soul with the infinite Shiva, the state of blissful moksha.
1136:
Thus bhakti progresses from external icon-aided loving devotional worship of Shiva to deeper fusion of awareness with abstract Shiva, ultimately to advaita (oneness) of one's soul and god for
4538:
Out of 99 castes listed within the Lingayat community, about 20 come under SC and another 15 come under OBC...According to sources, about 7 per cent of Lingayats come under SC/ST category.
1912:, especially in North and Central Karnataka with a sizeable population native to South Karnataka. Lingayats have been estimated to be about 16% of Karnataka's population and about 6-7% of
5848:
2247:
Levinson & Christensen (2002): "The Lingayats are a Hindu sect concentrated in the state of Karnataka (a southern provincial state of India), which covers 191,773 square kilometres."
2059:
For an overview of the Shaiva Traditions, see Flood, Gavin, "The Śaiva Traditions", in: Flood (2003), pp. 200–228. For an overview that concentrates on the Tantric forms of Śaivism, see
4229:
2273:
5539:
4787:
668:
The origins of Lingayatism is traced to the 11th- and 12th-century CE in a region that includes northern Karnataka and nearby districts of South India. This region was a stronghold of
5809:
972:
the "founding pillars" of the Lingayats gained new importance for the identity of parts of the Lingayat-community, with other parts responded with rejection of this "resurrection."
5985:
2197:* Ramanuja (1973): "A modern attempt was made to show Lingayats as having a religion separate from Hindu when Lingayats received discrete entry in the Indian constitution of 1950.
1569:
as "worship, ritual", while others translate it as "work, labour". The slogan is attributed to Basava, and generally interpreted to signify a work ethic for all social classes.
1883:
Lingayatism considers the Vedas as a means, but not the sanctimonious end. It rejected various forms of ritualism and the uncritical adherence to any text including the Vedas.
6045:
5780:
5141:
1767:
Several works are attributed to the founder of Lingayatism movement, Basava, and these texts are revered in the Lingayat community. In particular, these include various
5945:
3612:
1726:
858:(or, the "hall of spiritual experience"), which welcomed men and women from all socio-economic backgrounds to discuss spiritual and mundane questions of life, in open.
993:
president was still lobbying for recognition of Lingayatism as a separate religion, arguing that Lingayatism rejects the social discrimination propagated by Hinduism.
898:. The Lingayats likely were a part of the reason why Vijayanagara succeeded in territorial expansion and in withstanding the Deccan Sultanate wars. The Lingayat text
6006:
1733:
781:
The traditional legends and hagiographic texts state Basava to be the founder of the Lingayats and its secular practices. He was a 12th-century Hindu philosopher,
6110:
1608:. Regardless of one's vocation, Lingayatism suggests giving and donating a part of one's time, effort and income to one's community and to religious mendicants.
6025:
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2303:
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Blake Michael, rebirth and ways to end rebirth was extensively discussed by Basava, Allama Prabhu, Siddharameshawar and other religious saints of Lingayatism.
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4525:
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Mangaldas, Aditi; Vaidyanathan, Nirupama (2014), "Aditi Mangaldas: Interviewed by Nirupama Vaidyanathan", in Katrak, Ketu H.; Ratnam, Anita (eds.),
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Ishwaran, K. (1981). Bhakti Tradition and Modernization: the case of Lingayatism. In Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements (pp. 72-82). Brill.
1257:
idea of Vedanta, that is the eternal unchanging metaphysical reality as "personified void". Alternate names for this concept of Hinduism, include
2132:
According to Chandan Gowda, these five mathas "predate Basava." Yet, according to Schouten, monasteries of the older Saiva schools, "such as the
1337:, states Schouten, in that Basava emphasises the path of devotion, compared to Shankara's emphasis on the path of knowledge—a system of monistic
5845:
2050:
Roshen Dalal (2010): "The linga is worshipped by all Shaivites, but it is the special emblem of the Lingayats or Virashaivas, a Shaivite sect."
774:
Shaivism, which was supported by the ruling classes, was dominant, and in control of the monasteries. The Sharana-movement was inspired by the
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4771:
4272:"Book reviews and notices : K. ISHWARAN: Religion and sotiety among the Lingayats of South India. New Delhi: Vikas, 1983. 155 pp. Rs 75"
928:. Another group of Virasaivas merchants turned warriors of the Vijayanagara empire were successful in defeating the Deccan Sultanates in the
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1153:. Lingayats are not cremated, but "are buried in a sitting, meditative position, holding their personal linga in the right hand."
878:," were taken over by the Virasaivas. Two kinds of monastic orders developed. Due to their roots in the traditional schools, the
638:
refers to the modern adherents of this religion. The term Lingayats came to be commonly used during the British colonial period.
580:. Lingayatism has its own pilgrimage places, temples, shrines and religious poetry based on Shiva. Today, Lingayats, along with
5774:
5125:
1565:
is a slogan in Veerashaivism. It means "work is heaven" or "to work is to be in the Lord's Kingdom ". Some scholars translate
257:
2156:
apparently spoke against caste distinctions and often incurred the displeasure of the upper castes within the Lingayath fold."
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Lingayatism is generally considered a Hindu sect because their beliefs include many Hindu elements. Worship is centered on
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can be performed at any age, it is usually performed when a fetus in the womb is 7–8 months old. The family Guru performs
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6983:
2328:
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Schouten, J. P. (1995). Revolution of the mystics: On the Social Aspects of Vīraśaivism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
854:(loving devotion) to god Shiva. As the chief minister of his kingdom, he introduced new public institutions such as the
687:, namely Renukacharya, Darukacharya, Ekorama, Panditharadhya, and Vishweswara, and first taught by Renukacharya to sage
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alongside those of Arya Samajists and a few others considered as subgroups of Hinduism in the final Census figures."
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According to Venugolan, the Lingayatism views on karma and free will is also found in some early texts of Hinduism.
1220:, in a series of Kannada language texts, is equated with the Virashaiva concept of the Supreme. In particular, the
2082:* Roshen Dalal (2010): "Lingayats or Virashaivas, a Shaivite sect."; "A Shaivite sect, also known as Virashaivas."
770:, which started in the 11th century, is regarded by some as the start of Veerashaivism. It started in a time when
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7218:
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The Origins of Vīraśaiva Sects: A Typological Analysis of Ritual and Associational Patterns in the Śūnyasaṃpādane
1329:. Schouten calls this as a synthesis of Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita and Shankara's Advaita traditions, naming it
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5030:
2398:
886:"constituted the true Virasaiva monastic organisation, shaped by the ideals of Basava and his contemporaries."
6076:"Karnataka recommends minority status for Lingayat community: Will it impact Congress, BJP in upcoming polls?"
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family with a tradition of Shaivism. As a leader, he developed and inspired a new devotional movement named
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2071:, edited by Stephen Sutherland, Leslie Houlden, Peter Clarke and Friedhelm Hardy, London: Routledge, 1988.
1469:, the eight-fold armour that shields the devotee from extraneous distraction and worldly attachments. The
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6293:
7208:
7046:
6925:
1381:
Sadāchāra – Attention to vocation and duty, and adherence to the seven rules of conduct issued by
1208:(sacred ash on forehead) are other symbols adopted as a constant reminder of one's principles of faith.
699:
to predate Basava, it may actually have been composed in the 13th or 14th century, post-dating Basava.
7223:
7021:
6968:
6678:
5648:
1686:
794:
489:
6723:
4773:
Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History [3 volumes]
4236:, The Print, Quote: "For instance, he questioned the celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi by Lingayats "
1928:
in medieval era. The Lingayat diaspora can be found in countries around the world, particularly the
716:
monastic organisation upheld "the ideals of Basava and his contemporaries." According to Bairy, the
553:, with philosophical foundations similar to those of the 11th–12th-century South Indian philosopher
7016:
6657:
6488:
5753:
4460:"Karnataka govt. scraps Muslim quota of 4%, increases quota of Lingayats and Vokkaligas by 2% each"
2136:," were taken over by the Virasaivas. Two kinds of monastic orders developed, the more conservative
17:
1105:
Lingayatism teaches a path to an individual's spiritual progress, and describes it as a six-stage
7056:
6530:
318:
1868:, but they did not outright reject the Vedic knowledge. The 13th-century Telugu Virashaiva poet
1196:
7051:
7026:
6973:
6207:
6026:'Veerashaivas are Lingayats and they are Hindus, no question of separate religion': Yeddyurappa
2396:(eds.). "The Tangled Roots of Vīraśaivism: On the Vīramāheśvara Textual Culture of Srisailam".
2393:
755:
4803:
4739:
3646:
3549:
2904:
2825:
2644:
7243:
7107:
7036:
5194:
5010:
4626:
4189:
4138:
3923:
3444:
3379:
2811:
2717:
2602:
798:
7198:
6955:
6758:
6730:
6595:
6461:
1953:
1744:
1527:
727:
gaining importance only after 1904 with some mutts mixing Veerashaivism with Lingayatism."
692:
482:
210:
156:
5897:
1880:
and the shastras." Somanatha repeatedly stated that "he was a scholar of the four Vedas".
1450:
as the supreme divine being and upholding the equality and well-being of all human beings.
1378:
Lingāchāra – Daily worship of the individual Ishtalinga icon, one to three times day.
