5411:
1807:
318:
22:
456:
6076:
5423:
4949:
6066:
4917:
4939:
306:
5397:
4928:
1793:
524:(other packages it requires to run). The package management system evaluates this meta-information to allow package searches, perform automatic upgrades to newer versions, and to check that all dependencies of a package are present (and either notify the user to install them, or install them automatically). The package can also be provided as
736:, standard releases are often viewed as more stable and bug-free since software conflicts can be more easily addressed and the software stack more thoroughly tested and evaluated, during the software development cycle. For this reason, they tend to be the preferred choice in enterprise environments and mission-critical tasks.
1654:
each have their own proprietary OS. This limits Linux's market share: consumers are unaware that an alternative exists, they must make a conscious effort to use a different operating system, and they must either perform the actual installation themselves, or depend on support from a friend, relative,
213:
A Linux distribution may also be described as a particular assortment of application and utility software (various GNU tools and libraries, for example), packaged with the Linux kernel in such a way that its capabilities meet many users' needs. The software is usually adapted to the distribution and
1712:
The current
Microsoft Windows license lets the manufacturer determine the refund policy. With previous versions of Windows, it was possible to obtain a refund if the manufacturer failed to provide the refund by litigation in the small claims courts. On February 15, 1999, a group of Linux users in
632:
The diversity of Linux distributions is due to technical, organizational, and philosophical variation among vendors and users. The permissive licensing of free software means that users with sufficient knowledge and interest can customize any existing distribution, or design one to suit their own
531:
Most distributions install packages, including the kernel and other core operating system components, in a predetermined configuration. A few now require or permit configuration adjustments at first install time. This makes installation less daunting, particularly for new users, but is not always
1192:
Lightweight Linux distributions are those that have been designed with support for older hardware in mind, allowing older hardware to still be used productively, or, for maximum possible speed in newer hardware by leaving more resources available for use by applications. Examples include
793:
When the operating system is booted from a read-only medium such as a CD or DVD, any user data that needs to be retained between sessions cannot be stored on the boot device but must be written to another storage device, such as a USB flash drive or a hard disk drive.
1733:
branch of the French government filing several complaints against bundled software. On March 24, 2014, a new international petition was launched by AFUL on the Avaaz platform, translated into several languages and supported by many organizations around the world.
1389:, which can be created by using a USB image writer application and the ISO image, which can be downloaded from various Linux distribution websites. DVD disks, CD disks, network installations and even other hard drives can also be used as "installation media".
542:
normally provided in a distribution, an administrator may create a "distributionless" installation. It is possible to build such systems from scratch, avoiding distributions altogether. One needs a way to generate the first binaries until the system is
1369:
which recommends a standard filenaming chart, notably the basic directory names found on the root of the tree of any Linux filesystem. Those standards, however, see limited use, even among the distributions developed by members of the organization.
1509:) also make it possible for Linux to be run inside another OS. The VM software simulates a separate computer onto which the Linux system is installed. After installation, the virtual machine can be booted as if it were an independent computer.
739:
However, rolling releases offer more current software which can also provide increased stability and fewer software bugs along with the additional benefits of new features, greater functionality, faster running speeds, and improved system and
532:
acceptable. For specific requirements, much software must be carefully configured to be useful, to work correctly with other software, or to be secure, and local administrators are often obliged to spend time reviewing and reconfiguring it.
1035:
distribution targeted at experienced Linux users and maintained by a volunteer community, offers official binary packages and a wide range of unofficial user-submitted source packages. Packages are usually defined by a single
790:. The portability of installation-free distributions makes them advantageous for applications such as demonstrations, borrowing someone else's computer, rescue operations, or as installation media for a standard distribution.
1396:
but this has been abandoned by all major distributions. By the 2000s many distributions offered CD and DVD sets with the vital packages on the first disc and less important packages on later ones. Some distributions, such as
1415:, where the computer boots the operating system from the disk, and it can then be installed on the computer's hard disk, providing a seamless transition from the OS running from the CD to the OS running from the hard disk.
1777:
of the number of Linux systems, but did not distinguish between rolling release and standard release distributions. It ceased operation in August 2018, though a few related blog posts were created through
October 2018.
834:, are designed primarily for live use. Additionally, some minimal distributions can be run directly from as little space as one floppy disk without the need to change the contents of the system's hard disk drive.
3168:
1148:, Google's former open-source chief, agree that Android is a Linux distribution; others, such as Google engineer Patrick Brady, disagree by noting the lack of support for many GNU tools in Android, including
797:
Many Linux distributions provide a "live" form in addition to their conventional form, which is a network-based or removable-media image intended to be used only for installation; such distributions include
446:
As of 2017, Linux has become more popular in server and embedded devices markets than in the desktop market. It is used on over 50% of web servers; its current operating system market share is about 1.8%.
344:
utilities and tools for setting up a file system. Since the installation procedure was complicated, especially in the face of growing amounts of available software, distributions sprang up to simplify it.
2098:
1528:
or its derivatives into a FAT32 or an NTFS partition without an installation CD, allowing users to easily dual boot between either operating system on the same hard drive without losing data. Replaced by
858:
of visitors to WMF websites until 2015, which includes details of the most popular
Operating System identifiers, including some Linux distributions. Many of the popular distributions are listed below.
3279:
2733:
1408:
a hard drive in order to keep their previously installed operating system. The Linux distribution can then be installed on its own separate partition without affecting previously saved data.
870:, a non-commercial distribution and one of the earliest, maintained by a volunteer developer community with a strong commitment to free software principles and democratic project management.
714:. Also, unlike rolling releases, standard releases require more than one code branch to be developed and maintained, which increases the workload of the software developers and maintainers.
1578:
make it possible to run non-Linux-based software on Linux systems, either by emulating a proprietary operating system or by translating proprietary API calls (e.g., calls to
Microsoft's
1005:(RHEL), a derivative of Fedora Linux, maintained and commercially supported by Red Hat. It seeks to provide tested, secure, and stable Linux server and workstation support to businesses.
688:
of the distribution at the time of the installation image's release. Typically, a rolling-release OS installed from older installation medium can be fully updated after it is installed.
2250:
1946:
3198:
2152:
2910:
1357:
is an organization formed by major software and hardware vendors that aims to improve interoperability between different distributions. Among their proposed standards are the
2856:
5569:
535:
Some (but not all) distributions go to considerable lengths to adjust and customize the software they include, and some provide configuration tools to help users do so.
717:
On the other hand, software features and technology planning are easier in standard releases due to a better understanding of upcoming features in the next version(s).
2941:
3160:
2121:
1411:
In a Live CD setup, the computer boots the entire operating system from CD without first installing it on the computer's hard disk. Many distributions have a Live CD
5648:
1373:
The diversity of Linux distributions means that not all software runs on all distributions, depending on what libraries and other system attributes are required.
356:" images, later maintained by Jim Winstead Jr., the aforementioned disk image pair with the kernel and the absolute minimal tools to get started (4 November 1991)
1132:. Support for applications that require GNU compatibility is available through a virtual machine called Crostini and referred to by Google as Linux support, see
439:. Most early adopters were familiar with Unix from work or school. They embraced Linux distributions for their low (or absent) cost, and the availability of the
2090:
392:
The two oldest, still active distribution projects started in 1993. The SLS distribution was not well maintained, so in July 1993 a new SLS-based distribution,
1377:
and software repositories are usually specific to a particular distribution, though cross-installation is sometimes possible on closely related distributions.
2739:
1761:
Linux distributions. Hence, the sales figures for Linux systems and commercial Linux distributions indicate a much lower number of Linux systems and level of
3272:
3074:
2765:
2067:
245:, mobile phones and tablets, as well as in minimal environments typically for use in embedded systems. There are commercially backed distributions, such as
5867:
5489:
3431:
1549:, which allows Windows and Linux users to perform similar no-CD network installations for a wide variety of Linux distributions and additionally provides
5706:
756:, that standard releases may have to wait till the next release for or patch in various versions. In a rolling release distribution, where the user has
5106:
2300:
475:, provide only the binaries of a basic kernel, compilation tools, and an installer; the installer compiles all the requested software for the specific
1781:
Desktop usage statistical reports for particular Linux distributions have been collected and published since July 2014 by the Linux
Hardware Project.
5638:
2620:
2544:
471:
Many Linux distributions provide an installation system akin to that provided with other modern operating systems. Other distributions, including
3409:
2473:
1907:
1071:
Several operating systems include the Linux kernel, but have a userland that differs significantly from that of mainstream Linux distributions:
222:, which are storage locations usually distributed around the world. Beside "glue" components, such as the distribution installers (for example,
5658:
5544:
5643:
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5111:
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3481:
2571:
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exist. Because of the huge availability of software, distributions have taken a wide variety of forms, including those suitable for use on
2988:
2239:
1938:
5772:
5606:
5579:
5559:
5136:
1401:
also enabled installation over a network after booting from either a set of floppy disks or a CD with only a small amount of data on it.
3190:
1482:
offer lists of distributions, and link to screenshots of operating systems as a way to get a first impression of various distributions.
5584:
1491:
2160:
5534:
5504:
2700:
1478:
virtualize hardware allowing users to test live media on a virtual machine without installing to the real system. Some websites like
2906:
1749:
There are also no official figures for the total number of Linux systems, partly due to the difficulty of quantifying the number of
5681:
5357:
2651:
2598:
1709:'s line of personal video recorders, and Linux-based cellphones (including Android smartphones), PDAs, and portable music players.
1717:
held a "Windows Refund Day" protest in an attempt to pressure
Microsoft into issuing them refunds. In France, the Linuxfrench and
1133:
1046:, a derivative of Arch Linux that includes a graphical installer and other ease-of-use features for less experienced Linux users.
2879:
52:. They are often obtained from the website of each distribution, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from
2503:
1718:
5653:
5611:
5554:
3458:
3137:
2972:
1385:
There are several ways to install a Linux distribution. The most common method of installing Linux is by booting from a live
599:
3387:
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1885:
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5947:
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It is more common to find embedded devices sold with Linux as the default manufacturer-supported OS, including the
Linksys
1682:
all sell general-purpose Linux laptops. Custom-order PC manufacturers will also build Linux systems, but possibly with the
1140:
Whether such operating systems count as a "Linux distribution" is a controversial topic. They use the Linux kernel, so the
760:
to run it as a highly dynamic system, the constant flux of software packages can introduce new unintended vulnerabilities.
5591:
5484:
3703:
3052:
2216:
585:
Supported on multiple types of hardware, or platform-specific, even to the extent of certification by the platform vendor
215:
5972:
5824:
2432:
940:, a distribution based on and compatible with Ubuntu. Supports multiple desktop environments, among others GNOME Shell
692:
549:. This can be done via compilation on another system capable of building binaries for the intended target (possibly by
3334:
3308:
368:(SLS) which included the X Window System and was the most comprehensive distribution for a short time (15 August 1992)
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132:
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General purpose or highly specialized toward specific machine functionalities (e.g. firewalls, network routers, and
5616:
5524:
3082:
2761:
2059:
520:. Each package intended for such a PMS contains meta-information such as its description, version number, and its
5882:
5714:
5621:
5116:
4985:
2848:
2453:
1825:
1599:
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gaming service has over 1,500 games available on Linux, compared to 2,323 games for Mac and 6,500 Windows games.
722:
3427:
2826:
5461:
3539:
3022:
1562:
Some specific proprietary software products are not available in any form for Linux. As of
September 2015, the
1539:, which is in the process of being integrated in official Debian CDs/DVDs, and allows Windows users to install
1187:
501:. Each package contains a specific application or service. Examples of packages are a library for handling the
3250:
3220:
2796:
1976:
684:—often the latest stable versions available. They have pseudo-releases and installation media that are simply
230:) and the package management systems, very few packages are actually written by a distribution's maintainers.
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form, allowing modifications to the original software. Usually, Linux distributions optionally include some
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2006:
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The package is typically provided as compiled code, with installation and removal of packages handled by a
5333:
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999:
is prototyped, developed, and tested in a communal setting before maturing into Red Hat
Enterprise Linux.
6005:
5912:
5747:
5164:
5101:
4920:
4861:
2624:
1830:
1160:
941:
748:, the rolling release model can have advantages in timely security updates, fixing system or application
234:
3586:
3580:
2548:
1498:. Linux is installed to the Windows hard disk partition, and can be started from inside Windows itself.
5902:
5787:
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5202:
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4740:
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4177:
3635:
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1121:
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408:
in August 1993, with first public BETA released in
January 1994 and first stable version in June 1996.
81:
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1725:
started a "Windows Detax" movement, which led to a 2006 petition against "racketiciels" (translation:
778:
A "live" distribution is a Linux distribution that can be booted from removable storage media such as
6037:
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5937:
5207:
4672:
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1714:
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Computer hardware is usually sold with an operating system other than Linux already installed by the
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691:
Depending on the usage case, there can be pros and cons to both standard release and rolling release
513:
502:
488:
460:
262:
49:
3575:
Google's approach to a large-scale live upgrading between two widely different Linux distributions:
3358:
1721:(French speaking Libre Software Users' Association) organizations along with free software activist
1466:
The process of constantly switching between distributions is often referred to as "distro hopping".
183:), and other related programs may be included with the distribution or are installable by the user.
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1459:) and other distributions to simplify the installation process. Debian, Ubuntu and many others use
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73:
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TTY setup program, among others). Optionally, to provide a desktop experience (most commonly the
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2907:"Google: "Android is the Linux desktop dream come true" - Suchmaschinen - derStandard.at " Web"
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without a CD, though it performs a network installation and thereby requires repartitioning
1354:
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Digital audio workstations for music production – for example, targeted by
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199:
8:
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images: one bootable and containing the Linux kernel itself, and the other with a set of
219:
156:
108:
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Scientific computer servers and workstations – for example, targeted by
995:. It aims to be a technology testbed for Red Hat's commercial Linux offering, where new
5454:
5222:
5058:
4652:
1687:
1635:
1475:
1444:
1312:
1236:
876:, a desktop and server distribution derived from Debian, maintained by British company
711:
554:
397:
69:
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Some distributions let the user install Linux on top of their current system, such as
706:
require significant development effort to keep old versions up-to-date by propagating
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and distributed its first version, 0.01, in 1991. Linux was initially distributed as
152:
112:
61:
3044:
2240:"All you need to know about... The early history of Linux, Part 2, Re: distribution"
317:
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can also be used to run a proprietary OS (like Microsoft Windows) on top of Linux.