1265:
in certain texts. However, both in Lingayatism and various flavors of Vaishnavism such as
820:, or "ardent, heroic worshippers of Shiva". This movement shared its roots in the ongoing
8:
7006:
7001:
6664:
6521:
6257:
2827:
India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Subcontinent from c. 7000 BCE to CE 1200
2626:
1876:—a scripture of Veerashaivas, for example asserted, "Virashaivism fully conformed to the
1869:
1834:
1296:
terms, stating Lingayatism to be a form of qualified non-dualism, wherein the individual
1285:
concept of Buddhism. However, there is some overlap, such as in the works of Bhima Bhoi.
895:
513:
323:
267:
6334:
5871:
4919:
Princely India Re-imagined: A Historical Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to the present
3903:
7031:
6940:
6787:
6765:
6349:
5260:
5228:
Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the Successor States 1350-1750
5182:
4998:
4981:
Ishwaran, K. (1980), "Bhakti, Tradition and Modernization: The Case of "Lingayatism"",
4291:
4002:
3525:
3517:
2455:
2431:
589:
328:
4868:
A History of Indian Literature, 500–1399: From Courtly to the Popular, Sahitya Akademi
2084:* Encyclopedia Britannica: Encyclopedia Britannica: "Lingayat, also called Virashaiva"
1022:. They believe that they will be reunited with Shiva after their death by wearing the
945:. They also started new towns and merchant centres in coastal and interior Karnataka.
7173:
7167:
7149:
7087:
6737:
6629:
6447:
6400:
5688:
5561:
5507:
5472:
5440:
5407:
5389:
5371:
5353:
5323:
5303:
5285:
5267:
5232:
5200:
5131:
5099:
5058:
5026:
5002:
4955:
4923:
4891:
4871:
4841:
4809:
4777:
4745:
4725:
4686:
4654:
4422:
4295:
4195:
4144:
4105:
3929:
3652:
3529:
3385:
3346:
3304:
3233:
2910:
2871:
2831:
2650:
2459:
2447:
2439:
2423:
2019:* Encyclopedia Britannica: "Lingayat, also called Virashaiva, member of a Hindu sect"
1969:
1357:
925:
894:
In the 14th-15th century, a Lingayat revival took place in northern Karnataka in the
850:, by every person regardless of his or her birth, to be a constant reminder of one's
456:
415:
5436:
The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen
2682:
Wolf, Herbert C. (1978). "The Linga as Center: A Study in Religious Phenomenology".
1333:, that is monism fused with Shakti beliefs. But Basava's approach is different than
1001:
minority status to the sect. Central Government later declined this recommendation.
313:
7097:
7092:
7082:
7011:
6935:
6887:
6829:
6819:
6809:
6802:
6782:
6709:
6431:
6421:
6354:
6344:
5174:
4990:
4283:
3994:
3985:
Venugopal, C. N. (1990). "Reformist Sects and the Sociology of Religion in India".
3509:
2691:
2415:
2060:
1897:
1756:
1701:
1667:. Devout Lingayats do not consume meat of any kind including fish. The drinking of
1613:
1297:
942:
581:
577:
550:
451:
173:
5978:"How Religious Minority Status to Lingayats would Impact Karnataka Elections 2018"
1602:
means "service", and more specifically "service to other Lingayats" including the
7177:
7072:
6902:
6850:
6590:
6468:
6329:
6324:
6252:
6032:
6013:
5919:
5878:
5852:
5784:
5762:
5730:
5627:
5555:
5466:
5434:
5317:
5226:
5093:
5052:
4949:
4917:
4885:
4835:
4680:
4648:
4233:
4099:
3340:
3298:
3269:
3227:
2865:
1860:
Lingayat (Veerashaiva) thinkers rejected the custodial hold of Brahmins over the
1830:
1812:
1802:
1736:
1718:
1706:
1640:
1301:
1222:
1080:
821:
790:
767:
472:
364:
349:
252:
144:
126:
5776:
Siddhanta Shikhamani: The one hundred one sthala doctrine. A concise composition
2695:
2493:
Rice, E. P. (1982). a History of Kannada literature. Asian educational services.
1281:
1200:
A necklace with pendant containing linga symbol of Shiva are worn by Lingayats.
924:
coastal Karnataka Kanara region. This emerged as a Lingayat dynasty, called the
7041:
6648:
6151:
5167:
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
4994:
4558:
4287:
2620:
2274:"CM Devendra Fadnavis to get demand for Lingayat quota examined by state panel"
1933:
1833:
biographical epic poem which narrates the life story of Basava, was written by
961:
938:
900:
572:) of major religious leaders of their sect, as well as Hindu festivals such as
189:
1795:
and Basava were at the forefront of this development during the 12th century.
7192:
6945:
6917:
6824:
6548:
6370:
6339:
6314:
6242:
6237:
5950:
5692:
4018:
4016:
2451:
2427:
1929:
1917:
1873:
1825:
1817:
1761:
1353:
1246:
1227:
1039:
907:
703:
647:
385:
359:
354:
242:
237:
138:
132:
5620:
4415:
Singh, Kumar Suresh; Bhanu, B. V.; India, Anthropological Survey of (2004).
1837:
in 13th-century, and an updated 14th-century Kannada version was written by
6870:
6845:
6744:
6716:
6671:
6639:
6380:
6375:
6319:
5723:
Karnataka Lingayat religion row: Congress' decision a blow for BJP? updates
4590:. Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of Telangana. p. 7.
1807:
1334:
1313:
1125:
the phase of surrender (awareness of no distinction in god and soul, self),
912:
395:
390:
369:
150:
5386:
A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar
4227:
Kalburgi & Lankesh questioned Lingayats, Modi & Rahul courted them
4013:
1519:
778:, and emphasised personal religious experience over text-based dogmatism.
6993:
6879:
6751:
6288:
6278:
6247:
5300:
Poetics of Conduct: Oral Narrative and Moral Being in a South Indian Town
3342:
Poetics of Conduct: Oral Narrative and Moral Being in a South Indian Town
2225:
1913:
1471:
1370:
1242:
1187:
1183:
1034:
836:
Basavanna spread social awareness through his poetry, popularly known as
732:
561:
522:
308:
298:
247:
201:
87:
36:
4580:
4551:"CASTE LIST Government Order No.SWD 225 BCA 2000, Dated:30th March 2002"
4101:
Village, Caste, Gender, and Method: Essays in Indian Social Anthropology
2435:
1501:
1368:
describe the five codes of conduct to be followed by the Lingayats. The
7132:
6907:
6860:
6573:
6283:
6140:
6134:
6046:"Will welcome it if CM contests from north Karnataka, says Yeddyurappa"
5186:
4006:
3521:
3500:
Srinivas, M.N. (1956). "A Note on Sanskritization and Westernization".
1921:
1838:
1664:
1191:
842:
802:
782:
573:
333:
303:
185:
1507:
6897:
6685:
6612:
6568:
6385:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2475:
Ramanujan, A. K. (Ed.). (1973). Speaking of Śiva (Vol. 270). Penguin.
2146:
which were faithful to "the ideals of Basava and his contemporaries."
2133:
2021:* Levinson & Christensen (2002): "The Lingayats are a Hindu sect"
1937:
1909:
1792:
1536: – reciting the mantra of "Namah Shivaya: (salutation to Shiva)"
1382:
1201:
1051:
918:
875:
806:
771:
631:
565:
400:
262:
97:
77:
45:
5178:
5160:, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 50–52
4445:
Yeotmal District Volume A Descriptive: By C. Brown and R. V. Russell
3998:
3513:
3022:
3020:
1697:
They celebrate most of the Hindu festivals and their own festivals;
1288:
Sripati, a Veerashaiva scholar, explained Lingayatism philosophy in
6892:
6855:
6792:
6617:
6578:
6563:
6553:
6543:
6511:
6262:
5158:
Voyages of body and soul: selected female icons of India and beyond
3645:
Waghorne, Joanne Punzo; Cutler, Norman; Narayanan, Vasudha (1996).
2962:
2419:
1925:
1305:
929:
825:
775:
688:
673:
597:
593:
554:
517:
112:
6192:
6183:
5464:
4741:
The fabrics of culture: the anthropology of clothing and adornment
3694:
3440:
3202:
2598:
2517:
7144:
6607:
6600:
6426:
6405:
6395:
4682:
Bhima Bhoi, Verses from the Void: Mystic Poetry of an Oriya Saint
3954:
3648:
Gods of Flesh, Gods of Stone: The Embodiment of Divinity in India
3628:
3626:
3296:
3017:
1865:
1681:
1617:
1556:
1513:
1498: – reverence for Shiva ascetics as incarnations of divinity;
1495:
1349:
1338:
1326:
1309:
1293:
1275:
956:
813:
786:
669:
535:
446:
169:
5946:"A medieval poet bedevils India's most powerful political party"
4951:
The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory
4310:"ಹಿರೇಮಲ್ಲೂರು ಈಶ್ವರನ್ ಜನ್ಮ ಶತಮಾನೋತ್ಸವ: ಸಮಾಜವನ್ನೇ ಧೇನಿಸಿದ ಶಕಪುರುಷ"
3032:
2779:
2777:
2443:
1341:
philosophy widely discussed in Karnataka in the time of Basava.