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by the distribution's maintainers. The software packages are available online in
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lists many Linux distributions and displays some of the ones that have the most
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List of GNU/Linux distributions considered free by the Free Software Foundation
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1939:"HTG Explains: How Software Installation & Package Managers Work On Linux"
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Point-release vs rolling-release: developer, user and security considerations
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3161:"Steam for Linux tops 1,500 games as launch of Valve's Steam Machines nears"
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that come with Linux already installed are available from vendors including
467:, free and open-source software, and occasionally some proprietary software.
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Chromebook § Compatibility with Linux applications (GNU compatibility)
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of the user's computer, using these tools and the software's source code.
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2301:"kernel/git/nico/archive.git - Archive of old Linux versions since v0.01"
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There are several third-party distributions of AOSP, in turn, including:
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that runs on many devices such as smartphones, smart TVs, set-top boxes.
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There are no official figures on the popularity, adoption, downloads or
1239: – for example, targeted by Ubuntu Core and Microsoft's
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There are several distributions based on Ubuntu that mainly replace the
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However, it is possible to buy hardware with Linux already installed.
1231:
1023:, derived from openSUSE, maintained and commercially supported by SUSE
641:
Rolling Linux distributions are kept current using small and frequent
285:. Most distributions come ready-to-use and precompiled for a specific
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2701:"Linux Distribution Basics: Rolling Releases vs. Standard Releases"
1968:
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Users were attracted to Linux distributions as alternatives to the
254:
180:
2318:
2029:"DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD"
1516:
installations from existing platforms without a CD, most notably:
1062:-like automated system for compiling applications from source code
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Privacy and anonymity – for example, targeted by
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3776:
3698:
2091:"Install Linux on your x86 tablet: five distros to choose from"
1730:
1675:
1659:
1540:
1506:
1398:
1392:
In the 1990s, Linux distributions were installed using sets of
1322:
1202:
962:
867:
710:
fixes back to the newest branch, versus focusing on the newest
598:
Targeted at specific user groups, for example through language
405:
270:
96:
25:
3191:"Steam's living room hardware blitz gets off to a muddy start"
2934:"Dream(sheep++): A developer's introduction to Google Android"
1013:, a community distribution mainly sponsored by German company
5844:
4994:
4873:
4856:
4841:
4408:
4398:
4095:
4009:
3974:
3590:
2429:"The Slackware Linux Project: Slackware Release Announcement"
2060:"How to install Ubuntu Touch on your Android phone or tablet"
1702:
1627:
1619:
1579:
1437:
On embedded devices, Linux is typically held in the device's
1168:
1156:
1149:
974:
883:
807:
582:
Designed for enterprise users, power users, or for home users
371:
305:
160:
148:
100:
3567: – a categorized list with information about each entry
4403:
4376:
4293:
4069:
4064:
3693:
3673:
3305:"Getting a Windows Refund in California Small Claims Court"
1706:
1667:
1639:
1427:
907:
899:
436:
168:
144:
111:, documentation, and many other types of software (such as
88:
3368:
Say no to bundled software - Say yes to informed consumers
3273:"Microsoft Software License Terms: Windows 7 Professional"
2319:"A Short History of Linux Distributions [LWN.net]"
87:
A typical Linux distribution comprises a Linux kernel, an
5396:
4927:
3355:
1792:
1647:
987:, a community distribution sponsored by American company
891:
412:
140:
104:
4963:
2496:"Usage statistics and market share of Unix for websites"
269:); and entirely community-driven distributions, such as
3421:
3419:
2849:"Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report - Operating Systems"
1066:
321:
Timeline of the development of main Linux distributions
202:
that may not be available in source code form, such as
1773:. A Linux Counter Project had kept track of a running
991:
and the successor to the company's previous offering,
2877:
1524:, which allows Windows users to download and install
1213:
Other distributions target specific niches, such as:
862:
Widely used GNU-based or GNU-compatible distributions
673:
are sometimes used by software developers and users.
28:, one of the most popular desktop Linux distributions
5490:
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
3425:
3416:
2526:"Browser & Platform Market Share September 2023"
1788:
1765:
than is the case; this is mainly due to Linux being
1690:(formerly Terra Soft) sells Macintosh computers and
297:
form and must be compiled locally for installation.
3134:"Debian - Details of package win32-loader in Lenny"
1155:Other Linux-kernel-based operating systems include
588:
Designed for servers, desktops, or embedded devices
5858:
2623:. fedoraproject.org. March 5, 2010. Archived from
1262:Specific platforms – for example,
786:, instead of being installed on and booted from a
44:made from a software collection that includes the
5469:
3455:"Linux Users: How Many People Use Linux in 2024?"
1512:Various tools are also available to perform full
1447:, one of the more popular installers, is used by
6092:
3593:, February 3, 2015, by Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols
1104:, Google's commercial operating system based on
1078:, Google's commercial operating system based on
926:. Other official forks have specific uses like:
2786:
1878:"Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems"
459:A Linux distribution is usually built around a
3479:
2962:
2569:
2542:
2119:
637:Rolling distributions versus standard releases
404:set to create a free distribution by founding
5455:
4979:
3612:
2466:"A Brief History of Debian - Debian Releases"
1936:
1486:Installation via an existing operating system
764:Installation-free distributions (live CD/USB)
721:can also be synchronized with those of major
388:, a commercial distribution (8 December 1992)
5495:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
3158:
3131:
2122:"The Top 7 Best Linux Distributions for You"
1248: – for example, targeted by
1181:
575:In broad terms, Linux distributions may be:
3426:Prashanth Venkataram (September 10, 2010).
3408:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3247:"Laptops/Notebooks with Linux Preinstalled"
2731:
1441:and may or may not be consumer-accessible.
1348:
1335:Offline use – for example,
505:image format, a collection of fonts, and a
5462:
5448:
4986:
4972:
4916:
3619:
3605:
3533:
2904:
2150:
497:Distributions are normally segmented into
336:only, and later as a pair of downloadable
16:Operating system based on the Linux kernel
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2088:
1273:Education – examples are
5416:Free and open-source software portal
2819:"PiTuX – a micro serial terminal distro"
2762:"The pros and cons of a rolling release"
2759:
2589:
2587:
2585:
1908:"Linux Operating Systems: Distributions"
1365:and packaging system for Linux, and the
454:
316:
304:
115:network configuration utilities and the
20:
3626:
3587:Rolling release vs. fixed release Linux
3542:from the original on September 20, 2020
3461:from the original on September 28, 2023
3434:from the original on September 15, 2010
3333:. Marc.merlins.org. February 15, 1999.
2698:
2654:from the original on September 14, 2011
2237:
2153:"Mobile Linux Distros Keep on Morphing"
1557:
6093:
3171:from the original on November 19, 2015
2768:from the original on November 12, 2010
2753:
2718:
2406:Anyone interested in Linux Base System
2219:from the original on November 12, 2020
2057:
2039:from the original on November 11, 2020
1979:from the original on December 31, 2014
1949:from the original on February 10, 2015
1341:Gaming – for example,
1217:Routers – for example
1208:
5443:
4967:
3600:
3527:
3509:"The Linuxcounter project is closed!"
3506:
3500:
3473:
3390:from the original on January 26, 2021
3378:AM, Last modified: 04/29/2014 01:10.