624:
contained inside a silver box with a necklace all the time. The
534:
norms of the time. Its philosophical tenets are encapsulated in
7139:
7127:
6797:
6700:
6696:
6585:
6558:
6232:
6217:
6146:
5404:
Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Vīraśaivism
5282:
The Many Colors of Hinduism: A Thematic-historical Introduction
5023:
Lingayat Religion - Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements
4713:
Being Brahmin, Being Modern: Exploring the Lives of Caste Today
4064:
3758:
3756:
3754:
1668:
1646:
1604:
1533:
1129:
851:
847:
759:
750:
679:
According to a tradition which developed after Basava's time,
610:
441:
293:
288:
232:
64:
50:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5846:
Why Lingayat-Veerashaiva feud is bad news for BJP in Karnataka
5468:
Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats
3623:
2330:
Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats
2123:, and summarizing research by S.M. Jamdar and Basavaraj Itnal.
1128:
the last stage of complete union of soul and god (liberation,
526:, since the 12th-century adherents of this faith are known as
53:, 12th-century statesman, philosopher, poet and Lingayat saint
6622:
6538:
6390:
5795:
5793:
4169:
2774:
1949:
1877:
1621:
1574:
1485:
1447:
1054:
1015:
1011:
975:
911:
was completed in 1369 during the reign of Vijayanagara ruler
830:
542:
405:
4948:
Ikegame, Aya (2013b). Peter Berger; Frank Heidemann (eds.).
4805:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
4251:
4076:
4052:
4040:
3966:
3881:
3879:
3864:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3768:
3751:
3711:
3709:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3581:
3056:
3044:
2573:
6480:
5929:
5420:
Schrader, F. Otto (1924). "Lingāyatas and Metempsychosis".
4350:
4348:
4346:
3891:
3828:
3780:
3613:"Centre refuses to recognise Lingayat as separate religion"
3075:
3073:
3071:
2789:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
1861:
1548:
1479:
948:
585:
283:
5790:
5640:
4485:"Cabinet defers decision on inclusion of Lingayats in OBC"
4384:
4360:
4187:
3840:
3117:
3115:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2722:. Mittal Publications. pp. 81–82. GGKEY:HRFC6GWCY6D.
2618:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
1177:
889:
6098:
5350:
Siva's Warriors: The Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha
4333:
4331:
4028:
3876:
3809:
3741:
3739:
3706:
3677:
3461:
3449:
3175:
3007:
3005:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2906:
Critical Humanities from India: Contexts, Issues, Futures
2745:
2743:
2741:
2505:
2074:
1456:
Ganāchāra – Defence of the community and its tenets.
1058:
6007:
Now, government bats for separate religion for Lingayats
4343:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3726:
3724:
3422:
3410:
3300:
Western Karnataka: Its Agrarian Relations A.D. 1500-1800
3090:
3088:
3068:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2561:
2538:
2471:
2469:
2304:"Telangana state has around 15 lakh Lingayat population"
1908:
Lingayats today are found predominantly in the state of
1791:. Saints and Sharanas like Allamaprabhu, Akka Mahadevi,
6038:
5054:
Religion and society among the Lingayats of South India
4396:
3644:
3638:
3571:
3569:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3163:
3112:
2755:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2336:
1846:
Religion and society among the Lingayats of South India
1360:, a temple and pilgrimage site linked to Guru Basavanna
634:, the absolute reality and icon of their spirituality.
5674:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5666:
4722:
Hindu deities, demi-gods, godlings, demons, and heroes
4372:
4328:
4239:
4140:
Re-Use-The Art and Politics of Integration and Anxiety
3736:
3593:
3495:
3493:
3151:
3127:
3100:
3002:
2983:
2738:
1635:
is the ceremony of initiation among Lingayats. Though
1540:
6137:, N.C. Sargant (1963), University of Florida Archives
5155:
3792:
3721:
3192:
3190:
3085:
2968:
2935:
2466:
1504: – sipping the water used for bathing the Linga;
1453:
Bhrityāchāra – Compassion towards all creatures.
1122:
Linga in life breath (god dwells in his or her soul),
874:
Monasteries of the older Saiva schools, "such as the
6104:
3566:
3554:
3473:
3139:
2359:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2103:* According to Aditi Mangaldas, in the 14th century
2087:
1948:
Today, the Lingayat community is a blend of various
865:
691:, a Vedic seer. A central text in this tradition is
5663:
5091:
4581:"STATE LIST OF BCs(List of BCs of Telangana State)"
4093:
4091:
3852:
3651:. Columbia University Press. pp. 184 note 15.
3490:
2638:
2636:
2532:
2141:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1388:
717:
711:
625:
619:
5755:Making Sense of the Lingayat vs Veerashaiva Debate
5504:Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections
5259:
5165:McCormack, William (1963), "Lingayats as a Sect",
3541:
3539:
3187:
1417:(Do not praise yourself*, i.e., practice humility)
1113:the individual starts with the phase of a devotee,
919:Ikkeri Nayakas, Keladi dynasty (16th-18th century)
5535:Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration
5422:Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
4887:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
4738:Cordwell, Justine M.; Schwarz, Ronald A. (1979),
4518:"Lingayat SCs, OBCs may not welcome minority tag"
4137:Hegewald, Julia A. B.; Mitra, Subrata K. (2012).
3925:A Populistic Community and Modernization in India
2259:
2189:
2029:
2027:
1084:, and then meditates about becoming one with the
1078:from its box, places it the in left palm, offers
1018:as the universal god in the iconographic form of
545:as the universal god in the iconographic form of
7190:
6181:
5557:Harbingers of Rain: Land and Life in South India
4104:. Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43, 111.
4088:
3229:The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara
2870:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 147–148.
2633:
6019:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5616:
5257:
4737:
4414:
3536:
3221:
3219:
3217:
1841:in 1369. Both are sacred texts in Lingayatism.
1674:
1273:is closer to the Hindu concept of metaphysical
5903:
5855:, India Today, Aravind Gowda, (24 August 2017)
5841:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5532:Sinha, Surajit; Saraswati, Baidyanath (1978),
5531:
4624:
3912:, pp. 116-117 with footnote 45 on p. 194.
3632:
3263:
3261:
3232:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 84–85.
2795:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2024:
1848:by internationally acclaimed social scientist
1798:Other important Lingayat literature includes:
882:monasteries were more conservative, while the
608:Lingayatism is derived from the Sanskrit root
6496:
6167:
5497:
4136:
3345:. Columbia University Press. pp. 74–77.
3334:
3332:
3274:. Karnatak University Press. pp. 34–41.
3267:
3062:
3050:
3038:
2902:
2392:Fisher, Elaine M. (August 2019). Copp, Paul;
2013:
2011:
1924:and kohlapur,konkan region and were traders,
1572:Lingayat poet-saints accepted the concept of
490:
5912:Lingayats renew demand for separate religion
5884:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5092:Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (2002),
5082:
3885:
3214:
5824:
5802:"Lingayat is an independent religion: Seer"
5633:
5593:
5465:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil (2002).
5432:
4625:Ahmmad, Aziz; Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1973),
4194:. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–72.
3834:
3371:
3258:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2684:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
2607:
2039:
1516: – smearing holy ash on oneself daily;
1482: – obedience towards Guru, the Mentor;
560:Contemporary Lingayatism is influential in
6503:
6489:
6174:
6160:
5716:
5714:
5388:, Indian Branch, Oxford University Press,
5347:
4837:Bhakta Charana Das (Medieval Oriya Writer)
4543:
4366:
4354:
4257:
3508:(4). Cambridge University Press: 481–496.
3329:
3297:Kodancha Gujjadi Vasantha Madhava (1991).
2909:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 143–145.
2622:Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Dháwár
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2115:
2113:
2008:
981:from Hinduism or a caste within Hinduism.
976:Separate religious identity (21st century)
497:
483:
5858:
5735:
5315:
5164:
5015:tradition and modernization: the case of
4883:
4769:
4378:
4269:
4191:Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur
3984:
3909:
3897:
3745:
3715:
2579:
2555:
6068:
6000:
5970:
5419:
5401:
5050:
5008:
4980:
4947:
4915:
4884:Gall, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (2009),
4390:
4175:
4097:
4082:
4058:
4046:
4022:
3972:
3960:
3921:
3870:
3774:
3762:
3700:
3688:
3599:
3545:
3499:
3467:
3455:
3181:
3169:
3133:
3121:
3106:
3011:
2996:
2944:
2807:
2768:
2749:
2702:
2642:
2511:
2370:
1771:(literally, "what is said") such as the
1755:
1547:
1348:
1212:
1195:
1033:
949:Varna-status debates (19th–20th century)
941:as well as forts and temples such as at
754:
744:
6016:, The New Indian Express (25 July 2017)
5898:Veerashaivas' campaign gaining momentum
5711:
5224:
5192:
4448:. Printed at the Baptist mission Press.
4034:
3786:
3441:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil 2002
3428:
3416:
3377:
2783:
2690:(3). Oxford University Press: 369–388.
2599:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil 2002
2585:
2327:Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil (),
2323:
2321:
2110:
2107:developed as a sub-sect of Lingayatism.
1178:Shiva: non-dualism and qualified monism
890:Vijayanagara Empire (15th–17th century)
762:, the influential leader of Lingayatism
14:
7191:
6086:from the original on 25 September 2019
5988:from the original on 19 September 2020
5958:from the original on 21 September 2017
5767:
5553:
5383:
5297:
4678:
4646:
4557:. Karnataka Government. Archived from
4512:
4510:
4479:
4477:
4337:
4070:
3858:
3338:
3208:
2980:M. Sivakumara Swamy, translator (2007)
2863:
2649:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 157–158.