3371:
3349:
3323:
3297:
3265:
3239:
3213:
3201:from the original on January 11, 2017
3183:
3152:
3125:
3067:
3011:
2981:
2956:
2925:
2898:
2871:
2859:from the original on February 2, 2017
2841:
2829:from the original on February 2, 2015
2811:
2780:
2666:
2639:
2613:
2595:"Fedora Release Life-cycle Proposals"
2582:
2563:
2536:
2518:
2488:
2458:
2421:
2311:
2231:
2205:
2193:from the original on January 14, 2015
2175:
2144:
2113:
2070:from the original on October 27, 2015
1999:"The LWN.net Linux Distribution List"
1586:APIs) into native Linux API calls. A
600:internationalization and localization
482:
313:holding a very early version of Linux
6018:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
3480:Caitlyn Martin (September 7, 2010).
3452:
3430:. dasublogbyprashanth.blogspot.com.
3380:"International petition | AFUL"
3253:from the original on August 20, 2011
2931:
2574:. chakra-project-org. Archived from
2547:. chakra-project-org. Archived from
2082:
2051:
2021:
1991:
1961:
1930:
1900:
1870:
1813:Free and open-source software portal
1230:(MMU) – for example
1067:Linux-kernel-based operating systems
977:desktop environment known as COSMIC.
854:released an analysis of the browser
5485:Alternative terms for free software
5358:Professional related certifications
3565:The LWN.net Linux Distribution List
3285:from the original on March 11, 2012
3159:Jared Newman (September 21, 2015).
3019:"Network install from a minimal CD"
2913:from the original on April 22, 2013
2648:"Linux Certification – Preparation"
2476:from the original on April 18, 2023
2435:from the original on August 9, 2011
2120:Brian Proffitt (February 3, 2010).
2101:from the original on April 13, 2019
2009:from the original on March 15, 2015
1914:. November 27, 2014. Archived from
1888:from the original on April 24, 2011
961:, is a Linux distribution based on
621:, portability, or comprehensiveness
560:
443:for most or all of their software.
13:
5825:Python Software Foundation License
3337:from the original on July 27, 2011
3311:from the original on July 21, 2011
3223:. Shop.affordy.com. Archived from
3106:"Thoughts on Linux distro-hopping"
3103:
3055:from the original on March 2, 2020
3025:from the original on July 28, 2011
2799:from the original on July 24, 2015
2738:, techrepublic.com, archived from
2506:from the original on July 15, 2012
2329:from the original on June 23, 2018
2256:from the original on July 28, 2012
1729:) with 39,415 signatories and the
1570:and API-translation projects like
693:software development methodologies
14:
6117:
5888:Definition of Free Cultural Works
5505:Free software project directories
5137:List of software package managers
5122:Security-focused operating system
3985:Bharat Operating System Solutions
3558:
3140:from the original on June 5, 2011
2944:from the original on July 4, 2017
2882:. Android Central. Archived from
2787:Jonathan Corbet (June 15, 2011).
2680:from the original on May 18, 2019
2621:"Fedora Development Mailing List"
2601:from the original on May 18, 2019
2395:bootable root disks are on tsx-11
2384:Anyone wants a bootable rootdisk?
1821:Comparison of Linux distributions
886:stock desktop environment, like:
571:Comparison of Linux distributions
186:Most of the included software is
6075:
6074:
6064:
5525:Open-source software development
5422:
5421:
5409:
5395:
4948:
4947:
4937:
4926:
4915:
2932:Paul, Ryan (February 24, 2009).
2699:Hoffman, Chris (July 14, 2014).
2545:"half-rolling development model"
2431:. Slackware.com. July 16, 1993.
2238:Berlich, Ruediger (April 2001).
1805:
1791:
1593:
1307: – examples are
814:. Some distributions, including
190:made available both as compiled
5883:Debian Free Software Guidelines
5715:Free Software Movement of India
5112:Distributions that run from RAM
3583:, LinuxCon 2013, by Marc Merlin
3453:Wise, Jason (August 10, 2023).
3446:
3428:"Counter-Debunking the 1% myth"
3249:. Mcelrath.org. June 10, 2010.
3097:
3037:
2692:
2645:
2572:"The Chakra Project Wiki: FAQs"
2447:
2417:ANNOUNCE: The Linux Base System
2410:
2399:
2388:
2377:
2359:
2341:
2293:
2279:
2268:
2151:Eric Brown (November 4, 2014).
1937:Chris Hoffman (June 27, 2012).
1826:Light-weight Linux distribution
1600:original equipment manufacturer
1380:
930:for Chinese-speaking users, or
602:, or through inclusion of many
3377:
3075:"How I stopped distro hopping"
2732:Chad Perrin (August 2, 2010),
2367:"SLS: Free Linux Distribution"
2213:"Linux Distributions Timeline"
1969:"The status of CentOS mirrors"
1843:
1618:computers, it has always been
1188:Lightweight Linux distribution
528:to be compiled on the system.
400:. Also dissatisfied with SLS,
348:Early distributions included:
123:userspace graphics drivers) a
1:
5873:Contributor License Agreement
5687:Open-source-software movement
5471:Free and open-source software
3484:. oreilly.com. Archived from
2963:Dieguez Castro, Jose (2016).
1863:
1767:free and open-source software
1737:
1367:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
1054:, a distribution targeted at
973:, and featuring a customised
450:
188:free and open-source software
6044:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
5898:The Free Software Definition
5069:GNU/Linux naming controversy
2967:. Apress. pp. 49, 345.
969:Linux computer manufacturer
700:software development process
680:usually contain very recent
579:Commercial or non-commercial
538:By obtaining and installing
378:" (23 September 1992), and "
293:) are distributed mostly in
7:
5948:Mozilla software rebranding
5913:Permissive software license
5165:Linux Documentation Project
5107:Netbook-specific comparison
3221:"Affordy - TITAN Computers"
2880:"Ask AC: Is Android Linux?"
2878:Ask AC: Is Android Linux?.
1831:List of Linux distributions
1784:
1404:New users tend to begin by
934:for media content creators.
837:
725:software projects, such as
516:(PMS) rather than a simple
127:(the most common being the
10:
6122:
5953:Proprietary device drivers
5903:The Open Source Definition
5064:Criticism of desktop Linux
4178:Rocks Cluster Distribution
2760:K.Mandla (March 9, 2007).
2183:"Debian and Other Distros"
1655:or computer professional.
1501:Virtual machines (such as
1281:, server systems based on
1185:
767:
564:
486:
463:, which puts together the
300:
82:Rocks Cluster Distribution
6060:
6038:Source-available software
5996:
5938:Digital rights management
5930:
5728:
5705:
5667:
5543:
5477:
5389:
5356:
5236:
5188:
5147:
5087:
5074:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
5051:
5001:
4993:
4911:
4787:
4769:
4716:
4639:
4611:
4484:
4456:
4447:
4344:
4307:
4269:
4231:
4196:
4118:
3967:
3815:
3806:
3732:
3634:
2989:"2.4. Installation Media"
2965:Introducing Linux Distros
2764:. kmandla.wordpress.com.
1715:Orange County, California
1361:, which defines a common
1182:Lightweight distributions
514:package management system
489:Package management system
461:package management system
50:package management system
6033:Shared Source Initiative
5830:Shared Source Initiative
5783:Free Software Foundation
5720:Free Software Foundation
5570:Configuration management
4889:Softlanding Linux System
4168:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1836:
1746:of Linux distributions.
1468:Virtual machine software
1449:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1349:Interdistribution issues
1003:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
366:Softlanding Linux System
74:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5968:SCO/Linux controversies
4678:Linux for PlayStation 2
3536:"Linux Hardware Trends"
3482:"Debunking the 1% myth"
3384:no.more.racketware.info
3361:March 24, 2007, at the
3136:. Packages.debian.org.
1769:that can be downloaded
719:Software release cycles
131:, or, more recently, a
5868:Comparison of licenses
5677:Free software movement
5250:Free Software Magazine
5180:Linux User Group (LUG)
4327:Open Enterprise Server
2650:. walkingwithzen.com.
1851:GNU/Linux distribution
1755:Desktop Linux adoption
1602:(OEM). In the case of
1228:memory management unit
468:
322:
314:
289:, while some (such as
36:(often abbreviated as
29:
5943:License proliferation
4731:Damn Vulnerable Linux
4322:SUSE Linux Enterprise
3719:Resurrection Remix OS
3085:on September 19, 2016
2742:on September 28, 2012
2597:. fedoraproject.org.
2454:debian-0.91-ChangeLog
1520:The (now deprecated)
1021:SUSE Linux Enterprise
678:rolling distributions
653:(along with synonyms
565:Further information:
493:Linux package formats
458:
419:operating systems on
386:Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X
320:
308:
24:
6028:Open-source hardware
5963:Proprietary software
5958:Proprietary firmware
5659:Formerly open-source
5654:Formerly proprietary
5520:Open-source software
5175:Linux Mark Institute
4847:Linux Router Project
3488:on February 27, 2011
3331:"Windows Refund Day"
3307:. Linuxjournal.com.
3197:. October 15, 2015.
2789:"Debating overlayfs"
2570:The Chakra Project.
2543:The Chakra Project.
2502:. November 5, 2016.
2371:www.tech-insider.org
2353:www.tech-insider.org
2275:linux-0.11 available
2189:. December 7, 2013.
2163:on February 13, 2015
1975:. January 15, 2015.
1757:), since many users
1606:, the OS is usually
1558:Proprietary software
1355:Free Standards Group
997:open-source software
852:Wikimedia Foundation
742:application security
727:desktop environments
624:Standard release or
613:Built primarily for
608:scientific computing
553:). For example, see
241:, servers, laptops,
233:Almost one thousand
200:proprietary software
6101:Linux distributions
5908:Open-source license
5510:Gratis versus libre
4779:SUSE Studio Express
4546:Other derivatives:
3628:Linux distributions
2853:stats.wikimedia.org
2578:on August 27, 2011.
2551:on October 11, 2011
2532:. October 10, 2023.
1855:related controversy
1849:Sometimes called a
1753:running Linux (see
1636:video game consoles
1457:Fedora Media Writer
1359:Linux Standard Base
1305:penetration testing
1299:Computer security,
1209:Niche distributions
965:which developed by
235:Linux distributions
214:then combined into
157:desktop environment
135:compositor such as
5102:Distributions list
5097:General comparison
5059:Criticism of Linux
4653:BLAG Linux and GNU
4520:Linux Caixa Mágica
3515:on August 31, 2019
3132:Debian Webmaster.
2909:. Derstandard.at.
2132:on January 5, 2015
1918:on October 3, 2018
1688:Fixstars Solutions
1630:hardware with the
1604:IBM PC compatibles
1476:VMware Workstation
1420:personal computers
1313:Parrot Security OS
1256:(former XBMC) and
1237:Internet of things
1108:that only runs on
712:development branch
671:optionally rolling
555:Linux From Scratch
483:Package management
469:
398:Patrick Volkerding
396:, was released by
382:" (5 October 1992)
376:bootable rootdisks
323:
315:
206:required for some
62:personal computers
34:Linux distribution
30:
6088:
6087:
5988:Trusted Computing
5978:Software security
5926:
5925:
5607:Operating systems
5515:Long-term support
5437:
5436:
4961:
4960:
4907:
4906:
4852:MCC Interim Linux
4795:Caldera OpenLinux
4114:
4113:
3051:. June 29, 2015.
3045:"WindowsDualBoot"
2974:978-1-4842-1393-3
2627:on August 3, 2020
2349:"interim release"
1884:. June 30, 2014.
1686:on the keyboard.
1610:; in the case of
1608:Microsoft Windows
1418:Both servers and
1375:Packaged software
1301:digital forensics
1126:Google Play Store
850:on the site. The
746:software security
704:standard releases
682:software releases
647:partially rolling
593:computer clusters
551:cross-compilation
421:IBM PC compatible
417:Microsoft Windows
380:Linux Base System
360:MCC Interim Linux
216:software packages
179:or more recently
6113:
6078:
6077:
6068:
5973:Software patents
5856:
5855:
5768:Creative Commons
5627:Web applications
5464:
5457:
5450:
5441:
5440:
5425:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5402:Linux portal
5400:
5399:
5371:Linux Foundation
5170:Linux Foundation
4988:
4981:
4974:
4965:
4964:
4951:
4950:
4941:
4933:Linux portal
4931:
4930:
4919:
4918:
4708:Yellow Dog Linux
4693:Think Blue Linux
4683:Scientific Linux
4558:CrunchBang Linux
4454:
4453:
3995:Damn Small Linux
3813:
3812:
3704:Paranoid Android
3621:
3614:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3534:A. Ponomarenko.
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3511:. Archived from
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3450:
3444:
3443:
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3369:
3367:
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3347:
3346:
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3294:
3292:
3290:
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3277:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
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3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3081:. Archived from
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2999:on July 24, 2018
2995:. Archived from
2985:
2979:
2978:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2905:derStandard.at.
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2886:on April 8, 2017
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2729:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2676:. opensuse.org.
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2462:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2386:
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2375:
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2357:
2356:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:"RELNOTES-0.95a"
2283:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2244:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2159:. Archived from
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2128:. Archived from
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1874:
1857:
1847:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1723:Roberto Di Cosmo
1696:Yellow Dog Linux
1624:Sun Microsystems
1553:creation support
1461:Debian-Installer
1455:(which uses the
1387:USB memory stick
1289:Scientific Linux
1246:Home theater PCs
1224:Microcontrollers
1142:Linux Foundation
1118:tablet computers
1058:, known for its
828:SliTaz GNU/Linux
784:USB flash drives
698:In terms of the
676:Repositories of
604:music production
561:Types and trends
224:Debian-Installer
175:(usually either
54:embedded devices
42:operating system
6121:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6056:
6023:Open-core model
5998:
5992:
5922:
5860:
5854:
5724:
5701:
5663:
5546:
5539:
5473:
5468:
5438:
5433:
5410:
5408:
5394:
5385:
5352:
5232:
5184:
5143:
5127:Package manager
5083:
5047:
5026:Booting process
4997:
4992:
4962:
4957:
4925:
4903:
4832:Foresight Linux
4783:
4765:
4712:
4635:
4621:Container Linux
4607:
4593:Musix GNU+Linux
4500:Black Lab Linux
4480:
4443:
4434:Tiny Core Linux
4340:
4303:
4265:
4251:OpenMandriva Lx
4227:
4206:Calculate Linux
4192:
4110:
4060:Raspberry Pi OS
3963:
3846:Ubuntu Cinnamon
3802:
3728:
3709:PixelExperience
3630:
3625:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3424:
3417:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3391:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3363:Wayback Machine
3354:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3227:on May 29, 2009
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3157:
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3141:
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3098:
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3017:
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3000:
2987:
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2800:
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2730:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2697:
2693:
2683:
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2667:
2657:
2655:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2583:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2472:. May 4, 2013.