2391:
1751:
1109:. This concept progressively evolves:
991:Akhila Bharatha Veerashaiva Mahasabha
986:Akhila Bharatha Veerashaiva Mahasabha
6484:
6155:
6113:from the original on 27 December 2012
6056:from the original on 11 November 2020
5799:
5678:
5651:from the original on 27 December 2012
5574:from the original on 15 February 2017
5453:from the original on 18 December 2019
5348:Rao, Velchuri; Roghair, Gene (2014),
5336:from the original on 15 February 2017
5279:
5213:from the original on 15 February 2017
5123:
5112:from the original on 14 February 2017
4968:from the original on 20 November 2021
4936:from the original on 27 February 2017
4854:from the original on 15 February 2017
4801:
4758:from the original on 15 February 2017
4719:
4710:
4699:from the original on 15 February 2017
4667:from the original on 15 February 2017
4495:from the original on 23 December 2020
4441:
3822:
3803:
3730:
3587:
3575:
3560:
3484:
3225:
3145:
3079:
3026:
2956:
2830:. Taylor & Francis. p. 285.
2823:
2625:. Government Central Press. pp.
2567:
2412:University of Chicago Divinity School
2353:
1943:
1855:
1441:(Do not be intolerant towards others)
989:linguistic minorities." In 2013, the
630:is an oval-shaped emblem symbolising
568:. Lingayats celebrate anniversaries (
27:Shaivism sect founded in 12th century
5699:from the original on 9 November 2020
5365:
5039:from the original on 26 January 2021
4983:Journal of Asian and African Studies
4770:Curta, Florin; Holt, Andrew (2016),
4245:
3993:. Oxford University Press: S.77–88.
3384:. Taylor & Francis. p. 43.
3196:
3094:
2884:from the original on 6 December 2017
2681:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2318:
1237:This Lingayat concept is similar to
72:Regions with significant populations
5909:Ataulla, Naheed (10 October 2013),
5720:Business Standard (20 March 2018),
4865:
4833:
4597:from the original on 11 August 2021
4507:
4474:
4402:
4188:Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere (2011).
3846:
3157:
2619:Sir James MacNabb Campbell (1884).
1886:
1319:
1119:the phase of the receiver of grace,
1050:Lingayat worship is centred on the
24:
5812:from the original on 14 April 2021
5800:Patil, Vijaykumar (7 April 2015).
5752:Gauri Lankesh (5 September 2017),
5542:from the original on 15 April 2021
5520:from the original on 15 April 2021
5485:from the original on 15 April 2021
5245:from the original on 15 April 2021
5144:from the original on 14 April 2021
5071:from the original on 15 April 2021
4790:from the original on 15 April 2021
4635:from the original on 15 April 2021
4617:
4208:from the original on 14 April 2021
4157:from the original on 15 April 2021
4118:from the original on 14 April 2021
3942:from the original on 14 April 2021
3398:from the original on 15 April 2021
3359:from the original on 15 April 2021
3317:from the original on 15 April 2021
3278:from the original on 15 April 2021
3246:from the original on 9 August 2019
2923:from the original on 15 April 2021
2844:from the original on 15 April 2021
2726:from the original on 15 April 2021
2663:from the original on 15 April 2021
2284:from the original on 5 August 2021
2065:Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions
1586:
1241:concept found in certain texts of
1004:
25:
7255:
6128:
5538:, N.K. Bose Memorial Foundation,
4904:from the original on 29 July 2020
4822:from the original on 27 June 2019
4276:Contributions to Indian Sociology
3928:. Brill Archive. pp. 29–30.
3665:from the original on 27 June 2019
2969:Mangaldas & Vaidyanathan 2014
2376:
866:Consolidation (12th–14th century)
7239:Sects that require vegetarianism
7172:
7163:
7162:
6638:
6216:
6191:
6182:
6035:, TNM News Minute (23 July 2017)
5926:. Retrieve don 28 November 2015.
5679:Gowda, Chandan (23 March 2018).
5630:, Encyclopedia Britannica (2015)
5428:. University of Vienna: 313–317.
5384:Sastri, Nilakanta K.A. (2002) ,
4573:
4452:
4435:
4408:
4302:
4263:
4220:
4181:
4130:
4025:, p. 111–113, 120, 140–141.
3978:
3915:
3605:
2241:
2232:
2214:
1725:
1658:
1065:. The Lingayats always wear the
466:
200:
44:
5368:A History of Kannada Literature
4143:. SAGE Publishing. p. 75.
3434:
3290:
2974:
2896:
2857:
2817:
2675:
2533:Levinson & Christensen 2002
2496:
2487:
2478:
2204:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2126:
2053:
1903:
1627:
1446:Sivāchāra – acknowledging
1344:
1088:, in their journey towards the
960:. According to the sociologist
846:necklace, with an image of the
5900:, The Hindu (11 December 2000)
5881:Encyclopedia Britannica (2012)
5587:
5370:, Asian Educational Services,
5352:, Princeton University Press,
5231:. Cambridge University Press.
4989:(1–2), Brill Academic: 72–76,
4628:Contributions to Asian Studies
2296:
2063:'s magisterial survey article
1999:
1990:
1981:
1460:
1095:
663:
614:"mark, symbol" and the suffix
13:
1:
5502:, in Ayyappappanikkar (ed.),
5433:Schuhmacher, Stephan (1994),
5302:, Columbia University Press,
5262:History of Kannada Literature
5051:Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1983),
5009:Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1981),
3922:Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1977).
3303:. Navrang. pp. 113–114.
2646:Social Change in Modern India
2253:
1712:
1687:Veerabhadra temple of Belgavi
1594:is the purpose and result of
1230:in a form of dialogue, where
1100:
1029:
651:have been used synonymously.
564:, especially in the state of
6510:
5498:Shiva Prakash, H.S. (1997),
5402:Schouten, Jan Peter (1995),
5284:, Rutgers University Press,
5266:, New Delhi: Penguin Books,
5258:Narasimhacharya, R. (1988),
5083:Klostermaier, Klaus (2010),
3381:Hinduism in the Modern World
1692:
1675:Temples and rites of passage
1522: – wearing a string of
1163:Anadi-virasaivasara-samgraha
1061:in the iconographic form of
603:
7:
5560:, Oxford University Press,
5130:, Saraswati House Pvt Ltd,
5095:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
4653:, Oxford University Press,
3211:, p. 109–110, 213–215.
3029:, p. 145-146 (note 8).
2408:University of Chicago Press
2142:
1963:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1226:texts present the ideas of
718:
712:
626:
620:
10:
7260:
7214:Social groups of Karnataka
6143:, William McCormack (1963)
6105:cultural.maharashtra.gov.
5193:Michael, R. Blake (1992),
4995:10.1177/002190968001500106
4834:Das, Chittaranjan (1994),
4612:
4288:10.1177/006996678401800220
3633:Sinha & Saraswati 1978
3378:Hatcher, Brian A. (2015).
2796:Ahmmad & Ishwaran 1973
2080:Lingayatism-Veerashaivism:
2005:4.2% of state's population
1716:
1492:on your body at all times;
1181:
1159:Viramahesvaracara-samgraha
1069:held with a necklace. The
824:, particularly the Shaiva
789:poet in the Shiva-focused
748:
739:
596:and others constitute the
7158:
7120:
7065:
6992:
6954:
6916:
6878:
6869:
6839:Festivals and observances
6838:
6775:
6695:
6679:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
6647:
6636:
6529:
6518:
6456:
6440:
6414:
6363:
6307:
6271:
6225:
6214:
6200:
6031:24 September 2017 at the
6012:24 September 2017 at the
5982:Kalaburagi Political News
5316:Ramanujan, A. K. (1973),
5021:, in Lele, Jayant (ed.),
4232:27 September 2018 at the
3502:The Far Eastern Quarterly
2864:Kuiper, Kathleen (2010).
2696:10.1093/jaarel/xlvi.3.369
1987:16% of state's population
1680:offerings are not led by
1510: – sacred offerings;
1425:(Do not criticize others)
1171:Lingait Paramesvara Agama
549:. Lingayatism emphasizes
184:
179:
168:
163:
124:
119:
111:
106:
96:
86:
76:
71:
63:
58:
43:
7098:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar
6658:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
5225:Michell, George (1995).
4720:Bunce, Fredrick (2010),
4679:Bäumer, Bettina (2010),
4270:Venugopal, C.N. (1984).
3703:, p. 9-10, 111-112.
1996:6% of state's population
1975:
1920:community is present in
1438:anyarige asahya padabeda
1204:beads (shown above) and
1143:
1116:the phase of the master,
797:during the reign of the
683:was transmitted by five
7234:Hinduism in South India
5626:2 February 2017 at the
5471:. Mittal Publications.
5406:, Motilal Banarsidass,
5199:, Motilal Banarsidass,
4098:Srinivas, M.N. (1998).
4073:, p. 71–76, 79–81.
3963:, p. 105-106, 114.
2643:Srinivas, M.N. (1995).
2394:Wedemeyer, Christian K.
805:(reigned 1157–1167) in
7229:Monotheistic religions
7219:Bhakti-era Hindu sects
6979:Tiruvanaikaval (Water)
5851:4 October 2017 at the
5298:Prasad, Leela (2012),
4916:Ikegame, Aya (2013a),
4802:Dalal, Roshen (2010),
4711:Bairy, Ramesh (2013),
4685:, Manohar Publishers,
4522:The New Indian Express
4367:Rao & Roghair 2014
4355:Rao & Roghair 2014
4258:Rao & Roghair 2014
3590:, p. 145, note 7.