2464:
2463:
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2448:
2438:
2436:
2427:
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2422:
2415:
2411:
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2222:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2089:David Hayward.
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2033:distrowatch.com
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1912:swift.siphos.be
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1740:
1664:Hewlett-Packard
1652:Nintendo Switch
1596:
1588:virtual machine
1560:
1488:
1424:Hewlett-Packard
1383:
1351:
1264:Raspberry Pi OS
1211:
1195:Tiny Core Linux
1190:
1184:
1176:Kindle firmware
1069:
1033:rolling release
864:
840:
822:, Devil-Linux,
788:hard disk drive
776:
768:Main articles:
766:
754:vulnerabilities
734:user experience
639:
626:rolling release
573:
563:
495:
485:
453:
429:Apple Macintosh
303:
287:instruction set
159:(most commonly
76:) and powerful
17:
12:
11:
5:
6119:
6109:
6108:
6106:Linus Torvalds
6103:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6072:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6047:
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6015:
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5862:
5853:
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5842:
5837:
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5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
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5800:
5795:
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5770:
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5755:
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5709:
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5664:
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5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5560:Bioinformatics
5557:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5444:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5419:
5405:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5366:CompTIA Linux+
5362:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5293:
5290:Linux Magazine
5286:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5132:Package format
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4991:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4968:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4945:
4935:
4923:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4812:
4810:Familiar Linux
4807:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4374:
4372:Clear Linux OS
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4279:Austrumi Linux
4275:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3819:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3573:
3568:
3560:
3559:External links
3557:
3554:
3553:
3526:
3499:
3472:
3445:
3415:
3370:
3348:
3322:
3296:
3264:
3238:
3212:
3182:
3151:
3124:
3104:Proven, Liam.
3096:
3066:
3036:
3010:
2993:www.debian.org
2980:
2973:
2955:
2924:
2897:
2870:
2840:
2810:
2779:
2752:
2717:
2691:
2674:"Why openSUSE"
2665:
2638:
2612:
2581:
2562:
2535:
2517:
2487:
2457:
2446:
2420:
2409:
2398:
2387:
2376:
2358:
2340:
2310:
2305:git.kernel.org
2292:
2278:
2267:
2230:
2215:. FabioLolix.
2204:
2174:
2143:
2112:
2081:
2050:
2020:
1990:
1960:
1929:
1899:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1786:
1783:
1771:free of charge
1763:Linux adoption
1744:installed base
1739:
1736:
1694:consoles with
1595:
1592:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1522:Wubi installer
1487:
1484:
1382:
1379:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1315:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1271:
1260:
1243:
1234:
1221:
1210:
1207:
1186:Main article:
1183:
1180:
1138:
1137:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1008:
1007:
1006:
982:
981:
980:
979:
978:
956:
935:
878:Canonical Ltd.
863:
860:
839:
836:
765:
762:
651:partly rolling
638:
635:
630:
629:
622:
611:
596:
589:
586:
583:
580:
567:Linux adoption
562:
559:
484:
481:
452:
449:
390:
389:
383:
369:
363:
362:(3 March 1992)
357:
328:developed the
326:Linus Torvalds
302:
299:
267:Canonical Ltd.
208:device drivers
125:display server
80:(for example,
78:supercomputers
72:(for example,
64:(for example,
56:(for example,
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6118:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6081:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6051:Revolution OS
6048:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6012:GNU Manifesto
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5919:
5918:Public domain
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5707:Organisations
5704:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5602:Office suites
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5500:Free software
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5460:
5458:
5453:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5430:
5429:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5340:Revolution OS
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5312:Linux Outlaws
5310:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5283:Linux Journal
5280:
5278:
5277:
5276:Linux Gazette
5273:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5228:Linux malware
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Linux Counter
5158:
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5079:SCO and Linux
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4756:TopologiLinux
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4688:Red Hat Linux
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4626:Sabayon Linux
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4573:Feather Linux
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4367:Chimera Linux
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4148:MIRACLE LINUX
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4138:CentOS Stream
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3990:BlankOn Linux
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3929:Peppermint OS
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3889:elementary OS
3887:
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3877:Derivatives:
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3861:Ubuntu Studio
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3841:Ubuntu Budgie
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3794:(3.0 onwards)
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3772:Hyperbola GNU
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2013:September 11,
2008:
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1692:PlayStation 3
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1594:OEM contracts
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1295:Ubuntu Studio
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1124:, it has the
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1060:FreeBSD Ports
1057:
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1044:Manjaro Linux
1042:
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1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
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993:Red Hat Linux
990:
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932:Ubuntu Studio
929:
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920:Ubuntu Budgie
917:
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801:
795:
791:
789:
785:
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780:optical discs
775:
771:
761:
759:
755:
751:
750:security bugs
747:
743:
737:
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728:
724:
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715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
689:
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679:
674:
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668:
667:truly rolling
664:
663:fully rolling
660:
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648:
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623:
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518:file archiver
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35:
27:
23:
19:
6049:
6042:
6010:
5893:Free license
5639:Android apps
5426:
5407:
5393:
5346:
5338:
5316:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5269:Linux Format
5267:
5255:
5248:
5223:Range of use
5088:
5040:
5003:Linux kernel
4894:Splashtop OS
4668:Linpus Linux
4603:Sunwah Linux
4540:Ubuntu GNOME
4449:Discontinued
4448:
4158:Oracle Linux
3944:Ubuntu Touch
3866:Ubuntu Unity
3851:Ubuntu Kylin
3798:SystemRescue
3787:Parabola GNU
3627:
3581:text version
3577:presentation
3544:. Retrieved
3529:
3517:. Retrieved
3513:the original
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3486:the original
3475:
3463:. Retrieved
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3394:November 26,
3392:. Retrieved
3383:
3373:
3351:
3339:. Retrieved
3325:
3313:. Retrieved
3299:
3287:. Retrieved
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3225:the original
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3195:Ars Technica
3194:
3185:
3175:November 18,
3173:. Retrieved
3164:
3154:
3142:. Retrieved
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3111:The Register
3109:
3099:
3087:. Retrieved
3083:the original
3078:
3069:
3059:December 12,
3057:. Retrieved
3048:
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:the original
2992:
2983:
2964:
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2938:Ars Technica
2937:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:the original
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2852:
2843:
2831:. Retrieved
2822:
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2782:
2770:. Retrieved
2755:
2746:September 6,
2744:, retrieved
2740:the original
2734:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2576:the original
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2549:the original
2538:
2529:
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2469:
2460:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2423:
2412:
2401:
2390:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2322:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2281:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2246:
2233:
2223:December 23,
2221:. Retrieved
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2186:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2156:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:the original
2125:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2063:
2058:Jim Martin.
2053:
2043:November 26,
2041:. Retrieved
2032:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1972:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1942:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1916:the original
1911:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1881:
1872:
1853:, with some
1850:
1845:
1799:Linux portal
1780:
1748:
1741:
1711:
1705:NAS device,
1700:
1657:
1638:such as the
1597:
1561:
1537:Win32-loader
1511:
1500:
1489:
1465:
1443:
1436:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:partitioning
1403:
1394:floppy disks
1391:
1384:
1381:Installation
1372:
1352:
1268:Raspberry Pi
1266:targets the
1241:Azure Sphere
1212:
1191:
1154:
1146:Chris DiBona
1139:
1070:
985:Fedora Linux
928:Ubuntu Kylin
842:The website
841:
812:Fedora Linux
796:
792:
777:
757:
744:. Regarding
738:
731:
716:
703:
697:
690:
677:
675:
670:
666:
662:
659:half-rolling
658:
655:semi-rolling
654:
650:
646:
645:. The terms
640:
631:
628:, see below.
574:
546:self-hosting
544:
539:
537:
534:
530:
522:dependencies
511:
498:
496:
477:architecture
473:Gentoo Linux
470:
465:Linux kernel
445:
435:versions of
410:
391:
379:
375:
353:
352:Torvalds's "
347:
330:Linux kernel
324:
311:floppy disks
247:Fedora Linux
232:
220:repositories
212:
204:binary blobs
185:
173:sound server
129:X.org Server
86:
48:and often a
46:Linux kernel
37:
33:
31:
18:
5983:Tivoization
5622:Video games
5597:Mathematics
5318:Linux Voice
5304:Ubuntu User
5257:Full Circle
5244:DistroWatch
5117:Lightweight
5031:Kernel oops
5021:Linux-libre
5016:Linus's law
4800:CyanogenMod
4761:VectorLinux
4563:DoudouLinux
4553:Corel Linux
4419:Source Mage
4188:Sailfish OS
4183:Rocky Linux
4173:Red Star OS
4133:Asahi Linux
4075:SparkyLinux
3884:Bodhi Linux
3856:Ubuntu MATE
3757:EndeavourOS
3649:Android-x86
3507:C. Lohner.
3366:(in French)
3289:January 23,
3079:Linux Today
2772:January 26,
2705:How-To Geek
2510:November 5,
2500:w3techs.org
2167:January 11,
2136:January 11,
2105:October 29,
2074:October 29,
1983:January 15,
1953:January 15,
1775:guesstimate
1698:installed.
1684:Windows key
1670:, Affordy,
1644:PlayStation
1634:installed;
1480:DistroWatch
1199:Puppy Linux
1165:Sailfish OS
1130:Google apps
1114:Chromeboxes
1110:Chromebooks
1095:Android-x86
1089:, its fork
1087:Cyanogenmod
1080:Android OSP
1056:power users
1040:text file.
912:Ubuntu MATE
856:User Agents
848:web traffic
844:DistroWatch
820:Puppy Linux
732:As for the
526:source code
507:web browser
441:source code
433:proprietary
423:computers,
402:Ian Murdock
338:floppy disk
334:source code
295:source code
196:source code
89:init system
6095:Categories
5931:Challenges
5649:Commercial
5632:E-commerce
5617:Television
4943:Comparison
4815:Firefox OS
4703:Vine Linux
4698:Turbolinux
4631:xB Machine
4583:HandyLinux
4568:Dreamlinux
4334:GeckoLinux
4261:ROSA Linux
4211:ChromiumOS
4020:FreedomBox
4015:Endless OS
3919:LXLE Linux
3914:Linux Mint
3909:Linux Lite
3894:EmmabuntĂĽs
3824:Official:
3762:Frugalware
3684:GrapheneOS
3519:August 28,
3492:October 1,
3438:October 1,
3356:Detaxe.org
3049:ubuntu.com
3021:. Debian.
2833:January 6,
2823:asashi.net
2803:January 5,
2470:debian.org
2197:January 5,
2187:debian.org
2064:PC Advisor
1973:centos.org
1922:January 8,
1892:January 5,
1864:References
1738:Statistics
1727:Racketware
1650:, and the
1547:UNetbootin
1503:VirtualBox
1472:VirtualBox
1337:Endless OS
1331:FreedomBox
1309:Kali Linux
1226:without a
1128:and other
1106:ChromiumOS
1029:Arch Linux
938:Linux Mint
832:dyne:bolic
824:SuperGamer
804:Linux Mint
802:, Ubuntu,
540:everything
487:See also:
451:Components
309:5.25-inch
283:Arch Linux
177:PulseAudio
165:KDE Plasma
107:tools and
66:Linux Mint
5861:standards
5859:Types and
5840:Unlicense
5835:Sleepycat
5669:Community
5297:LinuxUser
5263:Linux.com
5155:LinuxChix
4869:Mobilinux
4805:DemoLinux
4718:Slackware
4578:gNewSense
4548:BackTrack
4530:Pinguy OS
4505:Cub Linux
4389:GoboLinux
4271:Slackware
4256:PCLinuxOS
4241:ALT Linux
4128:AlmaLinux
4087:(1.0–2.0)
4050:Parrot OS
3904:Freespire
3752:BlackArch
3714:Replicant
3689:LineageOS
3546:March 11,
2948:April 22,
2917:March 14,
2890:March 14,
2247:LinuxUser
2157:linux.com
2126:linux.com
2095:TechRadar
1576:CrossOver
1568:Emulation
1514:dual-boot
1413:installer
1283:PCLinuxOS
1258:Mythbuntu
1250:KnoppMyth
1091:LineageOS
922:based on
914:based on
906:based on
898:based on
890:based on
686:snapshots
619:usability
394:Slackware
354:Boot-Root
275:Slackware
109:libraries
91:(such as
6080:Category
5997:Related
5878:Copyleft
5798:GNU LGPL
5793:GNU AGPL
5758:Beerware
5753:Artistic
5730:Licenses
5697:Advocacy
5644:iOS apps
5585:Wireless
5580:Graphics
5547:packages
5545:Software
5535:Timeline
5428:Category
5347:The Code
5334:Phoronix
5324:LugRadio
5208:Embedded
5198:Adopters
5190:Adoption
4953:Category
4884:Remix OS
4879:OpenELEC
4827:Floppyfw
4751:Platypux
4588:Libranet
4525:LinuxTLE
4493:Ubuntu:
4471:Antergos
4466:ArchLabs
4317:openSUSE
4289:Salix OS
4233:Mandriva
4216:ChromeOS
4163:Qubes OS
4045:MX Linux
3959:Zorin OS
3939:Trisquel
3899:KDE neon
3826:Edubuntu
3742:ArchBang
3669:DivestOS
3540:Archived
3459:Archived
3432:Archived