3339:Prasad, Leela (2007).
3268:A. K. Shastry (1982).
3226:Stein, Burton (1989).
2903:D. Venkat Rao (2018).
2824:Avari, Burjor (2016).
2222:The New Indian Express
1764:
1559:
1526:(holy beads, seeds of
1361:
1331:Shakti-Vishishtadvaita
1209:
1047:
862:Veerashaivas in 1168.
763:
655:refers to the broader
6974:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
6272:Beliefs and practices
6052:. 18 September 2017.
5954:. 21 September 2017.
5918:12 April 2016 at the
5877:2 August 2017 at the
5783:26 March 2022 at the
5761:20 March 2018 at the
5729:21 March 2018 at the
5681:"Terms of separation"
5366:Rice, Edward (1982),
5124:Malik, Malti (1943),
4744:, Walter de Gruyter,
4647:Aitken, Bill (1999),
4421:. Popular Prakashan.
3987:Sociological Analysis
3849:, p. 9, 101–112.
3746:Curta & Holt 2016
3716:Curta & Holt 2016
3271:A History of Śriṅgēri
2786:, p. 18, note 1.
2580:Gall & Hobby 2009
2140:monasteries, and the
2069:The World's Religions
1759:
1663:Lingayats are strict
1579:Lingayats believe in
1551:
1401:(Do not kill or hurt)
1352:
1279:, rather than to the
1249:, such as the poetic
1213:Qualified non-dualism
1199:
1037:
758:
745:Basava (12th century)
520:. Initially known as
276:Beliefs and practices
180:Related ethnic groups
7204:Anti-caste movements
6956:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam
5621:Lingayat: Hindu sect
5280:Olson, Carl (2007),
5085:A Survey of Hinduism
4561:on 20 September 2014
4491:. 28 November 2020.
4178:, pp. 119, 167.
2867:The Culture of India
2716:L.K.A. Iyer (1965).
2399:History of Religions
1760:A vachana (poem) by
1528:Elaeocarpus ganitrus
1488: – wearing the
1406:husiya nudiyalu beda
1167:Sivatattva ratnakara
812:Basava grew up in a
697:Siddhanta Shikhamani
693:Siddhanta Shikhamani
157:Siddhanta Shikhamani
6984:Kanchipuram (Earth)
6969:Tirukalahasti (Air)
6964:Chidambaram (Ether)
6665:Shivarahasya Purana
6258:Palkuriki Somanatha
6141:Lingayats as a Sect
5554:Vasavi, R. (1999),
5506:, Sahitya Akademi,
4870:, Sahitya Akademi,
4840:, Sahitya Akademi,
4650:Divining the Deccan
3975:, pp. 106–107.
3789:, pp. 102–114.
3777:, pp. 314–315.
3765:, pp. 313–317.
3619:. 11 December 2018.
1870:Palkuriki Somanatha
1850:Hiremallur Ishwaran
1835:Palkuriki Somanatha
1785:Ghatachakra-vachana
1773:Shat-sthala-vachana
1752:Lingayat literature
1422:idira haliyalu beda
1409:(Do not utter lies)
896:Vijayanagara Empire
598:Shaivite population
473:Hinduism portal
40:
7083:Kailash Mansarovar
6788:Pashupata Shaivism
6766:Hara Hara Mahadeva
6350:Channabasavapurana
5924:The Times of India
4866:Das, S.K. (2005),
4631:, Brill Academic,
4442:Brown, C. (1908).
4405:, p. 161-163.
4085:, p. 119–120.
4061:, p. 113–114.
4049:, p. 138–141.
3873:, p. 111-112.
3825:, p. 388-389.
3160:, p. 161-162.
3082:, p. 239–240.
3063:Shiva Prakash 1997
3051:Shiva Prakash 1997
3041:, p. 168-169.
3039:Shiva Prakash 1997
2959:, p. 147-148.
2582:, p. 567–570.
2570:, p. 208–209.
2356:, p. 208-209.
2278:The Times of India
2195:Separate identity:
1944:Reservation status
1856:Vedas and shastras
1777:Kala-jnana-vachana
1765:
1620:mantra related to
1560:
1544:doctrine and karma
1414:thanna bannisabeda
1362:
1253:. It explains the
1245:, particularly in
1210:
1107:Satsthalasiddhanta
1048:
764:
514:Hindu denomination
188: •
172: •
154: •
148: •
142: •
136: •
130: •
32:
7209:Karnataka society
7186:
7185:
7116:
7115:
6478:
6477:
6422:Aum Namah Shivaya
6401:Basavana Bagewadi
6147:Lingayat Religion
6082:. 20 March 2018.
6080:Financial Express
5567:978-0-19-564421-0
5478:978-81-7099-867-9
5446:978-0-87773-980-7
5329:978-0-14-044270-0
5238:978-0-521-44110-0
5206:978-81-208-0776-1
5105:978-0-684-80617-4
5064:978-90-04-06919-0
5025:, Brill Archive,
4961:978-1-134-06111-2
4929:978-1-136-23909-0
4897:978-1-4144-4892-3
4847:978-81-7201-716-3
4815:978-0-14-341517-6
4808:, Penguin Books,
4751:978-3-11-163152-3
4692:978-81-7304-813-5
4660:978-0-19-564711-2
4528:on 11 August 2018
4428:978-81-7991-101-3
4316:. 30 October 2022
4260:, pp. 21–23.
4201:978-0-19-977764-8
4150:978-81-321-1666-0
4111:978-0-19-564559-0
4037:, pp. 40–45.
3886:Klostermaier 2010
3658:978-0-231-10777-8
3470:, pp. 81–84.
3458:, pp. 78–81.
3431:, pp. 71–72.
3419:, pp. 65–68.
3391:978-1-135-04630-9
3352:978-0-231-13920-5
3310:978-81-7013-073-4
3239:978-0-521-26693-2
2916:978-1-351-23492-4
2877:978-1-61530-149-2
2837:978-1-317-23672-6
2656:978-81-250-0422-6
2514:, pp. 52–56.
2067:, pp. 660–704 in
1970:List of Lingayats
1952:, consisting of
1789:Raja-yoga-vachana
1358:Bagalkot district
1169:(by Basava), and
1057:as the universal
926:Nayakas of Keladi
507:
506:
457:List of Lingayats
416:Basavana Bagewadi
195:
194:
39:
16:(Redirected from
7251:
7224:Indian religions
7176:
7166:
7165:
6876:
6875:
6820:Siddha Siddhanta
6783:Shaiva Siddhanta
6710:Om Namah Shivaya
6642:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6482:
6481:
6432:Anubhava Mantapa
6355:Prabhulingaleele
6345:Basavarajavijaya
6335:Shaivaite Agamas
6220:
6195:
6186:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6042:
6036:
6023:
6017:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5942:
5927:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5882:
5869:
5856:
5843:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5797:
5788:
5778:, by Linga Raju.
5771:
5765:
5750:
5733:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5676:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5637:
5631:
5618:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5429:
5416:
5398:
5380:
5362:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5319:Speaking of Śiva
5312:
5294:
5276:
5265:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5189:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5127:History of India
5120:
5119:
5117:
5088:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5005:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4880:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4734:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4596:
4585:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4533:
4524:. Archived from
4514:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4481:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4393:, p. 72-76.
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4341:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4248:, p. 53–54.
4243:
4237:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4095:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4011:
4010:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3900:, p. 35-36.
3895:
3889:
3883:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3835:Schuhmacher 1994
3832:
3826:
3820:
3807:
3801:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3734:
3728:
3719:
3713:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3497:
3488:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3223:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3185:
3184:, p. 14-15.
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3097:, p. 52-53.
3092:
3083:
3077:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3015:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2821:
2815:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2772:
2766:
2753:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2713:
2700:
2699:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2616:
2605:
2596:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2536:
2530:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2357:
2351:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2280:. 23 July 2019.
2270:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2061:Alexis Sanderson
2057:
2051:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2022:
2015:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1916:'s population..
1898:Anubhava Mantapa
1893:Anubhava Mantapa
1887:Anubhava Mantapa
1813:Shunya Sampadane
1729:
1702:Ganesh Chaturthi
1598:in Lingayatism.
1596:Kāyakavē Kailāsa
1563:Kayakave kailasa
1553:Kayakave Kailasa
1542:Kāyakavē Kailāsa
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1327:Ultimate Reality
1320:Qualified monism
1223:Shunya Sampadane
1046:in her left hand
856:Anubhava Mantapa
768:Sharana-movement
721:
715:
629:
623:
582:Shaiva Siddhanta
578:Ganesh Chaturthi
551:qualified monism
499:
492:
485:
471:
470:
469:
452:Anubhava Mantapa
319:Kāyakavē Kailāsa
204:
197:
196:
48:
41:
35:
31:
21:
7259:
7258:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7154:
7112:
7108:Vadakkum Nathan
7061:
6988:
6950:
6912:
6903:Madhyamaheshwar
6865:
6851:Maha Shivaratri
6834:
6771:
6724:Mahāmrityunjaya
6691:
6643:
6634:
6591:Ardhanarishvara
6525:
6514:
6509:
6479:
6474:
6469:Hinduism portal
6452:
6436:
6410:
6364:Pilgrim centers
6359:
6325:Shunyasampadane
6303:
6267:
6253:Channabasavanna
6221:
6212:
6196:
6180:
6131:
6126:
6116:
6114:
6103:
6099:
6089:
6087:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6059:
6057:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6033:Wayback Machine
6024:
6020:
6014:Wayback Machine
6005:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5961:
5959:
5944:
5943:
5930:
5920:Wayback Machine
5908:
5904:
5896:
5885:
5879:Wayback Machine
5870:
5859:
5853:Wayback Machine
5844:
5825:
5815:
5813:
5798:
5791:
5785:Wayback Machine
5772:
5768:
5763:Wayback Machine
5751:
5736:
5731:Wayback Machine
5719:
5712:
5702:
5700:
5677:
5664:
5654:
5652:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5628:Wayback Machine
5619:
5594:
5590:
5585:
5577:
5575:
5568:
5545:
5543:
5523:
5521:
5514:
5488:
5486:
5479:
5456:
5454:
5447:
5414:
5396:
5378:
5360:
5339:
5337:
5330:
5310:
5292:
5274:
5248:
5246:
5239:
5216:
5214:
5207:
5179:10.2307/2844333
5147:
5145:
5138:
5115:
5113:
5106:
5074:
5072:
5065:
5042:
5040:
5033:
4971:
4969:
4962:
4939:
4937:
4930:
4907:
4905:
4898:
4878:
4857:
4855:
4848:
4825:
4823:
4816:
4793:
4791:
4784:
4761:
4759:
4752:
4732:
4702:
4700:
4693:
4670:
4668:
4661:
4638:
4636:
4620:
4618:Printed sources
4615:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4564:
4562:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4531:
4529:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4483:
4482:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4462:. 24 March 2023
4458:
4457:
4453:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4369:, pp. 7–8.
4365:
4361:
4353:
4344:
4336:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4234:Wayback Machine
4225:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4202:
4186:
4182:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4151:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4112:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4069:
4065:
4057:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4021:
4014:
3999:10.2307/3711676
3983:
3979:
3971:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3892:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3810:
3802:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3752:
3744:
3737:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3691:, p. 9-10.
3687:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3659:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3624:
3617:Hindustan Times
3611:
3610:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3544:
3537:
3514:10.2307/2941919
3498:
3491:
3483:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3392:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3353:
3337:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3311:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3266:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3224:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3172:, pp. 5–6.
3168:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2917:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2878:
2862:
2858:
2847:
2845:
2838:
2822:
2818:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2756:
2748:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2714:
2703:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2657:
2641:
2634:
2617:
2608:
2597:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2539:
2531:
2518:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2390:
2377:
2369:
2360:
2352:
2337:
2326:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2306:. 20 April 2018
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2040:
2034:
2033:Shared beliefs:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1966:
1946:
1906:
1889:
1858:
1844:The book named
1803:Shunyasampadane
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1741:Sharana Sahitya
1737:Vachana Sahitya
1735:
1730:
1721:
1719:Vachana Sahitya
1715:
1707:Maha Shivaratri
1695:
1677:
1671:is prohibited.
1661:
1630:
1589:
1587:Dāsoha doctrine
1546:
1463:
1347:
1322:
1302:Vishishtadvaita
1290:Srikara Bhashya
1255:Nirguna Brahman
1215:
1194:
1182:Main articles:
1180:
1146:
1103:
1098:
1032:
1007:
1005:Characteristics
978:
951:
921:
892:
868:
822:Bhakti movement
795:social reformer
791:Bhakti movement
753:
747:
742:
666:
606:
503:
467:
465:
378:Pilgrim centers
365:Shunyasampadane
350:Vachana sahitya
253:Channabasavanna
145:Shunyasampadane
127:Vachana sahitya
54:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7257:
7247:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7170:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7124:
7122:
7121:Related topics
7118:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7078:Brihadeeswarar
7075:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:Ramanathaswamy
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6922:
6920:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6884:
6882:
6873:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6832:
6830:Shaiva Smartas
6827:
6822:
6817:
6815:Veera Shaivism
6812:
6810:Trika Shaivism
6807:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6705:
6703:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6682:
6675:
6668:
6661:
6653:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6610:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6535:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6508:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6485:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6465:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6415:Related topics
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6376:Basava Kalyana
6373:
6371:Koodalasangama
6367:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6179:
6178:
6171:
6164:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6138:
6130:
6129:External links
6127:
6125:
6124:
6097:
6067:
6037:
6018:
5999:
5969:
5928:
5902:
5883:
5857:
5823:
5789:
5787:Kindle Edition
5766:
5734:
5710:
5662:
5641:"shaivam.org,
5632:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5566:
5551:
5529:
5512:
5495:
5477:
5462:
5445:
5430:
5417:
5413:978-8120812383
5412:
5399:
5394:
5381:
5377:978-8120600638
5376:
5363:
5359:978-0691604879
5358:
5345:
5328:
5313:
5309:978-0231139212
5308:
5295:
5291:978-0813540689
5290:
5277:
5272:
5255:
5237:
5222:
5205:
5190:
5162:
5153:
5136:
5121:
5104:
5089:
5080:
5063:
5057:, E.J. Brill,
5048:
5031:
5006:
4978:
4960:
4945:
4928:
4913:
4896:
4881:
4877:978-8126021710
4876:
4863:
4846:
4831:
4814:
4799:
4782:
4767:
4750:
4735:
4730:
4717:
4708:
4691:
4676:
4659:
4644:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4572:
4542:
4506:
4473:
4451:
4434:
4427:
4407:
4395:
4383:
4379:McCormack 1963
4371:
4359:
4342:
4340:, p. 104.
4327:
4301:
4282:(2): 335–337.
4262:
4250:
4238:
4219:
4200:
4180:
4168:
4149:
4129:
4110:
4087:
4075:
4063:
4051:
4039:
4027:
4012:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3934:
3914:
3910:Ramanujan 1973
3902:
3898:Ramanujan 1973
3890:
3875:
3863:
3851:
3839:
3837:, p. 202.
3827:
3808:
3806:, p. 244.
3791:
3779:
3767:
3750:
3735:
3733:, p. 263.
3720:
3718:, p. 575.
3705:
3693:
3676:
3657:
3637:
3635:, p. 107.
3622:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3578:, p. 145.
3565:
3563:, p. 144.
3553:
3535:
3489:
3487:, p. 143.
3472:
3460:
3448:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3390:
3370:
3351:
3328:
3309:
3289:
3257:
3238:
3213:
3201:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3148:, p. 983.
3138:
3126:
3124:, p. 2-3.
3111:
3099:
3084:
3067:
3065:, p. 169.
3055:
3053:, p. 168.
3043:
3031:
3016:
3001:
2982:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2934:
2915:
2895:
2876:
2856:
2836:
2816:
2800:
2788:
2773:
2771:, p. 1-5.
2754:
2737:
2701:
2674:
2655:
2632:
2606:
2584:
2572:
2560:
2558:, p. 175.
2556:Ramanujan 1973
2537:
2535:, p. 475.
2516:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2465:
2420:10.1086/703521
2375:
2358:
2335:
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2125:
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2086:
2073:
2052:
2038:
2023:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1979:
1977:
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1965:
1962:
1945:
1942:
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1888:
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1857:
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1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
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1717:Main article:
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1410:
1402:
1394:
1393:(Do not steal)
1379:
1346:
1343:
1321:
1318:
1269:, the idea of
1259:shunya purusha
1214:
1211:
1179:
1176:
1145:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1102:
1099:
1097:
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1031:
1028:
1006:
1003:
977:
974:
962:M. N. Srinivas
950:
947:
939:Sringeri matha
920:
917:
901:Sunyasampadane
891:
888:
867:
864:
746:
743:
741:
738:
665:
662:
605:
602:
505:
504:
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501:
494:
487:
479:
476:
475:
462:
461:
460:
459:
454:
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444:
436:
435:
434:Related topics
431:
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67:(1131–1167 CE)
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26:
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2:
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7047:Trimbakeshwar
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7022:Mahakaleshwar
7020:
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6919:
6918:Pancha Sabhai
6915:
6909:
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6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6885:
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6877:
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6872:
6871:Shiva temples
6868:
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6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6843:
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6837:
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6825:Shiva Advaita
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6789:
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6759:Shiva Mahimna
6756:
6754:
6753:
6749:
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6746:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6731:Shiva Tandava
6728:
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6549:Dakshinamurti
6547:
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6340:Basava purana
6338:
6336:
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6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6315:Karana Hasuge
6313:
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6274:
6270:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6243:Akka Mahadevi
6241:
6239:
6238:Allama Prabhu
6236:
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6231:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6219:
6209:
6206:
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6165:
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6145:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6135:The Lingayats
6133:
6132:
6112:
6108:
6101:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6071:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6034:
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6027:
6022:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6003:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5957:
5953:
5952:
5951:The Economist
5947:
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5537:
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5530:
5519:
5515:
5513:9788126003655
5509:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5463:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5439:, Shambhala,
5438:
5437:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5418:
5415:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5397:
5395:0-19-560686-8
5391:
5387:
5382:
5379:
5373:
5369:
5364:
5361:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5296:
5293:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5275:
5273:81-206-0303-6
5269:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5244:
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5234:
5230:
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5212:
5208:
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5163:
5159:
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5137:9788173354984
5133:
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5111:
5107:
5101:
5097:
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5018:
5014:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4954:. Routledge.