3404:cite web
3388:Archived
3359:Archived
3341:July 29,
3335:Archived
3315:July 29,
3309:Archived
3280:Archived
3257:July 29,
3251:Archived
3231:July 29,
3205:June 14,
3199:Archived
3169:Archived
3144:July 29,
3138:Archived
3089:July 10,
3053:Archived
3029:July 29,
3023:Archived
3003:July 23,
2942:Archived
2911:Archived
2863:July 23,
2857:Archived
2827:Archived
2797:Archived
2766:Archived
2678:Archived
2652:Archived
2599:Archived
2504:Archived
2480:July 19,
2474:Archived
2439:July 29,
2433:Archived
2327:Archived
2251:Archived
2217:Archived
2191:Archived
2099:Archived
2068:Archived
2037:Archived
2007:Archived
1977:Archived
1947:Archived
1886:Archived
1785:See also
1759:download
1680:System76
1551:live USB
1531:Ubiquity
1492:WinLinux
1470:such as
1445:Anaconda
1439:firmware
1432:System76
1275:Edubuntu
1270:platform
1173:Amazon's
1102:ChromeOS
1038:PKGBUILD
1011:openSUSE
971:System76
967:American
945:Cinnamon
838:Examples
774:Live USB
723:upstream
615:security
610:packages
499:packages
255:openSUSE
243:netbooks
239:desktops
228:Anaconda
192:binaries
181:PipeWire
40:) is an
6006:Forking
5788:GNU GPL
5682:History
5612:Routing
5575:Drivers
5530:Outline
5478:General
5376:Red Hat
5329:LWN.net
5203:Desktop
5011:History
4837:Immunix
4746:NimbleX
4741:Kongoni
4726:BioSLAX
4663:ClearOS
4641:Red Hat
4510:Gobuntu
4495:Asturix
4394:Guix SD
4352:4MLinux
4299:Zenwalk
4284:Porteus
4143:EulerOS
4085:SteamOS
4080:SolydXK
4040:Knoppix
4035:Kanotix
3954:Wubuntu
3934:Pop! OS
3924:Nova OS
3879:BackBox
3871:Xubuntu
3836:Lubuntu
3831:Kubuntu
3792:SteamOS
3782:Manjaro
3724:OmniROM
3679:Fire OS
3664:ColorOS
3659:Celadon
3654:CalyxOS
3636:Android
3465:May 23,
3165:PCWorld
2793:LWN.net
2710:May 30,
2684:May 18,
2658:May 18,
2631:May 18,
2605:May 18,
2555:May 18,
2323:lwn.net
2003:LWN.net
1882:gnu.org
1632:Solaris
1584:DirectX
1496:coLinux
1343:SteamOS
1279:Karoshi
1232:ÎĽClinux
1219:OpenWrt
1122:Android
1120:. Like
1076:Android
989:Red Hat
959:Pop!_OS
949:GNOME 2
904:Xubuntu
896:Lubuntu
888:Kubuntu
816:Knoppix
770:Live CD
643:updates
633:needs.
427:on the
372:H.J. Lu
301:History
251:Red Hat
194:and in
133:Wayland
93:systemd
70:servers
58:OpenWrt
6070:Portal
5999:topics
5820:Python
5743:Apache
5692:Events
5592:Health
5565:Codecs
5381:Ubuntu
5218:Mobile
5213:Gaming
4899:Turkix
4820:B2G OS
4736:KateOS
4673:Korora
4658:CentOS
4645:Fedora
4613:Gentoo
4598:Parsix
4535:Sabily
4486:Debian
4476:Chakra
4429:T2 SDE
4357:Alpine
4246:Mageia
4223:Pentoo
4198:Gentoo
4153:Nobara
4120:Fedora
4106:Whonix
4055:PureOS
4025:Kaisen
4005:Devuan
4000:deepin
3817:Ubuntu
3808:Debian
3777:LinHES
3767:Garuda
3699:One UI
3117:May 3,
2971:
2260:May 4,
1731:DGCCRF
1676:Pine64
1672:Purism
1660:Lenovo
1541:Debian
1526:Ubuntu
1507:VMware
1453:Fedora
1399:Debian
1329:, and
1323:Whonix
1203:Slitaz
1052:Gentoo
963:Ubuntu
924:Budgie
874:Ubuntu
868:Debian
758:chosen
431:, and
425:Mac OS
406:Debian
291:Gentoo
279:Gentoo
271:Debian
263:Ubuntu
261:) and
153:Mutter
97:OpenRC
60:) and
38:distro
26:Ubuntu
5845:WTFPL
5555:Audio
5237:Media
5042:more…
4995:Linux
4874:Nitix
4857:MeeGo
4842:Jurix
4788:Other
4424:Solus
4414:Puppy
4409:NixOS
4399:KaiOS
4382:Kwort
4362:CHAOS
4345:Other
4096:Tizen
4091:Tails
4010:Elive
3980:Astra
3975:antiX
3968:Other
3747:Artix
3591:ZDNet
3283:(PDF)
3276:(PDF)
2646:Rev.
2254:(PDF)
2243:(PDF)
1837:Notes
1703:NSLU2
1628:SPARC
1626:sold
1620:macOS
1612:Apple
1580:Win32
1564:Steam
1327:Qubes
1319:Tails
1169:KaiOS
1157:Tizen
1150:glibc
975:GNOME
951:fork
884:GNOME
808:MEPIS
171:), a
167:, or
161:GNOME
155:), a
149:GNOME
147:, or
117:getty
101:runit
99:, or
68:) to
5850:zlib
5773:CDDL
5748:APSL
4921:List
4771:SUSE
4458:Arch
4439:Void
4404:KaOS
4377:CRUX
4309:SUSE
4294:Slax
4070:Slax
4065:Q4OS
4030:Kali
3949:Uruk
3734:Arch
3694:MIUI
3674:EMUI
3579:and
3548:2020
3521:2019
3494:2011
3467:2008
3440:2011
3410:link
3396:2020
3343:2011
3317:2011
3291:2012
3259:2011
3233:2011
3207:2017
3177:2015
3146:2011
3119:2023
3091:2016
3061:2021
3031:2011
3005:2018
2969:ISBN
2950:2013
2919:2013
2892:2013
2865:2018
2835:2015
2805:2015
2774:2012
2748:2011
2712:2023
2686:2019
2660:2019
2633:2019
2607:2019
2557:2019
2512:2016
2482:2014
2441:2011
2335:2018
2262:2013
2225:2020
2199:2015
2169:2015
2138:2015
2107:2015
2076:2015
2045:2020
2015:2015
1985:2015
1955:2015
1924:2015
1894:2015
1719:AFUL
1707:TiVo
1678:and
1668:Dell
1640:Xbox
1574:and
1572:Wine
1474:and
1430:and
1428:Dell
1353:The
1311:and
1303:and
1277:and
1254:Kodi
1201:and
1171:and
1144:and
1116:and
1031:, a
1015:SUSE
953:MATE
947:and
942:fork
916:MATE
908:XFCE
900:LXQT
830:and
810:and
800:SUSE
772:and
752:and
669:and
657:and
649:and
569:and
491:and
437:Unix
415:and
374:'s "
281:and
259:SUSE
226:and
169:Xfce
145:KWin
137:Sway
121:Mesa
5815:MPL
5810:MIT
5805:ISC
5778:EPL
5763:BSD
5738:AFL
5036:Tux
4862:Mer
4515:gOS
4101:UOS
3644:/e/
1751:PCs
1648:Wii
1616:Mac
1614:'s
1582:or
1505:or
1494:or
1363:ABI
1161:Mer
892:KDE
782:or
708:bug
661:),
606:or
503:PNG
413:DOS
342:GNU
253:),
151:'s
143:'s
141:KDE
105:GNU
103:),
84:).
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3406:}}
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