4953:
4952:
4946:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:, Routledge,
4921:
4920:
4914:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4873:
4869:
4864:
4853:
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4839:
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4832:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4789:
4785:
4783:9781610695664
4779:
4775:
4774:
4768:
4757:
4753:
4747:
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4742:
4736:
4733:
4731:9788124601457
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4709:
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4684:
4683:
4677:
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4662:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4645:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4593:
4589:
4588:www.tsmesa.in
4582:
4576:
4560:
4556:
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4539:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4494:
4490:
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4455:
4447:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4391:Ishwaran 1980
4387:
4380:
4375:
4368:
4363:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4297:
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4273:
4266:
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4242:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4223:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4177:
4176:Schouten 1995
4172:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4094:
4092:
4084:
4083:Ishwaran 1983
4079:
4072:
4067:
4060:
4059:Schouten 1995
4055:
4048:
4047:Schouten 1995
4043:
4036:
4031:
4024:
4023:Schouten 1995
4019:
4017:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3973:Schouten 1995
3969:
3962:
3961:Schouten 1995
3957:
3941:
3937:
3935:90-04-04790-5
3931:
3927:
3926:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3894:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3872:
3871:Schouten 1995
3867:
3860:
3855:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3805:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3788:
3783:
3776:
3775:Schrader 1924
3771:
3764:
3763:Schrader 1924
3759:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3702:
3701:Schouten 1995
3697:
3690:
3689:Schouten 1995
3685:
3683:
3681:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3602:, p. 16.
3601:
3600:Schouten 1995
3596:
3589:
3584:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3546:Ikegame 2013b
3542:
3540:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3469:
3468:Schouten 1995
3464:
3457:
3456:Schouten 1995
3452:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3425:
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3387:
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3374:
3358:
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3333:
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3264:
3262:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3205:
3199:, p. 64.
3198:
3193:
3191:
3183:
3182:Schouten 1995
3178:
3171:
3170:Schouten 1995
3166:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3142:
3136:, p. 52.
3135:
3134:Schouten 1995
3130:
3123:
3122:Schouten 1995
3118:
3116:
3109:, p. 76.
3108:
3107:Ishwaran 1981
3103:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3052:
3047:
3040:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3014:, p. 14.
3013:
3012:Schouten 1995
3008:
3006:
2999:, p. 15.
2998:
2997:Schouten 1995
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2977:
2971:, p. 55.
2970:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2945:Schouten 1995
2941:
2939:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2908:
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2833:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2813:
2809:
2808:Ikegame 2013a
2804:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2769:Schouten 1995
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2752:, p. 71.
2751:
2750:Schouten 1995
2746:
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2708:
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2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2534:
2529:
2527:
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2523:
2521:
2513:
2512:Schouten 1995
2508:
2499:
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2371:Schouten 1995
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2192:
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2172:
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2152:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2105:Veerashaivism
2096:
2095:Panchacharyas
2090:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2028:
2014:
2012:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:United States
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:Lingayat Vani
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1874:Basava Purana
1871:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1826:Basava Purana
1819:
1818:Karana Hasuge
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1762:Akka Mahadevi
1758:
1746:
1742:
1739:(also called
1738:
1734:
1728:
1720:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
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1690:
1688:
1683:
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1666:
1659:Vegetarianism
1656:
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1649:
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1638:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1354:Kudalasangama
1351:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:unity of the
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1267:Mahima Dharma
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:shunya Brahma
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:Allama Prabhu
1225:
1224:
1219:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:supreme being
1056:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1040:Akka Mahadevi
1036:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1002:
998:
994:
992:
987:
984:In 2000, the
982:
973:
969:
965:
963:
959:
958:
946:
944:
940:
934:
931:
927:
916:
914:
910:
909:
908:Basava Purana
903:
902:
897:
887:
885:
881:
877:
872:
863:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
839:
834:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
761:
757:
752:
737:
735:
734:
730:According to
728:
724:
720:
714:
707:
705:
704:Gauri Lankesh
702:According to
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:Panchacharyas
682:
681:Veerashaivism
677:
675:
671:
661:
658:
654:
653:Veerashaivism
650:
649:
648:Veerashaivism
644:
639:
635:
633:
628:
622:
617:
613:
612:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
531:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
511:
500:
495:
493:
488:
486:
481:
480:
478:
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474:
464:
463:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
438:
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433:
432:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
386:Kudalasangama
384:
383:
382:
381:
377:
376:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:Basava purana
358:
356:
355:Karana Hasuge
353:
351:
348:
347:
346:
345:
341:
340:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
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297:
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290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
279:
275:
274:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
243:Akka Mahadevi
241:
239:
238:Allama Prabhu
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
224:
223:
220:
217:
216:
212:
208:
207:
203:
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187:
183:
178:
175:
171:
167:
162:
159:
158:
153:
152:
147:
146:
141:
140:
139:Basava purana
135:
134:
133:Karana Hasuge
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
110:
105:
101:
99:
95:
91:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
70:
66:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
38:
30:
19:
7244:Shaiva sects
7103:Tiruchengode
7007:Grishneshwar
7002:Bhimashankar
6994:Jyotirlingas
6846:Kanwar Yatra
6814:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6717:Rudrashtakam
6715:
6708:
6684:
6677:
6672:Shiva Purana
6670:
6663:
6656:
6520:
6467:
6460:
6381:Ingaleshwara
6320:Mantra Gopya
6187:
6115:. Retrieved
6100:
6090:24 September
6088:. Retrieved
6079:
6070:
6060:24 September
6058:. Retrieved
6049:
6040:
6021:
6002:
5990:. Retrieved
5981:
5972:
5962:22 September
5960:. Retrieved
5949:
5923:
5911:
5905:
5816:24 September
5814:. Retrieved
5805:
5775:
5773:Amazon.com,
5769:
5754:
5722:
5701:. Retrieved
5684:
5653:. Retrieved
5642:
5635:
5576:, retrieved
5556:
5544:, retrieved
5534:
5522:, retrieved
5503:
5489:27 September
5487:. Retrieved
5467:
5455:, retrieved
5435:
5425:
5421:
5403:
5385:
5367:
5349:
5338:, retrieved
5318:
5299:
5281:
5261:
5247:. Retrieved
5227:
5215:, retrieved
5195:
5173:(1): 59–71,
5170:
5166:
5157:
5148:15 September
5146:, retrieved
5126:
5114:, retrieved
5094:
5087:, SUNY Press
5084:
5075:24 September
5073:, retrieved
5053:
5041:, retrieved
5022:
5016:
5012:
4986:
4982:
4972:25 September
4970:. Retrieved
4950:
4938:, retrieved
4918:
4906:, retrieved
4886:
4867:
4856:, retrieved
4836:
4824:, retrieved
4804:
4792:, retrieved
4776:, ABC-CLIO,
4772:
4760:, retrieved
4740:
4721:
4712:
4701:, retrieved
4681:
4669:, retrieved
4649:
4637:, retrieved
4627:
4599:. Retrieved
4587:
4575:
4565:17 September
4563:. Retrieved
4559:the original
4554:
4545:
4537:
4530:. Retrieved
4526:the original
4521:
4497:. Retrieved
4488:
4464:. Retrieved
4454:
4444:
4437:
4417:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4357:, p. 7.
4318:. Retrieved
4313:
4304:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4222:
4212:27 September
4210:. Retrieved
4190:
4183:
4171:
4161:27 September
4159:. Retrieved
4139:
4132:
4122:27 September
4120:. Retrieved
4100:
4078:
4066:
4054:
4042:
4035:Michael 1992
4030:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3968:
3956:
3946:27 September
3944:. Retrieved
3924:
3917:
3905:
3893:
3866:
3854:
3842:
3830:
3787:Michael 1992
3782:
3770:
3696:
3667:. Retrieved
3647:
3640:
3616:
3607:
3595:
3583:
3556:
3505:
3501:
3463:
3451:
3436:
3429:Michell 1995
3424:
3417:Michell 1995
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3380:
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3341:
3319:. Retrieved
3299:
3292:
3280:. Retrieved
3270:
3248:. Retrieved
3228:
3204:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3102:
3058:
3046:
3034:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2947:, p. 5.
2927:26 September
2925:. Retrieved
2905:
2898:
2888:26 September
2886:. Retrieved
2866:
2859:
2848:26 September
2846:. Retrieved
2826:
2819:
2803:
2798:, p. 5.
2791:
2784:Michael 1992
2730:26 September
2728:. Retrieved
2718:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2667:27 September
2665:. Retrieved
2645:
2621:
2575:
2563:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2403:
2397:
2373:, p. 6.
2329:
2308:. Retrieved
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2277:
2243:
2234:
2221:
2216:
2206:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2138:gurusthalada
2137:
2128:
2120:
2119:Writing for
2104:
2094:
2089:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1947:
1907:
1904:Demographics
1892:
1890:
1882:
1872:, author of
1859:
1845:
1843:
1824:
1822:
1808:Mantra Gopya
1797:
1788:
1784:
1781:Mantra-gopya
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1740:
1696:
1678:
1662:
1651:
1645:
1637:lingadharane
1636:
1633:Lingadharane
1632:
1631:
1628:Lingadharane
1610:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1541:
1523:
1489:
1472:Ashtavaranas
1470:
1467:Ashtavaranas
1466:
1464:
1433:(shun anger)
1371:Panchacharas
1369:
1366:Panchacharas
1365:
1363:
1345:Panchacharas
1335:Adi Shankara
1330:
1323:
1314:Adi Shankara
1312:philosopher
1304:philosopher
1289:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:Panchasakhas
1250:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1205:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1106:
1104:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1049:
1043:
1023:
1019:
1008:
999:
995:
990:
985:
983:
979:
970:
966:
955:
952:
935:
922:
913:Bukka Raya I
906:
899:
893:
883:
880:gurusthalada
879:
873:
869:
860:
855:
841:
837:
835:
817:
811:
780:
765:
731:
729:
725:
708:
701:
696:
684:
680:
678:
667:
656:
652:
646:
642:
640:
636:
615:
609:
607:
569:
559:
546:
540:
532:
527:
523:Veerashaivas
521:
509:
508:
396:Ingaleshwara
391:Basavakalyan
370:Mantra Gopya
218:
155:
151:Mantra Gopya
149:
143:
137:
131:
125:
29:
7199:Lingayatism
7150:Other names
7032:Omkareshwar
7017:Mallikarjun
6880:Panch Kedar
6752:Shri Rudram
6738:Sahasranama
6289:Panchachara
6279:Ashtavarana
6188:Lingayatism
6107:"LINGAYATS"
5655:23 December
5588:Web-sources
5546:15 November
5524:15 November
5322:, Penguin,
5017:Lingayatism
4794:15 November
4715:, Routledge
4499:31 December
4466:19 February
4418:Maharashtra
4338:Prasad 2012
4320:12 November
4071:Vasavi 1999
3859:Bäumer 2010
3548:, pp.
3443:, pp.
3209:Aitken 1999
2601:, pp.
2226:Yeddyurappa
2017:Hindu sect:
1914:Maharashtra
1665:vegetarians
1461:Ashtavarana
1430:muniya beda
1243:Vaishnavism
1188:Ashtavarana
1184:Panchachara
1096:Soteriology
1042:holding an
1038:An idol of
943:Chitradurga
848:Shiva Liṅga
818:Virashaivas
733:India Today
664:Lingayatism
657:Veerashaiva
643:Lingayatism
584:followers,
562:South India
510:Lingayatism
309:Panchachara
299:Ashtavarana
219:Lingayatism
88:Maharashtra
37:Veerashaiva
33:Lingayatism
7193:Categories
7133:Rasalingam
7057:Vishwanath
7052:Vaidyanath
6908:Kalpeshwar
6861:Shiva Puja
6776:Traditions
6574:Tatpurusha
6308:Scriptures
6284:Shatsthala
6248:Siddharama
5578:22 January
5457:22 January
5340:29 October
5217:22 January
5116:21 January
5032:9004063706
4940:21 January
4908:22 January
4858:22 January
4762:22 January
4703:22 January
4671:22 January
3823:Dalal 2010
3804:Olson 2007
3731:Malik 1943
3588:Bairy 2013
3576:Bairy 2013
3561:Bairy 2013
3485:Bairy 2013
3146:Bunce 2010
3080:Olson 2007
3027:Bairy 2013
2957:Bairy 2013
2810:, p.
2719:The Mysore
2568:Dalal 2010
2354:Dalal 2010
2254:References
2166:1156–67)."
2097:tradition:
2093:Dating of
2036:pantheon."
1922:marathwada
1839:Bhima Kavi
1713:Literature
1490:Ishtalinga
1308:, than to
1263:Jagannatha
1192:Shatsthala
1101:Shatsthala
1090:atma-linga
1076:ishtalinga
1067:ishtalinga
1063:ishtalinga
1044:ishtalinga
1030:Ishtalinga
1020:Ishtalinga
843:Ishtalinga
803:Bijjala II
749:See also:
641:The terms
590:Pashupatas
574:Shivaratri
547:Ishtalinga
426:Basavagiri
342:Scriptures
334:Pranalinga
314:Ishtalinga
304:Shatsthala
258:Siddalinga
248:Siddharama
186:Kannadigas
120:Scriptures
115:(Shaivism)
82:15,893,983
7093:Lingaraja
7088:Katas Raj
7027:Nageshvar
7012:Kedarnath
6898:Rudranath
6888:Kedarnath
6686:Tirumurai
6613:Kartikeya
6569:Sadyojata
6386:Srisailam
6233:Basavanna
6050:The Hindu
5806:The Hindu
5693:0971-751X
5685:The Hindu
5500:"Kannada"
5249:5 October
5043:27 August
5003:220929180
4826:27 August
4601:11 August
4532:11 August
4489:The Hindu
4314:Prajavani
4296:145293280
4246:Rice 1982
3669:3 October
3530:162874001
3402:5 October
3363:5 October
3321:5 October
3282:5 October
3250:5 October
3197:Rice 1982
3095:Rice 1982
2460:202376600
2452:299661763
2428:0018-2710
2134:Kalamukha
1938:Australia
1926:Zamindars
1910:Karnataka
1793:Siddarama
1745:Palm Leaf
1693:Festivals
1616:Sanskrit
1524:rudraksha
1520:Rudrāksha
1475:include:
1398:kola beda
1390:kala beda
1383:Basavanna
1374:include:
1202:Rudraksha
1071:istalinga
1052:Hindu god
876:Kalamukha
838:Vachanaas
809:, India.
807:Karnataka
799:Kalachuri
783:statesman
772:Kalamukha
632:Parashiva
627:istalinga
621:iṣṭaliṅga
604:Etymology
594:Kapalikas
566:Karnataka
528:Lingayats
516:based on
401:Srisailam
268:Somanatha
263:Chamarasa
164:Languages
107:Religions
102:1,500,000
98:Telangana
92:6,742,460
78:Karnataka
7168:Category
7073:Amarnath
6946:Chitiram
6941:Thamiram
6926:Rathinam
6893:Tungnath
6856:Pradosha
6793:Kapalika
6618:Devasena
6579:Vamadeva
6564:Nataraja
6554:Harihara
6544:Bhairava
6512:Shaivism
6462:Category
6330:Vachanas
6263:Sarvajna
6111:Archived
6084:Archived
6054:Archived
6029:Archived
6010:Archived
5992:20 March
5986:Archived
5956:Archived
5916:Archived
5875:Archived
5849:Archived
5810:Archived
5781:Archived
5759:Archived
5727:Archived
5703:23 March
5697:Archived
5649:Archived
5624:Archived
5572:archived
5540:archived
5518:archived
5483:Archived
5451:archived
5334:archived
5243:Archived
5211:archived
5142:archived
5110:archived
5098:, Gale,
5069:archived
5037:archived
4966:Archived
4934:archived
4902:archived
4890:, Gale,
4852:archived
4820:archived
4788:archived
4756:archived
4697:archived
4665:archived
4639:11 March
4633:archived
4592:Archived
4493:Archived
4403:Das 2005
4230:Archived
4206:Archived
4155:Archived
4116:Archived
3940:Archived
3847:Das 1994
3663:Archived
3396:Archived
3357:Archived
3315:Archived
3276:Archived
3244:Archived
3158:Das 2005
2921:Archived
2882:Archived
2842:Archived
2724:Archived
2661:Archived
2444:64001081
2436:00182710
2414:: 1–37.
2410:for the
2310:20 April
2288:5 August
2282:Archived
2143:viraktas
2121:The Wire
1964:See also
1866:shastras
1864:and the
1502:Pādodaka
1306:Ramanuja
930:Lepakshi
884:viraktas
826:Nayanars
776:Nayanars
689:Agasthya
674:Shaivism
555:Ramanuja
536:Vachanas
518:Shaivism
421:Solapura
411:Yedeyuru
211:a series
209:Part of
113:Hinduism
18:Lingayat
7145:Vibhuti
7042:Somnath
6745:Chalisa
6608:Ganesha
6601:Parvati
6531:Deities
6522:History
6427:Vibhuti
6406:Solapur
6396:Yedeyur
6299:Daasoha
6208:History
6201:Origins
6190:Topics
5643:Shaivam
5187:2844333
4613:Sources
4007:3711676
3550:128–129
3522:2941919
2333:, p.176
2186:state."
1934:Britain
1769:Vachana
1743:) on a
1682:Brahmin
1618:oneness
1605:Jangama
1557:Kannada
1514:Vibhuti
1508:Prasāda
1496:Jangama
1339:Advaita
1310:Advaita
1294:Vedanta
1282:Śūnyatā
1276:Brahman
1206:Vibhuti
957:shudras
814:Brahmin
787:Kannada
740:History
719:virakta
713:virakta
670:Jainism
570:jayanti
447:Vibhuti
329:Sharana
190:Marathi
174:Marathi
170:Kannada
59:Founder
7178:Portal
7140:Siddha
7128:Lingam
7066:Others
6798:Aghori
6701:Stotra
6697:Mantra
6586:Shakti
6559:Ishana
6441:People
6294:Kayaka
6226:Saints
6117:2 July
5872:Basava
5691:
5564:
5510:
5475:
5443:
5410:
5392:
5374:
5356:
5326:
5306:
5288:
5270:
5235:
5203:
5185:
5134:
5102:
5061:
5029:
5013:Bhakti
5001:
4958:
4926:
4894:
4874:
4844:
4812:
4780:
4748:
4728:
4689:
4657:
4425:
4294:
4198:
4147:
4108:
4005:
3932:
3655:
3528:
3520:
3388:
3349:
3307:
3236:
2913:
2874:
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